Publications

population dynamics of meloidogyne incognita, m. arenaria,and other nematodes and crop yields in rotations of cotton, peanut, and wheat under minimum tillage.	wheat, cotton, and peanut were arranged in three cropping sequences to determine the effects of fenamiphos (6.7 kg a.i./ha) and cropping sequence on nematode population densities and crop yields under conservation tillage and irrigation for 6 years. the cropping sequences included a wheat winter cover crop each year and summer crops of cotton every year, peanut every year, or cotton rotated every other year with peanut. the population densities of meloidogyne spp. and helicotylenchus dihystera w ...	2000	19270949
a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton in northeastern louisiana.	a survey was conducted in northeastern louisiana to determine the frequency and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cotton. in fall 1997 and 1998, more than 600 soil samples were collected from cotton fields representing 6,200 ha, which is 5.3% of the cotton production hectarage in this region. composite soil samples were collected from 10 ha in each field. nematodes were extracted by gravity screening and sucrose centrifugation, identified to genus, and quantified. nine gener ...	2000	19271002
nematodes as vectors to introduce agrobacterium into plant roots.	summary a fast plant promoter test was developed by means of a nematode to transfer agrobacterium tumefaciens into plant roots. two-week-old arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. plants were transferred to infection medium. meloidogyne incognita or heterodera schachtii juveniles were mixed with the agrobacterium strain that harboured the binary vector, and this mixture was used for plant inoculation. during migration of the nematode and establishment of the feeding site inside the roots, the t-dna wa ...	2000	20572986
species-dependent effects of border cell and root tip exudates on nematode behavior.	abstract effects of border cell and root tip exudates on root knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) behavior were examined. in whole-plant assays using pea, m. incognita second-stage juveniles (j2) accumulated rapidly around the 1- to 2-mm apical region ensheathed by border cells, but not in the region of elongation. within 15 to 30 min, j2 which had accumulated within detached clumps of border cells lost motility and entered into a quiescent state. when border cells (and associated root tip exu ...	2000	18944426
nematicidal constituents of the aerial parts of lantana camara.	two new constituents, lantanoside (1) and lantanone (2), and the known compounds linaroside (3) and camarinic acid (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of lantana camara. compounds 1, 3, and 4 were tested for nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and showed 90, 85, and 100% mortality, respectively, at 1.0% concentration. the results were comparable to those obtained with the conventional nematicide furadan (100% mortality at 1.0% concentration). structures of t ...	2000	10869197
origin of a meloidogyne incognita surface coat antigen.	the surface coat (sc) of plant nematodes is thought to originate either from the living hypodermis or from secretory glands associated with the excretory system or nervous system. in this study, we investigated the origin of the sc of meloidogyne incognita by immunolocalization with a monoclonal antibody raised against the surface coat of the preparasitic juveniles (j2). under the electron microscope, strong labeling was found on the cuticular surface and in the rectal dilation of the j2, while ...	2000	19270963
effect of mulch surface color on root-knot of tomato grown in simulated planting beds.	the effect of different-colored polyethylene mulches on quantity and spectra of reflected light, plant morphology, and root-knot disease was studied in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) grown in simulated planting beds. tomato plants were inoculated with meloidogyne incognita at initial populations (pi) of 0, 1,000, 10,000, or 50,000 eggs/plant, and grown in a greenhouse for 50 days over white, red, or black mulch. soil temperature was kept constant among the mulch treatments by placing an insula ...	2000	19270954
root galling and reproduction of meloidogyne incognita isolates from texas on resistant cotton genotypes.	several cotton genotypes with resistance to meloidogyne incognita have been released in recent years. to estimate the durability of this resistance, galling severity on these resistant genotypes by m. incognita was measured. nematode isolates (115 total) were collected from cotton fields in 14 texas counties in august and september 1996 and 1997. four additional isolates from maryland, mississippi, and north carolina were also tested. the isolates were evaluated in 12 greenhouse experiments for ...	2000	19271003
effects of meloidogyne incognita on growth and storage-root formation of cassava (manihot esculenta).	two-node cuttings of cassava cultivar ss4 were inoculated with 1,000 infective juveniles of meloidogyne incognita at 1, 14, 40, 70, 88, and 127 days after planting (dap). plant growth and root damage were assessed at 150 dap. meloidogyne incognita significantly reduced the number of storageroots formed in plants inoculated at 14, 40, 70, and 88 dap and the total weight of storage-roots in plants inoculated at 1, 14, 40, 70, and 88 dap, compared to uninoculated plants. individual storage-root wei ...	2000	19270997
heat stability of resistance to meloidogyne incognita in scotch bonnet peppers ( capsicum chinense jacq.).	stability of resistance to meloidogyne incognita (kofoid &white) chitwood was determined in pepper (capsicum chinense jacq. and c. annuum l.) at 24, 28, and 32 degrees c. reactions of the c. annuum cultivars charleston belle and keystone resistant giant and the c. chinense cultigens pa-426 and pa-350 to m. incognita were compared. charleston belle is homozygous for the n gene that confers resistance to m. incognita in c. annuum, and keystone resistant giant is the susceptible recurrent parent of ...	2000	19270989
using microwave irradiation to improve preservation of female nematodes and gall tissues for tem observations.	microwave irradiation of glutaraldehyde-immersed samples was evaluated for the chemical fixation of 3-week-old galls that resulted from the infection of tomato roots (lycopersicon esculentum) by a root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita. observation by transmission electron microscopy indicated that the best results were obtained when vials containing the intact galls were immersed in buffered glutaraldehyde and irradiated for 10 seconds then allowed to cool for 30 seconds; this procedure was ...	2000	19270984
variability in time and space of meloidogyne incognita fall population density in cotton fields.	three cotton fields infested with meloidogyne incognita were intensively sampled in the fall for 3 years (1996 to 1998) to determine if intensive sampling for m. incognita, for which spatial location is important, was necessary every year in a continuous cotton system. two composite soil samples (20 cores each), taken over an area covering one-third of the field length and two rows wide, were averaged to represent that area (row-location combination). each field (except one) had 24 areas assayed ...	2000	19270975
survey of meloidogyne incognita and thielaviopsis basicola: their impact on cotton fruiting and producers' management choices in infested fields.	a survey of 100 cotton fields selected randomly in 1995 and 1996 was conducted in the high plains of texas to determine the incidence and potential severity of meloidogyne incognita and thielaviopsis basicola. information was obtained from producers for each field on their nematicide application rates and fungicide seed treatments. the percent of squares and bolls set was evaluated for 20 plants in each field during late july 1995 and early august 1996. thielaviopsis basicola was identified in 5 ...	2000	19271012
