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host status of endophyte-infected and noninfected tall fescue grass to meloidogyne spp.tall fescue grass cultivars with or without endophytes were evaluated for their susceptibility to meloidogyne incognita in the greenhouse. tall fescue cultivars evaluated included, i) wild-type jesup (e+, ergot-producing endophyte present), ii) endophyte-free jesup (e-, no endophyte present), iii) jesup (max-q, non-ergot producing endophyte) and iv) georgia 5 (e+). peach was included as the control. peach supported greater (p ≤ 0.05) reproduction of m. incognita than all tall fescue cultivars. d ...201022736851
effects of midas® on nematodes in commercial floriculture production in florida.cut flower producers currently have limited options for nematode control. four field trials were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate midas® (iodomethane:chloropicrin 50:50) for control of root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne arenaria) on celosia argentea var. cristata in a commercial floriculture production field in southeastern florida. midas (224 kg/ha) was compared to methyl bromide:chloropicrin (98:2, 224 kg/ha), and an untreated control. treatments were evaluated for effects on meloidogyne a ...201022736832
coprinus comatus: a basidiomycete fungus forms novel spiny structures and infects nematode.nematophagous basidiomycete fungi kill nematodes by trapping, endoparasitizing and producing toxin. in our studies coprinus comatus (o.f.müll. : fr.) pers. is found to be a nematode-destroying fungus; this fungus immobilizes, kills and uses free-living nematode panagrellus redivivus goodey and root-knot nematode meloidogyne arenaria neal. c. comatus produces an unusual structure designated spiny ball. set on a sporophore-like branch, the spiny ball is a burr-like structure assembled with a large ...201021148944
short interfering rna-mediated gene silencing in globodera pallida and meloidogyne incognita infective stage juveniles.the analysis of gene function through rna interference (rnai)-based reverse genetics in plant parasitic nematodes (ppns) remains inexplicably reliant on the use of long double-stranded rna (dsrna) silencing triggers; a practice inherently disadvantageous due to the introduction of superfluous dsrna sequence, increasing chances of aberrant or off-target gene silencing through interactions between nascent short interfering rnas (sirnas) and non-cognate mrna targets. recently, we have shown that no ...201019651131
root-knot nematodes exhibit strain-specific clumping behavior that is inherited as a simple genetic trait.root-knot nematodes are obligate parasites of a wide range of plant species and can feed only on the cytoplasm of living plant cells. in the absence of a suitable plant host, infective juveniles of strain vw9 of the northern root-knot nematode, meloidogyne hapla, when dispersed in pluronic f-127 gel, aggregate into tight, spherical clumps containing thousands of worms. aggregation or clumping behavior has been observed in diverse genera in the phylum nematoda spanning free-living species such as ...201021151553
inheritance of resistance to meloidoygne incognita in primitive cotton accessions from mexico.few sources of resistance to root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne incognita) in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) have been utilized to develop resistant cultivars, making this resistance vulnerable to virulence in the pathogen population. the objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of resistance in five primitive accessions of g. hirsutum (tx1174, tx1440, tx2076, tx2079, and tx2107) and to determine allelic relations with the genes for resistance in the genotypes clevewilt-6 (cw ...201022736869
fine mapping qmi-c11 a major qtl controlling root-knot nematodes resistance in upland cotton.the identification and utilization of a high-level of host plant resistance is the most effective and economical approach to control root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). in an earlier study, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) for resistance to root-knot nematode in the m-120 rnr upland cotton line (gossypium hirsutum l.) of the auburn 623 rnr source. the qtl is located in a 12.9-cm interval flanked by the two ssr markers cir069 and cir316 on the distal segment of chromos ...201020680610
ssr markers closely associated with genes for resistance to root-knot nematode on chromosomes 11 and 14 of upland cotton.molecular markers closely linked to genes that confer a high level of resistance to root-knot nematode (rkn) [meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood] in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) germplasm derived from auburn 623 rnr would greatly facilitate cotton breeding programs. our objectives were to identify simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers linked to rkn resistance quantitative trait loci (qtl) and map these markers to specific chromosomes. we developed three recombinant inbred line (ril ...201020607210
elevated co2 changes the interactions between nematode and tomato genotypes differing in the ja pathway.interactions between the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and three isogenic tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) genotypes were examined when plants were grown under ambient (370 ppm) and elevated (750 ppm) co2. we tested the hypothesis that, defence-recessive genotypes tend to allocate 'extra' carbon (relative to nitrogen) to growth under elevated co2, whereas defence-dominated genotypes allocate extra carbon to defence, and thereby increases the defence against nematodes. for all three ge ...201020519018
combining maxratio analysis with real-time pcr and its potential application for the prediction of meloidogyne incognita in field samples.diagnosing and quantifying plant-parasitic nematodes is critical for efficient nematode management. several studies have been performed intending to demonstrate nematode quantification via real-time quantitative pcr. however, most of the studies used dilution of dna templates to make standard curves, while few studies used samples with different nematode numbers to make the standard curve, resulting in a high standard error. the objective of the present study was to develop a high quality standa ...201022736853
the potential of five winter-grown crops to reduce root-knot nematode damage and increase yield of tomato.broccoli (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), marigold (tagetes patula), nematode-resistant tomato (solanum lycopersicum), and strawberry (fragaria ananassa) were grown for three years during the winter in a root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) infested field in southern california. each year in the spring, the tops of all crops were shredded and incorporated in the soil. amendment with poultry litter was included as a sub-treatment. the soil was then covered with clear plastic for ...201022736848
strip-tilled cover cropping for managing nematodes, soil mesoarthropods, and weeds in a bitter melon agroecosystem.a field trial was conducted to examine whether strip-tilled cover cropping followed by living mulch practice could suppress root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) and enhance beneficial nematodes and other soil mesofauna, while suppressing weeds throughout two vegetable cropping seasons. sunn hemp (sh), crotalaria juncea, and french marigold (mg), tagetes patula, were grown for three months, strip-tilled, and bitter melon (momordica charantia) seedlings were transplanted into the tilled stri ...201022736847
