| scanning electron microscopy in nematode-induced giant transfer cells. | a study of giant cells induced by the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, in roots of impatiens balsamina was made by scanning electron microscopy. the cytoplasmic contents of giant cells were removed by a procedure based on koh digestion, to reveal inner wall structure. wall ingrowths typical of transfer cells are present in giant cells from six days onwards after induction. they develop on walls adjacent to vascular tissues, and their distribution and development was examined. pit field ... | 1976 | 1001022 |
| nematodes associated with pawpaw (cv. homestead) in nsukka, nigeria. | in field and greenhouse experiments, meloidogyne javanica caused symptomatic damage to pawpaw (cv. homestead). other important nematodes to which pawpaw seemed a good host included pratylenchus spp., rotylenchus reniformis, helioctylenchus spp., and tylenchulus martini. pawpaw appeared as a poor host to scutellonema clatbricaudatum and hoplolaimus pararobustus. fusarium sp. was isolated from the plant roots. | 1981 | 7342958 |
| a new alui satellite dna in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne fallax: relationships with satellites from the sympatric species m. hapla and m. chitwoodi. | a highly abundant satellite dna comprising 20% of the meloidogyne fallax (nematoda, tylenchida) genome was cloned and sequenced. the satellite monomer is 173 bp long and has a high a + t content of 72.3%, with frequent runs of a's and t's. the sequence variability of the monomers is 2.7%, mainly due to random distribution of single-point mutations. a search for evidence of internal repeated subunits in the monomer sequence revealed a 6-bp motif (aaattt) for which five degenerated repeats, differ ... | 1998 | 9729876 |
| a secretory cellulose-binding protein cdna cloned from the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). | a cdna encoding a secretory cellulose-binding protein was cloned from the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) with rna fingerprinting. the putative full-length cdna, named mi-cpb-1, encoded a 203 amino acid protein containing an n-terminal secretion signal peptide. the c-terminal sequence of the putative mi-cbp-1 was similar to a bacterial-type cellulose-binding domain, whereas the n-terminal sequence did not show significant similarity to any proteins in data bases. recombinant mi-cbp-1 ... | 1998 | 9768512 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of a venom allergen ag5-like cdna from meloidogyne incognita. | rna fingerprinting was used to identify rnas that were expressed in parasitic second-stage juveniles of meloidogyne incognita, but absent from or reduced in preparasitic second-stage juveniles. a cdna encoding a putative secretory protein was cloned from a m. incognita second-stage juvenile cdna library by probing with a 0.5kb fragment derived from fingerprinting that was more strongly expressed in parasitic second-stage juveniles. the cdna, named mi-msp-1, contained an open reading frame encodi ... | 2000 | 10675748 |
| effects of rhizobacteria and root symbionts on the reproduction of meloidogyne javanica and growth of chickpea. | the effects of rhizobacteria, i.e. pseudomonas fluorescens, azotobacter chyroococcum and azospirillum brasilense, alone and in combination with root symbionts, rhizobium sp. and glomus mosseae, on the growth of chickpea, cicer arietinum, and reproduction of meloidogyne jaranica were studied. when added alone g. mosseae was better at improving plant growth and reducing galling and nematode reproduction than any other tested organism. application of p. fluorescens caused an almost similar increase ... | 2001 | 11396906 |
| nematode-antagonistic trichothecenes from fusarium equiseti. | a strain of the fungus fusarium equiseti isolated from soybean cyst nematode secretes nematode-antagonistic compounds. bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of the culture broth was undertaken to identify the compounds. fractions were assayed for activity against a root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita), a plant pathogen that attacks the roots of numerous plant species. two trichothecene compounds were isolated that inhibited egg hatch and immobilized second-stage juveniles of this nem ... | 2001 | 11471940 |
| the tomato rme1 locus is required for mi-1-mediated resistance to root-knot nematodes and the potato aphid. | the tomato mi-1 gene confers resistance against root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.) and a biotype of the potato aphid (macrosiphum euphorbiae). four mutagenized mi-1/mi-1 tomato populations were generated and screened for altered root-knot nematode resistance. four independent mutants belonging to two phenotypic classes were isolated. one mutant was chosen for further analyzes; rme1 (for resistance to meloidogyne) exhibited levels of infection comparable with those found on susceptible contro ... | 2001 | 11576426 |
| a novel root-specific gene, mic-3, with increased expression in nematode-resistant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) after root-knot nematode infection. | a full-length cdna, mic-3, has been identified from a lambda zapii cdna library constructed from the mrna of nematode-resistant cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) roots after infection with root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). the putative open reading frame of mic-3 encoded a protein of 141 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 15.3 kda. seven alternative polyadenylation sites have been identified for the mic-3 transcripts, and the major transcripts are the longest ones. the mic-3 ... | 2002 | 12031505 |
| characterization of a cdna related to k-cl cotransporters in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | we report the cloning of a full-length cdna from the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita, which encodes a putative protein of 1082 amino acids showing high similarity with k-cl cotransporters (kccs) from the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans (54% identity) and from a number of mammals, including human. hydropathy analysis indicates typical kcc topology patterns, with a hydrophylic nh2-terminal region, 12 membrane-spanning domains, and a long cooh-terminal hydrophylic region. ... | 2002 | 12180345 |
| zinc and glycerol enhance the production of nematicidal compounds in vitro and improve the biocontrol of meloidogyne javanica in tomato by fluorescent pseudomonads. | to assess the effects of various carbon and mineral sources on the nematicidal potential of biocontrol inoculants of pseudomonas aeruginosa ie-6s+ and ps. fluorescens cha0 under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. | 2002 | 12180943 |
| influence of plant species on the biological control activity of the antagonistic rhizobacterium rhizobium etli strain g12 toward the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita. | the influence of plant species on the antagonistic activity of the rhizosphere bacterium rhizobium etli g12 towards the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita was studied. the crops tested were tomato, cucumber, cotton, soybean and pepper. the plants were evaluated for the following parameters: root gall-index, total number of galls and egg masses of m. incognita, as well as shoot and root fresh weight and root length. results indicated a clear influence of plant species on the ability of r. e ... | 2001 | 12425090 |