cdna cloning and expression analysis of a calponin gene from the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita.		2001	11166397
arabidopsis thaliana genes expressed in the early compatible interaction with root-knot nematodes.	in the compatible interaction between arabidopsis thaliana and the endoparasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita, galls are formed on the roots of the host plant. differential display was used to identify alterations of gene expression in young a. thaliana root galls caused by m. incognita. six genes were confirmed as plant genes by dna gel blot hybridizations. significant homology was found with a trypsin inhibitor, peroxidase, mitochondrial uncoupling protein, endomembrane protein, 20s proteaso ...	2001	11277426
molecular cloning of a cdna encoding an amphid-secreted putative avirulence protein from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting of three pairs of meloidogyne incognita near-isogenic lines (nils) was used to identify markers differential between nematode genotypes avirulent or virulent against the tomato mi resistance gene. one of these sequences, present only in the avirulent lines, was used as a probe to screen a cdna library from second-stage juveniles (j2s) and allowed cloning of a cdna encoding a secretory protein. the putative full-length cdna, named map-1, encod ...	2001	11194874
[investigation on root-knot diseases of medicinal plants in yunnan].	during 1994-1997, the damage levels about root-knot diseases on 52 medicinal plants were investigated and analyzed. 185 samples were collected from more than 20 counties or cities in yunnan province. the results showed that 76 specimens were infected by root-knot nematode, which are meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white 1919, chitwood 1949), m. javanice (trenb 1855, chitwood 1949), m. arenaria (neal 1889, chitwood 1949) and m. halpa (chitwood 1949). they infected 21 medicinal plants. the paper ...	2001	11917839
efficacy of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil amended with compost and unamended soil.	1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) is a likely alternative soil fumigant for methyl bromide. the objective was to determine root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, survival in microplots after exposure to 1,3-d for various periods of time in soil that have previously been amended with compost. the treatments were 1,3-d applied broadcast at 112 liters/ha and untreated controls in both compost-amended and unamended soil. soil samples were collected from each microplot at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours af ...	2001	19265889
pesticidal properties of parthenin (from parthenium hysterophorus) and related compounds.	eleven sesquiterpene lactone derivatives of parthenin (1), obtained from wild feverfew, parthenium hysterophorus, were prepared by chemical and photochemical transformations. the compounds tested were a pyrazoline adduct (2) of parthenin, its cyclopropyl (3) and propenyl (4) derivatives, anhydroparthenin (5), a dihydro-deoxygenated product (6), a formate (7) and its corresponding alcohol (8) and acetate (9), a rearranged product (10), lactone (11) and hemiacetal (12). all these derivatives, alon ...	2001	11455638
genes induced during early response to meloidogyne incognita in roots of resistant and susceptible alfalfa cultivars.	a cdna library made to rna from roots of meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) susceptible alfalfa cv. lahontan seedlings 72 h after root-knot nematode inoculation was differentially screened with cdna made from uninoculated control and m. incognita infested (72 h) root rna. of the six cdnas isolated, the deduced amino acid sequences of four showed significant homology to sequences present in the databank, while two were pioneer sequences. the four cdnas with matches to known sequences incl ...	2001	11448760
resistance as a tactic for management of meloidogyne incognita on cotton in north carolina.	selected cotton cultivars were evaluated for resistance to the southern root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, in greenhouse and field experiments. cotton cultivars la 887, auburn 634, and nemx cotton were highly resistant to three north carolina populations of root-knot nematode in greenhouse experiments compared to susceptible cultivars. the relative susceptibility of cultivars tested in the greenhouse from most to least susceptible were deltapine 16 > deltapine 50 > la 887 or nemx > aubur ...	2001	19266008
a molecular marker correlated with selected virulence against the tomato resistance gene mi in meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, and m. arenaria.	abstract root-knot nematodes of the genus meloidogyne are economically important pathogens of a wide range of crops. the tomato resistance gene mi typically confers resistance to the three major species, m. incognita, m. javanica, and m. arenaria. however, virulent populations completely overcoming the mi resistance still occur. in an attempt to develop molecular markers for virulence against mi and gain insights into the genetic relationships among virulent populations of different species and ...	2001	18943850
meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria reproduction on dwarf hollies and lantana.	meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria reproduction and host plant tolerance were assessed in field and greenhouse experiments on seven holly cultivars including ilex glabra 'shamrock', i. vomitoria 'schelling's dwarf', i. cornuta 'carissa', red holly hybrid (ilex little red), and i. crenata 'compacta', 'green luster', and 'helleri' as well as japanese boxwood (buxus microphylla) and two lantana cultivars (lantana camara 'miss huff' and 'new gold'). boxwood had the highest m. arenaria and m. inco ...	2001	19265898
management of root-knot and reniform nematodes in ultra-narrow row cotton with 1,3-dichloropropene.	ultra-narrow row cotton studies were conducted during 1999 at two field sites in northern florida. one site was naturally infested with meloidogyne incognita race 3 and the other with rotylenchulus reniformis. the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) was applied broadcast at rates of 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, and 96 kg ai./ha in replicated plots before planting delta pine 655 brr cotton in 25-cm-wide rows. post-harvest soil population densities at the root-knot nematode site had a significant (p </ ...	2001	19265894
endophytic colonization of plants by the biocontrol agent rhizobium etli g12 in relation to meloidogyne incognita infection.	abstract the external and internal colonization of potato and arabidopsis roots by the biocontrol strain rhizobium etli g12 containing a plasmidborne trp promoter green fluorescent protein transcriptional fusion, pgt-trp, was studied in the presence and absence of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. plant colonization behavior and biocontrol potential of the marked strain g12(pgt-trp) was not altered compared with the parental strain. plasmid pgt-trp was stable for more than 80 generat ...	2001	18943855
crop rotation and nematicides for management of mixed populations of meloidogyne spp. on tobacco.	the effects of crop rotation and the nematicides 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d), ethoprop, and fenamiphos on the relative frequency of meloidogyne incognita race 3, m. arenaria race 2, and m. javanica and tobacco yields on a sandy loam soil were determined. cropping sequences altered the species composition and population densities of meloidogyne spp. meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita predominated when cotton, corn, sorghum, or rye-fallow preceded tobacco. meloidogyne javanica and m. arenaria p ...	2001	19265896