nematicidal natural products from the aerial parts of buddleja crispa.studies on the aerial parts of buddleja crispa yielded 13 known compounds, nonyl benzoate, hexyl p-hydroxy-cinnamate, ginipin, gardiol, 1-heptacosanol, steroidal galactoside (22 r)-stigmasta-7,9 (11)-dien-22 beta-ol-3beta-o-beta-d-galactopyranoside, 3-methoxy benzoic acid, beta-sitosterol and ursolic acid. besides this two iridoid galactosides buddlejosides a, buddlejosides b and a benzofuran-type sesquiterpene buddlejone have been isolated from the etoac fraction of b. crispa. together with the ...201020461624
biocatalytic amidation of carboxylic acids and their antinemic activity.a series of novel n-alkyl substituted amides, synthesized by enzyme catalysis, were evaluated against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita and found to have potential antinemic activity. the corresponding amides were prepared by the condensation of equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids with different alkyl amines in the presence of candida antarctica lipase at 60-90 degrees c in 16-20 h. the reactions were carried out in a non - solvent system without the use of any activating agents. all t ...201020390959
nematicidal natural products from the aerial parts of rubus niveus.studies on the aerial parts of rubus niveus yielded six known compounds, 3,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid c(7)h(6)o(4), (1), gallic acid c(7)h(6)o(5) (2), ethyl galactoside (3), oleanolic acid (4), beta-sitosterol (5) and 3-o-[beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(12)-d-glucopyranoside (6). besides this, a gallic acid derivative with methyl substitution was synthesised as tetramethyl gallate (3). together with this derivative, compounds 1, 2, the alcohol soluble, chloroform soluble and petroleum ether soluble extr ...201020306362
effects of a novel pathogenesis-related class 10 (pr-10) protein from crotalaria pallida roots with papain inhibitory activity against root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.a novel pathogenesis-related class 10 (pr-10) protein with papain inhibitory activity, named cppri, was purified from crotalaria pallida roots by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by three reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographies (hplcs). cppri is made up of a single polypeptide chain with a m(r) of 15 kda, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). this protein exhibited a k(i) value of 1.8 x 10(-9) m and operates via a noncompetit ...201020199085
additive effects of plant expressed double-stranded rnas on root-knot nematode development.ectopically expressed double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) have recently been shown to suppress parasitic success of meloidogyne spp. in plants. we have targeted two genes from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita; a dual oxidase gene implicated in the tyrosine cross-linking of the developing cuticle and a subunit of signal peptidase, a protein complex required for the processing of secreted proteins. while these genes are involved in different aspects of nematode development, the phenotypic co ...201020100489
nematicidal activity of monoterpenoids against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.abstract nematicidal activity of 22 monoterpenoids were evaluated in vitro and in pot experiments. twenty of the twenty-two monoterpenoids significantly reduced hatching, and 11 reduced j2 mobility of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita at a concentration of 250 mg/liter. in general, compounds with hydroxyl and carbonyl groups exhibited higher nematicidal activity than other terpenoids. borneol, carveol, citral, geraniol, and alpha-terpineol showed the highest nematicidal activity among ...201020055654
heterologous expression of taro cystatin protects transgenic tomato against meloidogyne incognita infection by means of interfering sex determination and suppressing gall formation.plant-parasitic nematodes are a major pest of many plant species and cause global economic loss. a phytocystatin gene, colocasia esculenta cysteine proteinase inhibitor (cecpi), isolated from a local taro kaosiang no. 1, and driven by a camv35s promoter was delivered into cln2468d, a heat-tolerant cultivar of tomato (solanum lycopersicum). when infected with meloidogyne incognita, one of root-knot nematode (rkn) species, transgenic t1 lines overexpressing cecpi suppressed gall formation as evide ...201020054551
comparison between nugen's wt-ovation pico and one-direct amplification systems.differential gene expression between groups of homogenous cell types is a biological question whose time has come. rna can be extracted from small numbers of cells, such as those isolated by laser-capture microdissection, but the small amounts obtained often require amplification to enable whole genome transcriptome profiling by technologies such as microarray analysis and rna-seq. recently, advances in amplification procedures make amplification directly from whole cell lysates possible. the ai ...201020808643
transcriptional profiling of root-knot nematode induced feeding sites in cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.) using a soybean genome array.the locus rk confers resistance against several species of root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp., rkn) in cowpea (vigna unguiculata). based on histological and reactive oxygen species (ros) profiles, rk confers a delayed but strong resistance mechanism without a hypersensitive reaction-mediated cell death process, which allows nematode development but blocks reproduction.201020723233
size of at(n) insertions in promoter region modulates gmhsp17.6-l mrna transcript levels.during earlier experiments, an ssr molecular marker (176 soy hsp) showing high correlation (70%) with resistance/susceptibility to javanese root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica was identified in soybean. after being sequenced, results indicated that the ssr 176 soy hsp marker was inserted in the promoter region of gmhsp17.6-l gene. it was also detected in this region that resistant genotypes presented insertions between at(31) and at(33) in size and susceptible genotypes, at(9). gmhsp17.6-l g ...201020300590
pathogenicity of pochonia species on eggs of meloidogyne javanica.among fungi, species of the genus pochonia batista & o.m. fonseca are considered as promising biological control agents with high potential to reduce root-knot nematode (rkn) and nematode populations. in this research we investigated fars province of iran for the presence of pochonia spp., compared pathogenicity of different pochonia species on eggs of rkn in vitro, and selected the best isolates for further studies. during 2004-2006, 128 soil samples of fields infested with cyst nematodes and 1 ...201020214908
arbuscular mycorrhizae induced defense against root-knot nematode early infection. 201021539267
clustering, haplotype diversity and locations of mic-3: a unique root-specific defense-related gene family in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).mic-3 is a recently identified gene family shown to exhibit increased root-specific expression following nematode infection of cotton plants that are resistant to root-knot nematode. here, we cloned and sequenced mic-3 genes from selected diploid and tetraploid cotton species to reveal sequence differences at the molecular level and identify chromosomal locations of mic-3 genes in gossypium species. detailed sequence analysis and phylogenetic clustering of mic-3 genes indicated the presence of m ...201019862497