| a polygalacturonase of animal origin isolated from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | the first animal polygalacturonase (pg, ec 2.1.15) encoding cdna, mi-pg-1, was cloned from the plant parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita. the enzymatic activity of mi-pg-1 was confirmed after heterologous expression in escherichia coli. the presence of a predicted signal peptide on the mi-pg-1 sequence together with the specific localization of the transcripts of the mi-pg-1 gene in the oesophageal glands of infective juveniles imply that mi-pg-1 could be secreted into plant tissues. the po ... | 2002 | 12095628 |
| quantification in soil and the rhizosphere of the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium by competitive pcr and comparison with selective plating. | a competitive pcr (cpcr) assay was developed to quantify the nematophagous fungus verticillium chlamydosporium in soil. a gamma-irradiated soil was seeded with different numbers of chlamydospores from v. chlamydosporium isolate 10, and samples were obtained at time intervals of up to 8 weeks. samples were analyzed by cpcr and by plating onto a semiselective medium. the results suggested that saprophytic v. chlamydosporium growth did occur in soil and that the two methods detected different phase ... | 2002 | 11916704 |
| the interaction between the gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin and the attachment of pasteuria penetrans endospores to nematode cuticle. | pasteuria penetrans is a gram-positive endospore-producing bacterium that is a parasite of root-knot nematodes. attachment of endospores to the cuticle of the nematode is the first stage in the infection process. western blot analysis with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that recognize the 30 kda heparin-binding domain (hbd) and the 45 kda gelatin-binding domain (gbd) fragments of human fibronectin (fn) revealed a series of polypeptides of approximately 40, 45 and 55 kda present in crude cu ... | 2001 | 11578090 |
| characterization of bacillus thuringiensis ser. jordanica (serotype h71), a novel serovariety isolated in jordan. | the novel strain of bacillus thuringiensis j112 isolated from a soil sample in jordan was classified and characterized in terms of toxicity against dipteran and nematode larvae, crystal protein pattern, plasmid profile, and cry gene content. a new name, bacillus thuringiensis serovariety jordanica (h serotype 71), is proposed for the reference strain j112. the parasporal crystal proteins were toxic to 3(rd) instar larvae of drosophila melanogaster and to 2(nd) stage juveniles of root knot nemato ... | 2003 | 12783189 |
| food production and nutrition for the crew during the first 2-year closure of biosphere 2. | biosphere 2's finite natural resources: atmosphere, plants, water, and soil, and its unique increased rate of nutrient cycling, mandated a design for the agriculture that emphasized sustainability and high productivity. the results of the initial 2-year test of the agriculture system showed that it could provide a diet that was both nutritionally adequate and pleasing to the palate of the eight-member crew from september 1991 to september 1993. the agriculture design was developed from 1985 to 1 ... | 1997 | 11542292 |
| isolation of a novel collagen gene (mj-col-5) in meloidogyne javanica and analysis of its expression pattern. | mj-col-5, isolated from the plant parasitic nematode meloidogyne javanica, has a longer carboxy-terminus than other members of the caenorhabditis elegans col-6 subfamily of cuticle collagen, including an extra tyrosine residue, and may form altered nonreducible cross-linkages. by semiquantitative determination at different life stages, mj-col-5 transcript was shown to be more abundant in eggs than in juveniles/young females and adult females. to characterize further this gene's contribution to t ... | 2001 | 11534644 |
| cuticle heterogeneity as exhibited by pasteuria spore attachment is not linked to the phylogeny of parthenogenetic root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.). | the cuticle is a major barrier prohibiting the infection of nematodes against micro-organisms. the attachment of bacterial spores of the nematode hyperparasite pasteuria penetrans (pp1) to field populations of root-knot nematodes (rkn, meloidogyne spp.) from burkino faso, ecuador, greece, malawi, senegal and trinidad and tobago were assayed in standard attachment tests. the attachment of spore population pp1 to different field populations of root-knot nematode showed that the rates of attachment ... | 2001 | 11197759 |
| serological studies on the plant parasitic nematode, meloidogyne javanica. | | 1964 | 14201366 |
| the broad-spectrum tospovirus resistance gene sw-5 of tomato is a homolog of the root-knot nematode resistance gene mi. | we used a positional cloning approach to isolate the sw-5 disease resistance locus of tomato. complementation experiments with overlapping cosmid clones enabled us to demonstrate that sw-5 is a single gene locus capable of recognizing several tospovirus isolates and species. analysis of the predicted sw-5 protein suggests that it is a cytoplasmic protein, with a potential nucleotide binding site (nbs) domain and a c-terminal end consisting of leucine-rich repeats (lrrs). based on its structural ... | 2000 | 11043474 |
| phenotypic and genetic characterization of paecilomyces lilacinus strains with biocontrol activity against root-knot nematodes. | efficient selection of fungi for biological control of nematodes requires a series of screening assays. assessment of genetic diversity in the candidate species maximizes the variety of the isolates tested and permits the assignment of a particular genotype with high nematophagous potential using a rapid novel assay. molecular analyses also facilitate separation between isolates, allowing the identification of proprietary strains and trace biocontrol strains in the environment. the resistance of ... | 2000 | 11006837 |
| rapid identification of cyst (heterodera spp., globodera spp.) and root-knot (meloidogyne spp.) nematodes on the basis of its2 sequence variation detected by pcr-single-strand conformational polymorphism (pcr-sscp) in cultures and field samples. | cyst and root-knot nematodes show high levels of gross morphological similarity. this presents difficulties for the study of their ecology in natural ecosystems. in this study, cyst and root-knot nematode species, as well as some ectoparasitic nematode species, were identified using the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) sequence variation detected by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism (pcr-sscp). the its2 region was sufficiently variable within the taxa i ... | 2000 | 10972762 |
| biochemical characterization of mi-eng1, a family 5 endoglucanase secreted by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | a beta-1,4-endoglucanase named mi-eng1, homologous to the family 5 glycoside hydrolases, was previously isolated from the plant parasitic root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. we describe here the detection of the enzyme in the nematode homogenate and secretion and its complete biochemical characterization. this study is the first comparison of the enzymatic properties of an animal glycoside hydrolase with plant and microbial enzymes. mi-eng1 shares many enzymatic properties with known endog ... | 2000 | 10824111 |
| characterization of lemir, a root-knot nematode-induced gene in tomato with an encoded product secreted from the root. | a tomato gene that is induced early after infection of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) with root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne javanica) encodes a protein with 54% amino acid identity to miraculin, a flavorless protein that causes sour substances to be perceived as sweet. this gene was therefore named lemir (l. esculentum miraculin). sequence similarity places the encoded protein in the soybean trypsin-inhibitor family (kunitz). lemir mrna is found in root, hypocotyl, and flower tissues, wi ... | 1998 | 9733543 |
