Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| genotoxic risk identification of soil contamination at a major industrialized city in northeast china by a combination of in vitro and in vivo bioassays. | the present study evaluated the genotoxicity of field soils in the tianjin area, one of the most industrialized contaminated areas in northeast china. the genotoxicity of organic extracts of 41 soils was assayed by an in vitro sos/ umu bioassay with salmonella typhimurium ta 1535/psk 1002. from the 41 soil samples, 11 samples were selected to confirm the genotoxic effect by in vivo single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) using earthworms (eisenia fetida). the results obtained demonstrated ... | 2006 | 17051817 |
| seasonal population dynamics of eisenia fetida (savigny, 1826) (oligochaeta, lumbricidae) in the field. | in order to assess the response of epigeic earthworms to seasonal changes we monitored the population dynamics of eisenia fetida (oligochaeta, lumbricidae) in a manure heap in the field during a year. earthworms were hand-sorted from five 0.25 x 0.25 x 0.20 m blocks around the heap in november (autumn) 1999 and in january (winter), april (spring) and august (summer) 2000 to determine earthworm population dynamics. earthworms of each block were classified into different age classes: mature, precl ... | 2006 | 17067935 |
| toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos on earthworm eisenia fetida in phaiozem, northeast china. | acetochlor and methamidophos are two important agrochemicals which are widely applied to agricultural production in northeast china. the investigation on the earthworm eisenia fetida as an important type of soil animals exposed to single and binary-combined contamination of acetochlor and methamidophos was thus carried out. the single toxic effect test showed that the two agrochemicals had their toxicity to the earthworms living in phaiozem. acetochlor had a stronger acute toxic effect on the ea ... | 2006 | 17078554 |
| ecotoxicity monitoring of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil during bioremediation: a case study. | the ecotoxicity of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil originating from a brownfield site was evaluated during a 17-month biodegradation pilot test. the initial concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (tphs) in the soil was 6380 microg/g dry weight. an amount of 200 kg soil was inoculated with 1.5 l of the bacterial preparation gem-100 containing pseudomonas sp. and acinetobacter sp. strains (5.3 x 10(10) cfu.ml(-1)) adapted to diesel fuel. the concentration of tphs in the soil decreased by 65.5 ... | 2007 | 17106791 |
| [establishment of method for cytochrome p450 of earthworms (eisenia fetida) as a biomarker]. | earthworm (eisenia fetida) was chosen as test soil fauna to establish the method for determination of cytochrome p450 content. by means of thoroughly washing with salt solution, changing centrifugal acceleration and dissolving microsomal membranes of earthworms with sodium cholate, the determination of cytochrome p450 was performed. base on the method, dynamic relationships of dose-response for cytochrome p450 contents in earthworm and phenanthrene concentrations were conducted by contact filter ... | 2006 | 17111626 |
| glycosylated trypsin-like proteases from earthworm eisenia fetida. | although groups of earthworm proteases have been found by several laboratories, it is still unclear how many of the isolated trypsin-like fibrinolytic enzymes are in glycosylated form. here, eight glycosylated fibrinolytic proteases (efp-0-1, efp-0-2, efp-i-1, efp-i-2, efp-ii-1, efp-ii-2, efp-iii-1 and efp-iii-2) were isolated from an earthworm species (eisenia fetida) through a stepwise-purification procedure: ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on a sepharose-4b column coup ... | 2007 | 17113141 |
| evaluation by respirometry of the loading capacity of a high rate vermicompost bed for treating sewage sludge. | this study examines high rate vermicomposting of sewage sludge using high stocking densities of earthworms. to examine the loading capacity, two vermicompost beds were established in identical 0.84 m diameter reactors, one loaded at an average rate of 10 kg-wet-sludge-mixture m(-2) day(-1) (0.5 kg-carbon m(-2) day(-1)), the other loaded at 20 kg-wet-sludge-mixture m(-2) day(-1) (1 kg-carbon m(-2) day(-1)). the sludge mixture was from a commercial vermicomposting company (vermitech) and contained ... | 2007 | 17127053 |
| the strong induction of metallothionein gene following cadmium exposure transiently affects the expression of many genes in eisenia fetida: a trade-off mechanism? | metal pollution causes disturbances at various levels of biological organization in most species. important physiological functions could be affected in the exposed individuals and among the main physiological functions, immunity may provide one (or more) effector(s) whose expression can be directly affected by a metal exposure in various macroinvertebrates. protein expressions were studied in order to test them as molecular biomarkers of metal exposure in eisenia fetida. selected effectors were ... | 2007 | 17150412 |
| the determination of earthworm species sensitivity differences to cadmium genotoxicity using the comet assay. | the concept of species sensitivity differences is important in ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment, but testing usually focuses on lethality of toxicants. the effects on the suborganismal level are mostly ignored; therefore, the present study assessed a biomarker of genotoxicity (the alkaline comet assay) to compare species sensitivities. five earthworm species (amynthas diffringens, aporrectodea caliginosa, dendrodrilus rubidus, eisenia fetida and microchaetus benhami) were exposed ... | 2007 | 17173970 |
| dna damage and repair process in earthworm after in-vivo and in vitro exposure to soils irrigated by wastewaters. | in this study, dna damage to earthworms (eisenia fetida) after in vivo exposure to contaminated soils was measured by detecting dna strand breakages (dsbs) and causality was analyzed through fractionation based bioassays. a non-linear dose-response relationship existed between dna damage and total soil pahs levels. dna damage, measured with the comet assay, and its repair process, were observed. to identify the chemical causality, an in vitro comet assay using coelomocytes was subsequently perfo ... | 2007 | 17175076 |
| evaluation of chemical and ecotoxicological characteristics of biodegradable organic residues for application to agricultural land. | the use of organic waste and compost as a source of organic matter and nutrients is a common practice to improve soil physico-chemical properties, meanwhile reducing the need for inorganic fertilisers. official guidelines to assess sewage sludge and compost quality are mostly based on total metal content of these residues. measurement of the total concentration of metals may be useful as a general index of contamination, but provides inadequate or little information about their bioavailability, ... | 2007 | 17188749 |
| riboflavin content in autofluorescent earthworm coelomocytes is species-specific. | we have recently shown that a large proproportion of earthworm coelomocytes exhibit strong autofluorescence in some species (dendrobaena veneta, allolobophora chlorotica, dendrodrilus rubidus, eisenia fetida, and octolasion spp.), while autofluorescent coelomocytes are very scarce in representatives of lumbricus spp. and aporrectodea spp. riboflavin (vitamin b2) was identified as a major fluorophore in eisenia jetida coelomocytes. the main aim of the present experiments was to quantify riboflavi ... | 2006 | 17219722 |