molecular evolution of the clustered mic-3 multigene family of gossypium species.the gossypium mic-3 (meloidogyne induced cotton-3) gene family is of great interest for molecular evolutionary studies because of its uniqueness to gossypium species, multi-gene content, clustered localization, and root-knot nematode resistance-associated features. molecular evolution of the mic-3 gene family was studied in 15 tetraploid and diploid gossypium genotypes that collectively represent seven phylogenetically distinct genomes. synonymous (d(s)) and non-synonymous (d(n)) nucleotide subs ...201121850479
improved soil fumigation by telone c35 using carbonation.soil fumigation to control pests and pathogens is an important part of current agricultural practice. a reduction in fumigant emissions is required to ensure worker safety and environment health. a field trial in florida was conducted to investigate whether carbonating telone c35™ ((z)- and (e)-1,3-dichloropropene with 35 % chloropicrin) would improve the delivery of the fumigant to such an extent that the application rate could be decreased without sacrificing efficacy. all treatments were carr ...201121806461
nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide: two players in the defence response of tomato plants to root-knot nematodes.nitric oxide (no) has been postulated to be required, together with reactive oxygen species (ros) for activation of disease resistance reaction of plants to pathogen infection. here, we investigated no, superoxide (o(*-)2), and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) in tomato-root-knot nematode interactions to answer the question of whether they are produced during the early stages of nematode infection. no detection was carried out using diaminofluorescein diacetate (daf-2da) by means of confocal laser micro ...201122696948
factors affecting the efficacy of brassica species and ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) on root-knot nematode infestation of tomato.the effects of soil incorporation of metham-sodium and finely chopped plant residues of broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and grass against meloidogyne incognito and m. javanica over increasing periods of time and a range of dose rates, with or without plastic covering were studied in growth chamber experiments. the scope of this study was to determine the direct effects of fresh organic amendments and the indirect effects of their volatiles on meloidogyne spp. and tomato plant growth. amendments ...201122696944
phosphonate fertilizers suppressed root knot nematodes meloidogyne javanica and m. incognita.the efficacy of the phosphonate fertilizers, calphos(®) (a.i. calcium phosphonate), magphos(®) (a.i. magnesium phosphonate and potassium phosphonate) and phosphoros(®) (a.i. potassium phosphonate) against two species of root knot nematodes (rkn), meloidogyne javanica and m. incognita is evaluated. laboratory experiments showed that calphos(®), magphos(®) and their main components inhibited egg hatching and caused 100% mortality of the second stage juveniles (j2s) of the two rkn species; the hatc ...201122791918
the effects of root-knot nematode infection and mi-mediated nematode resistance in tomato on plant fitness.the mi-1.2 resistance gene in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) confers resistance against several species of root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.). this study examined the impact of m. javanica on the reproductive fitness of near-isogenic tomato cultivars with and without mi-1.2 under field and greenhouse conditions. surprisingly, neither nematode inoculation or host plant resistance impacted the yield of mature fruits in field microplots (inoculum=8,000 eggs/plant), or fruit or seed production in ...201122791916
dna sequence and expression analysis of root-knot nematode-elicited giant cell transcripts.fifty-eight cdna clones isolated from a library of transcripts exhibiting up regulation in tomato root giant cells induced by infection with the parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita were characterized. a survey of plant tissues identified 31 transcripts present in tissues other than root, including actively dividing and expanding tissues and mature leaf tissues. the identities of approximately 20% of the giant cell transcripts were inferred from dna sequence data; they include sequences enco ...20118012051
evidence of differences between the communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonizing galls and roots of prunus persica infected by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) play important roles as plant protection agents, reducing or suppressing nematode colonization. however, it has never been investigated whether the galls produced in roots by nematode infection are colonized by amf. this study tested whether galls produced by meloidogyne incognita infection in prunus persica roots are colonized by amf. we also determined the changes in amf composition and biodiversity mediated by infection with this root-knot nematode. dna from ...201121984233
microplot evaluation of rootstocks for control of meloidogyne incognita on grafted tomato, muskmelon, and watermelon.microplot experiments were conducted over two years (four growing seasons) to evaluate meloidogyne incognita resistance in rootstocks used for grafted tomato (solanum lycopersicum), muskmelon (cucumis melo), and watermelon (citrullus lanatus). three tomato rootstocks; 'tx301', 'multifort', and 'aloha', were tested in addition to the nongrafted scion, 'florida-47'. two muskmelon rootstocks; cucumis metuliferus and 'tetsukabuto' (cucurbita maxima × cucurbita moschata) were evaluated with the nongr ...201123431109
control of root-knot nematodes on tomato in stone wool substrate with biological nematicides.the efficacy of four biological nematicides on root-galling, root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) reproduction, and shoot weight of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) grown in stone wool substrate or in pots with sandy soil was compared to an oxamyl treatment and a non-treated control. in stone wool grown tomato, avid® (a.i. abamectin) was highly effective when applied as a drench at time of nematode inoculation. it strongly reduced root-galling and nematode reproduction, and prevented a reduct ...201122791920
nematocidal flavone-c-glycosides against the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) from arisaema erubescens tubers.a screening of several chinese medicinal herbs for nematicidal properties showed that arisaema erubescens (wall.) schott tubers possessed significant nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). from the ethanol extract, two nematicidal flavone-c-glycosides were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. the compounds were identified as schaftoside and isoschaftoside on the basis of their phytochemical and spectral data. schaftoside and isoschaftoside possessed st ...201121694672
aliphatic ketones from ruta chalepensis (rutaceae) induce paralysis on root knot nematodes.this paper reports on the use of ruta chalepensis l. extracts as a potential nematicide against root knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne javanica . the essential oil (reo) and methanol extract (rme) of r. chalepensis were tested against second-stage juveniles, with reo inducing paralysis in both species (ec(50/1d) = 77.5 and 107.3 mg/l) and rme being selective for m. incognita (ec(50/1d) = 1001 mg/l). chemical characterization of extracts was done by means of gc-ms and lc-ms, re ...201121631118
elevated co2 influences nematode-induced defense responses of tomato genotypes differing in the ja pathway.rising atmospheric co(2) concentrations can affect the induced defense of plants against chewing herbivores but little is known about whether elevated co(2) can change the induced defense of plants against parasitic nematodes. this study examined the interactions between the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and three isogenic tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) genotypes grown under ambient (390 ppm) and elevated (750 ppm) co(2) in growth chambers. in a previous study with open-top chambers ...201121629688