| the root knot nematode resistance gene mi from tomato is a member of the leucine zipper, nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat family of plant genes. | the mi locus of tomato confers resistance to root knot nematodes. tomato dna spanning the locus was isolated as bacterial artificial chromosome clones, and 52 kb of contiguous dna was sequenced. three open reading frames were identified with similarity to cloned plant disease resistance genes. two of them, mi-1.1 and mi-1.2, appear to be intact genes; the third is a pseudogene. a 4-kb mrna hybridizing with these genes is present in tomato roots. complementation studies using cloned copies of mi- ... | 1998 | 9707531 |
| meloidogyne javanica surface proteins: characterization and lability. | characterization of surface coat (sc) proteins including carbohydrate-binding proteins and glycoproteins of the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne javanica 2nd-stage juvenile (j2) is reported. extraction of surface proteins with sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and separation by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) results with bands at 6, 9, 14, 22, 26, 31, 46, 49, 58, 66, 80, 205 and 250 kda. on western blots, the neoglycoprotein, fucosylated-, mannosylated- and glucosylated- ... | 1997 | 9368902 |
| evolution of the at-rich mitochondrial dna of the root knot nematode, meloidogyne hapla. | mitochondrial dna of the root knot nematode meloidogyne hapla was investigated for intraspecific diversity and divergence from other parthenogenetic root knot nematodes. a 1,900-bp fragment containing coii, trnahis, 16s rrna, nd3 and cyt b genes has been cloned and sequenced from one individual and an 1,188-bp region within this region was sequenced from four other australian isolates. m. hapla mtdna is more than 80% at-rich, like other meloidogyne spp. nucleotide diversity within m. hapla is so ... | 1997 | 9000752 |
| expression and functional characterization of a single chain fv antibody directed against secretions involved in plant nematode infection process. | expression in plants of antibodies directed against proteins essential for pathogenesis could provide an alternative approach to engineer new resistance traits into crops. salivary secretions of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita are known to play a key role during this nematode infection process. from a hybridoma cell line producing an igm monoclonal antibody specific to these secretions, we have constructed a synthetic gene that encodes an antigen-binding single-chain fv protein (scf ... | 1996 | 8645292 |
| carbohydrate-recognition domains on the surface of phytophagous nematodes. | human red blood cells (hrbc) adhered to preparasitic second-stage juveniles (j2) of heterodera avenae, heterodera schachtii, meloidogyne javanica, pratylenchus mediterraneus, rotylenchulus reniformis, and tylenchulus semipenetrans over the entire nematode body. binding was conspicuously confined to the head and tail of longidorus cohni, xiphinema brevicolle, and xiphinema index. binding was ca2+ and mg2+ dependent. in contrast, hrbc did not adhere to anguina tritici, aphelenchoides subtenius, di ... | 1995 | 7895833 |
| a basic serine protease from paecilomyces lilacinus with biological activity against meloidogyne hapla eggs. | scanning electron micrographs of the nematode-egg-parasitic fungus paecilomyces lilacinus infecting eggs of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne spp. suggested the involvement of lytic enzymes. when grown on a liquid mineral salts medium, supplemented with different substrates as the sole n- and c-source, the fungus produced an extracellular protease. colloidal chitin, vitellin and intact eggs of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla induced proteolytic activity that was repressed by glucose. t ... | 1995 | 7773385 |
| characterization of a pathogen-induced potato catalase and its systemic expression upon nematode and bacterial infection. | we have isolated a cdna encoding a catalase (cat2st) by differential screening of a cdna library constructed from potato roots infected with the cyst nematode globodera pallida. expression analysis confirmed the local induction of cat2st and showed that it was highest at the adult stage of the parasite. it also revealed that cat2st was induced in uninfected roots, stems, and leaves of infected plants. localized and systemic induction of cat2st was also observed upon root-knot nematode (meloidogy ... | 1995 | 7655060 |
| pasteuria thornei sp. nov. and pasteuria penetrans sensu stricto emend., mycelial and endospore-forming bacteria parasitic, respectively, on plant-parasitic nematodes of the genera pratylenchus and meloidogyne. | descriptions are presented of two members of the pasteuria penetrans group of mycelial and endospore-forming bacteria, parasitic on plant-parasitic nematodes. in one case, the epithet p. penetrans sensu stricto emend. has now been limited to members of this group with cup-shaped sporangia and ellipsoidal endospores, parasitic primarily on the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. the second organism, with rhomboidal sporangia and nearly spherical endospores, which is parasitic primarily on t ... | 1988 | 3382544 |
| responses of the plant parasitic nematodes rotylenchulus reniformis, anguina agrostis and meloidogyne javanica to chemical attractants. | rotylenchulus reniformis, anguina agrostis and meloidogyne javanica respond differently to gradients of chemical attractants. in chemotaxis assays performed on agarose plates, r. reniformis l2 larvae oriented their movement to several common inorganic salts, cyclic amp and amp, as well as to germinated host plant seeds. m. javanica l2 larvae were attracted to germinated seeds, but not to the salts tested, and a. agrostis dauer larvae were not strongly attracted to any of 12 different tested agen ... | 1985 | 2993986 |
| study on interaction between root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica and wilt fungus verticillium dahliae on olive seedlings in greenhouse. | verticillium dahliae has been reported as a limiting factor in cotton, olive, potato and tomato fields from several countries in the world. root-knot nematodes meloidogyne javanica causes considerable damage to olive groves in olive growing areas. since the presence of these two pathogens in olive trees and seedlings were confirmed in golestan province, this study was proposed to find the mode of their action and interaction with olive seedlings in greenhouse. the non-defoliant strain of the fun ... | 2003 | 15149103 |
| characterisation of potential adhesins of the bacterium pasteuria penetrans, and of putative receptors on the cuticle of meloidogyne incognita, a nematode host. | pasteuria penetrans spores were fragmented by glass bead vortexing, producing exosporial membranes and spore fragments, which consisted of fibre bundles. both exosporia and spore fragments are capable of host-specific attachment to the cuticle of meloidogyne incognita, a root-knot nematode host. putative m. incognita receptors appear to be soluble in beta-mercaptoethanol (bme) but not sds, and are also sensitive to tryptic digestion and deglycosylation by endoglycosidase f. polyclonal antibodies ... | 1991 | 1808209 |
| differential impact of some aspergillus species on meloidogyne javanica biocontrol by pseudomonas fluorescens strain cha0. | the aim was to determine the influence of some aspergillus species on the production of nematicidal agent(s) in vitro and biocontrol of meloidogyne javanica in tomato by pseudomonas fluorescens strains cha0 and cha0/pme3424. | 2004 | 15189291 |
