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effects of plant vascular architecture on aboveground-belowground-induced responses to foliar and root herbivores on nicotiana tabacum.herbivores induce systemic changes in plant traits, and the strength of these induced responses is often associated with the degree of vascular connectivity that links damaged and undamaged plant tissues. although this phenomenon is known to occur aboveground in leaves, it is unknown whether or not leaf-root induction similarly follows the vascular architecture of plants. to test for this possibility, we manipulated foliar and root herbivory on tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) by the leaf-chewing ins ...200818810552
molecular detection of nematicidal crystalliferous bacillus thuringiensis strains of iran and evaluation of their toxicity on free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes.the characterization of nematode-effective strains and cry genes in the iranian bacillus thuringiensis (bt) collection (70 isolates) is presented. characterization was based on pcr analysis using 12 specific primers for cry5, cry6, cry12, cry13, cry14, and cry21 genes encoding proteins active against nematodes, crystal morphology, and protein band patterns as well as their nematicidal activity on root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) and two free-living nematodes (chiloplacus tenuis and acr ...200818923549
detection and investigation of soil biological activity against meloidogyne incognita.greenhouse experiments with two susceptible hosts of meloidogyne incognita, a dwarf tomato and wheat, led to the identification of a soil in which the root-knot nematode population was reduced 5- to 16-fold compared to identical but pasteurized soil two months after infestation with 280 m. incognita j2/100 cm(3) soil. this suppressive soil was subjected to various temperature, fumigation and dilution treatments, planted with tomato, and infested with 1,000 eggs of m. incognita/100 cm(3) soil. ei ...200819259527
inter- and intra-specific cuticle variation between amphimictic and parthenogenetic species of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne spp.) as revealed by a bacterial parasite (pasteuria penetrans).specific host-parasite interactions exist between species and strains of plant parasitic root-knot nematodes and the gram-positive bacterial hyperparasite pasteuria penetrans. this bacterium produces endospores that adhere to the cuticle of migrating juveniles, germinate and colonise the developing female within roots. endospore attachment of p. penetrans populations to second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode species meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne hapla showed there were interact ...200818171577
an easy method using glutaraldehyde-introduced fluorescence for the microscopic analysis of plant biotrophic interactions.the method introduced in this article makes use of the glutaraldehyde-induced auto-fluorescence of proteins after cross-linking with glutaraldehyde for the analysis of cellular and sub-cellular structures. because the interface of biotrophic interactions is rich in proteins, the method presented is particularly suitable for the analysis of such interactions; we have exemplified its usefulness by analyzing (1) the root feeding sites induced in roots from arabidopsis thaliana by the root-knot nema ...200818778431
potential of olive mill waste and compost as biobased pesticides against weeds, fungi, and nematodes.the phytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of olive mill wastes have been widely investigated and demonstrated over the past decade. however, their potential utilization as biodegradable pesticides against plant pathogens is still poorly understood. in this study, a series of laboratory bioassays was designed to test the inhibitory effects of sterile water extracts of two-phase olive mill waste (tpomw) and tpomw composts with different degrees of stabilization on several different plant pathoge ...200818471866
papain-like cysteine proteases: key players at molecular battlefields employed by both plants and their invaders.papain-like cysteine proteases (plcps) play crucial roles in plant-pathogen/pest interactions. during these parasitic interactions, plcps act on non-self substrates, provoking the selection of counteracting inhibitors and other means to evade proteolysis. we review examples of plcps acting on molecular battlefields in the extracellular space, plant cytoplasm and herbivore gut. examples are maize mir1 (maize inbred resistance 1), tomato rcr3 (required for cladosporium resistance-3), pseudomonas a ...200818705889
potentiality of different isolates of wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum collected from rhizosphere of tomato against root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.this investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of culture filtrates of different isolates of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on mortality of meloidogyne incognita juveniles and egg hatching. it was observed that different concentrations including standard extract (s.e), 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions of all fungal filtrates inhibited egg hatch when compared with control. minimum mortality and maximum hatching was observed in brt (showing least mortality) isolate of f. oxysporum, while ...200818941992
a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, paenibacillus polymyxa strain gbr-1, suppresses root-knot nematode.exposure of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita to various concentrations (5-100%) of culture filtrate of paenibacillus polymyxa gbr-1 under in vitro conditions significantly reduced egg hatch and caused substantial mortality of its juveniles. the increase in the exposure durations of juveniles to culture filtrate and its concentrations increased the mortality rate. similarly, higher concentrations increased its inhibitory effect on egg hatch. in higher concentrations (25-100%) egg hatch w ...200817706411
nematicidal prenylated flavanones from phyllanthus niruri.two prenylated flavanones have been isolated from the hexane extract of phyllanthus niruri plant. the structure of these flavanones were established as 8-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-2-phenyl chroman-4-one (1) and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-chroman-4-one (2) on the basis of spectral analysis. these were evaluated for nematicidal activity against root-knot, meloidogyne incognita, and reniform, rotylenchulus reniformis, nematodes. compound 2 exhibited nematicidal activity at par with the ...200817904597
effect of application timing and method on efficacy and phytotoxicity of 1,3-d, chloropicrin and metam-sodium combinations in squash plasticulture.metam-sodium, 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) and chloropicrin are widely used soil fumigants. combined application of metam-sodium and 1,3-d + chloropicrin is intended to improve efficacy and broaden spectrum of control, but little is known about the effect on crop safety. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of application timing of fumigant combinations on soilborne pest and disease control (nematodes, soil fungi and weeds) and growth of squash. two separate tests with chisel-injected and dri ...200818181144