| the effect of earthworms on the fractionation and bioavailability of heavy metals before and after soil remediation. | the effect of two earthworm species, lumbricus rubellus and eisenia fetida, on the fractionation/bioavailability of pb and zn before and after soil leaching with edta was studied. four leaching steps with total 12.5 mmol kg(-1) edta removed 39.8% and 6.1% of pb and zn, respectively. edta removed pb from all soil fractions fairly uniformly (assessed using sequential extractions). zn was mostly present in the chemically inert residual soil fraction, which explains its poor removal. analysis of ear ... | 2007 | 17234313 |
| differences in p,p'-dde bioaccumulation from compost and soil by the plants cucurbita pepo and cucurbita maxima and the earthworms eisenia fetida and lumbricus terrestris. | two plant species, cucurbita pepo and cucurbita maxima, and two earthworm species, eisenia fetida and lumbricus terrestris, were exposed to soil and compost with equivalent p,p'-dde contamination. pollutant bioconcentration was equal in plant roots in both media, but translocation was higher in c. pepo. bioaccumulation by e. fetida was approximately 6- and 3-fold higher than that by l. terrestris in the soil and compost, respectively. for all species, p,p'-dde uptake was significantly greater fr ... | 2007 | 17241722 |
| [a component of earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme having higher thrombolytic activity than total components in vivo]. | to select higher thrombolytic and lower toxic single component of earthworm fibrinolytic enzymes (efe). | 2006 | 17262949 |
| sub-lethal toxicity of the antiparasitic abamectin on earthworms and the application of neutral red retention time as a biomarker. | the antiparasitic abamectin has been proven effective against both endo- and ectoparasites of farm animals and hence used widely in animal husbandry. it may enter the soil environment with the excreta of treated animals. very little information is available with regard to the sub-lethal effects of abamectin on soil invertebrates, such as earthworms. the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effect of abamectin on earthworms, using eisenia fetida, by analyzing changes in the survival, ... | 2007 | 17292446 |
| dynamics of nitrogen in a pahs contaminated soil amended with biosolid or vermicompost in the presence of earthworms. | nitrogen mineralization in pahs contaminated soil in presence of eisenia fetida amended with biosolid or vermicompost was investigated. sterilized and unsterilized soil was contaminated with pahs, added with e. fetida and biosolid or vermicompost and incubated aerobically for 70 days, while dynamics of inorganic n were monitored. addition of e. fetida to sterilized soil increased concentration of nh(4)(+) 100> mg n kg(-1), while concentrations in unsterilized remained <60 mg n kg(-1) except for ... | 2007 | 17307221 |
| effects of metals on life cycle parameters of the earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to field-contaminated, metal-polluted soils. | two control and eight field-contaminated, metal-polluted soils were inoculated with eisenia fetida (savigny, 1826). three, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days after inoculation, earthworm survival, body weight, cocoon production and hatching rate were measured. seventeen metals were analysed in e. fetida tissue, bulk soil and soil solution. soil organic carbon content, texture, ph and cation exchange capacity were also measured. cocoon production and hatching rate were more sensitive to adverse conditions ... | 2007 | 17316938 |
| eisenia fetida (oligochaeta: lumbricidae) modifies the structure and physiological capabilities of microbial communities improving carbon mineralization during vermicomposting of pig manure. | although microorganisms are largely responsible for organic matter decomposition, earthworms may also affect the rates of decomposition directly by feeding on and digesting organic matter and microorganisms, or indirectly affect them through their interactions with the microorganisms, basically involving stimulation or depression of the microbial populations. we tested the general hypothesis that microbial populations, and especially fungi, are enhanced by earthworm activity, and also whether ea ... | 2007 | 17323146 |
| growth and reproduction of earthworms in ultramafic soils. | ultramafic soils are characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals of natural origin-such as chromium, cobalt, manganese, and nickel-as well as a shortage of primary nutrients. this can result in extremely disadvantageous living conditions for all soil-dwelling organisms. responses to these conditions were addressed by studying growth, cocoon production, and fecundity of earthworms as endpoints of sublethal effects and how this influences the reproductive system and, consequently, populat ... | 2007 | 17354041 |
| ecotoxicity of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-contaminated soil. | soil samples from a former cokery site polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were assessed for their toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms and for their mutagenicity. the total concentration of the 16 pahs listed as priority pollutants by the us environmental protection agency (us-epa) was 2634+/-241 mg/kgdw in soil samples. the toxicity of water-extractable pollutants from the contaminated soil samples was evaluated using acute (vibrio fischeri; microtox test, daphnia ma ... | 2007 | 17382389 |
| effects of short-chain chlorinated paraffins on soil organisms. | despite the fact that chlorinated paraffins have been produced in relatively large amounts, and high concentrations have been found in sewage sludge applied to soils, there is little information on their concentrations in soils and the effect on soil organisms. the aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of chlorinated paraffins in soils. the effects of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (64% chlorine content) on invertebrates (eisenia fetida, folsomia candida, enchytraeus albidus, ench ... | 2007 | 17382391 |
| cd/zn exposure interactions on metallothionein response in eisenia fetida (annelida, oligochaeta). | we studied metallothionein (mt) response in the manure worm eisenia fetida after exposures to cadmium (cd), zinc (zn) or cadmium and zinc spiked media. mt was studied both at the protein level by dot immunobinding assay, (dia) and at the expression level by northern blotting. cd was highly accumulated by worms whereas zn body concentration was regulated. in addition, zn would limit cd accumulation in worms exposed to low cd concentrations (1 and 8 mg cd kg(-1) of dry soil). exposure to a mixture ... | 2007 | 17433784 |
| toxic effects of albendazole on adenosine triphosphatase activity and ultrastructure in eisenia fetida. | veterinary drug may influence soil fauna through manure excretion and subsequent application to agricultural field. the aim of this study is to determine the toxicity of albendozale (abz) on the whole earthworm as well as its different regions. earthworms of eisenia fetida were exposed to abz at 0, 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg kg(-1) concentrations; samples were taken at days 2, 7, and 14 exposure for determination of two adenosine triphosphatase (na(+)-k(+)- and mg(2+)-atpase) activities and survi ... | 2007 | 17445888 |
| terrestrial ecotoxicity and effect factors of metals in life cycle assessment (lca). | life cycle impact assessment aims to translate the amounts of substance emitted during the life cycle of a product into a potential impact on the environment, which includes terrestrial ecosystems. this work suggests some possible improvements in assessing the toxicity of metals on soil ecosystems in life cycle assessment (lca). the current available data on soil ecotoxicity allow one to calculate the chronic terrestrial hc50(ec50) (hazardous concentration affecting 50% of the species at their e ... | 2007 | 17467037 |