| development of a new management strategy for the control of root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp) in organic vegetable production. | the nematophagous fungus, pochonia chlamydosporia (goddard) zare & gams, has been investigated as a potential biological control agent for use in integrated pest management strategies for meloidogyne incognita (kof & white) chitwood in vegetable crops. the release of the fungus as a biological control agent requires a diagnostic method to monitor its spread in the environment and to gain knowledge of its ecology. only molecular methods are sufficiently discriminating to enable the detection of s ... | 2003 | 12587872 |
| genetics of resistance to meloidogyne incognita in crosses of grape rootstocks. | progeny testing was used to investigate the value of selected grape varieties as parents in breeding nematode-resistant rootstocks. six pistillate-flowered rootstocks (ramsey, dog ridge, harmony, freedom, 1613c, and 161-49c) and four staminate-flowered rootstocks (riparia gloire, 3309c, 1616c, and st. george) were used. each male was crossed to each female. six weeks after inoculation with 1,500 second-stage juveniles of meloidogyne incognita race 3, roots were stained in an aqueous solution of ... | 2002 | 12582495 |
| the endosymbiosis-induced genes enod40 and ccs52a are involved in endoparasitic-nematode interactions in medicago truncatula. | plants associate with a wide range of mutualistic and parasitic biotrophic organisms. here, we investigated whether beneficial plant symbionts and biotrophic pathogens induce distinct or overlapping regulatory pathways in medicago truncatula. the symbiosis between sinorhizobium meliloti and this plant results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules requiring the activation of specific genes in the host plant. we studied expression patterns of nodule-expressed genes after infection with ... | 2002 | 12437298 |
| high-nitrogen compost as a medium for organic container-grown crops. | compost was tested as a medium for organic container-grown crops. nitrogen (n) loss during composting of separated cow manure (scm) was minimized using high c/n (wheat straw, ws; grape marc, gm) or a slightly acidic (orange peels, op) additives. n conservation values in the resultant composts were 82%, 95% and 98% for gm-scm, op-scm and ws-scm, respectively. physical characteristics of the composts were compatible with use as growing media. the nutritional contribution of the composts was assess ... | 2005 | 15491822 |
| induction patterns of an extensin gene in tobacco upon nematode infection. | when sedentary endoparasitic nematodes infect plants, they induce complex feeding sites within the root tissues of their host. to characterize cell wall changes induced within these structures at a molecular level, we studied the expression of an extensin gene (coding for a major structural cell wall protein) in nematode-infected tobacco roots. extensin gene expression was observed to be induced very early upon infection. this induction was weak, transient, and probably due to wounding during pe ... | 1993 | 12271052 |
| improvement of pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 biocontrol activity against root-knot nematode by the addition of ammonium molybdate. | to improve the efficacy of pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 and its genetically modified (gm) derivatives by adding ammonium molybdate to control meloidogyne javanica, the root-knot nematode in mungbean. | 2003 | 12641719 |
| protein variability in meloidogyne spp. (nematoda:meloidogynidae) revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. | total protein variation as revealed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2d-e) was studied in 18 isolates from populations of meloidogyne arenaria (six isolates), meloidogyne incognita (10 isolates), and meloidogyne javanica (one isolate) plus an unclassified isolate. gels (80 x 60 x 0.75 mm) were silverstained and digitized in order to compare their protein patterns. optical density and position of protein patterns were measured using statistical cluster analysis and computer-assisted image anal ... | 2002 | 12645913 |
| nematicidal activity of some sri lankan plants. | nineteen solvent extracts from seven sri lankan plants were examined for nematicidal activity against the root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. extracts of allophyhu cobbe, lepisanthes tetraphylla (sapindaceae), sarcococca zeylanica (buxaceae) and hedyotis lawsoniae (rubiaceae) have shown significant nematicidal activity. | 2003 | 12822904 |
| fungal egg-parasites of plant-parasitic nematodes from spanish soils. | we have investigated the presence of fungal egg-parasites in spanish soils with plant endoparasitic nematodes. nine out of 68 samples (13%) yielded fungal parasites. the most common (seven strains) was pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia (= verticillium chlamydosporium var. chlamydosporium), but lecanicillium lecanii (= verticillium lecanii) and paecilomyces lilacinus were also found. most strains were from cyst nematodes (heterodera avenae or heterodera schachtii). biological factors re ... | 2002 | 12828513 |
| non-pathogenic fusarium solani represses the biosynthesis of nematicidal compounds in vitro and reduces the biocontrol of meloidogyne javanica by pseudomonas fluorescens in tomato. | the aim of the present investigation was to determine the influence of various fusarium solani strains on the production of nematicidal agent(s) in vitro and biocontrol of meloidogyne javanica in tomato by pseudomonas fluorescens strains cha0 and cha0/pme3424. | 2003 | 12859651 |
| location of independent root-knot nematode resistance genes in plum and peach. | prunus species express different ranges and levels of resistance to the root-knot nematodes (rkn) meloidogyne spp. in myrobalan plum ( prunus cerasifera), the dominant ma gene confers a high-level and wide-spectrum resistance to the predominant rkn, meloidogyne arenaria, meloidogyne incognita, meloidogyne javanica and the isolate meloidogyne sp. florida which overcomes the resistance of the amygdalus sources. in japanese plum ( prunus salicina), a similar wide-spectrum dominant resistance gene, ... | 2004 | 14569426 |
| suppression of meloidogyne javanica by antagonistic and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. | four rhizobacteria selected out of over 500 isolates from rhizosphere of the vegetables in china were further studied for suppression of the root-knot nematode and soil-borne fungal pathogens in laboratory and greenhouse in belgium. they were identified as brevibacillus brevis or bacillus subtilis by biolog test and partial 16s rdna sequence comparison. they not only inhibited the radial growth of the root-infecting fungi rhizoctonia solani sx-6, pythium aphanidermatum zjp-1 and fusarium oxyspor ... | 2005 | 15909333 |
| lotus japonicus: a new model to study root-parasitic nematodes. | sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes engage in complex interactions, and induce specialized feeding structures by redirecting plant developmental pathways, and parallels have been observed with rhizobial nodule development on legumes. a model legume would greatly facilitate a better understanding of the differences between parasitic (nematode) and mutualistic (rhizobia and mycorrhizae) symbioses, and we have developed lotus japonicus as such a model. conditions for efficient parasitism by root-kn ... | 2003 | 14634154 |
| [diseases and its control on dendrobium]. | the diseases on the dendrobium plants and their occurrence and damage as well as control methods have been investigated and studied. 11 kinds of fungi, 4 kinds of bacteria, 3 kinds of virus and one root-knot nematode were recorded. to control them effectively, cultural methods such as selecting cultivable field, keeping the field sanitation, enhancing cultural operations are mostly recommended. the application of chemical germicides is also stressed. | 2003 | 14650056 |
