Publications

preferential expression of a plant cystatin at nematode feeding sites confers resistance to meloidogyne incognita and globodera pallida.	the expression patterns of three promoters preferentially active in the roots of arabidopsis thaliana have been investigated in transgenic potato plants in response to plant parasitic nematode infection. promoter regions from the three genes, tub-1, arsk1 and rpl16a were linked to the gus reporter gene and histochemical staining was used to localize expression in potato roots in response to infection with both the potato cyst nematode, globodera pallida and the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne in ...	2004	17166138
the promoter of the arabidopsis thaliana cel1 endo-1,4-beta glucanase gene is differentially expressed in plant feeding cells induced by root-knot and cyst nematodes.	summary transgenic tobacco and arabidopsis thaliana carrying the arabidopsis endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.4) cel1 promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene were infected with the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, and either the tobacco cyst nematode, globodera tabacum (tobacco), or beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii (arabidopsis). cel1-driven gus expression was detected in cell elongation zones of noninfected plants and within feeding sites (giant-cells) in ...	2004	20565607
analysis and functional classification of transcripts from the nematode meloidogyne incognita.	plant parasitic nematodes are major pathogens of most crops. molecular characterization of these species as well as the development of new techniques for control can benefit from genomic approaches. as an entrée to characterizing plant parasitic nematode genomes, we analyzed 5,700 expressed sequence tags (ests) from second-stage larvae (l2) of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	2003	12702207
horizontally transferred genes in plant-parasitic nematodes: a high-throughput genomic approach.	published accounts of horizontally acquired genes in plant-parasitic nematodes have not been the result of a specific search for gene transfer per se, but rather have emerged from characterization of individual genes. we present a method for a high-throughput genome screen for horizontally acquired genes, illustrated using expressed sequence tag (est) data from three species of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne species.	2003	12801413
a new root-knot nematode, meloidogyne baetica n. sp. (nematoda: heteroderidae), parasitizing wild olive in southern spain.	abstract high infection rates of wild olive (olea europaea sp. sylvestris) feeder roots and soil infestation by a new root-knot nematode were found in sandy soil at vejer de la frontera (cádiz), southern spain. morphometric traits and analyses of the nematode esterase electrophoretic pattern as well as of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1)-5.8s gene and d2-d3 fragment of the 28s gene of rdna showed that specimens differed clearly from known root-knot nematodes. studies of host-parasite rel ...	2003	18944092
meloidogyne javanica on peanut in florida.	a mixed population of meloidogyne arenaria race 1 and m. javanica race 3 is reported on peanut from a field in levy county, florida. confirmation of m. javanica on peanut is based on esterase and malate dehydrogenase isozyme patterns resolved on polyacrylamide slab gels following electrophoresis, and perineal patterns. up to 29% of 290 individual females collected from peanut roots in the field in autumn 2002 showed a typical esterase j3 phenotype for m. javanica. this is the third report of m. ...	2003	19262776
reproduction of meloidogyne spp. on resistant peanut genotypes from three breeding programs.	three described species of root-knot nematode parasitize peanut (arachis hypogaea): meloidogyne arenaria race 1 (ma), m. hapla (mh), and m. javanica (mj). peanut cultivars with broad resistance to meloidogyne spp. will be useful regardless of the species present in the field. the objective of this study was to determine whether peanut genotypes with resistance to m. arenaria originating from three different breeding programs were also resistant to m. hapla and m. javanica. the experiment used a ...	2003	19262773
mechanism of resistance to meloidogyne arenaria in the peanut cultivar coan.	resistance to meloidogyne arenaria in the peanut cultivar coan is inherited as a single, dominant gene. the mechanism of resistance to m. arenaria in coan was evaluated in three experiments. in the first experiment the number of second-stage juveniles (j2) of m. arenaria penetrating roots of the susceptible cultivar florunner was higher than the number of j2 penetrating roots of the resistant peanut cultivar coan (p < 0.05). in a second experiment it was determined that the root size and number ...	2003	19265984
the heat-stable root-knot nematode resistance gene mi-9 from lycopersicon peruvianum is localized on the short arm of chromosome 6.	the tomato gene mi-1 confers resistance to three species of root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp. however, the resistance mediated by mi-1 is inactive at soil temperatures above 28 degrees c. previously, we identified and mapped a novel heat-stable nematode resistance gene from the wild species lycopersicon peruvianum accession la2157 on to chromosome 6. here we report further characterization of this heat-stable resistance against three mi-1-avirulent biotypes of meloidogyne javanica, meloidogy ...	2003	12589548
temporal formation and immunolocalization of an endospore surface epitope during pasteuria penetrans sporogenesis.	the synthesis and localization of an endospore surface epitope associated with the development of pasteuria penetrans was determined using a monoclonal antibody (mab) as a probe. nematodes, uninfected or infected with p. penetrans, were harvested at 12, 16, 24, and 38 days after inoculation (dai) and then examined to determine the developmental stage of the bacterium. vegetative growth of p. penetrans was observed only in infected nematodes harvested at 12 and 16 dai, whereas cells at different ...	2003	19262762
effect of compost and manure soil amendments on nematodes and on yields of potato and barley: a 7-year study.	a 7-year study located in prince edward island, canada, examined the influence of compost and manure on crop yield and nematode populations. the compost used in this study consisted of cull waste potatoes, sawdust, and beef manure in a 3:3:1 ratio, respectively. no plant-parasitic nematodes were detected in samples collected from windrow compost piles at 5- and 30-cm depths prior to application on field plots. low population densities of bacterial-feeding nematodes were recovered from compost wi ...	2003	19262763
meloidogyne haplanaria n. sp. (nematoda: meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing peanut in texas.	meloidogyne haplanaria n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens parasitizing peanut in texas. the perineal pattern of the female is rounded to oval with a dorsal arch that is high and rounded except for striae near the vulva, which are low with rounded shoulders. the striae are distinctly forked in the lateral field, and punctations often occur as a small group near the tail tip and singly within the whole perineal pattern. the female stylet is 13-16 microm long and has broad, distinct ...	2003	19262770