chemical constituents of cordia latifolia and their nematicidal activity.following nematicidal activity-guided isolation studies on the fruits, bark, and leaves of cordia latifolia, two new constituents, cordinoic acid (=11-oxours-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid; 1) and cordicilin (=2-{[(e)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(stearoyloxy)phenyl]propanoic acid; 2) were isolated from the stem and leaves, respectively, together with nine known compounds, namely cordioic and cordifolic acid from the stem bark, latifolicin a-d and rosmarinic acid from the fru ...201121560233
identifying discriminative classification-based motifs in biological sequences.identification of conserved motifs in biological sequences is crucial to unveil common shared functions. many tools exist for motif identification, including some that allow degenerate positions with multiple possible nucleotides or amino acids. most efficient methods available today search conserved motifs in a set of sequences, but do not check for their specificity regarding to a set of negative sequences.201121372086
potential use of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) endophytic fungi as seed treatment agents against root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.seed treatment with endophytic fungi has been regarded as an effective method for plant parasitic nematode control. endophytic fungi from cucumber seedlings were isolated and screened for their potential to be used as seed treatment agents against meloidogyne incognita. among the 294 isolates screened, 23 significantly reduced galls formed by m. incognita in greenhouse test. the 10 most effective isolates were fusarium (5), trichoderma (1), chaetomium (1), acremonium (1), paecilomyces (1), and p ...201121370507
mustard seed meal mixtures: management of meloidogyne incognita on pepper and potential phytotoxicity.meals produced when oil is extracted from seeds in the brassicaceae have been shown to suppress weeds and soilborne pathogens. these seed meals are commonly used individually as soil amendments; the goal of this research was to evaluate seed meal mixes of brassica juncea (bj) and sinapis alba (sa) against meloidogyne incognita. seed meals from bj 'pacific gold' and sa 'idagold' were tested alone and in combinations to determine rates and application times that would suppress m. incognita on pepp ...201122791910
expression profile of jasmonic acid-induced genes and the induced resistance against the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) in tomato plants (solanum lycopersicum) after foliar treatment with methyl jasmonate.we investigated what gene(s) in the plant roots have the positive role against repressing root-knot nematode (rkn) infection. we investigated the interaction between rkn infection and gene expression in the plant roots induced by methyl jasmonate (meja). we focused on the induced resistance response and the duration after foliar treatment with meja of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0mm at 1, 24, 48, and 72h prior to the inoculation of rkn. as a result, the foliar treatment with meja at 0.5mm or higher con ...201121216026
evolution of nematode-resistant mi-1 gene homologs in three species of solanum.plants have evolved several defense mechanisms, including resistance genes. resistance to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita has been found in wild plant species. the molecular basis for this resistance has been best studied in the wild tomato solanum peruvianum and it is based on a single dominant gene, mi-1.2, which is found in a cluster of seven genes. this nematode attacks fiercely several crops, including potatoes. the genomic arrangement, number of copies, function and evolution ...201121207065
peroxiredoxins from the plant parasitic root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, are required for successful development within the host.root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp., are sedentary biotrophic parasites which are able to infest > 2000 plant species. after root invasion they settle sedentarily inside the vascular cylinder and maintain a compatible interaction for up to 8 weeks. plant cells respond to pathogen attacks by producing reactive oxygen species (ros). these ros, in particular hydroperoxides, are important regulators of host-parasite interactions and partly govern the success or failure of disease. ros producing an ...201121145323
low cryoprotectant concentrations and fast cooling for nematode cryostorage.cryopreservation protocols based on slow freezing or vitrification often result in cell injury due to ice formation, cell dehydration and/or toxic concentrations of cryoprotectant (cpa). in this study, we present a cryopreservation technique based on low, non-toxic concentrations of cryoprotectants (≈ 2-4m) combined with a rapid cooling rate in the liquid nitrogen phase (-196°c). protocols for successfully cryopreserving the plant parasitic nematodes globodera tabacum tabacum, heterodera schacht ...201121524646
differential gene expression in roots of nematode-resistant and -susceptible peanut (arachis hypogaea) cultivars in response to early stages of peanut root-knot nematode (meloidogyne arenaria) parasitization.the peanut root-knot nematode (rkn, meloidogyne arenaria) can cause significant yield losses in cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea). however, molecular events underlying successful rkn infection and host responses in peanut are sparsely understood. using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh), cdna libraries, enriched with differentially expressed ests, were constructed from rkn-challenged root tissues in the pre-penetration and early infection stages from near-isogenic nematode-resistant ...201120863592
analysis of gene expression in soybean (glycine max) roots in response to the root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita using microarrays and kegg pathways.root-knot nematodes are sedentary endoparasites that can infect more than 3000 plant species. root-knot nematodes cause an estimated $100 billion annual loss worldwide. for successful establishment of the root-knot nematode in its host plant, it causes dramatic morphological and physiological changes in plant cells. the expression of some plant genes is altered by the nematode as it establishes its feeding site.201121569240
tm1: a mutator/foldback transposable element family in root-knot nematodes.three closely related parthenogenetic species of root-knot nematodes, collectively termed the meloidogyne incognita-group, are economically significant pathogens of diverse crop species. remarkably, these asexual root-knot nematodes are capable of acquiring heritable changes in virulence even though they lack sexual reproduction and meiotic recombination. characterization of a near isogenic pair of m. javanica strains differing in response to tomato with the nematode resistance gene mi-1 showed ...201121931741
the nematicidal effect of some bacterial biofertilizers on meloidogyne incognita in sandy soil.in a greenhouse experiment, the nematicidal effect of some bacterial biofertilizers including the nitrogen fixing bacteria (nfb) paenibacillus polymyxa (four strains), the phosphate solubilizing bacteria (psb) bacillus megaterium (three strains) and the potassium solubilizing bacteria (ksb) b. circulans (three strains) were evaluated individually on tomato plants infested with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita in potted sandy soil. comparing with the uninoculated nematode-infested con ...201124031611