| induction of the hahsp17.7g4 promoter by root-knot nematodes: involvement of heat-shock elements in promoter activity in giant cells. | root-knot nematodes feed from specialized giant cells induced in the plants that they parasitize. we found that the promoter of the hahsp17.7g4 gene, which encodes a small heat-shock protein involved in embryogenesis and stress responses, directed gus expression in tobacco galls induced by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. in roots containing a gus reporter fusion to the hahsp17.7g4 promoter, 10% of the galls stained for gus expression 1 to 3 days after infection and the fraction sta ... | 2003 | 14651339 |
| effects of fly ash, pseudomonas striata and rhizobium on the reproduction of nematode meloidogyne incognita and on the growth and transpiration of pea. | glasshouse experiments were conducted twice to assess the ash amendments (0, 20, and 40% with soil), a phosphate solubilizing microorganism pseudomonas striata and a root-nodule bacterium rhizobium sp on the reproduction of root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and on the growth and transpiration of pea. amendments of fly ash with soil had no effect on transpiration. however, m. incognita reduced the rate of transpiration from 1st week onward after inoculation while inoculation of rhizobium s ... | 2005 | 16114471 |
| investigation of alternatives to methyl bromide for management of meloidogyne javanica on greenhouse grown tomato. | the root galling index and the densities of eggs in roots and juveniles in soil of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica (treub) chitwood on tomato, and the effect of these on crop yield were assessed in greenhouse experiments applying various treatments at two different sites in crete, greece. tomato crops were grown for four cycles by rotating nematode-resistant (first and third spring crops) with susceptible (second and fourth autumn crops) cultivars and receiving the following treatmen ... | 2003 | 14667053 |
| trichoderma harzianum enhances the production of nematicidal compounds in vitro and improves biocontrol of meloidogyne javanica by pseudomonas fluorescens in tomato. | to determine the influence of soil-borne fungus trichoderma harzianum on the biocontrol performance of pseudomonas fluorescens strain cha0 and its 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg) overproducing derivative cha0/pme3424 against meloidogyne javanica. | 2004 | 14746551 |
| liquid culture carbon, nitrogen and inorganic phosphate source regulate nematicidal activity by fluorescent pseudomonads in vitro. | the aim of the present investigation was to determine the influence of nutrients on the nematicidal activity by pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ie-6s+ and ps. fluorescens strain cha0 in vitro. | 2004 | 14962038 |
| feeding and maturation by soybean looper (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae on soybean affected by weed, fungus, and nematode pests. | feeding and maturation by the soybean looper, pseudoplusia includens (walker) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), were investigated in a 2-yr study on 'davis' soybean, glycine max (l.) merr., grown alone and combined with the weed hemp sesbania, sesbania exaltata (raf.) rybd. ex. a. w. hill, the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood, and the charcoal rot fungus, macrophomina phaseolina (tassi) goid. of the three pests, hemp sesbania had the greatest effects on plant growth an ... | 2004 | 14998122 |
| impact of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia on nematode and microbial populations. | the microbial and nematode populations associated with two plants (tomato and cabbage) inoculated with the nematophagous fungus, pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia or root knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita), or both, were compared with those in unplanted controls. the dominant factor affecting culturable microbial populations was found to be the presence or absence of tomato plants. generally microbial colony counts were lowest in unplanted soil, small increases were associated with ... | 2005 | 16363363 |
| expression of an arabidopsis phosphoglycerate mutase homologue is localized to apical meristems, regulated by hormones, and induced by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes. | we previously isolated a partial soybean cdna clone whose transcript abundance is increased upon infection by the sedentary, endoparasitic soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. we now isolated the corresponding full-length cdna and determined that the predicted gene product was similar to the group of cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase/bisphosphoglycerate mutase enzymes (pgm/bpgm; ec 5.4.2.1/5.4.2.4). we designated the corresponding soybean gene gmpgm. pgm and bpgm are key catalysts ... | 2003 | 15010616 |
| salicylic acid is part of the mi-1-mediated defense response to root-knot nematode in tomato. | the mi-1 gene of tomato confers resistance against three species of root-knot nematode in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). transformation of tomato carrying mi-1 with a construct expressing nahg, which encodes salicylate hydroxylase, a bacterial enzyme that degrades salicylic acid (sa) to catechol, results in partial loss of resistance to root-knot nematodes. exogenous sa was toxic to roots expressing nahg but not to control roots. this toxicity is most likely due to the production of catechol ... | 2004 | 15077667 |
| cytokinins play opposite roles in lateral root formation, and nematode and rhizobial symbioses. | we used the cytokinin-responsive arabidopsis response regulator (arr)5 gene promoter fused to a beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene, and cytokinin oxidase (ckx) genes from arabidopsis thaliana (atckx3) and maize (zmckx1) to investigate the roles of cytokinins in lateral root formation and symbiosis in lotus japonicus. arr5 expression was undetectable in the dividing initial cells at early stages of lateral root formation, but later we observed high expression in the base of the lateral root p ... | 2004 | 15078325 |
| the biocontrol fungus pochonia chlamydosporia shows nematode host preference at the infraspecific level. | a rapd-pcr assay was developed and used to test for competitive variability in growth of the nematode biological control fungus pochonia chlamydosporia. saprophytic competence in soil with or without tomato plants was examined in three isolates of the fungus: res 280 (j), originally isolated from potato cyst nematode (pcn) cysts; res 200 (i) and res 279 (s), both originally isolated from root knot nematode (rkn) eggs. viable counts taken at 70 d indicated that i was the best saprophyte followed ... | 2004 | 15119353 |
| efficacy of paecilomyces lilacinus (strain 251) for the control of root-knot nematodes. | the egg pathogenic fungus paecilomyces lilacinus (strain 251), is a unique strain with a wide range of activity against the most important plant parasitic nematodes. due to increased production capacity by solid state fermentation and a new water dispersible granule (wdg) formulation, this biological nematicide may be used in an integrated approach to control plant parasitic nematodes. dose response experiments were conducted with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita on tomatoes using th ... | 2003 | 15149100 |
| managing the mycorrhizosphere--an approach to sustainable agriculture after the phaseout of methyl bromide? | plant health promoting rhizobacteria (phpr) with known biocontrol activity toward the root knot nematode, meloidogyne incognito, were tested for their ability to promote root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on tomato under greenhouse conditions. in addition, bacteria isolated from mycorrhizal spores were tested for their direct biological control activity on nematode early root penetration. the nematode antagonistic rhizobacteria rhizobium etli g12 significantly increased mycorrhiza ... | 2003 | 15149101 |