competition of meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton following separate and concomitant inoculations.	it has been hypothesized rotylenchulus reniformis (rr) has a competitive advantage over meloidogyne incognita (mi) in the southeastern cotton production region of the united states. this study examines the reproduction and development of meloidogyne incognita (mi) and rotylenchulus reniformis (rr) in separate and concomitant infections on cotton. under greenhouse conditions, cotton seedlings were inoculated simultaneously with juveniles (j2) of m. incognita and vermiform adults of r. reniformis ...	2003	19262774
interactions between meloidogyne artiellia, the cereal and legume root-knot nematode, and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 in chickpea.	abstract in the mediterranean basin, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and the root-knot nematode meloidogyne artiellia coinfect chickpea. the influence of root infection (after inoculation with 20 nematode eggs and second-stage juveniles per gram of soil) by two m. artiellia populations, from italy and syria, on the reaction of chickpea lines and cultivars with partial resistance to fusarium wilt (ca 252.10.1.om, ca 255.2.5.0, cps 1, and pv 61) and with complete resistance to f. oxysporum f. sp ...	2003	18943615
efficacy of paecilomyces lilacinus (strain 251) for the control of root-knot nematodes.	the egg pathogenic fungus paecilomyces lilacinus (strain 251), is a unique strain with a wide range of activity against the most important plant parasitic nematodes. due to increased production capacity by solid state fermentation and a new water dispersible granule (wdg) formulation, this biological nematicide may be used in an integrated approach to control plant parasitic nematodes. dose response experiments were conducted with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita on tomatoes using th ...	2003	15149100
managing the mycorrhizosphere--an approach to sustainable agriculture after the phaseout of methyl bromide?	plant health promoting rhizobacteria (phpr) with known biocontrol activity toward the root knot nematode, meloidogyne incognito, were tested for their ability to promote root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on tomato under greenhouse conditions. in addition, bacteria isolated from mycorrhizal spores were tested for their direct biological control activity on nematode early root penetration. the nematode antagonistic rhizobacteria rhizobium etli g12 significantly increased mycorrhiza ...	2003	15149101
study on interaction between root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica and wilt fungus verticillium dahliae on olive seedlings in greenhouse.	verticillium dahliae has been reported as a limiting factor in cotton, olive, potato and tomato fields from several countries in the world. root-knot nematodes meloidogyne javanica causes considerable damage to olive groves in olive growing areas. since the presence of these two pathogens in olive trees and seedlings were confirmed in golestan province, this study was proposed to find the mode of their action and interaction with olive seedlings in greenhouse. the non-defoliant strain of the fun ...	2003	15149103
expression of an arabidopsis phosphoglycerate mutase homologue is localized to apical meristems, regulated by hormones, and induced by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes.	we previously isolated a partial soybean cdna clone whose transcript abundance is increased upon infection by the sedentary, endoparasitic soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. we now isolated the corresponding full-length cdna and determined that the predicted gene product was similar to the group of cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase/bisphosphoglycerate mutase enzymes (pgm/bpgm; ec 5.4.2.1/5.4.2.4). we designated the corresponding soybean gene gmpgm. pgm and bpgm are key catalysts ...	2003	15010616
lotus japonicus: a new model to study root-parasitic nematodes.	sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes engage in complex interactions, and induce specialized feeding structures by redirecting plant developmental pathways, and parallels have been observed with rhizobial nodule development on legumes. a model legume would greatly facilitate a better understanding of the differences between parasitic (nematode) and mutualistic (rhizobia and mycorrhizae) symbioses, and we have developed lotus japonicus as such a model. conditions for efficient parasitism by root-kn ...	2003	14634154
[diseases and its control on dendrobium].	the diseases on the dendrobium plants and their occurrence and damage as well as control methods have been investigated and studied. 11 kinds of fungi, 4 kinds of bacteria, 3 kinds of virus and one root-knot nematode were recorded. to control them effectively, cultural methods such as selecting cultivable field, keeping the field sanitation, enhancing cultural operations are mostly recommended. the application of chemical germicides is also stressed.	2003	14650056
induction of the hahsp17.7g4 promoter by root-knot nematodes: involvement of heat-shock elements in promoter activity in giant cells.	root-knot nematodes feed from specialized giant cells induced in the plants that they parasitize. we found that the promoter of the hahsp17.7g4 gene, which encodes a small heat-shock protein involved in embryogenesis and stress responses, directed gus expression in tobacco galls induced by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. in roots containing a gus reporter fusion to the hahsp17.7g4 promoter, 10% of the galls stained for gus expression 1 to 3 days after infection and the fraction sta ...	2003	14651339
investigation of alternatives to methyl bromide for management of meloidogyne javanica on greenhouse grown tomato.	the root galling index and the densities of eggs in roots and juveniles in soil of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica (treub) chitwood on tomato, and the effect of these on crop yield were assessed in greenhouse experiments applying various treatments at two different sites in crete, greece. tomato crops were grown for four cycles by rotating nematode-resistant (first and third spring crops) with susceptible (second and fourth autumn crops) cultivars and receiving the following treatmen ...	2003	14667053
characterization of bacillus thuringiensis ser. jordanica (serotype h71), a novel serovariety isolated in jordan.	the novel strain of bacillus thuringiensis j112 isolated from a soil sample in jordan was classified and characterized in terms of toxicity against dipteran and nematode larvae, crystal protein pattern, plasmid profile, and cry gene content. a new name, bacillus thuringiensis serovariety jordanica (h serotype 71), is proposed for the reference strain j112. the parasporal crystal proteins were toxic to 3(rd) instar larvae of drosophila melanogaster and to 2(nd) stage juveniles of root knot nemato ...	2003	12783189
nematicidal activity of some sri lankan plants.	nineteen solvent extracts from seven sri lankan plants were examined for nematicidal activity against the root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. extracts of allophyhu cobbe, lepisanthes tetraphylla (sapindaceae), sarcococca zeylanica (buxaceae) and hedyotis lawsoniae (rubiaceae) have shown significant nematicidal activity.	2003	12822904
non-pathogenic fusarium solani represses the biosynthesis of nematicidal compounds in vitro and reduces the biocontrol of meloidogyne javanica by pseudomonas fluorescens in tomato.	the aim of the present investigation was to determine the influence of various fusarium solani strains on the production of nematicidal agent(s) in vitro and biocontrol of meloidogyne javanica in tomato by pseudomonas fluorescens strains cha0 and cha0/pme3424.	2003	12859651