| correlative morphometric and electrochemical measurements of serotonin content in earthworm muscles. | distribution of serotonin (5-ht) content of nervous fibers in both the somatic and the visceral muscle of eisenia fetida have been investigated using immunocytochemical staining and voltammetric measurements. the somatic muscles in the body wall are richer innervated with serotoninergic fibers than the visceral ones in the pharynx and gizzard. the relative density of immunopositive fibers in the circular muscle layer of the body wall was found to be 2.73% while in the prostomium it was 1.02%. in ... | 2007 | 17509692 |
| comparative neurotoxicity of two energetic compounds, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, in the earthworm eisenia fetida. | hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (cl-20) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx), both energetic compounds, share some degree of structural similarity. a noninvasive electrophysiological technique was employed to assess the impacts of acute sublethal exposures on impulse conduction in medial (mgf) and lateral (lgf) giant nerve fiber pathways of the earthworm eisenia fetida and to evaluate the reversibility of neurotoxic effects. earthworms were exposed to either 0.02 to 2.15 microg/cm2 of ... | 2007 | 17521142 |
| surfactants differentially impact p,p'-dde accumulation by plant and earthworm species. | the effect of four surfactants (triton x-100, tween-80, rhamnolipids, cyclodextrin) at 100-1000 mg/l on p,p'-dde phytoextraction by cucurbita pepo (zucchini) under field conditions and p,p'-dde bioaccumulation by earthworm species (eisenia fetida, lumbricus terrestris) under laboratory conditions was investigated. abiotically, surfactants (except cyclodextrin) increased contaminant desorption from soil by 4-fold, with higher concentrations generally promoting greater release. cyclodextrin had no ... | 2007 | 17533859 |
| growth and reproduction of the earthworm eisenia fetida after exposure to leachate from wood preservatives. | wood preserved with chromated copper arsenate (cca) and alkaline copper quaternary (acq) was mixed with artificial rainwater, to generate leachates containing as, cr and cu. then, leachates were applied to two soils at rates of 13-169 mg as kg(-1) soil (dry weight basis), 12-151 mg cr kg(-1) and 10-216 mg cu kg(-1). metal bioavailability was evaluated after 28 days using the earthworm eisenia fetida (savigny). metal concentrations in earthworm tissue ranged from negligible to 80 mg as kg(-1) (dr ... | 2008 | 17559932 |
| characterization, molecular cloning and localization of calreticulin in eisenia fetida earthworms. | calreticulin is a highly conserved calcium-binding protein affecting many cellular processes inside and outside of the endoplasmic reticulum (er). it participates in the regulation of ca(2+) homeostasis, acts as a chaperone and modulates gene transcription, integrin-mediated cell signalling as well as cell adhesion. here we report on the sequence characterization of a calreticulin-coding cdna of eisenia fetida earthworms. the neighbor-joining phylogeny tree constructed based on the deduced amino ... | 2007 | 17560741 |
| [cloning, expression of fibrinolytic enzyme gene efp-i from eisenia fetida in escherichia coli and activity analysis]. | earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme (efe) is a group of protease having fibrinolytic and plasminogen-activator activities isolated from earthworm. molecular biology research showed that there were 21 efe coding sequences, in which only one sequence, ay438624, whose translated protein had similar n-terminal amino-acid sequence to efp-i purified from eisenia fetida. to obtain coding sequence of efp-i , we designed specific primers according to 5' and 3' sequences of ay438624. a new dna sequence was obta ... | 2007 | 17577992 |
| effects of toxaphene on soil organisms. | the polychlorinated insecticide toxaphene belonged to the most used pesticides in the 20th century. even recently, significant residues have been found in soils at various sites in the world. however, knowledge on toxicity to soil organisms is limited. in this study, the effects of toxaphene on soil invertebrates folsomia candida, eisenia fetida, enchytraeus albidus, enchytraeus crypticus, caenorhabditis elegans, and microorganisms were investigated. among the organisms tested, f. candida was th ... | 2007 | 17597206 |
| eisenia fetida protease-iii-1 functions in both fibrinolysis and fibrogenesis. | the fibrinolytic function of earthworm protease-iii-1 (ef p-iii-1) has been studied in recent years. here, we found that ef p-iii-1 acted not only in fibrinogenolysis, but also in fibrogenesis. we have used ef p-iii-1 to hydrolyze fibrinogen, and to activate plasminogen and prothrombin. based on the n-terminal sequences of the hydrolytic fragments, ef p-iii-1 was showed to specifically recognize the carboxylic sites of arginine and lysine. analyses by fibrinogenolysis mapping and amino acid sequ ... | 2007 | 17641727 |
| endocrine disrupting chemicals accumulate in earthworms exposed to sewage effluent. | endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) can alter endocrine function in exposed animals. such critical effects, combined with the ubiquity of edcs in sewage effluent and potentially in tapwater, have led to concerns that they could be major physiological disruptors for wildlife and more controversially for humans. although sewage effluent is known to be a rich source of edcs, there is as yet no evidence for edc uptake by invertebrates that live within the sewage treatment system. here, we describe ... | 2007 | 17675209 |
| the effect of earthworms on the fractionation, mobility and bioavailability of pb, zn and cd before and after soil leaching with edta. | the effect of two ecologically contrasting earthworm species eisenia fetida (epigeic) and octolasion tyrtaeum (endogeic) on the fractionation (accessed using sequential extractions), mobility (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, tclp) and oral bioavailability (ruby's physiologically based extraction test, pbet) of pb, zn and cd was studied before and after soil remediation with soil leaching. twenty-step leaching, with 2.5 mmol kg(-1) edta used in each step, removed 58.4%, 25.0% and 68.0 ... | 2007 | 17675216 |
| supercritical carbon dioxide extraction as a predictor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioaccumulation and toxicity by earthworms in manufactured-gas plant site soils. | the toxicity and uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by earthworms were measured in soil samples collected from manufactured-gas plant sites having a wide range in pah concentrations (170-42,000 mg/kg) and soil characteristics. samples varied from vegetated soils to pure lampblack soot and had total organic carbon contents ranging from 3 to 87%. the biota-soil accumulation factors (bsafs) observed for individual pahs in field-collected earthworms (aporrectodea caliginosa) were up t ... | 2007 | 17705650 |
| chemical reactivation and aging kinetics of organophosphorus-inhibited cholinesterases from two earthworm species. | an in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the ability of pyridine-2-aldoxime methochloride (2-pam) to recover organophosphorus (op)-inhibited cholinesterase (che) activity of two earthworm species (eisenia fetida and lumbricus terrestris). after inhibition of che activity by op pesticides, an alkyl group may be released from the op-che complex. this reaction is termed aging, and the esterase cannot be reactivated either spontaneously or by the action of reactivating agents, such as 2-pam. we a ... | 2007 | 17705652 |
| recovery of cholinesterase activity in the earthworm eisenia fetida savigny following exposure to chlorpyrifos. | organophosphorus (op) insecticides inhibit cholinesterase activity, an essential process in the nervous system of most animals. re-establishment of active enzymes is slow and depends on elimination of the insecticide from the body followed by two lengthy processes: reactivation and/or biosynthesis of new enzymes. earthworms (eisenia fetida) were exposed to either clean or chlorpyrifos-containing (240 mg/kg) soil for 48 h. after transfer to clean soil, we monitored two cholinesterases (e1 and e2) ... | 2007 | 17705658 |