a proteomic study of in-root interactions between chickpea pathogens: the root-knot nematode meloidogyne artiellia and the soil-borne fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5.fusarium wilt caused by the fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (foc) is the main soil-borne disease limiting chickpea production. management of this disease is achieved mainly by the use of resistant cultivars. however, co-infection of a foc-resistant plant by the fungus and the root-knot nematode meloidogyne artiellia (ma) causes breakdown of the resistance and thus limits its efficacy in the control of fusarium wilt. in this work we aimed to reveal key aspects of chickpea:foc:ma interact ...201121640211
the purl gene of bacillus subtilis is associated with nematicidal activity.parasitic nematodes of plants are important plant pathogens that represent a significant financial burden on agriculture. this study evaluated the efficacy of bacillus spp. as nematode biocontrol agents and identified bacillus genes associated with nematicidal activity. culture by products of bacillus subtilis strains okb105 and 69 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains fzb42 and b3 were used to treat aphelenchoides besseyi, ditylenchus destructor, bursaphelenchus xylophilus and meloidogyne java ...201121671997
[controlling effect of antagonist bioorganic fertilizer on tomato root-knot nematode].indoor in vitro culture experiment and greenhouse pot experiment were conducted to evaluate the capabilities of three bacterial strains xz-173 (bacillus amyloliquefaciens), sl-25 (b. gibsonii), and ks-62 (paenibacillus polymyxa) that can hydrolyze collagen protein in controlling tomato root-knot nematode. in the in vitro culture experiment, suspensions of xz-173, sl-25, and ks-62 induced a mortality rate of 75.9%, 66.7%, and 50.0% to the second-stage junior nematode within 24 h, and decreased th ...201121774329
suppression of the root-knot nematode [meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood] on tomato by dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) have potential for the biocontrol of soil-borne diseases. the objectives of this study were to quantify the interactions between am fungi [glomus versiforme (karsten) berch and glomus mosseae (nicol. & gerd.) gerdemann & trappe] and pgpr [bacillus polymyxa (prazmowski) mace and bacillus sp.] during colonization of roots and rhizosphere of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill) plants (cultivar jinguan), and to deter ...201121755407
the mitochondrial genome of the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines.we sequenced the entire coding region of the mitochondrial genome of heterodera glycines. the sequence obtained comprised 14.9 kb, with pcr evidence indicating that the entire genome comprised a single, circular molecule of approximately 21-22 kb. the genome is the most t-rich nematode mitochondrial genome reported to date, with t representing over half of all nucleotides on the coding strand. the genome also contains the highest number of poly(t) tracts so far reported (to our knowledge), with ...201121745140
nematicidal activity of fervenulin isolated from a nematicidal actinomycete, streptomyces sp. cmu-mh021, on meloidogyne incognita.an isolate of the actinomycete, streptomyces sp. cmu-mh021 produced secondary metabolites that inhibited egg hatch and increased juvenile mortality of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita in vitro. 16s rdna gene sequencing showed that the isolate sequence was 99% identical to streptomyces roseoverticillatus. the culture filtrates form different culture media were tested for nematocidal activity. the maximal activity against m. incognita was obtained by using modified basal (mb) medium. t ...201121841897
[mixed infection caused by meloidogyne and pathogenic fungi on siraitia grosvenorii].to study the mixed infection caused by meloidogyne and pathogenic fungi on siraitia grosvenorii,the result can provide basis for controltion.201121818963
transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing arabidopsis npr1 show enhanced resistance to root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita.abstract: in arabidopsis, non-expressor of pathogenesis related genes-1, npr1 has been shown to be a positive regulator of the salicylic acid controlled systemic acquired resistance pathway and modulates the cross talk between sa and ja signaling. transgenic plants expressing atnpr1 constitutively exhibited resistance against pathogens as well as herbivory. in the present study, tobacco transgenic plants expressing atnpr1 were studied further for their response to infection by the sedentary endo ...201121722410
the jasmonate pathway is a key player in systemically induced defense against root knot nematodes in rice.complex defense signaling pathways, controlled by different hormones, are involved in the reaction of plants to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress factors. we studied the ability of salicylic acid, jasmonate (ja), and ethylene (et) to induce systemic defense in rice (oryza sativa) against the root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. exogenous et (ethephon) and ja (methyl jasmonate) supply on the shoots induced a strong systemic defense response in the roots, exemplified by a major up-r ...201121715672
anticholinesterasic, nematostatic and anthelmintic activities of pyridinic and pyrazinic compounds.in the search for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as a potential target for the discovery of anthelmintic drugs, a series of 27 pyridinic and pyrazinic compounds have been designed on the basis of molecular hybridization of two known ache inhibitors, namely, tacrine and (-)-3-o-acetylspectaline, and on the concept of isosterism. the synthesized compounds generally presented moderate anticholinesterasic activities when compared with the positive control physostigmine, but one compound (ethyl 2-[( ...201121728957
systemically induced resistance and microbial competitive exclusion: implications on biological control.the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, is among the most damaging agricultural pests, particularly to tomato. the mutualistic endophytes fusarium oxysporum strain fo162 (fo162) and rhizobium etli strain g12 (g12) have been shown to systemically induce resistance towards m. incognita. by using triple-split-root tomato plants, spatially-separated but simultaneous inoculation of both endophytes did not lead to additive reductions in m. incognita infection. more importantly, spatially-separa ...201121899390
slwrky70 is required for mi-1-mediated resistance to aphids and nematodes in tomato.plant resistance (r) gene-mediated defense responses against biotic stresses include vast transcriptional reprogramming. in several plant-pathogen systems, members of the wrky family of transcription factors have been demonstrated to act as both positive and negative regulators of plant defense transcriptional networks. to identify the possible roles of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) wrky transcription factors in defense mediated by the r gene mi-1 against potato aphid, macrosiphum euphorbiae, an ...201121898085
Reference genes for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction expression studies in wild and cultivated peanut.ABSTRACT:201121906295
Comparing systemic defence-related gene expression changes upon migratory and sedentary nematode attack in rice.Complex defence signalling pathways, controlled by different hormones, are known to be involved in the reaction of plants to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress factors. Here, we studied the differential expression of genes involved in stress and defence responses in systemic tissue of rice infected with the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne graminicola and the migratory root rot nematode Hirschmanniella oryzae, two agronomically important rice pathogens with very different lifestyles. ...201122188265