spread of rotylenchulus reniformis in an arkansas cotton field over a four-year period.rotylenchulus reniformis was first detected in a single grid (100 m(2)) in may 2001 in a cotton field in ashley county, ar, that was being utilized to evaluate the utility of grid-sampling for detection of meloidogyne incognita. a total of 512 grids were sampled in the 6-ha field in the spring and fall for four years (2001 - 2004), nematode populations were determined for each grid, and nematode population density maps were constructed utilizing global positioning systems and geographic informat ...200819440255
plant-herbivore-carnivore interactions in cotton, gossypium hirsutum: linking belowground and aboveground.most studies on plant-herbivore interactions focus on either root or shoot herbivory in isolation, but above- and belowground herbivores may interact on a shared host plant. cotton (gossypium spp.) produces gossypol and a variety of other gossypol-like terpenoids that exhibit toxicity to a wide range of herbivores and pathogens. cotton plants also can emit herbivore-induced volatile compounds at the site of damage and systemically on all tissues above the site of damage. as these volatile compou ...200818709506
dose-response effects of clove oil from syzygium aromaticum on the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.clove oil, derived from the plant syzygium aromaticum (l.) merr. & perry, is active against various organisms, and was prepared in a soy lecithin/detergent formulation to determine concentrations active against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood.200818080287
maize 9-lipoxygenase zmlox3 controls development, root-specific expression of defense genes, and resistance to root-knot nematodes.root-knot nematodes (rkn) are severe pests of maize. although lipoxygenase (lox) pathways and their oxylipin products have been implicated in plant-nematode interactions, prior to this report there was no conclusive genetic evidence for the function of any plant lox gene in such interactions. we showed that expression of a maize 9-lox gene, zmlox3, increased steadily and peaked at 7 days after inoculation with meloidogyne incognita rkn. mu-insertional lox3-4 mutants displayed increased attractiv ...200818052887
a transgressive segregation factor (rkn2) in gossypium barbadense for nematode resistance clusters with gene rkn1 in g. hirsutum.host plant resistance is an important strategy for managing root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) in cotton (gossypium l.). here we report evidence for enhanced resistance in interspecific crosses resulting from transgressive segregation of clustered gene loci. recently, a major gene, rkn1, on chromosome 11 for resistance to m. incognita in cv. acala nemx was identified using an intraspecific g. hirsutum cross with susceptible cv. acala sj-2. using interspecific crosses of acala nemxxsuscep ...200817940800
genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita.plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. we report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. this suggests that ancient allelic regions in m. incognita are evolving toward ...200818660804
evaluation of the effect of ecologic on root knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, and tomato plant, lycopersicon esculenum.nonchemical methods and strategies for nematode management including cultural methods and engineered measures have been recommended as an alternative to methyl bromide (a major soil fumigant), due to its role in the depletion of the ozone layer. hence, an international agreement has recently been reached calling for its reduced consumption and complete phasing out. this present research evaluates the potential of ecologic, a biological, marine shell meal chitin material, as a soil amendment mana ...200818678924
nutsedge counts predict meloidogyne incognita juvenile counts in an integrated management system.the southern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita), yellow nutsedge (cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (cyperus rotundus) are important pests in crops grown in the southern us. management of the individual pests rather than the pest complex is often unsuccessful due to mutually beneficial pest interactions. in an integrated pest management scheme using alfalfa to suppress nutsedges and m. incognita, we evaluated quadratic polynomial regression models for prediction of the number of m. ...200819259526
exposure time to lethal temperatures for meloidogyne incognita suppression and its implication for soil solarization.meloidogyne incognita eggs or j2 were incubated in test tubes containing sand:peat mix and immersed in a water bath heated to 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 and 45 degrees c for a series of time intervals. controls were maintained at 22 degrees c. nematodes surviving or hatching were collected from baermann trays after three weeks of incubation. regression analyses between percent survival or egg hatch and hours of heat treatment were performed for each temperature. complete suppression of egg hatch ...200819259512
host plant response of burrowing nematode resistant musa genotypes to the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita. 200818831278
pentacyclic triterpenoids from the aerial parts of lantana camara and their nematicidal activity.two new olean-12-ene triterpenoids, camarolic acid (1) and lantrigloylic acid (2), have been isolated from the aerial parts of lantana camara, along with ten known triterpenes, namely, camaric acid, lantanolic acid, lantanilic acid, pomolic acid, camarinic acid, lantoic acid, camarin, lantacin, camarinin, and ursolic acid. the new compounds have been characterized as 3,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-22beta-{[(s)-3-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoyl]oxy}olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and 3,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydro ...200818816515
plant-nematode interactions: environmental signals detected by the nematode's chemosensory organs control changes in the surface cuticle and behaviour.plant parasitic nematodes have developed the capacity to sense and respond to chemical signals of host origin and the ability to orientate towards plant roots enhances the nematode's chance of survival. root exudates contain a range of compounds which mediate belowground interactions with pathogenic and beneficial soil organisms. chemical components of root exudates may deter one organism while attracting another and these compounds alter nematode behaviour and can either attract nematodes to th ...200818814700
alternate row placement is ineffective for cultural control of meloidogyne incognita in cotton.the objective of this study was to determine if planting cotton into the space between the previous year's rows reduces crop loss due to meloidogyne incognita compared to planting in the same row every year. row placement had a significant (p </= 0.05) effect on nematode population levels only on 8 july 2005. plots receiving 1,3-dichloropropene plus aldicarb had lower nematode population levels than non-fumigated plots on 24 may and 8 july in 2005, but not in 2004. the effect of nematicide treat ...200819440259
effect of a terminated cover crop and aldicarb on cotton yield and meloidogyne incognita population density.terminated small grain cover crops are valuable in light textured soils to reduce wind and rain erosion and for protection of young cotton seedlings. a three-year study was conducted to determine the impact of terminated small grain winter cover crops, which are hosts for meloidogyne incognita, on cotton yield, root galling and nematode midseason population density. the small plot test consisted of the cover treatment as the main plots (winter fallow, oats, rye and wheat) and rate of aldicarb ap ...200819259531