| effects of the fungicide benomyl on earthworms in laboratory tests under tropical and temperate conditions. | soil organisms play a crucial role in the terrestrial ecosystem. plant protection products (ppps) are known to affect soil organisms and might have negative impacts on soil functions influenced by these organisms. little research has been performed to date on the impact of ppps on tropical soil ecosystems. therefore, in this study it was investigated whether the effects of the fungicide benomyl (chosen as a model substance) differ between tropical and temperate regions and whether data generated ... | 2007 | 17713810 |
| diversity of microflora in the gut and casts of tropical composting earthworms reared on different substrates. | the diversity of fungi, bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and protozoa were analysed in the gut and casts of eudrilus eugeniae, lampito mauritii, eisenia fetida and perionyx excavatus, both qualitatively and quantitatively as influenced by different feed substrates like clay loam soil, cowdung and pressmud. while actinomycetes (streptomyces albus, s. somaliensis, nocardia asteroides, n. caviae and saccharomonosporia) were not digested by any of these species of worms, protozoa (amoeba proteus, a. t ... | 2007 | 17717992 |
| evaluation of post-katrina flooded soils for contaminants and toxicity to the soil invertebrates eisenia fetida and caenorhabditis elegans. | this research evaluated soil samples from a new orleans neighborhood in the chalmette, saint bernard parish, that had been inundated by flooding associated with hurricane katrina. the goal was to determine if ecological risks persisted from flood waters that had come in contact with hazardous surface chemicals before inundating this low-lying neighborhood for a prolonged period. research objectives were to establish the presence or absence of volatile organic and heavy metal contaminants, and th ... | 2008 | 17881035 |
| optimizing vermicomposting of animal wastes: effects of rate of manure application on carbon loss and microbial stabilization. | vermicomposting is the process whereby organic residues are broken down by earthworms and microorganisms. addition of manure has been shown to be of critical importance and determines most of the changes that take place during vermicomposting. here, we study how the rate of manure applied affects microbial biomass and activity and carbon losses. for this, we designed continuous feeding reactors in which new layers of manure were added sequentially to form an age gradient inside the reactors. we ... | 2008 | 17889424 |
| effects of three pesticides on the avoidance behavior of earthworms in laboratory tests performed under temperate and tropical conditions. | little research has been performed on the impact of pesticides on earthworms under tropical conditions. taking into consideration the often-limited resources in tropical countries, simple screening tests are needed. therefore, it was investigated whether three pesticides relevant for the brazilian amazon (benomyl, carbendazim, lambda-cyhalothrin) affect the avoidance behavior of the earthworm eisenia fetida. the tests were performed for two days according to iso guideline 17512 but were adapted ... | 2008 | 17889975 |
| effect of pesticides on the reproductive output of eisenia fetida. | we investigated the effects of three different pesticides (carbendazim, dimethoate, and glyphosate) and their mixture on the growth and reproduction of the earthworm species, eisenia fetida. the study was conducted following the suggestion of the international workshop on earthworm ecotoxicology. the results showed that the pesticide treatment had a marked negative impact on the growth and reproduction of earthworms. carbendazim and dimethoate were found to cause greater harm to the selected ear ... | 2007 | 17891325 |
| pac1 receptor localization in a model nervous system: light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry on the earthworm ventral nerve cord ganglia. | the presence and pattern of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (pacap) type i (pac1) receptors were identified by means of pre- and post-embedding immunocytochemical methods in the ventral nerve cord ganglia (vnc) of the earthworm eisenia fetida. light and electron microscopic observations revealed the exact anatomical positions of labeled structures suggesting that pacap mediates the activity of some interneurons, a few small motoneurons and certain sensory fibers that are locat ... | 2008 | 17950477 |
| effects of chronic gamma irradiation on reproduction in the earthworm eisenia fetida (oligochaeta). | eisenia fetida were exposed continuously to (60)co gamma radiation during two generations (f(0) and f(1)). adult f(0) reproduction capacity (i.e., number of cocoons produced, hatchability and number of f(1) hatchlings) in controls and at five dose rates (0.18, 1.7, 4, 11 and 43 mgy/h) was measured over a 13-week exposure period. survival, growth and sexual maturation of f(1) hatchlings were observed for 11 weeks. f(1) adults were exposed for a further 13 weeks to determine their reproduction cap ... | 2007 | 17973550 |
| uptake of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (cl-20) by the earthworm eisenia fetida through dermal contact. | the explosive compound hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (cl-20) has been shown to cause both lethal and sublethal (reproductive and neurotoxic) effects in exposed oligochaetes. however, whether worms take up cl-20 and how much cl-20 enters worm bodies leading to toxicity (e.g., lethality) remain to be determined. in the present study, we used high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and radiolabeled tracer methods to investigate the cl-20 uptake in the whole worm body after contact exposures. ... | 2008 | 17996277 |
| effects of tobacco genetically modified to express protease inhibitor bovine spleen trypsin inhibitor on non-target soil organisms. | effects of tobacco genetically modified to express the protease inhibitor bovine spleen trypsin inhibitor (bsti) were examined in laboratory assays against three earthworm and one collembolan species. bsti is a serine protease inhibitor that can bind to the digestive trypsins of insects feeding on modified plants, resulting in reduced growth and survival. protease inhibitors are active against a broad range of insects, so may have a large impact on non-target organisms. survival and fecundity of ... | 2007 | 18001685 |
| cloning, analysis and functional annotation of expressed sequence tags from the earthworm eisenia fetida. | eisenia fetida, commonly known as red wiggler or compost worm, belongs to the lumbricidae family of the annelida phylum. little is known about its genome sequence although it has been extensively used as a test organism in terrestrial ecotoxicology. in order to understand its gene expression response to environmental contaminants, we cloned 4032 cdnas or expressed sequence tags (ests) from two e. fetida libraries enriched with genes responsive to ten ordnance related compounds using suppressive ... | 2007 | 18047730 |
| [effects of low dosage pyrene pollution on biochemical characters of earthworm (eisenia fetida) in soil]. | by the method of artificial soil pollution, an exposure experiment with different concentrations of pyrene (0, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960 microg x kg(-1)) was conducted to determine the cytochrome p450 and mda contents and the glutathione-s-transferase (gst), superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod) and catalase (cat) activities in earthworm gut after exposure for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. the results indicated that within the range of test pyrene concentrations, all the biochemical indices tested di ... | 2007 | 18062320 |