the effects of brassica green manures on plant parasitic and free living nematodes used in combination with reduced rates of synthetic nematicides.brassica plants once incorporated into soil as green manures have recently been shown to have biofumigant properties and have the potential of controlling plant-parasitic nematodes. in washington state, plant-parasitic nematodes are successfully managed with synthetic nematicides. however, some of the synthetic nematicides became unavailable recently or their supply is limited leaving growers with few choices to control plant-parasitic nematodes. the objective of this project was to evaluate the ...201122791922
influence of infection of cotton by rotylenchulus reniformis and meloidogyne incognita on the production of enzymes involved in systemic acquired resistance.systemic acquired resistance (sar), which results in enhanced defense mechanisms in plants, can be elicited by virulent and avirulent strains of pathogens including nematodes. recent studies of nematode reproduction strongly suggest that meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis induce sar in cotton, but biochemical evidence of sar was lacking. our objective was to determine whether infection of cotton by m. incognita and r. reniformis increases the levels of p-peroxidase, g-peroxidase, ...201123431029
induction of systemic acquired resistance by rotylenchulus reniformis and meloidogyne incognita in cotton following separate and concomitant inoculations.systemic acquired resistance (sar) can be elicited by virulent and avirulent pathogenic strains and sar against plant-parasitic nematodes has been documented. our objective was to determine whether co-infection of cotton by meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis affects the population level of either nematode compared to infection by each species individually. split-root trials were conducted in which plants were inoculated with i) r. reniformis only, ii) m. incognita only, iii) both ...201123430318
effect of meloidogyne incognita inoculum density and application rate of paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 on biocontrol efficacy and colonization of egg masses analyzed by real-time quantitative pcr.the fungal biocontrol agent, paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (pl251), was evaluated for its potential to control the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita on tomato at varying application rates and inoculum densities. conversely to previous studies, significant dose-response relationships could not be established. however, we demonstrated that a preplanting soil treatment with the lowest dose of commercially formulated pl251 (2 × 10(5) cfu/g soil) was already sufficient to reduce root galli ...201120822430
the ma gene for complete-spectrum resistance to meloidogyne species in prunus is a tnl with a huge repeated c-terminal post-lrr region.root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne species are major polyphagous pests of most crops worldwide, and cultivars with durable resistance are urgently needed because of nematicide bans. the ma gene from the myrobalan plum (prunus cerasifera) confers complete-spectrum, heat-stable, and high-level resistance to rkn, which is remarkable in comparison with the mi-1 gene from tomato (solanum lycopersicum), the sole rkn resistance gene cloned. we report here the positional cloning and the functional val ...201121482634
post-transcriptional gene silencing of root-knot nematode in transformed soybean roots.rnai constructs targeted to four different genes were examined to determine their efficacy to reduce galls formed by meloidogyne incognita in soybean roots. these genes have high similarity with essential soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines) and caenorhabditis elegans genes. transformed roots were challenged with m. incognita. two constructs, targeted to genes encoding tyrosine phosphatase (tp) and mitochondrial stress-70 protein precursor (msp), respectively, strongly interfered with m. ...201120599433
evaluation of protocol for assessing the reaction of rice and wheat germplasm to infection by meloidogyne graminicola.root-knot nematode (meloidogyne graminicola), an important and widespread pathogen, causes high yield losses in rice with limited information on wheat and on efficient management. absence of uniform screening protocols is contributing to slow progress of host resistance development. to develop an efficient screening protocol, several greenhouse studies were conducted, and effects of incubation period, inoculum level, inoculation method, seedling age, and their interactions on root-galling severi ...201223481227
identification of candidate effector genes in the transcriptome of the rice root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola.plant-parasitic nematodes secrete so-called effectors into their host plant which are able to suppress the plant's defence responses, alter plant signalling pathways and, in the case of root knot nematodes, induce the formation of giant cells. putative effectors have been successfully identified by genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics approaches. in this study, we investigated the transcriptome of the rice root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola by 454 sequencing of second-stage juveniles ...201223279209
relationship of resistance to meloidogyne chitwoodi (race 2) and m. hapla in alfalfa.in the pacific northwest, alfalfa (medicago sativa) is host to two species of root-knot nematodes, including race 2 of the columbia root-knot nematode (meloidogyne chitwoodi) and the northern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne hapla). in addition to the damage caused to alfalfa itself by m. hapla, alfalfa's host status to both species leaves large numbers of nematodes available to damage rotation crops, of which potato is the most important. a nematode-resistant alfalfa germplasm release, w12sr2w1, ...201223483826
variable rate application of nematicides on cotton fields: a promising site-specific management strategy.field tests were conducted to determine if differences in response to nematicide application (i.e., root-knot nematode (rkn) populations, cotton yield, and profitability) occurred among rkn management zones (mz). the mz were delineated using fuzzy clustering of five terrain (tr) and edaphic (ed) field features related to soil texture: apparent soil electrical conductivity shallow (eca-shallow) and deep (eca-deep), elevation (el), slope (sl), and changes in bare soil reflectance. zones with lowes ...201223482903
predicting damage of meloidogyne incognita on watermelon.quantitative growth response of watermelon (citrullus lanatus) sensitive to meloidogyne incognita is poorly understood. determination of soil population densities of second-stage juveniles (j2) of m. incognita with baermann funnel extraction often is inaccurate at low soil temperatures. in greenhouse experiments, three sandy soils were inoculated with dilution series of population densities of eggs or j2 of m. incognita and planted in small containers to watermelon 'royal sweet' or subjected to ...201223482631