induced systemic resistance of selected endophytic bacteria against meloidogyne incognita on tomato.	in previous work, the four endophytic bacteria pantoea agglomerans mk-29, cedeca davisae mk-30, enterobacter spp. mk-42 and pseudomonas putida mt-19 were shown to reduce meloidogyne incognita on tomato when applied as a seed treatment and/or soil drench. the objective of this work was to study these bacteria for their potential to induce systemic resistance against root knot nematodes on tomato. to guarantee spatial separation between inducing agent and pathogen a split-root system was chosen an ...	2001	12425091
influence of plant species on the biological control activity of the antagonistic rhizobacterium rhizobium etli strain g12 toward the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita.	the influence of plant species on the antagonistic activity of the rhizosphere bacterium rhizobium etli g12 towards the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita was studied. the crops tested were tomato, cucumber, cotton, soybean and pepper. the plants were evaluated for the following parameters: root gall-index, total number of galls and egg masses of m. incognita, as well as shoot and root fresh weight and root length. results indicated a clear influence of plant species on the ability of r. e ...	2001	12425090
nematode-antagonistic trichothecenes from fusarium equiseti.	a strain of the fungus fusarium equiseti isolated from soybean cyst nematode secretes nematode-antagonistic compounds. bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of the culture broth was undertaken to identify the compounds. fractions were assayed for activity against a root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita), a plant pathogen that attacks the roots of numerous plant species. two trichothecene compounds were isolated that inhibited egg hatch and immobilized second-stage juveniles of this nem ...	2001	11471940
isolation of a novel collagen gene (mj-col-5) in meloidogyne javanica and analysis of its expression pattern.	mj-col-5, isolated from the plant parasitic nematode meloidogyne javanica, has a longer carboxy-terminus than other members of the caenorhabditis elegans col-6 subfamily of cuticle collagen, including an extra tyrosine residue, and may form altered nonreducible cross-linkages. by semiquantitative determination at different life stages, mj-col-5 transcript was shown to be more abundant in eggs than in juveniles/young females and adult females. to characterize further this gene's contribution to t ...	2001	11534644
characterisation of a collagen gene subfamily from the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida.	we have isolated two full-length genomic dna sequences, which encode the cuticle collagen proteins gp-col-1 and gp-col-2, from the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. a third, partial collagen gene orf termed gp-col-t(t=truncated) has also been isolated and appears to represent an unexpressed pseudogene. the gp-col-1 and gp-col-2 genes both contain three short (<97 bp) introns which disrupt coding regions predicted to specify proteins with molecular weights of 33 and 32.7 kda respectively. a ...	2001	11223244
effect of sorghum-sudangrass and velvetbean cover crops on plant-parasitic nematodes associated with potato production in florida.	in a 3-year field study, population densities of belonolaimus longicaudatus and other plant-parasitic nematodes and crop yields were compared between potato (solanum tuberosum) cropping systems where either sorghum-sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. arundinaceum) or velvetbean (mucuna pruriens) was grown as a summer cover crop. population densities of b. longicaudatus, paratrichodorus minor, tylenchorhynchus sp., and mesocriconema sp. increased on sorghum-sudangrass. population densities of p. min ...	2001	19265888
use of entomopathogenic nematodes to suppress meloidogyne incognita on greenhouse tomatoes.	tomato seedlings in a growth chamber were inoculated with 150 meloidogyne incognita eggs and 25 infective juveniles (ij)/cm² of steinernema feltiae, s. riobrave, or heterorhabditis bacteriophora. with the exception of seedling roots treated with h. bacteriophora, all seedlings treated with entomopathogenic nematodes had fewer m. incognita juveniles inside roots and produced fewer eggs than the control seedlings. tomato plants in the greenhouse were infested with 4,000 m. incognita eggs and treat ...	2002	19265927
the potato virus y m(s)n(r) nib-replicase is the elicitor of a veinal necrosis-hypersensitive response in root knot nematode resistant tobacco.	summary a root knot nematode resistance gene in nicotiana tabacum, rk, providing resistance to the nematode parasite meloidogyne incognita is tightly linked to, or is a pleiotropic gene with a veinal necrosis systemic hypersensitive response to infection by potato virus y (pvy) m(s)n(r). the single pvy m(s)n(r) open reading frame was sequenced and found to have 89% protein identity to pvy n. individual pvy m(s)n(r) polypeptides were deduced and the corresponding cdna were cloned into a potato vi ...	2002	20569320
activation of a pollenin promoter upon nematode infection.	three glycine-rich protein genes of arabidopsis thaliana (atgrp-6, atgrp-7, and atgrp-8) that correspond to putative genes coding for pollenins (atolnb;2, atolnb;3, and atolnb;4, respectively) are expressed predominantly in the anthers and, more specifically, in the tapetum layer. tapetal cells are responsible for nutrition of developing pollen grains and show some functional similarities to nematode feeding sites (nfs) induced in plant roots by sedentary parasitic nematodes. the aim of this stu ...	2002	19265912
a novel root-specific gene, mic-3, with increased expression in nematode-resistant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) after root-knot nematode infection.	a full-length cdna, mic-3, has been identified from a lambda zapii cdna library constructed from the mrna of nematode-resistant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) roots after infection with root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). the putative open reading frame of mic-3 encoded a protein of 141 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 15.3 kda. seven alternative polyadenylation sites have been identified for the mic-3 transcripts, and the major transcripts are the longest ones. the mic-3 ...	2002	12031505
characterization of a cdna related to k-cl cotransporters in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	we report the cloning of a full-length cdna from the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita, which encodes a putative protein of 1082 amino acids showing high similarity with k-cl cotransporters (kccs) from the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans (54% identity) and from a number of mammals, including human. hydropathy analysis indicates typical kcc topology patterns, with a hydrophylic nh2-terminal region, 12 membrane-spanning domains, and a long cooh-terminal hydrophylic region. ...	2002	12180345
effects of phytohormones on the surfaces of plant-parasitic nematodes.	the direct effects of phytohormones (auxin and kinetin) and root diffusates on the surface lipophilicity of the plant parasitic nematodes globodera rostochiensis and meloidogyne incognita were investigated. the fluorescent lipid probe af18 (5-n(octodecanoyl) aminofluorescein) was used to detect surface changes. root diffusates increased af18 uptake by g. rostochiensis while it had no effect on m. incognita. kinetin and auxin decreased af18 uptake in g. rostochiensis, while they had the opposite ...	2002	12211609