biocontrol of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita damaging queen palm, livistona rotundifolia using trichoderma species.livistona rotundifolia is a widely grown queen palm in all the net houses of floriculture industries in sri lanka. it is grown to an extent of 10,000 mz in green farms ltd, marawilla under shade net house. root knot nematode is one among the key pests of queen palms and causes heavy loss in the queen palm industry. queen palm is grown in a coir based compost media under sprinkler irrigation. management of nematodes using chemicals is impractical due the non availability and selectivity of the ne ...200819226812
larvicidal and nematicidal activities of the leaf essential oil of croton regelianus.the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of croton regelianus collected from wild plants growing in two different sites at ceará state (brazil) was analyzed by gc/ms and gc-fid. twenty monoterpenoids, representing more than 96% of the chemical composition of the oils, were identified and quantified. the oils showed similar chemical composition but considerable variation in the levels of each constituent. ascaridole (33.9-17.0%), p-cymene (22.3-21.6%), and camphor (13.0-3.1%) were the p ...200819089831
meloidogyne incognita: molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding a cathepsin d-like aspartic proteinase.herein we describe the cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding an aspartic proteinase from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. using pcr techniques, a 1471-bp cdna fragment encoding a cathepsin d-like (mi-asp1) transcript was isolated from second-stage larvae mrna. its predicted amino acid sequence comprises a pro-region of 71 amino acid residues and a mature protease of 378 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 41.502kda. protein sequence comparisons of mi-asp ...200918952081
analysis of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) root proteomes during a compatible interaction with the black root rot fungus thielaviopsis basicola.a proteomic approach was used to uncover the inducible molecular defense mechanism of cotton root occurring during the compatible interaction with thielaviopsis basicola. microscopic observation of cotton root inoculated with a suspension of conidia showed that this necrotrophic hemibiotroph fungus interacts with the plant and completes its life cycle in our experimental system. 2-de analysis of root extracts taken after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation and cluster analysis of the protein exp ...200919105169
cloning, sequence, and expression analysis of a new mnsod-encoding gene from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.a gene encoding a manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) enzyme (mi-mnsod) was identified and characterized in second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. the mi-mnsod gene was found to possess five exons and four introns with (gt/ag) consensus splice-site junctions. the deduced amino acid sequence of mi-mnsod encodes a putative 25 kda protein, with conserved amino acid residues of the mnsod family, including the parker-blake signature and four metal-binding sites. th ...200922661777
virulence development and genetic polymorphism in meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood after prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of nematicides and continuous growing of resistant tomato cultivars.the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood, is an important plant pathogen damaging to tomato. continuous use of resistant tomato cultivars and nematicides for its effective management might lead to resistance break-up or nematicide failure. genetic variability and virulence in m. incognita on susceptible pusa ruby tomato were analysed by bioassay, esterase and dna polymorphism after a 5 year weekly exposure to carbofuran, carbosulfan, cadusafos and triazophos at 0.0 ...200919562824
the multi-year effects of repeatedly growing cotton with moderate resistance to meloidogyne incognita.meloidogyne incognita causes more damage to cotton in the us than any other pathogen. the objective of this study was to document the cumulative effect of moderate resistance on m. incognita population density, root galling, and yield suppression in the southern united states on a moderately resistant cotton genotype grown continuously for three years. cotton genotypes were phytogen ph98-3196 (77% suppression of m. incognita), acala nemx (85% suppression of m. incognita), and delta and pine land ...200922661787
distribution and identification of root-knot nematodes from turkey.root knot nematodes are causing serious losses in protected cultivation fields in the west mediterranean region of turkey. correct and confident identification of the plant parasitic nematodes is important for vegetable growing and breeding. therefore, ninety-five populations of plant parasitic nematodes were collected from regional greenhouses. previously described species-specific primers were used to identify meloidogyne populations. the present study indicated that sec-1f/sec-1r and inck14f- ...200922661785
[steroid furostanol glycosides: a new class of natural adaptogenes (review)].the present review summarizes experimental data revealed while studying the mechanism of the adaptogenic effect of furostanol glycosides (fg) extracted from dioscorea deltoidea wall cell culture under the conditions of biotic stress in tomato plants lycopersicon esculenium mill. induced by the gall nematode meloidogyne incognita kofoid et white. comparison of changes in isoprene content (phytosterines, tomatin, and carotenoids) and in the rate of oxidative processes in the leaves and roots of in ...200919845281
microwave assisted solvent-free synthesis and biological activities of novel imines (schiff bases).twelve new ortho-hydroxyketimines were synthesized by conventional as well as microwave method and evaluated for their antinemic activity against meloidogyne incognita [(kofoid and white) chitwood]. conventional methods for synthesis of schiff bases require refluxing at 140 degrees c of the reactants in different solvents for at least 24 h or more, where as the microwave-assisted synthesis has brought down the reaction time from 24 h to 1 minute. the procedure reported is simple as it does not r ...200920183046
modular architecture and evolution of the map-1 gene family in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.in eukaryotes, repeat proteins (i.e. proteins that contain a tandem arrangement of repeated structural elements) are often considered as an extra source of variability, and gains and losses of repeats may be an important force driving the evolution and diversification of such proteins, that could allow fast adaptation to new environments. here, we report genomic sequences of the map-1 protein family from of the asexual, plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita. the encoded proteins exhibit ...200919787376
brassicaceous seed meals as soil amendments to suppress the plant-parasitic nematodes pratylenchus penetrans and meloidogyne incognita.brassicaceous seed meals are the residual materials remaining after the extraction of oil from seeds; these seed meals contain glucosinolates that potentially degrade to nematotoxic compounds upon incorporation into soil. this study compared the nematode-suppressive ability of four seed meals obtained from brassica juncea 'pacific gold', b. napus 'dwarf essex' and 'sunrise', and sinapis alba 'idagold', against mixed stages of pratylenchus penetrans and meloidogyne incognita second-stage juvenile ...200922736818