| effects on litter-dwelling earthworms and microbial decomposition of soil-applied imidacloprid for control of wood-boring insects. | imidacloprid is an effective, systemic insecticide for the control of wood-boring insect pests in trees. systemic applications to trees are often made by soil injections or drenches, and the resulting imidacloprid concentrations in soil or litter may pose a risk of harm to natural decomposer organisms. the authors tested effects of imidacloprid on survival and weight gain or loss of the earthworms eisenia fetida (savigny) and dendrobaena octaedra (savigny), on leaf consumption rates and cocoon p ... | 2008 | 18069649 |
| cdna cloning and expression analysis of eisenia fetida (annelida: oligochaeta) phytochelatin synthase under cadmium exposure. | metallothioneins (mts) are central to trace metal homeostasis and detoxification throughout biological systems. prokaryotes, plants, and fungi utilize both gene encoded cysteine-rich polypeptides (classically designated class i and ii mts) and enzymatically synthesized cysteine-rich peptides (classically designated class iii mts or phytochelatins). in contrast, although gene encoded mts are ubiquitous in animal species the identification of a functional phytochelatin synthase in the nematode cae ... | 2008 | 18083232 |
| annetocin and tctp expressions in the earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to pahs in artificial soil. | the toxicity of sublethal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) levels in soils was assessed by testing their impact on expression of annetocin, a reproduction regulating gene, and translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp), a tumorigenic response gene, in the earthworm eisenia fetida cultured in artificial soil spiked with, phenanthrene (phe), pyrene (pyr), fluoranthene (flu), or benzo(a)pyrene (bap). annetocin and tctp were both up-regulated by 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg(-1) benzo(a)pyrene and t ... | 2008 | 18096229 |
| effect of major cations and ph on the acute toxicity of cadmium to the earthworm eisenia fetida: implications for the biotic ligand model approach. | the purpose of this study was to characterize the individual effect of different cations (ca(2+), mg(2+), na(+), k(+), and h(+)) on the acute toxicity of cd to the earthworm eisenia fetida. higher activities of the considered cations increased the 48-h lc(50) (expressed as cd(2+) activities) linearly to different extents in simulated soil solution. the conditional constants for the binding of h(+ )(log k = 5.41), cd(2+ )(log k = 4.0), ca(2+ )(log k = 3.35), mg(2+ )(log k = 2.82), na(+ )(log k = ... | 2008 | 18175161 |
| toxicogenomic analysis provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of the sublethal toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in eisenia fetida. | xenobiotics such as explosives and pesticides released into the environment can have lethal and sublethal impacts on soil organisms such as earthworms with potential subsequent impacts at highertrophic levels. to better understand the molecular toxicological mechanisms of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt), a commonly used explosive, in eisenia fetida, earthworms were exposed to a gradient of tnt-spiked soils for 28 days and impacts on gene expression were examined using a 4032 cdna microarray. reprodu ... | 2007 | 18186358 |
| effect of temephos on cholinesterase activity in the earthworm eisenia fetida (oligochaeta, lumbricidae). | in this study, adult eisenia fetida earthworms were exposed to the sub-lethal concentrations of temephos using the contact filter paper test procedure. since temephos is an organophosphate pesticide, its effects on earthworms were determined by measuring che inhibition--a known biomarker of exposure. the che activity was measured after a short time of exposure--1 and 2 h. as expected, the lowest che activity (72.70% and 38.03% inhibition) was measured at the highest concentration of temephos (12 ... | 2008 | 18206236 |
| toxicity of the pesticide alpha-cypermethrin to four soil nontarget invertebrates and implications for risk assessment. | alpha-cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, is used as an insecticide in agricultural settings and is increasingly replacing organophosphates and carbamates because of lower application rates and lower toxicity to mammals. because very little is known about the acute and chronic toxicity of this compound for soil-living organisms, the present study investigated acute and sublethal toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin for four terrestrial invertebrate species in an agricultural soil from norway. bioass ... | 2008 | 18211124 |
| evaluation of tests to assess the quality of mine-contaminated soils. | an acid metal-contaminated soil from the aljustrel mining area (a pyrite mine located in sw portugal in the iberian pyrite belt) was subjected to chemical characterisation and total metal quantification (cd, cr, cu, ni, pb and zn). water-soluble metals were determined and a sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate metal speciation. two bioavailable metal fractions were determined: a mobile fraction and a mobilisable fraction. soil ecotoxicity was studied using a battery of bioassa ... | 2008 | 18246433 |
| influence of soil properties on copper toxicity for two soil invertebrates. | although a large body of evidence indicates that metal toxicity to soil organisms is affected by physicochemical soil properties, use of this knowledge in ecological risk assessments is limited because of the lack of a model applicable to a wide range of soils. to study the effect of soil characteristics on the toxicity of copper to terrestrial invertebrates, chronic toxicity tests with eisenia fetida and folsomia candida were performed in 19 european field soils. these soils were carefully sele ... | 2008 | 18290689 |
| modelling the propagation of effects of chronic exposure to ionising radiation from individuals to populations. | this study evaluated the potential effect of ionising radiation on population growth using simple population models and parameter values derived from chronic exposure experiments in two invertebrate species with contrasting life-history strategies. in the earthworm eisenia fetida, models predicted increasing delay in population growth with increasing gamma dose rate (up to 0.6 generation times at 11 mgy h(-1)). population extinction was predicted at 43 mgy h(-1). in the microcrustacean daphnia m ... | 2008 | 18314232 |
| evaluation of sample preparation methods for nuclear magnetic resonance metabolic profiling studies with eisenia fetida. | the earthworm eisenia fetida is frequently used in ecotoxicological studies; however, it has not yet been investigated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)h nmr) metabolic profiling methods. the present study investigates the impact of depuration time, sample homogenization, and different extraction solvents on the quality and reproducibility of the (1)h nmr spectra of e. fetida with the goal of determining whether this species is suitable for future metabonomic studies. a depuration tim ... | 2008 | 18333692 |
| transcriptomic analysis of rdx and tnt interactive sublethal effects in the earthworm eisenia fetida. | explosive compounds such as tnt and rdx are recalcitrant contaminants often found co-existing in the environment. in order to understand the joint effects of tnt and rdx on earthworms, an important ecological and bioindicator species at the molecular level, we sampled worms (eisenia fetida) exposed singly or jointly to tnt (50 mg/kg soil) and rdx (30 mg/kg soil) for 28 days and profiled gene expression in an interwoven loop designed microarray experiment using a 4k-cdna array. lethality, growth ... | 2008 | 18366604 |