description of a unique, complex feeding socket caused by the putative primitive root-knot nematode, meloidogyne kikuyensis.meloidogyne kikuyensis produces unique galls that form on one side of the root resembling nitrogen-fixing nodules that are produced on legumes in response to infection by rhizobium and related bacteria. the gall caused by this root-knot nematode is made up of a complex feeding socket composed of several giant cells that are ramified with xylem vessels extending perpendicular from the vascular cylinder. the anterior portion of the second-stage juvenile, which develops into an adult, plugs into th ...201223482409
susceptibility of several common subtropical weeds to meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica.experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to assess root galling and egg production of three root-knot nematode species, meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica, on several weeds common to florida agricultural land. weeds evaluated were amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge), eleusine indica (goosegrass), portulaca oleracea (common purslane), and solanum americanum (american black nightshade). additionally, although it is recommended as a co ...201223482324
characterization of a root-knot nematode population of meloidogyne arenaria from tupungato (mendoza, argentina).root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.) are polyphagous plant parasites of global importance. successful host infection depends on the particular interaction between a specific nematode species and race and a specific plant species and cultivar. accurate diagnosis of nematode species is relevant to effective agricultural management; and benefits further from understanding the variability within a single nematode species. here, we described a population of m. arenaria race 2 from mendoza (argentin ...201223481918
bacterial mixture from greenhouse soil as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, on oriental melon.the biological control efficacy of a greenhouse soil bacterial mixture of lactobacillus farraginis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis strains with antinematode activity was evaluated against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. two control groups planted in soil drenched with sterile distilled water or treated with the broadspectrum carbamate pesticide carbofuran were used for comparison. the results suggest that the bacterial mixture is effective as a biocontrol agent against ...201222297227
(homo)glutathione deficiency impairs root-knot nematode development in medicago truncatula.root-knot nematodes (rkn) are obligatory plant parasitic worms that establish and maintain an intimate relationship with their host plants. during a compatible interaction, rkn induce the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied giant cells essential for nematode growth and reproduction. these metabolically active feeding cells constitute the exclusive source of nutrients for the nematode. detailed analysis of glutathione (gsh) and homoglutathione (hgsh) metabolism de ...201222241996
influence of inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) on tomato plant growth and nematode reproduction under greenhouse conditions.numerous species of soil bacteria which flourish in the rhizosphere of plants or around plant tissues stimulate plant growth and reduce nematode population by antagonistic behavior. these bacteria are collectively known as pgpr (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria). the effects of six isolates of pgpr pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas fluorescens, serratia marcescens, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus, were studied on tomato plant growth and root knot nematode repr ...201223961220
rkn lethal db: a database for the identification of root knot nematode (meloidogyne spp.) candidate lethal genes.root knot nematode (rkn; meloidogyne spp.) is one of the most devastating parasites that infect the roots of hundreds of plant species. rkn cannot live independently from their hosts and are the biggest contributors to the loss of the world's primary foods. rnai gene silencing studies have demonstrated that there are fewer galls and galls are smaller when rnai constructs targeted to silence certain rkn genes are expressed in plant roots. we conducted a comparative genomics analysis, comparing rk ...201223144556
lysinibacillus mangiferahumi sp. nov., a new bacterium producing nematicidal volatiles.a gram-positive bacterium, designated m-gx18(t), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of mango (guangxi province, china). the isolate produced nematicidal volatile compounds with activities against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. the organism was motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, spore-forming and rod shaped. the predominant menaquinone was mk-7 and the major cellular fatty acid profiles were iso-c(15:0), anteiso-c(15:0) and iso-c(16:0). the dna g+c content was 38.9%. a phy ...201222367102
the map-1 gene family in root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp.: a set of taxonomically restricted genes specific to clonal species.taxonomically restricted genes (trgs), i.e., genes that are restricted to a limited subset of phylogenetically related organisms, may be important in adaptation. in parasitic organisms, trg-encoded proteins are possible determinants of the specificity of host-parasite interactions. in the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne incognita, the map-1 gene family encodes expansin-like proteins that are secreted into plant tissues during parasitism, thought to act as effectors to promote successful roo ...201222719916
whole-mount confocal imaging of nuclei in giant feeding cells induced by root-knot nematodes in arabidopsis.• excellent visualization of nuclei was obtained here using a whole-mount procedure adapted to provide high-resolution images of large, irregularly shaped nuclei. the procedure is based on tissue clearing, and fluorescent staining of nuclear dna with the dye propidium iodide. • the method developed for standard confocal imaging was applied to large multicellular root swellings, named galls, induced in plant hosts by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. • here, we performed a functional ...201222616777
a root-knot nematode-secreted protein is injected into giant cells and targeted to the nuclei.root-knot nematodes (rkns) are obligate endoparasites that maintain a biotrophic relationship with their hosts over a period of several weeks and induce the differentiation of root cells into specialized feeding cells. nematode effectors synthesized in the oesophageal glands and injected into the plant tissue through the syringe-like stylet certainly play a central role in these processes. in a search for nematode effectors, we used comparative genomics on expressed sequence tag (est) datasets t ...201222540860
bioefficacy evaluation of controlled release formulations based on amphiphilic nano-polymer of carbofuran against meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato.in the present investigation, the bioefficacy of developed carbofuran formulations, with peg-600 (7a, cp1) & peg-900 (7b, cp2) @ 5, 10 and 20 ppm, along with commercial formulation of carbofuran 3g (cp0) were evaluated against the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato (cv. pusa ruby) in pot and field conditions. the bioefficacy data indicated that the formulations developed by utilizing polymers having peg - 900 (7b) as hydrophilic segment were effective even at 14 days post ...201222494375
rapid and highly sensitive detection of single nematode via direct maldi mass spectrometry.for the first time, we demonstrate the feasibility for the use of maldi-tof ms for rapid, direct and sensitive detection of single adult root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita and their second stage juvenile (j(2)). we have proposed simple pretreatment protocols and have demonstrated that the crushed and washed nematodes yielded better spectra. we also report the differentiation between the harmless and harmful stages of the nematode based on mass spectrometric profiling. peaks at m/z 4350, 4 ...201222483896