european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) stalk tunneling on root-knot nematode (tylenchida: heteroderidae) fitness on corn.greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2004-2006 to examine the reciprocal effects of aboveground herbivory by european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), and belowground herbivory by root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita chitwood (tylenchida: heteroderidae), on one another at three corn, zea mays l., growth stages. two experiments were conducted to study the effect of aboveground herbivory by o. nubilalis on the number of m. incognita juvenile penetration/ro ...200919449640
plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, paenibacillus polymyxa and paenibacillus lentimorbus suppress disease complex caused by root-knot nematode and fusarium wilt fungus.to screen and evaluate the biocontrol potential of paenibacillus strains against disease complex caused by meloidogyne incognita and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici interactions.200919457027
nematicidal activity of paecilomyces spp. and isolation of a novel active compound.many species of paecilomyces are entomogenous fungi and several are efficacious toward nematodes. to study the potential of paecilomyces species in controlling nematodes, fungal extracts of 40 paecilomyces spp. were evaluated for their nematicidal activity against bursaphelenchus xylophilus and panagrellus redivivus. the extracts of six paecilomyces spp. exhibited the nematicidal activity against p. redivivus, and 11 species exhibited the nematicidal activity against b. xylophilus. the methanol ...200919557340
phenotypic and molecular evaluation of cotton hairy roots as a model system for studying nematode resistance.agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) hairy roots were evaluated as a model system for studying molecular cotton-nematode interactions. hairy root cultures were developed from the root-knot nematode (rkn) (meloidogyne incognita [kofoid and white] chitwood, race 3)-resistant breeding line m315 and from the reniform nematode (rn) (rotylenchulus reniformis linford & oliveira)-resistant accession gb713 (g. barbadense l.) and compared to a nematode-susceptible culture derive ...200919578854
characterization and gene cloning of a novel serine protease with nematicidal activity from trichoderma pseudokoningii smf2.trichoderma pseudokoningii smf2 is a biocontrol fungus with inhibitory ability against phytopathogenic fungi. here, a crude extract of strain smf2 in a solid ferment exhibited strong nematicidal activity against meloidogyne incognita, and a novel serine protease sprt with nematicidal activity was purified from the crude extract. protease sprt has a molecular mass of 31 kda, a ph optimum of 8.5, and a temperature optimum of 60-65 degrees c. it had good thermostability, and was stable in an alkali ...200919702879
biocontrol of meloidogyne incognita on tomato using antagonistic fungi, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and cattle manure.biocontrol achieved by a single biocontrol agent is generally inconsistent under field conditions. the aim of the present study was to increase the competitiveness and efficacy of biocontrol agents by using them together with cattle manure.200919431151
management of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita in carrot.the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognito, remains to be one of the most important constraints in agricultural production worldwide. however, reports showed that root-knot nematode (rkn) population can be suppressed by addition of organic amendments. a greenhouse microplot experiment was conducted to determine if locally available organic amendments would reduce rkn population and improve the growth and yield of more susceptible and less susceptible carrot cultivars in comparison with the fa ...200920222624
effect of nemacur, an organophosphate nematicide, on meloidogyne incognita and its possible mode of action. 20092820870
toxicity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg) to plant-parasitic and bacterial-feeding nematodes.the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg) is produced by some isolates of the beneficial bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens. dapg is toxic to many organisms, and crop yield increases have been reported after application of dapg-producing p. fluorescens. this study was conducted to determine whether dapg is toxic to selected nematodes. the plant-parasitic nematodes heterodera glycines, meloidogyne incognita, pratylenchus scribneri and xiphinema americanum, and the bacterial-feeding nematode ...200922736826
effect of a formulation of bacillus firmus on root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita infestation and the growth of tomato plants in the greenhouse and nursery.bacillus firmus, commercial wp formulation (bionem) was evaluated against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita in a laboratory, greenhouse and under field conditions on tomato plants. in the laboratory tests, an aqueous suspension of bionem at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% concentration reduced egg hatching from 98% to 100%, 24-days after treatment. treatment of second-stage juveniles with 2.5% and 3% concentration of bionem, caused 100% inhibition of mobility, 24 h after treatment. in the green ...200919041655
decomposers and root feeders interactively affect plant defence in sinapis alba.aboveground herbivory is well known to change plant growth and defence. in contrast, effects of soil organisms, acting alone or in concert, on allocation patterns are less well understood. we investigated separate and combined effects of the endogeic earthworm species aporrectodea caliginosa and the root feeding nematode species pratylenchus penetrans and meloidogyne incognita on plant responses including growth and defence metabolite concentrations in leaves of white mustard, sinapis alba. soil ...200919252930
purification and characterization of chitinases from paecilomyces variotii dg-3 parasitizing on meloidogyne incognita eggs.two extracellular chitinases were purified from paecilomyces variotii dg-3, a chitinase producer and a nematode egg-parasitic fungus, to homogeneity by deae sephadex a-50 and sephadex g-100 chromatography. the purified enzymes were a monomer with an apparent molecular mass of 32 kda (chi32) and 46 kda (chi46), respectively, and showed chitinase activity bands with 0.01% glycol chitin as a substrate after sds-page. the first 20 and 15 n-terminal amino acid sequences of chi32 and chi46 were determ ...200918936994
using fame analysis to compare, differentiate, and identify multiple nematode species.we have adapted the sherlock(®) microbial identification system for identification of plant parasitic nematodes based on their fatty acid profiles. fatty acid profiles of 12 separate plant parasitic nematode species have been determined using this system. additionally, separate profiles have been developed for rotylenchulus reniformis and meloidogyne incognita based on their host plant, four species and three races within the meloidogyne genus, and three life stages of heterodera glycines. stati ...200922736811
non-nematode-derived double-stranded rnas induce profound phenotypic changes in meloidogyne incognita and globodera pallida infective juveniles.nine non-nematode-derived double-stranded rnas (dsrnas), designed for use as controls in rna interference (rnai) screens of neuropeptide targets, were found to induce aberrant phenotypes and an unexpected inhibitory effect on motility of root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita j2s following 24h soaks in 0.1 mg/ml dsrna; a simple soaking procedure which we have found to elicit profound knockdown of neuronal targets in globodera pallida j2s. we have established that this inhibitory phenomenon is ...200919482028