| toxicity of four nitrogen-heterocyclic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (npahs) to soil organisms. | the aims of this study were: (i) to investigate the toxicity of n-heterocyclic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (npahs) quinoline, acridine, phenazine, and 1,10-phenanthroline to the soil invertebrates eisenia fetida, enchytraeus crypticus, folsomia candida, and caenorhabditis elegans, (ii) to compare the toxicity of four npahs and the species sensitivity, and (iii) to discuss possible risks of these compounds in soils. different toxicities were found for the tested npahs which might be partially expla ... | 2008 | 18367247 |
| effect of herbicides on glutathione s-transferases in the earthworm, eisenia fetida. | earthworms have been studied as a readily available, easily maintainable and cheap test species for assessing chemical pollution, and may be an alternative to in vivo rodent bioassays. the current investigation aims to characterize detoxification enzymes in eisenia fetida and stress response against two herbicides with different modes of action, namely, fenoxaprop and metolachlor. | 2008 | 18380233 |
| using earthworms to test the efficiency of remediation of oil-polluted soil in tropical mexico. | this study focuses on the medium-term effects of soil bioremediation on mortality and reproduction rates of eisenia fetida (laboratory experiment) and of the tropical earthworm polypheretima elongata (field experiment). we compared soils restored with the two bioremediation technologies landfarming (lf) and compost-bioremediation (bi) with control soils and with soils contaminated with 1% and 2% of petroleum. control and restored soils both were fertile and showed low hydrocarbon contents. the m ... | 2008 | 18455235 |
| bioconcentrations of metals (fe, cu, zn, pb) in earthworms (eisenia fetida), inoculated in municipal sewage sludge: do earthworms pose a possible risk of terrestrial food chain contamination? | efforts have been made to evaluate the possible risks of metal bioaccumulation in composting earthworms during vermicomposting of hazardous wastes, e.g., sewage sludge. the sewage sludge was diluted by mixing cow dung in different proportions, and vermicomposted sludge as well as inoculated earthworms were analyzed for metal (fe, cu, zn, pb) contents. the sludge processed by worms showed a significant reduction in concentration of metals, cu (29.4-51.6%), fe (13.1-19.9%), zn (15.2-25.8%), and pb ... | 2009 | 18461553 |
| [low dose benzo(a)pyrene up-regulated the transcription of hsp70 and hsp90 in eisenia fetida]. | to search for the molecular biomarkers of sub-lethal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs)-contamination of soil, the subtractive cdna libraries of earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to benzo(a)pyrene (bap) in artificial soil were constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization. after sequencing and analyzing with basic local alignment search tool (blast), two clones matching heat shock protein 70 k da (hsp70) and one clone matching heat shock protein 90 k da (hsp90) were isolated from the ... | 2008 | 18464650 |
| vermiconversion of industrial sludge for recycling the nutrients. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the transformation of sugar mill sludge (pm) amended with biogas plant slurry (bps) into vermicompost employing an epigeic earthworm eisenia fetida. to achieve the objectives experiments were conducted for 13 weeks under controlled environmental conditions. in all the waste mixtures, a decrease in ph, toc, tk and c:n ratio, but increase in tkn and tp was recorded. maximum worm biomass and growth rate was attained in 20% pm containing waste mixture. ... | 2008 | 18490154 |
| subcellular distribution of cd and pb in earthworm eisenia fetida as affected by ca2+ ions and cd-pb interaction. | a semi-static solution culture method was used to study the effects of ca(2+) supply and interaction of cd-pb on the subcellular distribution of cd and pb in earthworm eisenia fetida. the subcellular distribution of cd and pb was shown to be metal specific. about 80% of the cd was distributed in the cytosol (fraction g), and only about 20% of total cd was found in the tissue and cell membrane (fraction e) and the microsomes (fraction f). nearly 50% of the pb was rich in the tissue and cell membr ... | 2008 | 18502505 |
| microbial and nutrient stabilization of two animal manures after the transit through the gut of the earthworm eisenia fetida (savigny, 1826). | here we studied how the transit through the gut of the earthworm eisenia fetida affects the microbial and nutrient stabilization of pig and cow manure, by analyzing fresh casts. earthworms reduced the pools of dissolved organic c and n in casts from both types of manure, as wells as mineral n. microbial biomass was enhanced only in casts from pig manure and did not change in casts from cow manure, and fungal populations only raised in casts from cow manure. earthworms reduced microbial activity ... | 2009 | 18511187 |
| bioavailability of chemical pollutants in contaminated soils and pitfalls of chemical analyses in hazard assessment. | decision-making for remediation of industrial wastelands are still based on the concentrations of pollutants of concern measured in soils. in this work, two soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and metals were investigated for their toxicity on earthworms (eisenia fetida), collembolae (folsomia candida), and higher plants (brassica chinensis, lactucca sativa and avena sativa) in order to study the relationships between chemical contamination and biological effects. although ... | 2008 | 18561306 |
| vermiremediation and nutrient recovery of non-recyclable paper waste employing eisenia fetida. | with the industrial growth, changing life style and consumeristic attitude paper consumption has increased significantly in yesteryears. the authors have observed that waste paper obtained from consumable items and used paper products are disposed in open by the consumers as these are not accepted by the salvaging industry. in the present study, an attempt has been made to vermicompost non-recyclable post-consumer paper waste (pw) amended with cow dung (cd) employing eisenia fetida earthworm in ... | 2009 | 18573612 |
| 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine generated in the earthworm eisenia fetida grown in metal-containing soil. | heavy metal pollution of soil causes biological problems, such as mutagenicity to living organisms, including human beings. however, few methods have been developed to assess metal mutagenicity in soil. to avoid metal mutagenicity, an adequate bio-monitoring method is required. in the present study, to determine if the analysis of oxidative dna damage generated in the earthworm is a useful bio-monitoring method for soil mutagenicity, the accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-oh-dg), a major ... | 2008 | 18585474 |
| effects of incubation time and organism density on the bioaccumulation of soil-borne p,p'-dde by the earthworm, eisenia fetida. | laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to assess the influence of incubation time and organism density on bioaccumulation of weathered p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-dde) from soil by the earthworm eisenia fetida. bioaccumulation was measured after 14, 28, 42, and 56 days of exposure. tissue concentration increased with incubation time and steady state was not reached until at least 42 days. organism density had no effect on the bioaccumulation of weathered p,p'-dde. ratios of ... | 2008 | 18587515 |
| changes in the expression of pacap-like compounds during the embryonic development of the earthworm eisenia fetida. | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) is expressed at very early stages in the vertebrate nervous system, and its functions in the embryonic development have been shown by various studies. pacap is an extremely conserved molecule in phylogeny; however, little is known about its presence and functions in invertebrates. our previous studies have shown the occurrence of pacap-like immunoreactivity in the invertebrate nervous system. the aim of this study was to investigate the ... | 2008 | 18607777 |