tylenchida associated with field crops in tehran and central provinces of iran.	on a survey of plant parasitic nematodes, belonging to the order tylenchida, about 500 soil and root samples were collected from different field crops, such as wheat, barley, tomato, potato, corn, beets, eggplants, cuccumber, melon and also other crops cultivated in tehran and central provinces during 1995-2000. all samples were washed and the nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique. they were fixed and transferred to glycerin, then permanent slides were mounted. morphologica ...	2002	12696441
a polygalacturonase of animal origin isolated from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	the first animal polygalacturonase (pg, ec 2.1.15) encoding cdna, mi-pg-1, was cloned from the plant parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita. the enzymatic activity of mi-pg-1 was confirmed after heterologous expression in escherichia coli. the presence of a predicted signal peptide on the mi-pg-1 sequence together with the specific localization of the transcripts of the mi-pg-1 gene in the oesophageal glands of infective juveniles imply that mi-pg-1 could be secreted into plant tissues. the po ...	2002	12095628
potato-associated bacteria and their antagonistic potential towards plant-pathogenic fungi and the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood.	to study the effect of microenvironments on potato-associated bacteria, the abundance and diversity of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endorhiza, and endosphere of field grown potato was analyzed. culturable bacteria were obtained after plating on r2a medium. the endophytic populations averaged 10(3) and 10(5) cfu/g (fresh wt.) for the endosphere and endorhiza. respectively, which were lower than those for the ectophytic microenvironments, with 10(5) and 10(7) cfu/g (fresh ...	2002	12455609
the endosymbiosis-induced genes enod40 and ccs52a are involved in endoparasitic-nematode interactions in medicago truncatula.	plants associate with a wide range of mutualistic and parasitic biotrophic organisms. here, we investigated whether beneficial plant symbionts and biotrophic pathogens induce distinct or overlapping regulatory pathways in medicago truncatula. the symbiosis between sinorhizobium meliloti and this plant results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules requiring the activation of specific genes in the host plant. we studied expression patterns of nodule-expressed genes after infection with ...	2002	12437298
protein variability in meloidogyne spp. (nematoda:meloidogynidae) revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.	total protein variation as revealed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2d-e) was studied in 18 isolates from populations of meloidogyne arenaria (six isolates), meloidogyne incognita (10 isolates), and meloidogyne javanica (one isolate) plus an unclassified isolate. gels (80 x 60 x 0.75 mm) were silverstained and digitized in order to compare their protein patterns. optical density and position of protein patterns were measured using statistical cluster analysis and computer-assisted image anal ...	2002	12645913
genetics of resistance to meloidogyne incognita in crosses of grape rootstocks.	progeny testing was used to investigate the value of selected grape varieties as parents in breeding nematode-resistant rootstocks. six pistillate-flowered rootstocks (ramsey, dog ridge, harmony, freedom, 1613c, and 161-49c) and four staminate-flowered rootstocks (riparia gloire, 3309c, 1616c, and st. george) were used. each male was crossed to each female. six weeks after inoculation with 1,500 second-stage juveniles of meloidogyne incognita race 3, roots were stained in an aqueous solution of ...	2002	12582495
development of multi-component transplant mixes for suppression of meloidogyne incognita on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum).	the effects of combinations of organic amendments, phytochemicals, and plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) germination, transplant growth, and infectivity of meloidogyne incognita were evaluated. two phytochemicals (citral and benzaldehyde), three organic amendments (pine bark, chitin, and hemicellulose), and three bacteria (serratia marcescens, brevibacterium iodinum, and pseudomonas fluorescens) were assessed. increasing rates of benzaldehyde and citral red ...	2002	19265957
arabidopsis thaliana mutants with an altered susceptibility to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	sedentary endoparasitic nematodes of plants are obligate parasites of roots in which they complete their sophisticated life cycle. to study the plant/root-knot nematode interaction, a screening was performed for mutants of arabidopsis thaliana that were less susceptible to nematode infection. ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized a. thaliana m2 seeds (13,000) were germinated and the seedlings were screened in vitro for nematode susceptibility. another 5,000 plants were screened in a sand mixture un ...	2002	12491969
host plant resistance as an alternative to methyl bromide for managing meloidogyne incognita in pepper.	pre-plant soil fumigation with methyl bromide and host resistance were compared for managing the southern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) in pepper. three pepper cultivars (carolina cayenne, keystone resistant giant, and california wonder) that differed in resistance to m. incognita were grown in field plots that had been fumigated with methyl bromide (98% chbr : 2% cclno [w/w]) before planting or left untreated. carolina cayenne is a well-adapted cayenne-type pepper that is highly re ...	2002	19265959
non-traditional legumes as potential soil amendments for nematode control.	dried ground plant tissues from 20 leguminous species were mixed with meloidogyne incognita-infested soil at 1, 2 or 2.5, and 5% (w/w) and incubated for 1 week at room temperature (21 to 27 degrees c). tomato ('rutgers') seedlings were transplanted into infested soil to determine nematode viability. most tissues reduced gall numbers below the non-amended controls. the tissue amendments that were most effective include: canavalia ensiformis, crotalaria retusa, indigofera hirsuta, i. nummularifoli ...	2002	19265956
red food coloring stain: new, safer procedures for staining nematodes in roots and egg masses on root surfaces.	acid fuchsin and phloxine b are commonly used to stain plant-parasitic nematodes in roots and egg masses on root surfaces, respectively. both stains can be harmful to both the user and the environment and require costly waste disposal procedures. we developed safer methods to replace both stains using mccormick schilling red food color. eggs, juveniles, and adults of meloidogyne incognita stained in roots with red food color were equally as visible as those stained with acid fuchsin. egg masses ...	2002	19265929
effects of site-specific application of aldicarb on cotton in a meloidogyne incognita-infested field.	cotton farmers in missouri commonly apply a single rate of aldicarb throughout the field at planting to protect their crop from meloidogyne incognita, even though these nematodes are spatially aggregated. our purpose was to determine the effect of site-specific application of aldicarb on cotton production in a field infested with these nematodes in 1997 and 1998. cotton yields were collected from sites not treated with aldicarb (control), sites receiving aldicarb at the standard recommended rate ...	2002	19265917