vx211, a vigorous new walnut hybrid clone with nematode tolerance and a useful resistance mechanism.vx211 is a highly vigorous paradox hybrid clone that outgrew other walnut seedlings in the presence of nematodes. a four-year macroplot trial involving paradox vx211 and a standard paradox selection, ax1, demonstrated that the damage threshold level of pratylenchus vulnus on commercially available walnut rootstocks is < 1 nematode/250 cm³ of soil. using 1 as the initial population level (pi) within an inoculation zone of 80 l of soil, the p. vulnus population level increased 2,500-fold in the fi ...200922736816
evaluation of an antibiotic-producing strain of pseudomonas fluorescens for suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes.the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg), produced by some strains of pseudomonas spp., is involved in suppression of several fungal root pathogens as well as plant-parasitic nematodes. the primary objective of this study was to determine whether wood1r, a d-genotype strain of dapg-producing p. fluorescens, suppresses numbers of both sedentary and migratory plant-parasitic nematodes. an experiment was conducted in steam-heated soil and included two seed treatments (with wood1r and a cont ...200922736820
actin-depolymerizing factor2-mediated actin dynamics are essential for root-knot nematode infection of arabidopsis.reorganization of the actin and microtubule networks is known to occur in targeted vascular parenchymal root cells upon infection with the nematode meloidogyne incognita. here, we show that actin-depolymerizing factor (adf) is upregulated in the giant feeding cells of arabidopsis thaliana that develop upon nematode infection and that knockdown of a specific adf isotype inhibits nematode proliferation. analysis of the levels of transcript and the localization of seven adf genes shows that five ar ...200919794115
the genomes of root-knot nematodes.plant-parasitic nematodes are the most destructive group of plant pathogens worldwide and are extremely challenging to control. the recent completion of two root-knot nematode genomes opens the way for a comparative genomics approach to elucidate the success of these parasites. sequencing revealed that meloidogyne hapla, a diploid that reproduces by facultative, meiotic parthenogenesis, encodes approximately 14,200 genes in a compact, 54 mpb genome. indeed, this is the smallest metazoan genome c ...200919400640
characterization of a putative endoxylanase in the migratory plant-parasitic nematode radopholus similis.plant-parasitic nematodes have developed an arsenal of enzymes to degrade the rigid plant cell wall. in this article, we report the presence of a putative endoxylanase in the migratory endoparasitic nematode radopholus similis. this enzyme is thought to facilitate the migration of the nematode, as it breaks down xylan, the major component of hemicellulose. the corresponding gene (rs-xyl1) was cloned and the sequence revealed three small introns. interestingly, the position of all three introns w ...200919400841
host status of endophyte-infected and noninfected tall fescue grass to meloidogyne spp.tall fescue grass cultivars with or without endophytes were evaluated for their susceptibility to meloidogyne incognita in the greenhouse. tall fescue cultivars evaluated included, i) wild-type jesup (e+, ergot-producing endophyte present), ii) endophyte-free jesup (e-, no endophyte present), iii) jesup (max-q, non-ergot producing endophyte) and iv) georgia 5 (e+). peach was included as the control. peach supported greater (p ≤ 0.05) reproduction of m. incognita than all tall fescue cultivars. d ...201022736851
cytotoxic tirucallane triterpenoids from melia azedarach fruits.the phytochemical investigation of the dichloromethane-soluble part of the methanol extract obtained from the fruits of melia azedarach afforded one new tirucallane-type triterpene, 3-alpha-tigloylmelianol and three known tirucallanes, melianone, 21-beta-acetoxy-melianone, and methyl kulonate. the structure of the isolated compounds was mainly determined by 1d and 2d nmr experiments as well as hplc-q-tof mass spectrometry. the cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds toward the human lung adenocar ...201020802401
evaluation of amino acids as turfgrass nematicides.laboratory experiments revealed that dl-methionine, sodium methionate, potassium methionate, and methionine hydroxyl analog at rates of 224 and 448 kg amino acid/ha reduced the number of belonolaimus longicaudatus mixed life-stages and meloidogyne incognita j2 in soil, whereas l-threonine and lysine were not effective in reducing the number of either nematode. futhermore, greenhouse experiments demonstrated that dl-methionine, sodium methionate, potassium methionate, and methionine hydroxyl anal ...201022736861
short interfering rna-mediated gene silencing in globodera pallida and meloidogyne incognita infective stage juveniles.the analysis of gene function through rna interference (rnai)-based reverse genetics in plant parasitic nematodes (ppns) remains inexplicably reliant on the use of long double-stranded rna (dsrna) silencing triggers; a practice inherently disadvantageous due to the introduction of superfluous dsrna sequence, increasing chances of aberrant or off-target gene silencing through interactions between nascent short interfering rnas (sirnas) and non-cognate mrna targets. recently, we have shown that no ...201019651131
relationships between initial population densities of meloidogyne incognita race 2 and nematode population development in terms of variable soybean resistance.the effect of increasing initial population density levels (pi) of meloidogyne incognita race 2 on nematode population development and yield of a susceptible (prima2000) and resistant (ls5995) soybean cultivar was investigated. two experiments, one in a hail net cage and one in microplots, were conducted one each during two consecutive growing seasons at potchefstroom in the north west province of south africa. nematode reproduction was assessed by determining the number of eggs and second-stage ...201022736837
management of root knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita in cucumber (cucumis sativus) using silicon.silicon (si) has been reported to effectively manage some pests and diseases of plants. this study was conducted to determine the effect of si concentration, mode, and frequency of application in managing meloidogyne incognita in cucumber. a susceptible cultivar of cucumber (cv. cyclone) was planted in pots containing heat-sterilized soil. three weeks after planting, the plants were inoculated with 1,000 juveniles/ pot. uninoculated plants were provided to serve as control. three concentrations ...201021539270
enhancing the virulence of paecilomyces lilacinus against meloidogyne incognita eggs by overexpression of a serine protease.to enhance the virulence of paecilomyces lilacinus against meloidogyne incognita eggs, a serine protease was overexpressed in p. lilacinus 9410 (pl9410). the cdna of a mature serine protease gene was cloned from pl9410 and integrated into the genomes of pl9410 transformants through agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. our results confirmed that the serine protease gene was overexpressed at the transcriptional level, and that the serine protease activities were enhanced in the trans ...201020473777