development of a new management strategy for the control of root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp) in organic vegetable production.	the nematophagous fungus, pochonia chlamydosporia (goddard) zare & gams, has been investigated as a potential biological control agent for use in integrated pest management strategies for meloidogyne incognita (kof & white) chitwood in vegetable crops. the release of the fungus as a biological control agent requires a diagnostic method to monitor its spread in the environment and to gain knowledge of its ecology. only molecular methods are sufficiently discriminating to enable the detection of s ...	2003	12587872
improvement of pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 biocontrol activity against root-knot nematode by the addition of ammonium molybdate.	to improve the efficacy of pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 and its genetically modified (gm) derivatives by adding ammonium molybdate to control meloidogyne javanica, the root-knot nematode in mungbean.	2003	12641719
competition between heterodera glycines and meloidogyne incognita or pratylenchus penetrans: independent infection rate measurements.	competition on soybean between heterodera glycines (race 3) and meloidogyne incognita or h. glycines and pratylenchus penetrans were investigated in greenhouse experiments. each pair of nematode species was mixed in 3-ml suspensions at ratios of 1,000:0, 750:250, 500:500, 250:750, and 0:1,000 second-stage juveniles or mixed stages for p. penetrans. nematodes from a whole root system were counted and infection rates standardized per 1,000 nematodes (per replication) prior to testing the null hypo ...	2003	19265967
intercropping cover crops with pineapple for the management of rotylenchulus reniformis.	effect of cover crops intercropped with pineapple (ananas comosus) on rotylenchulus reniformis population densities and activity of nematode-trapping fungi (ntf) were evaluated in two cycles of cover crop and pineapple. sunn hemp (crotalaria juncea), rapeseed (brassica napus), african marigold (tagetes erecta), or weeds were intercropped with pineapples. beds planted with sunn hemp or rapeseed had lower population densities of r. reniformis than african marigold, weeds, or pineapple plots during ...	2003	19265973
effects of acibenzolar-s-methyl application to rotylenchulus reniformis and meloidogyne javanica.	effects of acibenzolar-s-methyl, an inducer of systemic acquired resistance in plants, on rotylenchulus reniformis and meloidogyne javanica in vitro and in vivo were determined. a single foliar application of acibenzolar at 50 mg/liter (5 ml of solution per plant) to 7-day-old cowpea or soybean seedlings decreased r. reniformis and m. javanica egg production by 50% 30 days after inoculation. the mechanism of acibenzolar on plant-parasitic nematodes was then investigated. acibenzolar at 50 to 200 ...	2003	19265983
the use of olive mill wastes for the control of root-knot nematodes.	the suppressive effect of olive mill wastes was tested in a field experiment in sandy soil, infested by meloidogyne incognita, in the province of lecce, southern italy. the field was subdivided in 12 m2 plots distributed at random in four blocks. treatment consisted of different dosages (10, 20 and 40 t/ha) of two composts prepared with either exhausted or fresh olive pomace or raw extraction sewage at rate of 40 or 80 m3/ha. there were four untreated control plots and four plots on which the gr ...	2003	15149102
a profile of putative parasitism genes expressed in the esophageal gland cells of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	identifying parasitism genes encoding proteins secreted from a nematode's esophageal gland cells and injected through its stylet into plant tissue is the key to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism of plants. meloidogyne incognita parasitism genes were cloned by microaspirating the cytoplasm from the esophageal gland cells of different parasitic stages to provide mrna to create a gland cell-specific cdna library by long-distance reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ...	2003	12744507
management of root-knot nematode in tomato lycopersicon esculentum, mill, with biogas slurry.	the effect of biogas slurry application on the severity of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, attack on tomato cv. co-1, was tested in the green house with two levels of biogas slurry: 5% and 10% (w/w) added to soil. both the number (3 fruits/plant) and fruit yield (35.2 g/plant) of tomato increased significantly with 10% (w/w) biogas slurry. the plants amended with biogas slurry put up more vegetative growth and tended to flower and fruit much earlier than did those of the control. the ...	2003	12699936
relationship of aerial broad band reflectance to meloidogyne incognita density in cotton.	aerial images were obtained on 22 july 1999 and 4 august 2000 from five cotton sites infested with meloidogyne incognita. images contained three broad bands representing the green (500-600 nm), red (600-700 nm), and near-infrared (700-900 nm) spectrum. soil samples were collected and assayed for nematodes in the fall at these sites. sampling locations were identified from images, by locating the coordinates of a wide range of light intensity (measured as a digital number) for each single band, a ...	2003	19265974
effect of artemisia vulgaris rhizome extracts on hatching, mortality, and plant infectivity of meloidogyne megadora.	the activity of an ethanolic rhizome extract of artemisia vulgaris against hatching, mortality, host plant infectivity, and galling of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne megadora was investigated. the extract inhibited egg hatch (50% inhibition by 2.35mg/ml) and caused second-stage juvenile mortality (50% lethality at 12 hours' exposure to 55.67 mg/ml), both in a dose-dependent manner. nematode infectivity on phaseolus vulgaris 'bencanta trepar', a susceptible host, decreased in a dose-responsiv ...	2003	19262777
pathogenic variability among isolates of meloidogyne javanica on capsicum annum.	meloidogyne javanica isolates were collected from nine districts of uttar pradesh. these isolates showed pathogenic variability when inoculated on the pepper cultivars california wonder and suryamukhi green. meloidogyne javanica that infected suryamukhi green but not california wonder were designated as pepper race 1 and the populations that infected both the cultivars were designated pepper race 2. race 1 was more frequent than race 2 in almora, pauri garhwal, basti, gorakhpur, and deoria, wher ...	2003	19262775
differential display analysis of gene expression in the cytoplasm of giant cells induced in tomato roots by meloidogyne javanica.	summary giant cells induced by root-knot nematodes are highly specialized cells which function as transfer cells and provide nutrients to support the growth and reproduction of the nematode. changes in the overall pattern of gene expression in giant cells occur during the formation and maintenance of the nematode feeding cells. differential display analysis has been carried out to detect changes in gene expression in giant cells induced in tomato roots by meloidogyne javanica, using mrna isolate ...	2003	20569396
aphid-induced defense responses in mi-1-mediated compatible and incompatible tomato interactions.	the tomato mi-1 gene confers resistance to three species of root-knot nematode and potato aphid. we studied changes in expression of jasmonic acid (ja)- and salicylic acid (sa)-dependent defense genes in response to potato and green peach aphids. we determined changes in three pr proteins, lipoxygenase and proteinase inhibitors i and ii transcripts, locally and systemically in both compatible and incompatible interactions in tomato. transcripts for pr-1 were detected earlier and accumulated to h ...	2003	12906114