direct identification of stylet secreted proteins from root-knot nematodes by a proteomic approach.	the stylet secretions produced by plant parasitic root-knot nematodes are thought to be pathogenicity factors involved in the invasion of the root tissue and in the induction and maintenance of feeding cells. a new procedure was established that allowed the direct qualitative analysis of proteins secreted by meloidogyne incognita infective juveniles. purified proteins whose isoelectric point (pi) ranged from 5.0 to 7.5 were separated by two-dimensional (2d) electrophoresis and the seven most abu ...	2002	12034454
biologically active secondary metabolites from the ascomycete a111-95. 1. production, isolation and biological activities.	eight secondary metabolites were isolated from submerged cultures of the ascomycete a111-95 during a search for new nematicidal metabolites. (-)-galiellalactone (7) and compound 2 are metabolites previously obtained from cultures of galiella rufa while the compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 (3 and 4 were obtained as an unseparable mixture), were isolated as natural products for the first time. compound 2, pregaliellalactone (5) and the mixture of 3 and 4 showed nematicidal activities towards caenorha ...	2002	11918063
inheritance of resistance to meloidogyne incognita race 2 in the hot pepper cultivar carolina cayenne (capsicum annuum l.).	root-knot nematodes of the genus meloidogyne are important pathogens affecting vegetable crop production in brazil and worldwide. the pepper species capsicum annuum includes both hot and sweet peppers; very little emphasis has been placed on breeding sweet peppers for nematode resistance. we report on the inheritance of resistance to meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood race 2 in the hot pepper cultivar carolina cayenne. the hot pepper cv. carolina cayenne was used as seed parent and ...	2002	14963835
efficacy of the liquid formulation of some nematicides.	bunches of 25 g of tomato galled roots containing ca. 270 eggs and juveniles/g of meloidogyne incognita were buried on 29 september 2001 in gauze bags at the depth of 15, 30 and 45 cm in a sandy loam. the liquid formulation of the nematicides 1,3 dichloropropene (at the rate of 100, 200 and 300 l/ha), metam sodium (at the rate of 500, 1000, and 1500 l/ha), oxamyl (at the rate of 50, 100 and 150 l/ha) and fenamiphos (at the rate of 30, 60, and 90 l/ha) were then applied in 10, 20 or 40 l/m2 of wa ...	2002	12696439
relationship of aerial broad band reflectance to meloidogyne incognita density in cotton.	aerial images were obtained on 22 july 1999 and 4 august 2000 from five cotton sites infested with meloidogyne incognita. images contained three broad bands representing the green (500-600 nm), red (600-700 nm), and near-infrared (700-900 nm) spectrum. soil samples were collected and assayed for nematodes in the fall at these sites. sampling locations were identified from images, by locating the coordinates of a wide range of light intensity (measured as a digital number) for each single band, a ...	2003	19265974
management of root-knot nematode in tomato lycopersicon esculentum, mill, with biogas slurry.	the effect of biogas slurry application on the severity of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, attack on tomato cv. co-1, was tested in the green house with two levels of biogas slurry: 5% and 10% (w/w) added to soil. both the number (3 fruits/plant) and fruit yield (35.2 g/plant) of tomato increased significantly with 10% (w/w) biogas slurry. the plants amended with biogas slurry put up more vegetative growth and tended to flower and fruit much earlier than did those of the control. the ...	2003	12699936
a profile of putative parasitism genes expressed in the esophageal gland cells of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	identifying parasitism genes encoding proteins secreted from a nematode's esophageal gland cells and injected through its stylet into plant tissue is the key to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism of plants. meloidogyne incognita parasitism genes were cloned by microaspirating the cytoplasm from the esophageal gland cells of different parasitic stages to provide mrna to create a gland cell-specific cdna library by long-distance reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ...	2003	12744507
induction of tolerance to root-knot nematode by oxycom.	oxycom applications increased plant growth and population levels of meloidogyne incognita on susceptible tomato. a single oxycom drench at 2,500 ppm applied 7 days prior to inoculation with m. incognita provided remediation of plant growth measured 63 days later. this occurred without reducing nematode population levels. follow-up drenches at 2,500 ppm at 10-day intervals stunted shoots and roots (p = 0.05). the same application rates at 20-day intervals did not reduce plant growth. plants recei ...	2003	19262766
effect of crotalaria juncea amendment on nematode communities in soil with different agricultural histories.	effect of sunn hemp (crotalaria juncea) hay amendment on nematode community structure in the soil surrounding roots of yellow squash (cucurbita pepo) infected with root-knot nematodes was examined in two greenhouse experiments. soils were from field plots treated long-term (lt) with yard-waste compost or no yard-waste compost in lt experiment, and from a short-term (st) agricultural site in st experiment. soils collected were either amended or not amended with c. juncea hay. nematode communities ...	2003	19262764
the use of olive mill wastes for the control of root-knot nematodes.	the suppressive effect of olive mill wastes was tested in a field experiment in sandy soil, infested by meloidogyne incognita, in the province of lecce, southern italy. the field was subdivided in 12 m2 plots distributed at random in four blocks. treatment consisted of different dosages (10, 20 and 40 t/ha) of two composts prepared with either exhausted or fresh olive pomace or raw extraction sewage at rate of 40 or 80 m3/ha. there were four untreated control plots and four plots on which the gr ...	2003	15149102
a set of genes differentially expressed between avirulent and virulent meloidogyne incognita near-isogenic lines encode secreted proteins.	a cdna-amplification fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based strategy has been used to identify genes differentially expressed between two pairs of near-isogenic lines (nil) of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita either avirulent or virulent against the tomato mi resistance gene. gene expression profiles from infective second-stage juveniles (j2) were compared, and 22 of the 24,025 transcript-derived fragments (tdf) generated proved to be differential, i.e., present in both avirulent ...	2003	14651341
relationships between tolerance and resistance to meloidogyne incognita in cotton.	the southern root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, is the most damaging pathogen of cotton in the united states, and both resistance and tolerance to m. incognita could be valuable management approaches. our objectives were to evaluate advanced cotton breeding lines for resistance and tolerance to m. incognita and to determine if a relationship between resistance and tolerance exists. reproduction of m. incognita was evaluated on 17 breeding lines, a susceptible control (delta and pine land ...	2003	19262772
does the presence of detached root border cells of zea mays alter the activity of the pathogenic nematode meloidogyne incognita?	abstract the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita is a major pathogen of a range of important crops. currently, control is typically achieved by the use of nematicides. however, recent work suggests that manipulating the ability of roots to slough off border cells, which then act as a decoy to the nematode, can significantly decrease damage to the roots. we investigated the attractiveness of border cells to m. incognita and the response of the nematode to border cells in close proximity. we ...	2003	18944094