nematicidal fluorescent pseudomonads for the in vitro and in vivo suppression of root knot (meloidogyne incognita) of capsicum annuum l.considerable attention has been paid to plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr), especially the fluorescent group of pseudomonas species, as the best alternatives to chemicals for facilitating ecofriendly biological control of soil- and seedborne microorganisms. on the basis of their novel plant-growth-promoting attributes, two rhizobacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa vp1 and vp2 selected out of over 63 isolates from the rhizosphere of chilli (capsicum annuum) were identified as potential candid ...201222411906
effect of abamectin on root-knot nematodes and tomato yield.tomato growers in shandong province, china, commonly face heavy root-knot nematode infestations. current methods of control include cadusafos and methyl bromide (mebr), but alternative methods are required because of the high toxicity of these pesticides and the ecological risk of their use. therefore, abamectin soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes in a series of laboratory tests, greenhouse pot experiments and field trials.201222395950
plant genes involved in harbouring symbiotic rhizobia or pathogenic nematodes.the establishment and development of plant-microorganism interactions involve impressive transcriptomic reprogramming of target plant genes. the symbiont (sinorhizobium meliloti) and the root knot-nematode pathogen (meloidogyne incognita) induce the formation of new root organs, the nodule and the gall, respectively. using laser-assisted microdissection, we specifically monitored, at the cell level, medicago gene expression in nodule zone ii cells, which are preparing to receive rhizobia, and in ...201222360638
differential expression of antioxidant enzymes and pr-proteins in compatible and incompatible interactions of cowpea (vigna unguiculata) and the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.this study aimed to evaluated the resistance and susceptibility of 10 cowpea cultivars to meloidogyne incognita in field studies and to analyze the kinetics of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanases and cystein proteinase inhibitors in the root system of two contrasting cowpea cultivars after inoculation with m. incognita. the cultivars ce-31 and frade preto were highly resistant; ce-28, ce-01, ce-315, ce-237, were very resistant; ce-70 and ce-216 wer ...201222153251
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect both penetration and further life stage development of root-knot nematodes in tomato.the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita poses a worldwide threat to agriculture, with an increasing demand for alternative control options since most common nematicides are being withdrawn due to environmental concerns. the biocontrol potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) against plant-parasitic nematodes has been demonstrated, but the modes of action remain to be unraveled. in this study, m. incognita penetration of second-stage juveniles at 4, 8 and 12 days after inoculation was ...201222147206
systemic nematicidal activity of fluensulfone against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita on pepper.fluensulfone, a new nematicide of the fluoroalkenyl group, has proved to be very effective in controlling root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp., by soil application. the systemic activity of this compound against m. incognita on peppers via soil drenching and foliar spray was evaluated.201221842527
comparative proteomic study between tuberous roots of light orange- and purple-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars.this study compares the differences in proteomes expressed in tuberous roots of a light orange-fleshed sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas (l.) lam. cultivar yulmi) and a purple-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar (shinjami). more than 370 protein spots were reproducibly detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in which 35 spots were up-regulated (yulmi vs. shinjami) or uniquely expressed (only yulmi or shinjami) in either of the two cultivars. of these 35 protein spots, 23 were expressed in yulmi and ...201222794925
nematotoxic phenolic compounds from melia azedarach against meloidogyne incognita.in the present study, evaluated was the paralysis activity of whole italian and algerian melia azedarach, commonly known as chinaberry, fruits and parts (seeds, wood, and kernels) against meloidogyne incognita second stage juveniles (j(2)). the paralysis activity was evaluated in vitro after 1 h and 1 day immersion periods of nematodes in test solutions. phenolic constituent components of the extracts were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, whi ...201223136941
a sequence-anchored linkage map of the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne hapla reveals exceptionally high genome-wide recombination.root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.) cause major yield losses to many of the world's crops, but efforts to understand how these pests recognize and interact with their hosts have been hampered by a lack of genetic resources. starting with progeny of a cross between inbred strains (vw8 and vw9) of meloidogyne hapla that differed in host range and behavioral traits, we exploited the novel, facultative meiotic parthenogenic reproductive mode of this species to produce a genetic linkage map. molec ...201222870404
on the species status of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne mayaguensis rammah & hirschmann, 1988.holo- and paratypes of the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne mayaguensis rammah & hirschmann, 1988 and meloidogyne enterolobii yang & eisenback, 1983 were morphometrically and morphologically compared. all observed female, male and second-stage juvenile morphometrical and morphological characters are identical for the two studied species. additionally, contradictions between the original species descriptions were unravelled.the present study of holo- and paratypes confirms the taxonomical status o ...201222539912
identification of markers tightly linked to tomato yellow leaf curl disease and root-knot nematode resistance by multiplex pcr.seven different commercial f₁ hybrids and two f₂ populations were evaluated by multiplex pcr to identify plants that are homozygous or heterozygous for ty-1 and mi, which confer resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl disease and root-knot nematode, respectively. the ty-1 and mi markers were amplified by pcr and identified by digestion of the amplicons with the taqi enzyme. the hybrids e13 and 288 were found to be ty/ty heterozygous plants with 398-, 303-, and 95-bp bands, and b08, 314, 198, and a ...201222869069
caprx, a coffea arabica gene encoding a putative class iii peroxidase induced by root-knot nematode infection.class iii peroxidases (prxs) are enzymes involved in a multitude of physiological and stress-related processes in plants. here, we report on the characterization of a putative peroxidase-encoding gene from coffea arabica (caprx) that is expressed in early stages of root-knot nematode (rkn) infection. caprx showed enhanced expression in coffee roots inoculated with rkn (at 12 h post-inoculation), but no significant difference in expression was observed between susceptible and resistant plants. as ...201222682563
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