chemotaxis can take plant-parasitic nematodes to the source of a chemo-attractant via the shortest possible routes.it has long been recognized that chemotaxis is the primary means by which nematodes locate host plants. nonetheless, chemotaxis has received scant attention. we show that chemotaxis is predicted to take nematodes to a source of a chemo-attractant via the shortest possible routes through the labyrinth of air-filled or water-filled channels within a soil through which the attractant diffuses. there are just two provisos: (i) all of the channels through which the attractant diffuses are accessible ...201020880854
genome-wide survey and analysis of microsatellites in nematodes, with a focus on the plant-parasitic species meloidogyne incognita.microsatellites are the most popular source of molecular markers for studying population genetic variation in eukaryotes. however, few data are currently available about their genomic distribution and abundance across the phylum nematoda. the recent completion of the genomes of several nematode species, including meloidogyne incognita, a major agricultural pest worldwide, now opens the way for a comparative survey and analysis of microsatellites in these organisms.201020973953
toward a mechanistic understanding of competition in vascular-feeding herbivores: an empirical test of the sink competition hypothesis.recent evidence suggests that competitive interactions among herbivores are mostly indirect and mediated by plant responses to herbivory. most studies, however, emphasize chewing insects and secondary chemistry, thus ignoring the diverse group of vascular-parasites that may be more likely to compete through induced changes in phytonutrients. using an aboveground phloem-feeding aphid (myzus persicae) and a belowground gall-forming nematode (meloidogyne incognita) on tobacco plants, we assessed th ...201021181415
nematodetoxic aurovertin-type metabolites from a root-knot nematode parasitic fungus pochonia chlamydosporia.chemical investigation of one fungal strain p. chlamydosporia ymf 1.00613 isolated from root knots of tobacco infected by meloidogyne incognita led to the isolation and identification of four aurovertin-type metabolites, which include a new compound, aurovertin i (a1), and three known metabolites, aurovertins e, f and d (a2-a4). their structures were established by spectroscopic studies such as 1d- and 2d-nmr and ms analysis. aurovertin i (a1) is the first natural product with an aurovertin skel ...201020000774
persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.the productivity of chickpea, cicer arietinum (l.), and tomato, solanum lycopersicum (l.), is adversely affected by root-knot nematode, meloidogyne species. nematode-resistant chickpea and tomato are lacking except for a few varieties and therefore grower demand is not met. the available nematicides, namely, carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos, were, therefore evaluated for their efficacy and persistence in soil and crops to devise nematode management decisions. in alluvial soil, cad ...201020085277
purification, characterization and molecular cloning of a monocot mannose-binding lectin from remusatia vivipara with nematicidal activity.a mannose-binding lectin (rvl) was purified from the tubers of remusatia vivipara, a monocot plant by single-step affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-sepharose 4b. rvl agglutinated only rabbit erythrocytes and was inhibited by mucin, asialomucin, asialofetuin and thyroglobulin. lectin activity was stable up to 80 degrees c and under wide range of ph (2.0-9.3). sds-page and gel filtration results showed the lectin is a homotetramer of mr 49.5 kda, but maldi analysis showed two distinct peaks ...201020213246
development and evaluation of robust molecular markers linked to disease resistance in tomato for distinctness, uniformity and stability testing.molecular markers linked to phenotypically important traits are of great interest especially when traits are difficult and/or costly to be observed. in tomato where a strong focus on resistance breeding has led to the introgression of several resistance genes, resistance traits have become important characteristics in distinctness, uniformity and stability (dus) testing for plant breeders rights (pbr) applications. evaluation of disease traits in biological assays is not always straightforward b ...201019855951
nematicidal carboxylic acids and aldehydes from melia azedarach fruits.melia azedarach is a species gaining scientific interest mostly concerning its range of biological activities against agricultural target pests. the nematicidal melia methanol extract (mme) obtained from the fruits, acting against the phytonematode meloidogyne incognita , is herein reported to contain hexadecanoic, acetic, and hexanoic acids as well as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-methylfurfural, and furfurol. all compounds were tested individually for nematicidal activity against the ne ...201020925380
geostatistical modeling of the spatial variability and risk areas of southern root-knot nematodes in relation to soil properties.identifying the spatial variability and risk areas for southern root-knot nematode [meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood] (rkn) is key for site-specific management (ssm) of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) fields. the objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the soil properties that influence rkn occurrence at different scales; and (ii) delineate risk areas of rkn by indicator kriging. the study site was a cotton field located in the southeastern coastal plain region of the usa. ...201020717481
combining maxratio analysis with real-time pcr and its potential application for the prediction of meloidogyne incognita in field samples.diagnosing and quantifying plant-parasitic nematodes is critical for efficient nematode management. several studies have been performed intending to demonstrate nematode quantification via real-time quantitative pcr. however, most of the studies used dilution of dna templates to make standard curves, while few studies used samples with different nematode numbers to make the standard curve, resulting in a high standard error. the objective of the present study was to develop a high quality standa ...201022736853
the potential of five winter-grown crops to reduce root-knot nematode damage and increase yield of tomato.broccoli (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), marigold (tagetes patula), nematode-resistant tomato (solanum lycopersicum), and strawberry (fragaria ananassa) were grown for three years during the winter in a root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) infested field in southern california. each year in the spring, the tops of all crops were shredded and incorporated in the soil. amendment with poultry litter was included as a sub-treatment. the soil was then covered with clear plastic for ...201022736848
nematicidal natural products from the aerial parts of rubus niveus.studies on the aerial parts of rubus niveus yielded six known compounds, 3,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid c(7)h(6)o(4), (1), gallic acid c(7)h(6)o(5) (2), ethyl galactoside (3), oleanolic acid (4), beta-sitosterol (5) and 3-o-[beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(12)-d-glucopyranoside (6). besides this, a gallic acid derivative with methyl substitution was synthesised as tetramethyl gallate (3). together with this derivative, compounds 1, 2, the alcohol soluble, chloroform soluble and petroleum ether soluble extr ...201020306362