| comparative analysis of two 14-3-3 homologues and their expression pattern in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved ubiquitous proteins found in all eukaryotic organisms. they are involved in various cellular processes including signal transduction, cell-cycle control, apoptosis, stress response and cytoskeleton organisation. we report here the cloning of two genes encoding 14-3-3 isoforms from the plant parasitic root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, together with an analysis of their expression. both genes were shown to be transcribed in unhatched second stage larvae ... | 2004 | 15157770 |
| nematode infection and reproduction in transgenic and mutant arabidopsis and tobacco with an altered phenylpropanoid metabolism. | transgenic and mutant arabidopsis and tobacco plants with altered phenylpropanoid metabolism were infected with the plant parasitic root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita to assess the effect of the transgene or mutation on nematode infection and reproduction. modifications in the lignin biosynthetic pathway which alter lignin composition in roots affected reproduction. in arabidopsis with increased levels of syringyl lignin, reproduction was lower than in wild-type plants, while in tobacco wi ... | 2006 | 16831845 |
| microsatellite genetic linkage maps of myrobalan plum and an almond-peach hybrid--location of root-knot nematode resistance genes. | inheritance and linkage studies were carried out with microsatellite [or simple sequence repeat (ssr)] markers in a f(1) progeny including 101 individuals of a cross between myrobalan plum ( prunus cerasifera ehrh) clone p.2175 and the almond (prunus dulcis mill.)-peach ( prunus persica l. batsch) hybrid clone gn22 ["garfi" (g) almond x "nemared" (n) peach]. this three-way interspecific prunus progeny was produced in order to associate high root-knot nematode (rkn) resistances from myrobalan and ... | 2004 | 15241595 |
| high-resolution mapping and chromosome landing at the root-know nematode resistance locus ma from myrobalan plum using a large-insert bac dna library. | the ma gene for root-knot nematode (rkn)resistance from myrobalan plum (prunus cerasifera l.)confers a complete-spectrum and a heat-stable resistance to meloidogvne spp., conversely to mi-i from tomato,which has a more restricted spectrum and a reduced efficiency at high temperature. this gene was identified from a perennial self-incompatible near-wild rootstock species and lies in cosegregation with the scar marker scaflp2 on the prunus linkage group 7 in a 2.3 cm interval between the scar scal ... | 2004 | 15322755 |
| phenylacetic acid-producing rhizoctonia solani represses the biosynthesis of nematicidal compounds in vitro and influences biocontrol of meloidogyne incognita in tomato by pseudomonas fluorescens strain cha0 and its gm derivatives. | the aim of the present investigation was to determine the influence of rhizoctonia solani and its pathogenicity factor on the production of nematicidal agent(s) by pseudomonas fluorescens strain cha0 and its gm derivatives in vitro and nematode biocontrol potential by bacterial inoculants in tomato. | 2005 | 15610416 |
| the effect of different initial densities of nematode (meloidogyne javanica) on the build-up of pasteuria penetrans population. | pasteuria penetrans will build-up faster where there is a high initial nematode density and can suppress root-knot nematode populations in the roots of tomato plants. the effect of different initial densities of nematode (meloidogyne javanica) (150, 750, 1500, 3000) and p. penetrans infected females (f1, f3) densities (f0=control and ac=absolute control without nematode or p. penetrans inoculum) on the build-up of pasteuria population was investigated over four crop cycles. two major points of i ... | 2005 | 15633246 |
| development of pasteuria penetrans in meloidogyne javanica females as affected by constantly high vs fluctuating temperature in an in-vivo system. | growth room and glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of constant and fluctuating temperatures on the development of pasteuria penetrans a hyperparasite of root-knot nematodes. tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum mill) were inoculated with meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles attached with endospores of p. penetrans and were grown in growth room at 26-29 degrees c and in glasshouse at 20-32 degrees c. the tomato plants were sampled from the growth room after 600 ... | 2005 | 15682497 |
| optimizing the efficacy of paecilomyces lilacinus (strain 251) for the control of root-knot nematodes. | the egg pathogenic fungus paecilomyces lilacinus (strain 251) is a biocontrol fungus with a potential range of activity to control the worldwide most important plant parasitic nematodes. this biological nematicide may be an useful tool in an integrated approach to control mainly sedentary nematodes. greenhouse experiments were conducted with the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita and m. hapla on tomato. p. lilacinus, formulated as wg (bioact wg), was incorporated into soil inoculated with ... | 2004 | 15759437 |
| interactions between root-knot nematode meloidogyne javanica and fusarium wilt disease, fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis in different varieties of melon. | fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis and root-knot nematode (meloidogyne javanica) are destructive pathogens on cucurbits in varamin area of iran. the interaction between two pathogens was studied on local melon cultivars, garmsar and sooski. inoculum of meloidogyne javanica was prepared on susceptible cultivar, rutgers using single egg mass method in greenhouse. inoculum of fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis (race 1) was prepared using richard solution. a concentration of 2 x 10(5) micro conidia of f ... | 2004 | 15759439 |
| nematicidal activity and chemical component of poria cocos. | poria cocos, a famous traditional chinese medicine, was found to have nematicidal activity in experiments searching for nematicidal fungi. the experiment showed it could kill 94.9% of the saprophytic nematode, panagrellus redivivue, 92.6% of the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne arenaria, and 93.5% of the pine nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, on pda plate within 12 hours. according to the nematicidal activity, three new compounds, 2, 4, 6-triacetylenic octane diacid, 2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydroxyhe ... | 2005 | 15765052 |
| morphological and molecular characteristics of a new species of pasteuria parasitic on meloidogyne ardenensis. | a species of the hyper-parasitic bacterium pasteuria was isolated from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne ardenensis infecting the roots of ash (fraxinus excelsior). it is morphologically different from some other pasteuria pathogens of nematodes in that the spores lack a basal ring on the ventral side of the spore and have a unique clumping nature. transmission electron microscopy (tem) showed that the clumps of spores are not random aggregates but result from the disintegration of the suicide ... | 2007 | 17399736 |
| a novel approach to identify plant parasitic nematodes using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | plant parasitic nematodes are difficult to identify because different species are morphologically similar, and this makes their control more difficult. the aim of this work was to develop a rapid, simple method to identify plant parasitic nematodes, based on analysis of protein profiles of nematodes generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms). two methods have been used: grinding and direct analysis of intact nematodes. both methods wer ... | 2005 | 15880621 |