the root-knot nematode resistance gene mi-1.2 of tomato is responsible for resistance against the whitefly bemisia tabaci.	the tomato gene mi-1.2 confers resistance against root-knot nematodes and some isolates of potato aphid. resistance to the whitefly bemisia tabaci previously has been observed in mi-bearing commercial tomato cultivars, suggesting that mi, or a closely linked gene, is responsible for the resistance. the response of two biotypes of b. tabaci to tomato carrying the cloned mi was compared with that of the isogenic untransformed tomato line moneymaker. our results indicate that mi-1.2 is responsible ...	2003	12848430
root-knot nematode parasitism and host response: molecular basis of a sophisticated interaction.	summary taxonomy: eukaryota; metazoa; nematoda; chromadorea; order tylenchida; tylenchoidea; heteroderidae; genus meloidogyne. physical properties: microscopic-non-segmented worms. meloidogyne species can reproduce by apomixis, facultative meiotic parthenogenesis or obligate mitotic parthenogenesis. obligate biotrophic parasites inducing the re-differentiation of plant cells into specialized feeding cells. hosts: meloidogyne spp. can infest more than 3000 plant species including vegetables, frui ...	2003	20569382
leucine-rich repeat-mediated intramolecular interactions in nematode recognition and cell death signaling by the tomato resistance protein mi.	the root-knot nematode resistance gene mi from tomato encodes a nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (nb/lrr) protein with a novel amino-terminal domain compared to related disease-resistance genes. the closely linked paralog mi-1.1, which does not confer nematode resistance, encodes a protein 91% identical to the functional copy, mi-1.2. the chimeric construct mi-ds3, which encodes the 161 amino-terminal residues from mi-1.1 fused to the remainder of mi-1.2, induces localized necrosis when tr ...	2003	12787241
meloidogyne javanica chorismate mutase transcript expression profile using real-time quantitative rt-pcr.	a developmental expression profile of the meloidodgyne javanica esophageal gland gene chorismate mutase-1 (mj-cm-1) could suggest when in the lifecycle of the nematode the mj-cm-1 product is functional. this study used real-time quantitative rt-pcr to examine the variation in mj-cm-1 transcript levels over six timepoints in the nematode lifecycle: egg, infective second-stage juveniles (inf-j2), 2-day post-inoculation (pi), 7-day pi, 14-day pi, and adult. the mj-cm-1 mrna levels peaked at 2-day p ...	2003	19265979
meloidogyne javanica chorismate mutase 1 alters plant cell development.	root-knot nematodes are obligate plant parasites that alter plant cell growth and development by inducing the formation of giant cells for feeding. nematodes inject secretions from their esophageal glands through their stylet and into plant cells to induce giant cell formation. meloidogyne javanica chorismate mutase 1 (mjcm-1) is one such esophageal gland protein likely to be secreted from the nematode as giant cells form. mjcm-1 has two domains, an n-terminal chorismate mutase (cm) domain and a ...	2003	12575746
does the presence of detached root border cells of zea mays alter the activity of the pathogenic nematode meloidogyne incognita?	abstract the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita is a major pathogen of a range of important crops. currently, control is typically achieved by the use of nematicides. however, recent work suggests that manipulating the ability of roots to slough off border cells, which then act as a decoy to the nematode, can significantly decrease damage to the roots. we investigated the attractiveness of border cells to m. incognita and the response of the nematode to border cells in close proximity. we ...	2003	18944094
a set of genes differentially expressed between avirulent and virulent meloidogyne incognita near-isogenic lines encode secreted proteins.	a cdna-amplification fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based strategy has been used to identify genes differentially expressed between two pairs of near-isogenic lines (nil) of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita either avirulent or virulent against the tomato mi resistance gene. gene expression profiles from infective second-stage juveniles (j2) were compared, and 22 of the 24,025 transcript-derived fragments (tdf) generated proved to be differential, i.e., present in both avirulent ...	2003	14651341
induction of tolerance to root-knot nematode by oxycom.	oxycom applications increased plant growth and population levels of meloidogyne incognita on susceptible tomato. a single oxycom drench at 2,500 ppm applied 7 days prior to inoculation with m. incognita provided remediation of plant growth measured 63 days later. this occurred without reducing nematode population levels. follow-up drenches at 2,500 ppm at 10-day intervals stunted shoots and roots (p = 0.05). the same application rates at 20-day intervals did not reduce plant growth. plants recei ...	2003	19262766
sensitivity of meloidogyne javanica and tylenchulus semipenetrans to isothiocyanates in laboratory assays.	abstract isothiocyanates are released through enzymatic degradation of glucosinolates produced by plants in the family brassicaceae. glucosinolate profiles differ among plant species and the isothiocyanate derivatives differ in their toxicity to nematodes. control of plant-parasitic nematodes in soil by isothiocyanates released from incorporated brassicaceous plant material has been inconsistent. success might be improved with knowledge of the relative toxicities of various isothiocyanates again ...	2003	18943062
inheritance of resistance to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica in lettuce.	resistance to the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne spp. would be a valuable attribute of lettuce lactuca sativa l. cultivars grown in tropical regions. the looseleaf lettuce 'grand rapids' is resistant to both m. incognita and m. javanica. resistance to m. incognita has a high heritability, under the control of a single gene locus, in which the 'grand rapids' allele, responsible for resistance (me), has predominantly additive gene action, and has incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. w ...	2002	14963814
characterization of meloidogyne javanica surface coat with antibodies and their effect on nematode behaviour.	the surface coat of the 2nd-stage juveniles (j2) of plant-parasitic nematodes is considered to be involved in interactions with microorganisms in the soil and rhizosphere, as well as with the host plant. characterization of surface antigens might be important in the development of new nematode control strategies. in this study, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised against meloidogyne javanica, m. incognita and other plant-parasitic nematodes were tested for their binding to the surface co ...	2002	12211610
effects of etomopathiogenic nematodes on meloidogyne javanica on tomatoes and soybeans.	two hawaiian isolates of steinernema feltiae mg-14 and heterohabditis indica mg-13, a french isolate of s. feltiae sn, and a texan isolate of s. riobrave tx were tested for their efficacy against the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanica, in the laboratory and greenhouse. experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of treatment application time and dose on m. javanica penetration in soybean, and egg production and plant development in tomato. two experiments conducted to assess the ...	2002	19265939