competition between heterodera glycines and meloidogyne incognita or pratylenchus penetrans: independent infection rate measurements.	competition on soybean between heterodera glycines (race 3) and meloidogyne incognita or h. glycines and pratylenchus penetrans were investigated in greenhouse experiments. each pair of nematode species was mixed in 3-ml suspensions at ratios of 1,000:0, 750:250, 500:500, 250:750, and 0:1,000 second-stage juveniles or mixed stages for p. penetrans. nematodes from a whole root system were counted and infection rates standardized per 1,000 nematodes (per replication) prior to testing the null hypo ...	2003	19265967
development of a new management strategy for the control of root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp) in organic vegetable production.	the nematophagous fungus, pochonia chlamydosporia (goddard) zare & gams, has been investigated as a potential biological control agent for use in integrated pest management strategies for meloidogyne incognita (kof & white) chitwood in vegetable crops. the release of the fungus as a biological control agent requires a diagnostic method to monitor its spread in the environment and to gain knowledge of its ecology. only molecular methods are sufficiently discriminating to enable the detection of s ...	2003	12587872
induction of the hahsp17.7g4 promoter by root-knot nematodes: involvement of heat-shock elements in promoter activity in giant cells.	root-knot nematodes feed from specialized giant cells induced in the plants that they parasitize. we found that the promoter of the hahsp17.7g4 gene, which encodes a small heat-shock protein involved in embryogenesis and stress responses, directed gus expression in tobacco galls induced by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. in roots containing a gus reporter fusion to the hahsp17.7g4 promoter, 10% of the galls stained for gus expression 1 to 3 days after infection and the fraction sta ...	2003	14651339
effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a non-pathogenic fusarium oxysporum on meloidogyne incognita infestation of tomato.	arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and non-pathogenic strains of soil-borne pathogens have been shown to control plant parasitic nematodes. as am fungi and non-pathogenic fungi improve plant health by different mechanisms, combination of two such partners with complementary mechanisms might increase overall control efficacy and, therefore, provide an environmentally safe alternative to nematicide application. experiments were conducted to study possible interactions between the am fungus glomus c ...	2003	12938032
nematicidal activity of some sri lankan plants.	nineteen solvent extracts from seven sri lankan plants were examined for nematicidal activity against the root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. extracts of allophyhu cobbe, lepisanthes tetraphylla (sapindaceae), sarcococca zeylanica (buxaceae) and hedyotis lawsoniae (rubiaceae) have shown significant nematicidal activity.	2003	12822904
a sulfonic anhydride derivative from dibenzyl trisulphide with agro-chemical activities.	in the present study, the biologically active natural product dibenzyl trisulphide (dts) which was previously isolated from the sub-tropical shrub petiveria alliacea was transformed to methyl benzyl sulphonic anhydride (mbsa) using a "one pot" transformation method. the anhydride was evaluated for anti-microbial activities on the bacteria, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas fluorescens and found to be 2.5 fold more effective than the commercial agents isoniazid and ampicillin in inhibiting the gr ...	2003	12668029
biological activities of an extract from cleome viscosa l. (capparaceae).	electron micrograph examination of the leaf and stem surfaces of cleome viscosa l (family capparaceae) revealed the presence of secretory glandular trichomes with club-cylinder and cylinder morphologies. in the present study, the leaves and stems of c. viscosa were extracted with hexane and the extract was evaluated for the following biological activities: anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, contact insecticidal and nematicidal. the extract was found to be a potent anti-bacterial agent according to the ...	2003	14564407
expression of an arabidopsis phosphoglycerate mutase homologue is localized to apical meristems, regulated by hormones, and induced by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes.	we previously isolated a partial soybean cdna clone whose transcript abundance is increased upon infection by the sedentary, endoparasitic soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. we now isolated the corresponding full-length cdna and determined that the predicted gene product was similar to the group of cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase/bisphosphoglycerate mutase enzymes (pgm/bpgm; ec 5.4.2.1/5.4.2.4). we designated the corresponding soybean gene gmpgm. pgm and bpgm are key catalysts ...	2003	15010616
efficacy of paecilomyces lilacinus (strain 251) for the control of root-knot nematodes.	the egg pathogenic fungus paecilomyces lilacinus (strain 251), is a unique strain with a wide range of activity against the most important plant parasitic nematodes. due to increased production capacity by solid state fermentation and a new water dispersible granule (wdg) formulation, this biological nematicide may be used in an integrated approach to control plant parasitic nematodes. dose response experiments were conducted with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita on tomatoes using th ...	2003	15149100
competition of meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton following separate and concomitant inoculations.	it has been hypothesized rotylenchulus reniformis (rr) has a competitive advantage over meloidogyne incognita (mi) in the southeastern cotton production region of the united states. this study examines the reproduction and development of meloidogyne incognita (mi) and rotylenchulus reniformis (rr) in separate and concomitant infections on cotton. under greenhouse conditions, cotton seedlings were inoculated simultaneously with juveniles (j2) of m. incognita and vermiform adults of r. reniformis ...	2003	19262774
identification of cytokinins produced by the plant parasitic nematodes heterodera schachtii and meloidogyne incognita.	summary the presence of different types of cytokinins was analysed in exudates and lysates of stage-2 juveniles of heterodera schachtii and meloidogyne incognita and in mixed stages of caenorhabditis elegans. for all species, cytokinins were detected in lysates and exudates in which benzyladenine and zeatin-type cytokinins were the most prominent forms. the production of cytokinins by meloidogyne was much higher than by heterodera, and the detected levels were in a range which interfered with th ...	2003	20569387
the heat-stable root-knot nematode resistance gene mi-9 from lycopersicon peruvianum is localized on the short arm of chromosome 6.	the tomato gene mi-1 confers resistance to three species of root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp. however, the resistance mediated by mi-1 is inactive at soil temperatures above 28 degrees c. previously, we identified and mapped a novel heat-stable nematode resistance gene from the wild species lycopersicon peruvianum accession la2157 on to chromosome 6. here we report further characterization of this heat-stable resistance against three mi-1-avirulent biotypes of meloidogyne javanica, meloidogy ...	2003	12589548