effects of a novel pathogenesis-related class 10 (pr-10) protein from crotalaria pallida roots with papain inhibitory activity against root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.a novel pathogenesis-related class 10 (pr-10) protein with papain inhibitory activity, named cppri, was purified from crotalaria pallida roots by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by three reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographies (hplcs). cppri is made up of a single polypeptide chain with a m(r) of 15 kda, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). this protein exhibited a k(i) value of 1.8 x 10(-9) m and operates via a noncompetit ...201020199085
short interfering rna-mediated knockdown of drosha and pasha in undifferentiated meloidogyne incognita eggs leads to irregular growth and embryonic lethality.micro-(mi)rnas play a pivotal role in the developmental regulation of plants and animals. we reasoned that disruption of normal heterochronic activity in differentiating meloidogyne incognita eggs may lead to irregular development, lethality and by extension, represent a novel target for parasite control. on silencing the nuclear rnase iii enzyme drosha, a critical effector of mirna maturation in animals, we found a significant inhibition of normal development and hatching in short interfering ( ...201020398669
strip-tilled cover cropping for managing nematodes, soil mesoarthropods, and weeds in a bitter melon agroecosystem.a field trial was conducted to examine whether strip-tilled cover cropping followed by living mulch practice could suppress root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) and enhance beneficial nematodes and other soil mesofauna, while suppressing weeds throughout two vegetable cropping seasons. sunn hemp (sh), crotalaria juncea, and french marigold (mg), tagetes patula, were grown for three months, strip-tilled, and bitter melon (momordica charantia) seedlings were transplanted into the tilled stri ...201022736847
effect of mowing cotton stalks and preventing plant re-growth on post-harvest reproduction of meloidogyne incognita.the southern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) is a major parasite of cotton in the u.s., and management tactics for this nematode attempt to minimize population levels. we compared three post-harvest practices for their ability to reduce nematode population levels in the field, thereby reducing initial nematode population for the next year's crop. the three practices tested were: 1) chemical defoliation before harvest plus cutting cotton stalks after harvest, 2) chemical defoliation pl ...201022736845
nematicidal natural products from the aerial parts of buddleja crispa.studies on the aerial parts of buddleja crispa yielded 13 known compounds, nonyl benzoate, hexyl p-hydroxy-cinnamate, ginipin, gardiol, 1-heptacosanol, steroidal galactoside (22 r)-stigmasta-7,9 (11)-dien-22 beta-ol-3beta-o-beta-d-galactopyranoside, 3-methoxy benzoic acid, beta-sitosterol and ursolic acid. besides this two iridoid galactosides buddlejosides a, buddlejosides b and a benzofuran-type sesquiterpene buddlejone have been isolated from the etoac fraction of b. crispa. together with the ...201020461624
fmrfamide-like peptides in root knot nematodes and their potential role in nematode physiology.fmrfamide-like peptides (flps) are a diverse group of neuropeptides that are expressed abundantly in nematodes. they exert potent physiological effects on locomotory, feeding and reproductive musculature and also act as neuromodulators. however, little is known about the specific expression patterns and functions of individual peptides. the current study employed rapid amplification of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr) to characterize flp genes from infective juveniles of the root k ...201019843350
inheritance of resistance to meloidoygne incognita in primitive cotton accessions from mexico.few sources of resistance to root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne incognita) in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) have been utilized to develop resistant cultivars, making this resistance vulnerable to virulence in the pathogen population. the objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of resistance in five primitive accessions of g. hirsutum (tx1174, tx1440, tx2076, tx2079, and tx2107) and to determine allelic relations with the genes for resistance in the genotypes clevewilt-6 (cw ...201022736869
fine mapping qmi-c11 a major qtl controlling root-knot nematodes resistance in upland cotton.the identification and utilization of a high-level of host plant resistance is the most effective and economical approach to control root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). in an earlier study, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) for resistance to root-knot nematode in the m-120 rnr upland cotton line (gossypium hirsutum l.) of the auburn 623 rnr source. the qtl is located in a 12.9-cm interval flanked by the two ssr markers cir069 and cir316 on the distal segment of chromos ...201020680610
ssr markers closely associated with genes for resistance to root-knot nematode on chromosomes 11 and 14 of upland cotton.molecular markers closely linked to genes that confer a high level of resistance to root-knot nematode (rkn) [meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood] in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) germplasm derived from auburn 623 rnr would greatly facilitate cotton breeding programs. our objectives were to identify simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers linked to rkn resistance quantitative trait loci (qtl) and map these markers to specific chromosomes. we developed three recombinant inbred line (ril ...201020607210
phytochemistry and nematicidal activity of the essential oils from 8 greek lamiaceae aromatic plants and 13 terpene components.eight essential oils (eos) as well as 13 single terpenes were studied for their nematicidal activity against meloidogyne incognita , for three immersion periods (24, 48, and 96 h). the eos were isolated from eight greek lamiaceae species: melissa officinalis , sideritis clandestina , origanum dictamnus , ocimum basilicum , mentha pulegium , origanum vulgare , vitex agnus castus , and salvia officinalis . the eos nematicidal activity was correlated to their chemical composition as well as to the ...201020527965
elevated co2 changes the interactions between nematode and tomato genotypes differing in the ja pathway.interactions between the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and three isogenic tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) genotypes were examined when plants were grown under ambient (370 ppm) and elevated (750 ppm) co2. we tested the hypothesis that, defence-recessive genotypes tend to allocate 'extra' carbon (relative to nitrogen) to growth under elevated co2, whereas defence-dominated genotypes allocate extra carbon to defence, and thereby increases the defence against nematodes. for all three ge ...201020519018
biocatalytic amidation of carboxylic acids and their antinemic activity.a series of novel n-alkyl substituted amides, synthesized by enzyme catalysis, were evaluated against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita and found to have potential antinemic activity. the corresponding amides were prepared by the condensation of equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids with different alkyl amines in the presence of candida antarctica lipase at 60-90 degrees c in 16-20 h. the reactions were carried out in a non - solvent system without the use of any activating agents. all t ...201020390959