preparation of meloidogyne javanica near-isogenic lines virulent and avirulent against the tomato resistance gene mi and preliminary analyses of the genetic variation between the two lines.	meloidogyne javanica, reproducing by mitotic parthenogenesis, is an economically important pathogen of a wide range of crops. a pair of near-isogenic lines virulent and avirulent toward the tomato resistance gene mi were prepared for m. javanica by continuously selecting an avirulent population on the resistant tomato cultivar momotaro over 19 generations. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis with 102 primers revealed that rapd patterns were highly conserved between the virulent and ...	2002	12182073
cloning and characterization of an esophageal-gland-specific pectate lyase from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica.	root-knot nematodes (meloidogynejavanica) are obligate sedentary endoparasites that must penetrate the host root to initiate their life cycle. many enzymes are secreted by the nematode to facilitate host penetration; required enzymes may include pectate lyases and cellulases. using differential screening, a class iii pectate lyase, mj-pel-1 (m. javanica pectate lyase 1), was cloned from a library enriched for esophageal gland genes. dna gel blotting confirmed that the mj-pel-1 gene was of nemato ...	2002	12059103
resistance and host-response of selected plants to meloidogyne megadora.	fourteen plant species, including 30 genotypes, were assessed for host suitability to meloidogyne megadora in a growth room at 20 to 28 degrees c. host suitability was based on the gall index (gi) and the reproduction factor (rf):final population density (pf)/initial population density (pi). the presence of distinct galling was observed on roots of six plant species, and reproduction occurred on five of the 14 species tested. three cultivars of cantaloupe (cvs. branco do ribatejo, concerto, and ...	2002	19265922
high-throughput targeted ssr marker development in peach (prunus persica).	simple sequence repeats (ssrs) have proven to be highly polymorphic, easily reproducible, codominant markers. however, developing an ssr map is very time consuming and expensive, and most ssrs are not specifically linked to gene loci of immediate interest. the ideal situation would be to combine a high-throughput, relatively inexpensive mapping technique with rapid identification of ssr loci in mapped regions of interest. for this reason, we coupled the high-throughput technique of aflp mapping ...	2002	11962629
registration of m1-2 beet germplasm resistant to root-knot nematode.		2002	11756310
registration of two root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasm lines.		2002	11756306
arabidopsis thaliana mutants with an altered susceptibility to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	sedentary endoparasitic nematodes of plants are obligate parasites of roots in which they complete their sophisticated life cycle. to study the plant/root-knot nematode interaction, a screening was performed for mutants of arabidopsis thaliana that were less susceptible to nematode infection. ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized a. thaliana m2 seeds (13,000) were germinated and the seedlings were screened in vitro for nematode susceptibility. another 5,000 plants were screened in a sand mixture un ...	2002	12491969
non-traditional legumes as potential soil amendments for nematode control.	dried ground plant tissues from 20 leguminous species were mixed with meloidogyne incognita-infested soil at 1, 2 or 2.5, and 5% (w/w) and incubated for 1 week at room temperature (21 to 27 degrees c). tomato ('rutgers') seedlings were transplanted into infested soil to determine nematode viability. most tissues reduced gall numbers below the non-amended controls. the tissue amendments that were most effective include: canavalia ensiformis, crotalaria retusa, indigofera hirsuta, i. nummularifoli ...	2002	19265956
red food coloring stain: new, safer procedures for staining nematodes in roots and egg masses on root surfaces.	acid fuchsin and phloxine b are commonly used to stain plant-parasitic nematodes in roots and egg masses on root surfaces, respectively. both stains can be harmful to both the user and the environment and require costly waste disposal procedures. we developed safer methods to replace both stains using mccormick schilling red food color. eggs, juveniles, and adults of meloidogyne incognita stained in roots with red food color were equally as visible as those stained with acid fuchsin. egg masses ...	2002	19265929
effects of site-specific application of aldicarb on cotton in a meloidogyne incognita-infested field.	cotton farmers in missouri commonly apply a single rate of aldicarb throughout the field at planting to protect their crop from meloidogyne incognita, even though these nematodes are spatially aggregated. our purpose was to determine the effect of site-specific application of aldicarb on cotton production in a field infested with these nematodes in 1997 and 1998. cotton yields were collected from sites not treated with aldicarb (control), sites receiving aldicarb at the standard recommended rate ...	2002	19265917
protein variability in meloidogyne spp. (nematoda:meloidogynidae) revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.	total protein variation as revealed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2d-e) was studied in 18 isolates from populations of meloidogyne arenaria (six isolates), meloidogyne incognita (10 isolates), and meloidogyne javanica (one isolate) plus an unclassified isolate. gels (80 x 60 x 0.75 mm) were silverstained and digitized in order to compare their protein patterns. optical density and position of protein patterns were measured using statistical cluster analysis and computer-assisted image anal ...	2002	12645913
the endosymbiosis-induced genes enod40 and ccs52a are involved in endoparasitic-nematode interactions in medicago truncatula.	plants associate with a wide range of mutualistic and parasitic biotrophic organisms. here, we investigated whether beneficial plant symbionts and biotrophic pathogens induce distinct or overlapping regulatory pathways in medicago truncatula. the symbiosis between sinorhizobium meliloti and this plant results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules requiring the activation of specific genes in the host plant. we studied expression patterns of nodule-expressed genes after infection with ...	2002	12437298
genetics of resistance to meloidogyne incognita in crosses of grape rootstocks.	progeny testing was used to investigate the value of selected grape varieties as parents in breeding nematode-resistant rootstocks. six pistillate-flowered rootstocks (ramsey, dog ridge, harmony, freedom, 1613c, and 161-49c) and four staminate-flowered rootstocks (riparia gloire, 3309c, 1616c, and st. george) were used. each male was crossed to each female. six weeks after inoculation with 1,500 second-stage juveniles of meloidogyne incognita race 3, roots were stained in an aqueous solution of ...	2002	12582495
quantification in soil and the rhizosphere of the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium by competitive pcr and comparison with selective plating.	a competitive pcr (cpcr) assay was developed to quantify the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium in soil. a gamma-irradiated soil was seeded with different numbers of chlamydospores from v. chlamydosporium isolate 10, and samples were obtained at time intervals of up to 8 weeks. samples were analyzed by cpcr and by plating onto a semiselective medium. the results suggested that saprophytic v. chlamydosporium growth did occur in soil and that the two methods detected different phase ...	2002	11916704
