| evaluation of anthelmintic activity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against the gastrointestinal nematode, haemonchus contortus. | the present study focuses on the in vitro anthelmintic activity of silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesized using the aqueous extract of azadirachta indica against haemonchus contortus. the synthesized agnps were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and x-ray diffraction (xrd) studies. the uv-vis spectrum exhibited a sharp peak at 420 nm, which was validated by electron microscopy, indicating t ... | 2016 | 27374616 |
| transmembrane protein 147 (tmem147): another partner protein of haemonchus contortus galectin on the goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). | recombinant galectins of male and female haemonchus contortus (rhco-gal-m/f) have been recognized as significant regulators of the functions of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). in previous research, transmembrane protein 63a (tmem63a) was identified as a partner protein in the regulation associated with h. contortus infection. however, in the identification of binding partners for galectins of male and female h. contortus (hco-gal-m/f) by yeast two-hybrid (yth) screening, it was f ... | 2016 | 27337943 |
| microsatellite marker analysis of haemonchus contortus populations from pakistan suggests that frequent benzimidazole drug treatment does not result in a reduction of overall genetic diversity. | the impact of drug selection pressure on the overall genetic diversity of parasitic nematode populations in the field is poorly understood. in this study, we address this issue for the small ruminant parasite haemonchus contortus in the punjab, pakistan. this region provides an opportunity to compare h. contortus populations that have been subjected to a prolonged period of frequent benzimidazole drug treatments on government farms with parasite populations that have been exposed to little or no ... | 2016 | 27316714 |
| selenophene and thiophene-core estrogen receptor ligands that inhibit motility and development of parasitic stages of haemonchus contortus. | parasitic worms represent a substantial disease burden in animals and humans worldwide. the control of parasitic roundworms (nematodes) relies heavily on the use of anthelmintic drugs. however, widespread drug resistance in nematodes seriously compromises the effectiveness of many anthelmintics around the world. thus, there is a need to discover new drugs, with unique modes of action, against parasites. | 2016 | 27306029 |
| benzimidazole resistance in haemonchus contortus recovered from farmed red deer. | thirty haemonchus contortus male worms were collected from farmed red deer yearlings in order to determine whether routine administration of albendazole for a long-term period (17 years) could select anthelmintic resistance. pcr-rflp method based on single-nucleotide polymorphism of codon 200 in isotype 1 ß-tubulin gene (phe200tyr) was applied. the results showed a significant frequency of either the resistant allele (85 %) or the homozygous resistant genotype (70 %). by chi-square test, hardy-w ... | 2016 | 27249966 |
| acquired tolerance to ivermectin and moxidectin after drug selection pressure in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. | ivermectin and moxidectin are the most widely administered anthelmintic macrocyclic lactones (mls) to treat human and animal nematode infections. their widespread and frequent use has led to a high level of resistance to these drugs. although they have the same mode of action, differences in terms of selection for drug resistance have been reported. our objective was to study and compare changes occurring upon ivermectin or moxidectin selection in the model nematode caenorhabditis elegans c. ele ... | 2016 | 27246778 |
| functional genomics tools for haemonchus contortus and lessons from other helminths. | the availability of genome and transcriptome data for parasitic nematodes, including haemonchus contortus, has highlighted the need to develop functional genomics tools. comparative genomic analysis, particularly using data from the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans, can help predict gene function. reliable approaches to study function directly in parasitic nematodes are currently lacking. however, gene knockdown by rna interference (rnai) is being successfully used in schistosome and ... | 2016 | 27238014 |
| haemonchus contortus: genome structure, organization and comparative genomics. | one of the first genome sequencing projects for a parasitic nematode was that for haemonchus contortus. the open access data from the wellcome trust sanger institute provided a valuable early resource for the research community, particularly for the identification of specific genes and genetic markers. later, a second sequencing project was initiated by the university of melbourne, and the two draft genome sequences for h. contortus were published back-to-back in 2013. there is a pressing need f ... | 2016 | 27238013 |
| understanding haemonchus contortus better through genomics and transcriptomics. | parasitic roundworms (nematodes) cause substantial mortality and morbidity in animals globally. the barber's pole worm, haemonchus contortus, is one of the most economically significant parasitic nematodes of small ruminants worldwide. although this and related nematodes can be controlled relatively well using anthelmintics, resistance against most drugs in common use has become a major problem. until recently, almost nothing was known about the molecular biology of h. contortus on a global scal ... | 2016 | 27238012 |
| gaining insights into the pharmacology of anthelmintics using haemonchus contortus as a model nematode. | progress made in understanding pharmacokinetic behaviour and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of drug action/resistance has allowed deep insights into the pharmacology of the main chemical classes, including some of the few recently discovered anthelmintics. the integration of pharmaco-parasitological research approaches has contributed considerably to the optimization of drug activity, which is relevant to preserve existing and novel active compounds for parasite control in livestock. a remarkable am ... | 2016 | 27238011 |
| haemonchus contortus: applications in drug discovery. | haemonchus contortus is an important pathogen of small ruminants and is therefore a crucially important target for anthelmintic chemotherapy. its large size and fecundity have been exploited for the development of in vitro screens for anthelmintic discovery that employ larval and adult stages in several formats. the ability of the parasite to develop to the young adult stage in mongolian jirds (meriones unguiculatus) provides a useful small animal model that can be used to screen compounds prior ... | 2016 | 27238010 |