in vitro comparison of protease activities in preparations from free-living (panagrellus redivivus) and plant-parasitic (meloidogyne incognita) nematodes using fmrfa and fmrfa-like peptides as substrates.extracts prepared from the microbivorous nematode panagrellus redivivus and the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita were used to provide general protease activities for peptide substrate screening and species comparisons. each extract was evaluated for its ability to degrade a broad range of nematode fmrfamide-like peptides (flps), key regulatory messengers governing nematode growth and development. clear quantitative differences between the two extracts were observed using fmrfamide ...201020334714
additive effects of plant expressed double-stranded rnas on root-knot nematode development.ectopically expressed double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) have recently been shown to suppress parasitic success of meloidogyne spp. in plants. we have targeted two genes from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita; a dual oxidase gene implicated in the tyrosine cross-linking of the developing cuticle and a subunit of signal peptidase, a protein complex required for the processing of secreted proteins. while these genes are involved in different aspects of nematode development, the phenotypic co ...201020100489
nematicidal activity of monoterpenoids against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.abstract nematicidal activity of 22 monoterpenoids were evaluated in vitro and in pot experiments. twenty of the twenty-two monoterpenoids significantly reduced hatching, and 11 reduced j2 mobility of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita at a concentration of 250 mg/liter. in general, compounds with hydroxyl and carbonyl groups exhibited higher nematicidal activity than other terpenoids. borneol, carveol, citral, geraniol, and alpha-terpineol showed the highest nematicidal activity among ...201020055654
heterologous expression of taro cystatin protects transgenic tomato against meloidogyne incognita infection by means of interfering sex determination and suppressing gall formation.plant-parasitic nematodes are a major pest of many plant species and cause global economic loss. a phytocystatin gene, colocasia esculenta cysteine proteinase inhibitor (cecpi), isolated from a local taro kaosiang no. 1, and driven by a camv35s promoter was delivered into cln2468d, a heat-tolerant cultivar of tomato (solanum lycopersicum). when infected with meloidogyne incognita, one of root-knot nematode (rkn) species, transgenic t1 lines overexpressing cecpi suppressed gall formation as evide ...201020054551
data-mining of the meloidogyne incognita degradome and comparative analysis of proteases in nematodes.proteases perform essential physiological functions in all living organisms. in parasitic helminths, they are of particular importance for tissue penetration, digestion of host tissues for nutrition, and evasion of host immune responses. the recent availability of the genome sequence of the nematode meloidogyne incognita has allowed the analysis of the protease repertoire of this major crop pathogen. the m. incognita degradome consists of at least 334 proteases that are distributed into 43 famil ...201120951198
[control effects of ricinus communis extracts on meloidogyne incognita].toxicity test and pot experiment were conducted to study the nematocidal activity and control effects of ricinus communis extracts on meloidogyne incognita. the results showed that both the ricinine and the r. communis water extracts had high nematocidal activity. the ricinine at concentration 2 g x l(-1) and treated for 48 hours had the strongest nematocidal activity, leading to 91.5% of corrected mortality of m. incognita and with the lc50 being 0.6 g x l(-1), whereas the r. communis water ext ...201122303684
evolution of nematode-resistant mi-1 gene homologs in three species of solanum.plants have evolved several defense mechanisms, including resistance genes. resistance to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita has been found in wild plant species. the molecular basis for this resistance has been best studied in the wild tomato solanum peruvianum and it is based on a single dominant gene, mi-1.2, which is found in a cluster of seven genes. this nematode attacks fiercely several crops, including potatoes. the genomic arrangement, number of copies, function and evolution ...201121207065
identification of plant-parasitism genes in nematodes in silico screening and in vivo validation in meloidogyne incognita. 201122696951
peroxiredoxins from the plant parasitic root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, are required for successful development within the host.root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp., are sedentary biotrophic parasites which are able to infest > 2000 plant species. after root invasion they settle sedentarily inside the vascular cylinder and maintain a compatible interaction for up to 8 weeks. plant cells respond to pathogen attacks by producing reactive oxygen species (ros). these ros, in particular hydroperoxides, are important regulators of host-parasite interactions and partly govern the success or failure of disease. ros producing an ...201121145323
nematocidal flavone-c-glycosides against the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) from arisaema erubescens tubers.a screening of several chinese medicinal herbs for nematicidal properties showed that arisaema erubescens (wall.) schott tubers possessed significant nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). from the ethanol extract, two nematicidal flavone-c-glycosides were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. the compounds were identified as schaftoside and isoschaftoside on the basis of their phytochemical and spectral data. schaftoside and isoschaftoside possessed st ...201121694672
aliphatic ketones from ruta chalepensis (rutaceae) induce paralysis on root knot nematodes.this paper reports on the use of ruta chalepensis l. extracts as a potential nematicide against root knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne javanica . the essential oil (reo) and methanol extract (rme) of r. chalepensis were tested against second-stage juveniles, with reo inducing paralysis in both species (ec(50/1d) = 77.5 and 107.3 mg/l) and rme being selective for m. incognita (ec(50/1d) = 1001 mg/l). chemical characterization of extracts was done by means of gc-ms and lc-ms, re ...201121631118
elevated co2 influences nematode-induced defense responses of tomato genotypes differing in the ja pathway.rising atmospheric co(2) concentrations can affect the induced defense of plants against chewing herbivores but little is known about whether elevated co(2) can change the induced defense of plants against parasitic nematodes. this study examined the interactions between the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and three isogenic tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) genotypes grown under ambient (390 ppm) and elevated (750 ppm) co(2) in growth chambers. in a previous study with open-top chambers ...201121629688
chemical constituents of cordia latifolia and their nematicidal activity.following nematicidal activity-guided isolation studies on the fruits, bark, and leaves of cordia latifolia, two new constituents, cordinoic acid (=11-oxours-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid; 1) and cordicilin (=2-{[(e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(stearoyloxy)phenyl]propanoic acid; 2) were isolated from the stem and leaves, respectively, together with nine known compounds, namely cordioic and cordifolic acid from the stem bark, latifolicin a-d and rosmarinic acid from the fru ...201121560233
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