a novel root-specific gene, mic-3, with increased expression in nematode-resistant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) after root-knot nematode infection.	a full-length cdna, mic-3, has been identified from a lambda zapii cdna library constructed from the mrna of nematode-resistant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) roots after infection with root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). the putative open reading frame of mic-3 encoded a protein of 141 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 15.3 kda. seven alternative polyadenylation sites have been identified for the mic-3 transcripts, and the major transcripts are the longest ones. the mic-3 ...	2002	12031505
a polygalacturonase of animal origin isolated from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	the first animal polygalacturonase (pg, ec 2.1.15) encoding cdna, mi-pg-1, was cloned from the plant parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita. the enzymatic activity of mi-pg-1 was confirmed after heterologous expression in escherichia coli. the presence of a predicted signal peptide on the mi-pg-1 sequence together with the specific localization of the transcripts of the mi-pg-1 gene in the oesophageal glands of infective juveniles imply that mi-pg-1 could be secreted into plant tissues. the po ...	2002	12095628
characterization of a cdna related to k-cl cotransporters in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.	we report the cloning of a full-length cdna from the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita, which encodes a putative protein of 1082 amino acids showing high similarity with k-cl cotransporters (kccs) from the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans (54% identity) and from a number of mammals, including human. hydropathy analysis indicates typical kcc topology patterns, with a hydrophylic nh2-terminal region, 12 membrane-spanning domains, and a long cooh-terminal hydrophylic region. ...	2002	12180345
zinc and glycerol enhance the production of nematicidal compounds in vitro and improve the biocontrol of meloidogyne javanica in tomato by fluorescent pseudomonads.	to assess the effects of various carbon and mineral sources on the nematicidal potential of biocontrol inoculants of pseudomonas aeruginosa ie-6s+ and ps. fluorescens cha0 under laboratory and glasshouse conditions.	2002	12180943
fungal egg-parasites of plant-parasitic nematodes from spanish soils.	we have investigated the presence of fungal egg-parasites in spanish soils with plant endoparasitic nematodes. nine out of 68 samples (13%) yielded fungal parasites. the most common (seven strains) was pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (= verticillium chlamydosporium var. chlamydosporium), but lecanicillium lecanii (= verticillium lecanii) and paecilomyces lilacinus were also found. most strains were from cyst nematodes (heterodera avenae or heterodera schachtii). biological factors re ...	2002	12828513
relationship between crop losses and initial population densities of meloidogyne arenaria in winter-grown oriental melon in korea.	to determine the economic threshold level, oriental melon (cucumis melo l. cv. geumssaragi-euncheon) grafted on shintozoa (cucurbita maxima x cu. moschata) was planted in plots (2 x 3 m) under a plastic film in february with a range of initial population densities (pi) of meloidogyne arenaria. the relationships of early, late, and total yield to pi measured in september and january were adequately described by both linear regression and the seinhorst damage model. initial nematode densities in s ...	2002	19265907
characterization of the (gaaa) microsatellite region in the plant parasitic nematode meloidogyne artiellia.	microsatellites have become one of the most powerful genetic markers in biology. we have used dna sequencing to characterize a highly variable microsatellite (gaaa) locus in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne artiellia. the use of microsatellite flanking primers produced four amplification products that are defined as electromorphs, based on conventional length criteria. the sequencing of these four amplification products revealed the presence of new variants in the population due to sequence va ...	2002	12137957
activation of a pollenin promoter upon nematode infection.	three glycine-rich protein genes of arabidopsis thaliana (atgrp-6, atgrp-7, and atgrp-8) that correspond to putative genes coding for pollenins (atolnb;2, atolnb;3, and atolnb;4, respectively) are expressed predominantly in the anthers and, more specifically, in the tapetum layer. tapetal cells are responsible for nutrition of developing pollen grains and show some functional similarities to nematode feeding sites (nfs) induced in plant roots by sedentary parasitic nematodes. the aim of this stu ...	2002	19265912
the potato virus y m(s)n(r) nib-replicase is the elicitor of a veinal necrosis-hypersensitive response in root knot nematode resistant tobacco.	summary a root knot nematode resistance gene in nicotiana tabacum, rk, providing resistance to the nematode parasite meloidogyne incognita is tightly linked to, or is a pleiotropic gene with a veinal necrosis systemic hypersensitive response to infection by potato virus y (pvy) m(s)n(r). the single pvy m(s)n(r) open reading frame was sequenced and found to have 89% protein identity to pvy n. individual pvy m(s)n(r) polypeptides were deduced and the corresponding cdna were cloned into a potato vi ...	2002	20569320
a species-specific satellite dna family in the genome of the coffee root-knot nematode meloidogyne exigua: application to molecular diagnostics of the parasite.	summary a new bglii satellite dna has been isolated, cloned and sequenced from the coffee root-knot nematode, meloidogyne exigua (nematoda: tylenchida). it is represented as tandemly repeated sequences with a monomeric unit of 277 bp. the monomers are present at approximately 17 900 copies per haploid genome, and represent about 9.7% of the total genomic dna. twenty randomly chosen monomers have been sequenced. the deduced unambiguous consensus sequence is 277 bp long, and displays an a + t cont ...	2002	20569350
effects of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) rotations with peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) on nematode populations and soil microflora.	a 3-year field rotation study was conducted to assess the potential of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) to suppress root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne arenaria), southern blight (sclerotium rolfsii), and aflatoxigenic fungi (aspergillus sp.) in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) and to assess shifts in microbial populations following crop rotation. switchgrass did not support populations of root-knot nematodes but supported high populations of nonparasitic nematodes. peanut with no nematicide applied and ...	2002	19265915
plant sources of chinese herbal remedies: laboratory efficacy, suppression of meloidogyne javanica in soil, and phytotoxicity assays.	extracts of chinese herbal medicines from plants representing 13 families were tested for their ability to suppress plant-parasitic nematodes. effective concentration (ec(50) and ec(90)) levels for 18 of the extracts were determined in laboratory assays with meloidogyne javanica juveniles and all stages of pratylenchus vulnus. efficacy of 17 extracts was tested against m. javanica in soil. generally, ec(50) and ec(90) values determined in the laboratory were useful indicators for application rat ...	2002	19265919