analysis and functional classification of transcripts from the nematode meloidogyne incognita.	plant parasitic nematodes are major pathogens of most crops. molecular characterization of these species as well as the development of new techniques for control can benefit from genomic approaches. as an entrée to characterizing plant parasitic nematode genomes, we analyzed 5,700 expressed sequence tags (ests) from second-stage larvae (l2) of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	2003	12702207
preferential expression of a plant cystatin at nematode feeding sites confers resistance to meloidogyne incognita and globodera pallida.	the expression patterns of three promoters preferentially active in the roots of arabidopsis thaliana have been investigated in transgenic potato plants in response to plant parasitic nematode infection. promoter regions from the three genes, tub-1, arsk1 and rpl16a were linked to the gus reporter gene and histochemical staining was used to localize expression in potato roots in response to infection with both the potato cyst nematode, globodera pallida and the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne in ...	2004	17166138
feeding cell development by cyst and root-knot nematodes involves a similar early, local and transient activation of a specific auxin-inducible promoter element.	summary to study the role of the phytohormone auxin in nematode feeding cell induction and early development, the transcriptional regulation of the artificial auxin-responsive promoter element dr5 was monitored in arabidopsis thaliana roots infected with the cyst nematode heterodera schachtii or the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. for both nematode species, a specific and strong activation of dr5::gusa was observed inside the initial feeding cells at 18 h post inoculation, pointing to ...	2004	20565601
optimizing the efficacy of paecilomyces lilacinus (strain 251) for the control of root-knot nematodes.	the egg pathogenic fungus paecilomyces lilacinus (strain 251) is a biocontrol fungus with a potential range of activity to control the worldwide most important plant parasitic nematodes. this biological nematicide may be an useful tool in an integrated approach to control mainly sedentary nematodes. greenhouse experiments were conducted with the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita and m. hapla on tomato. p. lilacinus, formulated as wg (bioact wg), was incorporated into soil inoculated with ...	2004	15759437
pro domain peptide of hgcp-iv cysteine proteinase inhibits nematode cysteine proteinases.	cysteine proteinases (cps) are synthesized as zymogens and converted to mature proteinase forms by proteolytic cleavage and release of their pro domain peptides. a cdna encoding a papain-like cp, called hgcp-iv, was isolated from a heterodera glycines j2 cdna library, expressed and utilized to assess the ability of its propeptide to inhibit proteinase in its active form. the hgcp-iv cdna sequence encodes a polypeptide of 374 amino acids with the same domain organization as other cathepsin l-like ...	2004	15614726
safety of pochonia chlamydosporia var catenulata in acute oral and dermal toxicity/pathogenicity evaluations in rats and rabbits.	the nematophagous fungus, pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata (kamyschlco ex barron & onions) zare & w-gams, was investigated as a potential biocontrol agent in integrated pest management strategy for meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood in vegetable crops in cuba. an acute oral and dermal toxicity/patogenicity study was performed to determine the safety of this fungus in non-target organisms. in the first study, a 1-dose level of 5 x 10(8) units of the microbial pest control ag ...	2004	15487645
effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and composed organic fertilizers on the reproduction of meloidogyne incognita and tomato growth.	glasshouse experiments were conducted to assess the influence of pseudomonas fluorescens, azotobacter chroococcum, azospirillum brasilense and composted organic fertilizers (cow dung, horse dung, goat dung and poultry manure) alone and in combination on the multiplication of meloidogyne incognita and growth of tomato. p. fluorescens was better at improving tomato growth and reducing galling and nematode multiplication than a. chroococcum or a. brasilense. among composted organic fertilizers, pou ...	2004	15246448
comparative analysis of two 14-3-3 homologues and their expression pattern in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved ubiquitous proteins found in all eukaryotic organisms. they are involved in various cellular processes including signal transduction, cell-cycle control, apoptosis, stress response and cytoskeleton organisation. we report here the cloning of two genes encoding 14-3-3 isoforms from the plant parasitic root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, together with an analysis of their expression. both genes were shown to be transcribed in unhatched second stage larvae ...	2004	15157770
3-hydroxypropionic acid as a nematicidal principle in endophytic fungi.	3- hydroxypropionic acid was isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation of extracts obtained from submerged cultures of several endophytic fungi isolated from above-ground plant organs. this compound showed selective nematicidal activity against the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita with ld50 values of 12.5-15 microg/ml. activity against the saprophytic caenorhabditis elegans was fivefold lower. no antimicrobial, cytotoxic or phytotoxic effects were observed. propionic acid and d- ...	2004	15587708
development of a bionematicide with paecilomyces lilacinus to control meloidogyne incognita.	root-knot disease caused by meloidogyne incognita is a matter of grave concern because it affects several economically important crop plants. the use of solid-state fermentation (ssf) may help to elaborate efficient formulations with fungi to be employed in the biologic control of nematodes. attempts were made to select low-cost substrates for spore production of a strain of paecilomyces lilacinus with known nematicide capacity. coffee husks, cassava bagasse, and defatted soybean cake were utili ...	2004	15304741
feeding and maturation by soybean looper (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae on soybean affected by weed, fungus, and nematode pests.	feeding and maturation by the soybean looper, pseudoplusia includens (walker) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were investigated in a 2-yr study on 'davis' soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., grown alone and combined with the weed hemp sesbania, sesbania exaltata (raf.) rybd. ex. a. w. hill, the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood, and the charcoal rot fungus, macrophomina phaseolina (tassi) goid. of the three pests, hemp sesbania had the greatest effects on plant growth an ...	2004	14998122
location of independent root-knot nematode resistance genes in plum and peach.	prunus species express different ranges and levels of resistance to the root-knot nematodes (rkn) meloidogyne spp. in myrobalan plum ( prunus cerasifera), the dominant ma gene confers a high-level and wide-spectrum resistance to the predominant rkn, meloidogyne arenaria, meloidogyne incognita, meloidogyne javanica and the isolate meloidogyne sp. florida which overcomes the resistance of the amygdalus sources. in japanese plum ( prunus salicina), a similar wide-spectrum dominant resistance gene, ...	2004	14569426
effect of winter cover crops on nematode population levels in north florida.	two experiments were conducted in north-central florida to examine the effects of various winter cover crops on plant-parasitic nematode populations through time. in the first experiment, six winter cover crops were rotated with summer corn (zea mays), arranged in a randomized complete block design. the cover crops evaluated were wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale), oat (avena sativa), lupine (lupinus angustifolius), hairy vetch (vicia villosa), and crimson clover (trifolium incarnat ...	2004	19262833