| resistance to root-knot nematode in tomato roots expressing a nematicidal bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein. | our laboratory has demonstrated previously that bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal (cry) proteins present in the cry5 and cry6 subclades intoxicate free-living nematodes. in this study, we tested whether the expression of nematicidal cry6a in transgenic plants provided protection against plant-parasitic nematodes. as bacterial codon usage is incompatible with expression in plants, two different codon-modified cry6a genes were synthesized for expression in plants. one was designed by maintaining ... | 2007 | 17451491 |
| tropical soil microflora of spice-based cropping systems as potential antagonists of root-knot nematodes. | suppression of plant parasitic nematodes with nematode predators, parasites or antagonists is an eco-friendly approach than the toxic chemicals. in a study, soil borne fungi from the rhizosphere of major spice crops were collected from diverse cropping systems prevailing in three southern states of india. a series of in vitro studies were conducted using 73 freshly collected fungal isolates and 76 isolates obtained from other sources. out of this 67 isolates were not parasitic on females of root ... | 2005 | 15955340 |
| studies on the management of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, fusarium oxysporum disease complex of green gram, vigna radiata cv ml-1108. | studies were conducted under pot conditions to determine the comparative efficacy of carbofuran at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin at 1 mg a.i./kg soil, neem (azadirachta indica) seed powder at 50 mg/kg soil, green mould (trichoderma harzianum) at 50.0 ml/kg soil, rhizobacteria (pseudomonas fluorescens) at 50.0 ml/kg soil against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita-wilt fungus, fusarium oxysporum disease complex on green gram, vigna radiata cv ml-1108. all the treatments significantly improved ... | 2005 | 16052706 |
| proteases from bacillus: a new insight into the mechanism of action for rhizobacterial suppression of nematode populations. | the aim of this study was to investigate the role of proteases in bacillus spp. of rhizobacteria in suppressing nematode populations and to understand their mechanism of action. | 2007 | 17718837 |
| physiological and genetic mapping study of tolerance to root-knot nematode in rice. | the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is an obligate biotrophic parasite and a major pest of rice (oryza sativa) for which resistant varieties are not currently available. quantitative trait loci (qtls) for partial resistance to m. graminicola were identified using a mapping population based on two rice varieties, bala x azucena. experiments were carried out to investigate the interactions between m. graminicola and these two varieties in terms of nematode establishment, reproduction an ... | 2007 | 17822410 |
| phylogenetic analysis of pasteuria penetrans by use of multiple genetic loci. | pasteuria penetrans is a gram-positive, endospore-forming eubacterium that apparently is a member of the bacillus-clostridium clade. it is an obligate parasite of root knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.) and preferentially grows on the developing ovaries, inhibiting reproduction. root knot nematodes are devastating root pests of economically important crop plants and are difficult to control. consequently, p. penetrans has long been recognized as a potential biocontrol agent for root knot nematode ... | 2005 | 16077116 |
| extracellular protease of pseudomonas fluorescens cha0, a biocontrol factor with activity against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | in pseudomonas fluorescens cha0, mutation of the gaca-controlled apra gene (encoding the major extracellular protease) or the gaca regulatory gene resulted in reduced biocontrol activity against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita during tomato and soybean infection. culture supernatants of strain cha0 inhibited egg hatching and induced mortality of m. incognita juveniles more strongly than did supernatants of apra and gaca mutants, suggesting that apra protease contributes to biocontro ... | 2005 | 16151170 |
| biological activity of spatoglossum asperum: a brown alga. | chloroform and methanol fractions of an ethanol extract of spatoglossum asperum showed antifungal activity against the highly destructive plant pathogen, macrophomina phaseolina while the n-hexane fraction showed activity against rhizoctonia solani and fusarium solani. n-hexane and methanol fractions also showed nematicidal activity against the plant parasitic nematode, meloidogyne javanica. column chromatography of the ethanol extract of seaweed yielded oily fractions named sa-i to sa-vi. gc-ms ... | 2005 | 16161033 |
| colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus versiforme induces a defense response against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita in the grapevine (vitis amurensis rupr.), which includes transcriptional activation of the class iii chitinase gene vch3. | inoculation of the grapevine (vitis amurensis rupr.) with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus versiforme significantly increased resistance against the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne incognita. studies using relative quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (rqrt-pcr) analysis of grapevine root inoculation with the am fungus revealed an up-regulation of vch3 transcripts. this increase was greater than that observed following infection with rkn. however, inoculation of the mycorrhiz ... | 2006 | 16326755 |
| internalization of escherichia coli o157:h7 following biological and mechanical disruption of growing spinach plants. | the internalization and persistence of a bioluminescent escherichia coli o157:h7 ph1 was investigated in growing spinach plants that had been either biologically or mechanically damaged. in control (undamaged) plants cultivated in soil microcosms inoculated with e. coli o157:h7 phl, the bacterium was recovered from surface-sterilized root tissue but not from leaves. mechanical disruption of the seminal root and root hairs of the plants did not result in the internalization of the pathogen into t ... | 2005 | 16355819 |
| morphological variability and molecular phylogeny of the nematophagous fungus monacrosporium drechsleri. | an isolate of the nematode-trapping fungus monacrosporium drechsleri was collected from cultures of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne arenaria that had been maintained on tomato roots in greenhouse pots in beltsville, maryland. the plant-parasitic nematodes heterodera glycines, meloidogyne incognita and pratylenchus zeae and the free-living nematodes caenorhabditis elegans and panagrellus redivivus were placed on colonies of m. drechsleri grown in petri dishes to study ability of the isolate to ... | 2005 | 16396348 |
| isolation and characterization of another cdna encoding a chorismate mutase from the phytoparasitic nematode meloidogyne arenaria. | a new cdna, named ma-cm-2, encoding a chorismate mutase (cm), has been isolated from meloidogyne arenaria. the full-length cdna, carrying the trans-spliced sl1 leader sequence, was 753-bp long with an open reading frame of 576 bp. the deduced protein ma-cm-2 including amino-terminal signal peptide shows significant similarity to cms of meloidogyne incognita, meloidogyne javanica, and also bacteria. secondary structure prediction of ma-cm-2 indicates the presence of the three conserved alpha-heli ... | 2006 | 16458297 |