eggs of tylenchulus semipenetrans inhibit growth of phytophthora nicotianae and fusarium solani in vitro.	in previous greenhouse and laboratory studies, citrus seedlings infested with the citrus nematode tylenchulus semipenetrans and later inoculated with the fungus phylophthora nicotianae grew larger and contained less fungal protein in root tissues than plants infected by only the fungus, demonstrating antagonism of the nematode to the fungus. in this study, we determined whether eggs of the citrus nematode t. semipenetrans and root-knot nematode meloidogyne arenaria affected mycelial growth of p. ...	2002	19265943
phylogenetic analyses of meloidogyne small subunit rdna.	phylogenies were inferred from nearly complete small subunit (ssu) 18s rdna sequences of 12 species of meloidogyne and 4 outgroup taxa (globodera pallida, nacobbus abberans, subanguina radicicola, and zygotylenchus guevarai). alignments were generated manually from a secondary structure model, and computationally using clustalx and treealign. trees were constructed using distance, parsimony, and likelihood algorithms in paup* 4.0b4a. obtained tree topologies were stable across algorithms and ali ...	2002	19265950
development of multi-component transplant mixes for suppression of meloidogyne incognita on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum).	the effects of combinations of organic amendments, phytochemicals, and plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) germination, transplant growth, and infectivity of meloidogyne incognita were evaluated. two phytochemicals (citral and benzaldehyde), three organic amendments (pine bark, chitin, and hemicellulose), and three bacteria (serratia marcescens, brevibacterium iodinum, and pseudomonas fluorescens) were assessed. increasing rates of benzaldehyde and citral red ...	2002	19265957
seasonal populations of pratylenchus penetrans and meloidogyne hapla in strawberry roots.	strawberry roots were sampled through the year to determine the populations and distribution of pratylenchus penetrans and meloidogyne hapla. three strawberry root types were sampled-structural roots; feeder roots without secondary tissues; and suberized, black perennial roots. both lesion and root-knot nematodes primarily infected feeder roots from structural roots or healthy perennial roots. few nematodes were recovered from soil, diseased roots, or suberized roots. lesion nematode recovery wa ...	2002	19265965
a role of the gelatinous matrix in the resistance of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne spp.) eggs to microorganisms.	the survival of eggs of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica was studied in a series of experiments comparing the infectivity of egg masses (em) to that of separated eggs (se). the em or se were placed in the centers of pots containing citrus orchard soil and incubated for 24 hours, 10 days, or 20 days. following each incubation time, 10-day-old tomato plants were planted in each pot, and 3 to 4 weeks later the plants were harvested and the galling indices determined. in the em treatments ...	2001	19265882
effect of sorghum-sudangrass and velvetbean cover crops on plant-parasitic nematodes associated with potato production in florida.	in a 3-year field study, population densities of belonolaimus longicaudatus and other plant-parasitic nematodes and crop yields were compared between potato (solanum tuberosum) cropping systems where either sorghum-sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. arundinaceum) or velvetbean (mucuna pruriens) was grown as a summer cover crop. population densities of b. longicaudatus, paratrichodorus minor, tylenchorhynchus sp., and mesocriconema sp. increased on sorghum-sudangrass. population densities of p. min ...	2001	19265888
cuticle heterogeneity as exhibited by pasteuria spore attachment is not linked to the phylogeny of parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.).	the cuticle is a major barrier prohibiting the infection of nematodes against micro-organisms. the attachment of bacterial spores of the nematode hyperparasite pasteuria penetrans (pp1) to field populations of root-knot nematodes (rkn, meloidogyne spp.) from burkino faso, ecuador, greece, malawi, senegal and trinidad and tobago were assayed in standard attachment tests. the attachment of spore population pp1 to different field populations of root-knot nematode showed that the rates of attachment ...	2001	11197759
effects of rhizobacteria and root symbionts on the reproduction of meloidogyne javanica and growth of chickpea.	the effects of rhizobacteria, i.e. pseudomonas fluorescens, azotobacter chyroococcum and azospirillum brasilense, alone and in combination with root symbionts, rhizobium sp. and glomus mosseae, on the growth of chickpea, cicer arietinum, and reproduction of meloidogyne jaranica were studied. when added alone g. mosseae was better at improving plant growth and reducing galling and nematode reproduction than any other tested organism. application of p. fluorescens caused an almost similar increase ...	2001	11396906
nematode-antagonistic trichothecenes from fusarium equiseti.	a strain of the fungus fusarium equiseti isolated from soybean cyst nematode secretes nematode-antagonistic compounds. bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of the culture broth was undertaken to identify the compounds. fractions were assayed for activity against a root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita), a plant pathogen that attacks the roots of numerous plant species. two trichothecene compounds were isolated that inhibited egg hatch and immobilized second-stage juveniles of this nem ...	2001	11471940
isolation of a novel collagen gene (mj-col-5) in meloidogyne javanica and analysis of its expression pattern.	mj-col-5, isolated from the plant parasitic nematode meloidogyne javanica, has a longer carboxy-terminus than other members of the caenorhabditis elegans col-6 subfamily of cuticle collagen, including an extra tyrosine residue, and may form altered nonreducible cross-linkages. by semiquantitative determination at different life stages, mj-col-5 transcript was shown to be more abundant in eggs than in juveniles/young females and adult females. to characterize further this gene's contribution to t ...	2001	11534644
the tomato rme1 locus is required for mi-1-mediated resistance to root-knot nematodes and the potato aphid.	the tomato mi-1 gene confers resistance against root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.) and a biotype of the potato aphid (macrosiphum euphorbiae). four mutagenized mi-1/mi-1 tomato populations were generated and screened for altered root-knot nematode resistance. four independent mutants belonging to two phenotypic classes were isolated. one mutant was chosen for further analyzes; rme1 (for resistance to meloidogyne) exhibited levels of infection comparable with those found on susceptible contro ...	2001	11576426
the interaction between the gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin and the attachment of pasteuria penetrans endospores to nematode cuticle.	pasteuria penetrans is a gram-positive endospore-producing bacterium that is a parasite of root-knot nematodes. attachment of endospores to the cuticle of the nematode is the first stage in the infection process. western blot analysis with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that recognize the 30 kda heparin-binding domain (hbd) and the 45 kda gelatin-binding domain (gbd) fragments of human fibronectin (fn) revealed a series of polypeptides of approximately 40, 45 and 55 kda present in crude cu ...	2001	11578090