| [impact of benzo [a] pyrene the expression of mitochondrion-encoded genes in the earthworm eisenia fetida]. | the earthworm eisenia fetida's benzo [a] pyrene (bap) exposure experiments were carried out in artificial soil according to iso 11268-1:1993. and then the upregulated and downregulated subtractive cdna libraries were constructed by clontech pcr-select cdna subtration kit. from the bap exposure upregulated subtractive cdna library, several cdna segments matched mitochondrion-encoded genes were found, including cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (co i), subunit ii (co ii), subunit ill (co iii), nadh d ... | 2008 | 18613511 |
| effects, uptake, and fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene aged in soil in plants and worms. | the present study was aimed at providing data to be used at predicting exposure-based effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) aged in soil on endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. these data can be used to define criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. long-term exposure tests were conducted to evaluate sublethal toxicity and uptake of aged soil-based explosives, with tnt as the main contaminant. in these tests, plants were ... | 2008 | 18620472 |
| arsenic accumulation and toxicity in the earthworm eisenia fetida affected by chloride and phosphate. | chloride and phosphate (po4) were added to field soils contaminated with arsenic and heavy metals, and eisenia fetida were inoculated in these treated soils for 70 d. after 28 d, earthworm survival, body weight, and cocoon production were measured. during the exposure period, the accumulation of as and four metals (cu, zn, cd, and pb) in e. fetida was analyzed. bulk soils and soil solutions were characterized for the contents of as, metals, organic matter, and major cations and anions; cation ex ... | 2008 | 18620473 |
| expression of pacap-like compounds during the caudal regeneration of the earthworm eisenia fetida. | the regeneration of the ventral nerve cord ganglion and peripheral tissues was investigated by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry in the model animal, eisenia fetida (annelida, oligochaeta). it is now well-established that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) is a neurotrophic factor, playing important roles in the development of the nervous system in vertebrate animals. based on the apparent evolutionary conservation of pacap and on the several common mechanisms of ... | 2008 | 18622585 |
| identification and expression profile of gene transcripts differentially expressed during metallic exposure in eisenia fetida coelomocytes. | the aim of this work was to identify in eisenia fetida genes whose expression are regulated following exposure to a complex mixture of metallic trace elements (mte) representative of a highly polluted smelter soil. suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to construct cdna libraries enriched in up- or down-regulated transcripts in the immune-circulating cells of the coelomic cavities, namely coelomocytes, from worms exposed to metallic pollution. among 1536 ssh-derived cdna clones se ... | 2008 | 18634820 |
| changes in bacterial numbers and microbial activity of pig slurry during gut transit of epigeic and anecic earthworms. | in soils, organic matter decomposition and stabilization largely occur as a result of microbial activity, although when present, earthworms are important drivers of the processes through their interactions with microflora which begin during organic matter digestion by earthworms. here, we studied the effects of gut transit on the number of bacteria and the microbial activity in pig slurry, using three epigeic (eisenia fetida, eisenia andrei, eudrilus eugeniae) and one anecic (octodrilus complana ... | 2009 | 18639984 |
| vermistabilization of municipal sewage sludge amended with sugarcane trash using epigeic eisenia fetida (oligochaeta). | efforts have been made in this study to stabilize the sewage sludge mixed with sugarcane trash in four different proportions: 20% (t(1)); 40% (t(2)); 60% (t(3)) and 80% (t(4)), under laboratory conditions using epigeic earthworm (oligochaeta) eisenia fetida. the composting potential of worm was also evaluated in 100% sewage sludge treatment (t(5)). the changes in chemical properties of substrate was measured at the end. the vermicomposted material showed decrease in organic c (4.8-12.7%) and exc ... | 2009 | 18672324 |
| role of clay content in partitioning, uptake and toxicity of zinc in the earthworm eisenia fetida. | we studied the effect of clay content on the bioavailability of zinc to pre-clitellate earthworm, eisenia fetida in the laboratory using oecd artificial soil adjusted to 5%, 20%, and 40% clay. batches of worms were exposed to a wide range of zinc concentrations. mortality, growth, maturation (% clitellate), cocoon production, and body zinc concentrations were assessed over and after a period of 4 weeks. total, dtpa, and cacl(2) extractable zinc in the substrates were also determined. the results ... | 2009 | 18715644 |
| measuring and modelling mixture toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid on caenorhabditis elegans and eisenia fetida. | while the standard models of concentration addition and independent action predict overall toxicity of multicomponent mixtures reasonably, interactions may limit the predictive capability when a few compounds dominate a mixture. this study was conducted to test if statistically significant systematic deviations from concentration addition (i.e. synergism/antagonism, dose ratio- or dose level-dependency) occur when two taxonomically unrelated species, the earthworm eisenia fetida and the nematode ... | 2009 | 18723220 |
| metal remediation from partially composted distillery sludge using composting earthworm eisenia fetida. | distillery sludge, a sugar industry byproduct, has been recommended widely as a potential soil conditioner, but high concentrations of metals limit its continuous use for field crops. in this study we tested the feasibility of earthworm eisenia fetida (savigny) in removing metals (fe, cu, zn, pb) from sludge through vermitechnology. the transfer of metals during the vermicomposting process was also estimate in terms of total metal contents in vermicomposted sludge and earthworm tissues. the slud ... | 2008 | 18728904 |
| multi-isomorphous replacement phasing of the earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme component a from eisenia fetida. | earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme component a (efea) from eisenia fetida, a protein functioning not only as a direct fibrinolytic enzyme, but also as a plasminogen activator, has been crystallized in p2(1)2(1)2(1) space group with 3 protein molecules per asymmetric unit. four heavy atom derivatives were prepared using a mother liquor containing 1.4 mol . l(-1) li(2)so(4) and 0.1 mol . l(-1) mops buffer (ph7.2) and used to solve the protein's diffraction phase. the heavy atom binding sites in the der ... | 2003 | 18763141 |
| lysosomal membrane response of earthworm, eisenia fetida, to arsenic contamination in soils. | earthworm (eisenia fetida) were exposed to sandy soils contaminated with arsenate (0.01-0.3 micromol g(-1)) for 28 days. lysosomal membrane stability was used as a biomarker to determine the applicability of neutral-red retention times (nrrts) for arsenic (as) toxicity to earthworm in soils. total as and as speciation were analyzed to evaluate dose-response relationship between as accumulation and nrrts and to observe the role of as metabolism in earthworms on a subcellular level toxicity. signi ... | 2009 | 18825726 |