the promoter of the arabidopsis thaliana cel1 endo-1,4-beta glucanase gene is differentially expressed in plant feeding cells induced by root-knot and cyst nematodes.	summary transgenic tobacco and arabidopsis thaliana carrying the arabidopsis endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.4) cel1 promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene were infected with the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, and either the tobacco cyst nematode, globodera tabacum (tobacco), or beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii (arabidopsis). cel1-driven gus expression was detected in cell elongation zones of noninfected plants and within feeding sites (giant-cells) in ...	2004	20565607
chemical-mediated toxicity of n-viro soil to heterodera glycines and meloidogyne incognita.	n-viro soil (nvs) is an alkaline-stabilized municipal biosolid that has been shown to lower population densities and reduce egg hatch of heterodera glycines and other plant-parasitic nematodes; but the mechanism(s) of nematode suppression of this soil amendment are unknown. this study sought to identify nvs-mediated changes in soil chemical properties and their impact upon h. glycines and meloidogyne incognita mortality. n-viro soil was applied to sand in laboratory assays at 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, a ...	2004	19262820
effect of crotalaria juncea amendment on squash infected with meloidogyne incognita.	two greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the effect of crotalaria juncea amendment on meloidogyne incognita population levels and growth of yellow squash (cucurbita pepo). in the first experiment, four soils with a long history of receiving yard waste compost (ywc+), no-yard-waste compost (ywc-), conventional tillage, or no-tillage treatments were used; in the second experiment, only one recently cultivated soil was used. half of the amount of each soil received air-dried residues of ...	2004	19262819
isolation and characterization of pra1, a trypsin-like protease from the biocontrol agent trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 displaying nematicidal activity.	mycoparasitic trichoderma strains secrete a complex set of hydrolytic enzymes under conditions related to antagonism. several proteins with proteolytic activity were detected in culture filtrates from t. harzianum cect 2413 grown in fungal cell walls or chitin and the protein responsible for the main activity (pra1) was purified to homogeneity. the enzyme was monomeric, its estimated molecular mass was 28 kda (sds-page), and its isoelectric point 4.7-4.9. the substrate specificity and inhibition ...	2004	15221228
pepper rootstock graft compatibility and response to meloidogyne javanica and m. incognita.	resistance of pepper species (capsicum annuum, c. baccatum, c. chinense, c. chacoense, and c. frutescens), cultivars and accessions to the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita race 2 and m. javanica, and their graft compatibility with commercial pepper varieties as rootstocks were evaluated in growth chamber and greenhouse experiments. most of the plants tested were highly resistant to m. javanica but susceptible to m. incognita. capsicum annuum ar-96023 and c. frutescens accessions as root ...	2004	19262798
cyperus tubers protect meloidogyne incognita from 1,3-dichloropropene.	meloidogyne incognita-infected and noninfected tubers of yellow nutsedge (cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (cyperus rotundus) were treated with 56 l/ha 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) in microplots and subsequently examined for tuber and nematode viability in the greenhouse using a chile pepper (capsicum annuum) bioassay system. the study was conducted three times. nutsedge tuber viability and m. incognita harbored in both yellow and purple nutsedge tubers were unaffected by 1,3-d treatment. ...	2004	19262797
biochemical changes in glomus fasciculatum colonized roots of lycopersicon esculentum in presence of meloidogyne incognita.	glasshouse experiments were conducted to elicit biochemical substantiation for the observed difference in resistance to nematode infection in roots colonized by mycorrhiza, and susceptibility of the fresh flush of roots of the same plant that escaped mycorrhizal colonization. tomato roots were assayed for their biochemical profiles with respect to total proteins, total phenols, indole acetic acid, activities of polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and indole acetic acid oxidase. the r ...	2004	15339037
evaluation of asteraceae plants for control of meloidogyne incognita.	of the 56 species and 43 genera of asteraceae tested, 9 were highly resistant or immune to meloidogyne incognita and did not form root galls. twenty-six species and six cultivars had 25% or fewer roots galled and were considered moderately resistant to m. incognita. pre-planting cosmos bipinnatus (f190), gaillardia pulchella, tagetes erecta, tithonia diversifolia, or zinnia elegans (f645) reduced root galling and m. incognita j2 in and around ipomoea reptans. amendment of soils with roots, stems ...	2004	19262785
reproduction of mi-virulent meloidogyne incognita isolates on lycopersicon spp.	selection of detectable numbers of mi-virulent root-knot nematodes has necessitated a greater understanding of nematode responses to new sources of resistance. during the course of this research, we compared the reproduction of four geographically distinct mi-virulent root-knot nematode isolates on three resistant accessions of lycopersicon peruvianum. each accession carried a different resistant gene, mi-3, mi-7, or mi-8. all nematode isolates were verified as meloidogyne incognita using diagno ...	2004	19262789
use of solid-phase subtractive hybridization for the identification of parasitism gene candidates from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	summary a solid-phase subtractive strategy was used to clone parasitism gene candidates (pgcs) expressed in the oesophageal gland cells of meloidogyne incognita. nematode intestinal first-strand cdna was synthesized directly on magnetic beads and used to enrich for gland-specific sequences by high stringency hybridization to gland-cell mrna. a gland-specific cdna library was created from the nonhybridizing gland-cell mrna by long-distance reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. subtract ...	2004	20565611
effect of tea dust residues to control root-knot nematode of tomato.	in this research, control of tomato root- knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) was conducted using tea dust residues at different rates. first, the species and race of nematode were identified by employing diagnostic keys. then, with 5 replications in complete randomized design. tea dust residues were used at 9 treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g/kg of soil). statistical analysis on mean treatments rates showed that treatment with 25 g/kg soil economically was effective in growth ...	2004	15759440
effects of glucosinolates and their enzymatic hydrolysis products via myrosinase on the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita (kofoid et white) chitw.	the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita (kofoid et white) chitw. is responsible for large yield losses in several horticultural crops. fumigation with chemicals has been efficient in fighting this soil pest, but it clearly shows a negative environmental impact. thus, it is necessary to find an environmentally friendly alternative to control this nematode and meet the requirements imposed by world regulation to ban some chemical fumigants in the world after 2005. the glucosinolate-myrosinase ...	2004	15506804