endophytic colonization of plants by the biocontrol agent rhizobium etli g12 in relation to meloidogyne incognita infection.	abstract the external and internal colonization of potato and arabidopsis roots by the biocontrol strain rhizobium etli g12 containing a plasmidborne trp promoter green fluorescent protein transcriptional fusion, pgt-trp, was studied in the presence and absence of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. plant colonization behavior and biocontrol potential of the marked strain g12(pgt-trp) was not altered compared with the parental strain. plasmid pgt-trp was stable for more than 80 generat ...	2001	18943855
influence of plant species on the biological control activity of the antagonistic rhizobacterium rhizobium etli strain g12 toward the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita.	the influence of plant species on the antagonistic activity of the rhizosphere bacterium rhizobium etli g12 towards the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita was studied. the crops tested were tomato, cucumber, cotton, soybean and pepper. the plants were evaluated for the following parameters: root gall-index, total number of galls and egg masses of m. incognita, as well as shoot and root fresh weight and root length. results indicated a clear influence of plant species on the ability of r. e ...	2001	12425090
plant-parasitic nematodes in the waimanalo, hawaii irrigation system from watershed to farm.	nematode occurrence at specific locations throughout a water catchment-irrigation system was determined. soil samples were collected from five water source locations on the slopes of olomana mountain and maunawili valley and from about 40 plant species on 18 farms (56 ha of 480 ha irrigated by the reservoir). water was sampled from the catchment reservoir at 0.3 m, 9 m, and 18 m (bottom). a farm irrigated with potable water was sampled and compared to areas of the same farm irrigated from the re ...	2001	19265890
management of root-knot and reniform nematodes in ultra-narrow row cotton with 1,3-dichloropropene.	ultra-narrow row cotton studies were conducted during 1999 at two field sites in northern florida. one site was naturally infested with meloidogyne incognita race 3 and the other with rotylenchulus reniformis. the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) was applied broadcast at rates of 0, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, and 96 kg ai./ha in replicated plots before planting delta pine 655 brr cotton in 25-cm-wide rows. post-harvest soil population densities at the root-knot nematode site had a significant (p </ ...	2001	19265894
crop rotation and nematicides for management of mixed populations of meloidogyne spp. on tobacco.	the effects of crop rotation and the nematicides 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d), ethoprop, and fenamiphos on the relative frequency of meloidogyne incognita race 3, m. arenaria race 2, and m. javanica and tobacco yields on a sandy loam soil were determined. cropping sequences altered the species composition and population densities of meloidogyne spp. meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita predominated when cotton, corn, sorghum, or rye-fallow preceded tobacco. meloidogyne javanica and m. arenaria p ...	2001	19265896
analysis of 1,3-dichloropropene for control of meloidogyne spp. in a tobacco pest management system.	1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) and nonfumigant nematicides were evaluated for control of meloidogyne spp. and soil and foliar insects in a tobacco pest management system. in a field with a high meloidogyne spp. population density (root gall index 4.0 to 4.5 on a 0 to 10 scale in untreated controls), tobacco yields and crop values increased (482 kg/ha and $1,784/ha for 1, 3-d; 326 kg/ha and $1,206/ha for fenamiphos; 252 kg/ha and $933/ha for ethoprop) with nematicide application over an untreated co ...	2001	19265897
meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria reproduction on dwarf hollies and lantana.	meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria reproduction and host plant tolerance were assessed in field and greenhouse experiments on seven holly cultivars including ilex glabra 'shamrock', i. vomitoria 'schelling's dwarf', i. cornuta 'carissa', red holly hybrid (ilex little red), and i. crenata 'compacta', 'green luster', and 'helleri' as well as japanese boxwood (buxus microphylla) and two lantana cultivars (lantana camara 'miss huff' and 'new gold'). boxwood had the highest m. arenaria and m. inco ...	2001	19265898
[investigation on root-knot diseases of medicinal plants in yunnan].	during 1994-1997, the damage levels about root-knot diseases on 52 medicinal plants were investigated and analyzed. 185 samples were collected from more than 20 counties or cities in yunnan province. the results showed that 76 specimens were infected by root-knot nematode, which are meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white 1919, chitwood 1949), m. javanice (trenb 1855, chitwood 1949), m. arenaria (neal 1889, chitwood 1949) and m. halpa (chitwood 1949). they infected 21 medicinal plants. the paper ...	2001	11917839
efficacy of 1,3-dichloropropene in soil amended with compost and unamended soil.	1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) is a likely alternative soil fumigant for methyl bromide. the objective was to determine root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, survival in microplots after exposure to 1,3-d for various periods of time in soil that have previously been amended with compost. the treatments were 1,3-d applied broadcast at 112 liters/ha and untreated controls in both compost-amended and unamended soil. soil samples were collected from each microplot at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours af ...	2001	19265889
pesticidal properties of parthenin (from parthenium hysterophorus) and related compounds.	eleven sesquiterpene lactone derivatives of parthenin (1), obtained from wild feverfew, parthenium hysterophorus, were prepared by chemical and photochemical transformations. the compounds tested were a pyrazoline adduct (2) of parthenin, its cyclopropyl (3) and propenyl (4) derivatives, anhydroparthenin (5), a dihydro-deoxygenated product (6), a formate (7) and its corresponding alcohol (8) and acetate (9), a rearranged product (10), lactone (11) and hemiacetal (12). all these derivatives, alon ...	2001	11455638
genes induced during early response to meloidogyne incognita in roots of resistant and susceptible alfalfa cultivars.	a cdna library made to rna from roots of meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) susceptible alfalfa cv. lahontan seedlings 72 h after root-knot nematode inoculation was differentially screened with cdna made from uninoculated control and m. incognita infested (72 h) root rna. of the six cdnas isolated, the deduced amino acid sequences of four showed significant homology to sequences present in the databank, while two were pioneer sequences. the four cdnas with matches to known sequences incl ...	2001	11448760
nematicidal activity of trigonella foenum-graecum l.	the aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of trigonella foenum-graecum caused significant (p < 0.05) mortality of meloidogyne javanica larvae. the methanol soluble fraction eluted from pure distilled water showed the highest (>92%) nematicidal activity compared with the fractions eluted from pure methanol and different ratios of chloroform and methanol indicate that the nematicidal compound was polar in nature.	2001	11536387