| the toxicity of ammonia/ammonium to the vermifiltration wastewater treatment process. | this study was undertaken to assess the toxicity of ammonia/ammonium to key species within the vermifiltration process. the key species, the earthworm eisenia fetida, was subjected to a series of tests in solid phase mesocosms and full-scale units. the solid phase tests showed a relatively low toxicity to ammonium with ammonium chloride having an lc50 for ammonium of 1.49 g/kg. ammonium sulfate did not show an effect on mortality at 2 g/kg ammonium. the full-scale units showed that ammonia hydro ... | 2008 | 18845859 |
| usefulness of dna barcoding in ecotoxicological investigations: resolving taxonomic uncertainties using eisenia malm 1877 as an example. | standard test species may differ in their response to toxicants. accurate identification of test organisms is therefore of critical importance in correctly interpreting data generated from laboratory assays. this is not always possible when species are morphologically similar or where the taxonomy of the group has recently been revised. a case in hand concerns eisenia sp. based on recent genetic evidence two species, eisenia andrei and eisenia fetida, which were previously considered a single sp ... | 2009 | 18949437 |
| impact of biotransformation and bioavailability on the toxicity of the insecticides alpha-cypermethrin and chlorfenvinphos in earthworm. | knowledge about the bioavailability and metabolism of pesticides in soil organisms facilitates interpretation of its toxicity in soil. the present study relates uptake kinetics and metabolism of two insecticides, the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin (alpha-cyp) and the organophosphate chlorfenvinphos (cfvp), in the earthworm eisenia fetida to their lethal and sublethal toxicity. experiments were conducted in two soils with different organic matter contents to provide media with contrasting sorption ... | 2008 | 18959415 |
| subacute effects of maize-expressed vaccine protein, escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit b (ltb), on the springtail, folsomia candida , and the earthworm, eisenia fetida. | the ecotoxicological effects of transgenic maize-expressed vaccine protein, escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit b (ltb), on two soil invertebrates were studied under laboratory settings. after being reared for 28 days on ltb-maize-treated soils, no apparent mortality of the springtail, folsomia candida , or the earthworm, eisenia fetida , was observed at levels well above conservatively projected estimated environmental concentrations. therefore, it is concluded that there would be ... | 2008 | 19012409 |
| an earthworm protease cleaving serum fibronectin and decreasing hbeag in hepg2.2.15 cells. | virus-binding activity is one of the important functions of fibronectin (fn). it has been reported that a high concentration of fn in blood improves the transmission frequency of hepatitis viruses. therefore, to investigate a protease that hydrolyzes fn rapidly is useful to decrease the fn concentration in blood and hbv infection. so far, however, no specific protease digesting fn in serum has been reported. | 2008 | 19025649 |
| immobilization of pentachlorophenol in soil using carbonaceous material amendments. | in this study, three pentachlorophenol (pcp) laboratory-spiked and one field-contaminated soil were amended with 2.0% char, humic acid (ha) and peat, respectively. the amended soils were aged for either 7 or 250 days. after amendment, cacl(2) extractability of pcp was significantly decreased. desorption kinetics indicated that the proposed amendment could lead to a strong binding and slow desorption of pcp in soils. amendment with char reduced the bioaccumulation factor (baf) of pcp most signifi ... | 2009 | 19028411 |
| genotoxic and reproductive effects of an industrially contaminated soil on the earthworm eisenia fetida. | polluted soil sampled from a former coking plant in lorraine (france) was studied for its genotoxicity and reproductive effects on the eisenia fetida earthworm. genotoxicity was investigated by means of the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay on the coelomocytes of earthworms after 4 and 10 days of exposure to the soil. dna damage and a decline in the number of coelomocytes extruded from earthworms were observed at coking plant soil concentrations of 20 and 40% (w/w) in iso soil. these ... | 2009 | 19031410 |
| comparative effects of cd and pb on biochemical response and dna damage in the earthworm eisenia fetida (annelida, oligochaeta). | there are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) on the environment in china. biochemical and comet assays were conducted on the earthworm eisenia fetida, a suitable bio-indicator organism for evaluating soil pollution after exposure to two heavy metals, cd and pb. protein content increased at low cd concentrations (p<0.05) and decreased at the highest concentration of 10 mg kg(-1), compared to control (p<0.05). pb showed an inhibitory effect on protein content ... | 2009 | 19059628 |
| nonexhaustive beta-cyclodextrin extraction as a chemical tool to estimate bioavailability of hydrophobic pesticides for earthworms. | chemical methods to assess bioavailability in soil and sediment often use synthetic polymers that mimic uptake of organic compounds in organisms or microbial degradation. in this paper we have assessed a biomimetic extraction method using hydroxyl-beta-cyclodextrin (hp-beta-cd) to estimate uptake of the two insecticides alpha-cypermethrin (alpha-cyp) and chlorfenvinphos (cfvp) in the earthworm eisenia fetida. additionally, a novel approach was developed to estimate the efficiency of biomimetic e ... | 2008 | 19068827 |
| neutron activation of engineered nanoparticles as a tool for tracing their environmental fate and uptake in organisms. | studies regarding the environmental impact of engineered nanoparticles (enps) are hampered by the lack of tools to localize and quantify enps in water, sediments, soils, and organisms. neutron activation of mineral enps offers the possibility of labeling enps in a way that avoids surface modification and permits both localization and quantification within a matrix or an organism. time-course experiments in vivo also may be conducted with small organisms to study metabolism and exposure, two aspe ... | 2008 | 19086315 |
| combined compost and vermicomposting process in the treatment and bioconversion of sludge. | traditional thermophillic composting is commonly for treatment of sludge. a related technique as vermicomposting process, using earthworms to breakdown sludge, is also becoming popular. these two techniques have their inherent advantages and disadvantages. the combined approach suggested in this study to enhance the overall process and improve the products qualities. two systems, vermicomposting and combined compost-vermicomposting processes, have been investigated in this study. the sludge used ... | 2007 | 19090260 |
| subcellular compartmentalization of lead in the earthworm, eisenia fetida: relationship to survival and reproduction. | metals are detoxified and sequestered into subcellular compartments when accumulated by earthworms. differential centrifugation was used to quantify subcellular pb in three separate studies to measure 14-day acute toxicity (lethality), 28/56-day reproductive effects, and 90-day bioaccumulation in spiked-soil exposed earthworms, eisenia fetida. observed toxicity and total body pb was consistent with published work of others. pb showed concentration-dependent toxicity relationships (lethality and ... | 2009 | 19193437 |
| avoidance behaviour of two eco-physiologically different earthworms (eisenia fetida and aporrectodea caliginosa) in natural and artificial saline soils. | we studied the avoidance behaviour of eisenia fetida and aporrectodea caliginosa in oecd artificial soil spiked with nacl and in natural saline soil (of varying ionic constitutions) collected from robertson experimental farm (robs) in western cape, south africa. for each organism, the ecotoxicological test was performed using a two-chamber test over a period of 48 h. the results showed that in the oecd soil, the avoidance ec50 (the concentration/electrical conductivity at which there is effect o ... | 2009 | 19211128 |