| molecular characterization and temporal expression analyses indicate that the mic (meloidogyne induced cotton) gene family represents a novel group of root-specific defense-related genes in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). | the molecular events underlying the resistance of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) to the root-knot nematode (rkn) are largely unknown. in this report, we further characterize the previously identified mic3 gene including the identification of 14 related mic cdnas in nematode-infected roots of allotetraploid cotton that show >85% identity with mic3. a time-course analysis of rkn infection in resistant and susceptible cotton lines showed that maximum mic transcript accumulation occurred imme ... | 2008 | 18357465 |
| management of root knot nematode on tomato through application of fungal antagonists, acremonium strictum and trichoderma harzianum. | management of root knot nematode disease infecting tomato, by the use of fungal bioagents acremonium strictum and trichoderma harzianum isolated from egg masses of m. incognita infecting tomato has been carried out. the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of root knot nematode infested tomato revealed consistent association of acremonium strictum. in the present study a. strictum and other fungal bioagents viz. aspergillus niger, paecilomyces lilacinus, rhizoctonia solani and trichoderma harzianum isolat ... | 2008 | 18368544 |
| observations on the suppression of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne arenaria) on tomato by incorporation of cyanobacterial powder (oscillatoria chlorina) into potting field soil. | experiments were carried out to investigate the nematicidal potential of a cyanobacterium, oscillatoria chlorina, against the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne arenaria on tomato plants grown in pots filled with 500 cm3 of field soil infested with 12-s stage juveniles (j2)/cm3 soil. incorporation of freeze-dried cyanobacterial powder into potted field soil at the rate of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% (w/w) 5 days prior to tomato planting, reduced root galling, final population of m. arenaria and ... | 2007 | 16458501 |
| study on infection symptoms of root-knot nematode, meloidogyneja vanica, on the stem of the tomato seedlings in greenhouse. | on the first of seeds germination, meloidogyne javanica induced knots on the stem eventually by to penetrate into the coleoptiles. in this experiment, used soil was loamy-sandy type, ph=7.2, including 1.5% composts. tomato seedlings of cultivar rutgers were used as host. this experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 10 replicates as fallow: (1) control, (2) 10 j2s/cm3 of soil, (3) 20 j2s/cm3 of soil. in each pot (1000 cm3), 50 seeds were planted. inoculation ... | 2005 | 16628935 |
| new strategy for isolating novel nematicidal crystal protein genes from bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt-1518. | we have developed a strategy for isolating cry genes from bacillus thuringiensis. the key steps are the construction of a dna library in an acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis host strain and screening for the formation of crystal through optical microscopy observation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) analyses. by this method, three cry genes--cry55aa1, cry6aa2, and cry5ba2--were cloned from rice-shaped crystals, producing b. thuringiensis ybt-1518, which co ... | 2008 | 18820056 |
| molecular detection of nematicidal crystalliferous bacillus thuringiensis strains of iran and evaluation of their toxicity on free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes. | the characterization of nematode-effective strains and cry genes in the iranian bacillus thuringiensis (bt) collection (70 isolates) is presented. characterization was based on pcr analysis using 12 specific primers for cry5, cry6, cry12, cry13, cry14, and cry21 genes encoding proteins active against nematodes, crystal morphology, and protein band patterns as well as their nematicidal activity on root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) and two free-living nematodes (chiloplacus tenuis and acr ... | 2008 | 18923549 |
| biological control potential of the obligate parasite pasteuria penetransagainst the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita infestation in brinjal. | the efficacy of the obligate bacterial parasite, pasteuria penetrans against the rootknot nematode, meloidogyne incognita infestation was assessed in brinjal. the seedling pans with sterilized soil were inoculated with nematodes and root powder of p. penetrans were applied at different dosages viz., 0 x 10(6), 0.5 x 10(6) spores and 1 x 10(6) spores/pan. seeds of brinjal cv co2 were sown in the pans and seedlings were allowed to grow. the seedlings were transplanted to microplots containing ster ... | 2005 | 16628937 |
| a fusarium wilt resistance gene in gossypium barbadense and its effect on root-knot nematode-wilt disease complex. | abstract fusarium wilt, caused by the soilborne pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 1, is a vascular disease in cotton (gossypium spp.), and is a component of a disease complex with root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne incognita). genetic analysis of two interspecific crosses (g. barbadense pima s-7 x g. hirsutum acala nemx and pima s-7 x acala sj-2) showed that one major gene (designated fov1) with allele dosage effect conferred resistance to f. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 1 i ... | 2006 | 18943146 |
| integrated management of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita infestation in tomato and grapevine. | an integrated approach with the obligate bacterial parasite, pasteuria penetrans and nematicides was assessed for the management of the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita infestation in tomato and grapevine. seedlings of tomato cv. co3 were transplanted into pots filled with sterilized soil and inoculated with nematodes (5000 juveniles/pot). the root powder of p. penetrans at 10 mg/pot was applied alone and in combination with carbofuran at 6 mg/pot. application of p. penetrans along with ... | 2005 | 16628938 |
| a root-knot nematode secretory peptide functions as a ligand for a plant transcription factor. | parasitism genes expressed in the esophageal gland cells of root-knot nematodes encode proteins that are secreted into host root cells to transform the recipient cells into enlarged multinucleate feeding cells called giant-cells. expression of a root-knot nematode parasitism gene which encodes a novel 13-amino-acid secretory peptide in plant tissues stimulated root growth. two scarecrow-like transcription factors of the gras protein family were identified as the putative targets for this bioacti ... | 2006 | 16673933 |
| production of leucinostatins and nematicidal activity of australian isolates of paecilomyces lilacinus (thom) samson. | to evaluate the relationship between leucinostatin production by paecilomyces lilacinus isolates and their biological activities. | 2004 | 15214724 |
| integrated application of some compatible biocontrol agents along with mustard oil seed cake and furadan on meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants. | experiments were carried out to study the effect of two fungal bioagents along with mustard oil cake and furadan against root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato under greenhouse condition. bioagents viz., paecilomyces lilacinus and trichoderma viride alone or in combination with mustard cake and furadan promoted plant growth, reduced number of galls/plant, egg masses/root system and eggs/egg mass. the fungal bioagents along with mustard cake and nematicide showed least nematode ... | 2006 | 17048300 |