| anthelmintic resistance in haemonchus contortus: history, mechanisms and diagnosis. | haemonchus contortus has shown a great ability to develop resistance to anthelmintic drugs. in many instances, resistance has appeared less than 10years after the introduction of a new drug class. field populations of this species now show resistance to all major anthelmintic drug classes, including benzimidazoles (bzs), imidazothiazoles and macrocyclic lactones. in addition, resistance to the recently introduced amino-acetonitrile derivative class (monepantel) has already been reported. the exi ... | 2016 | 27238009 |
| immunity to haemonchus contortus and vaccine development. | sheep are capable of developing protective immunity to haemonchus contortus through repeated exposure to this parasite, although this immune protection is the result of a complex interaction among age, gender, physiological status, pregnancy, lactation, nutrition and innate and adaptive immunity in the host animal. there are multiple effectors of the protective immune response, which differ depending on the developmental stage of the parasite being targeted, and our understanding of the effector ... | 2016 | 27238008 |
| interactions between nutrition and infections with haemonchus contortus and related gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. | interactions between host nutrition and feeding behaviour are central to understanding the pathophysiological consequences of infections of the digestive tract with parasitic nematodes. the manipulation of host nutrition provides useful options to control gastrointestinal nematodes as a component of an integrated strategy. focussed mainly on the haemonchus contortus infection model in small ruminants, this chapter (1) illustrates the relationship between quantitative (macro- and micro-nutrients) ... | 2016 | 27238007 |
| diagnosis, treatment and management of haemonchus contortus in small ruminants. | haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic, blood-feeding nematode of small ruminants, and a significant cause of mortalities worldwide. haemonchosis is a particularly significant threat in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions, where warm and moist conditions favour the free-living stages, but periodic outbreaks occur more widely during periods of transient environmental favourability. the clinical diagnosis of haemonchosis is based mostly on the detection of anaemia in association ... | 2016 | 27238006 |
| the identification of haemonchus species and diagnosis of haemonchosis. | diagnosis is often equated with identification or detection when discussing parasitic diseases. unfortunately, these are not necessarily mutually exclusive activities; diseases and infections are generally diagnosed and organisms are identified. diagnosis is commonly predicated upon some clinical signs; in an effort to determine the causative agent, identification of genera and species is subsequently performed. both identification and diagnosis play critical roles in managing an infection, and ... | 2016 | 27238005 |
| the pathophysiology, ecology and epidemiology of haemonchus contortus infection in small ruminants. | the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus occurs commonly in small ruminants, and it is an especially significant threat to the health and production of sheep and goats in tropical and warm temperate zones. the main signs of disease (haemonchosis) relate to its blood-feeding activity, leading to anaemia, weakness and frequently to deaths, unless treatment is provided. due to the high biotic potential, large burdens of h. contortus may develop rapidly when environmental conditions favour the fr ... | 2016 | 27238004 |
| the biochemistry of haemonchus contortus and other parasitic nematodes. | different life cycle stages of haemonchus contortus adapt to different ecosystems. this adaptation is accompanied by alterations in gene transcription and expression associated with the energy, amino acid, nitrogen, lipid and/or nucleic acid metabolism of the respective stages. for example, the aerobic metabolism of larvae depends on an efficient citric acid cycle, whereas the anaerobic metabolism of adults requires glycolysis, resulting in the production of volatile fatty acids, such as acetic ... | 2016 | 27238003 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of haemonchus contortus. | haemonchus contortus is one of the most successful and problematic livestock parasites worldwide. from its apparent evolutionary origins in sub-saharan africa, it is now found in small ruminants in almost all regions of the globe, and can infect a range of different domestic and wildlife artiodactyl hosts. it has a remarkably high propensity to develop resistance to anthelmintic drugs, making control increasingly difficult. the success of this parasite is, at least in part, due to its extremely ... | 2016 | 27238002 |
| evolution and biogeography of haemonchus contortus: linking faunal dynamics in space and time. | history is the foundation that informs about the nuances of faunal assembly that are essential in understanding the dynamic nature of the host-parasite interface. all of our knowledge begins and ends with evolution, ecology and biogeography, as these interacting facets determine the history of biodiverse systems. these components, relating to haemonchus, can inform about the complex history of geographical distribution, host association and the intricacies of host-parasite associations that are ... | 2016 | 27238001 |
| haemonchus contortus excretory and secretory proteins (hcesps) suppress functions of goat pbmcs in vitro. | excretory and secretory products (esps) of nematode contain various proteins which are capable of inducing the instigation or depression of the host immune response and are involved in the pathogenesis of the worms. in the present study, haemonchus contortus excretory and secretory products (hcesps) were collected from the adult worms. binding of hcesps to goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) was confirmed by immune-fluorescence assay. effects of the hcesps on cytokine production, cel ... | 2016 | 27229536 |
| evidence from two independent backcross experiments supports genetic linkage of microsatellite hcms8a20, but not other candidate loci, to a major ivermectin resistance locus in haemonchus contortus. | haemonchus contortus is the leading parasitic nematode species used to study anthelmintic drug resistance. a variety of candidate loci have been implicated as being associated with ivermectin resistance in this parasite but definitive evidence of their importance is still lacking. we have previously performed two independent serial backcross experiments to introgress ivermectin resistance loci from two h. contortus ivermectin-resistant strains - mhco4(wrs) and mhco10(cavr) - into the genetic bac ... | 2016 | 27216082 |
| potential role for mucosal iga in modulating haemonchus contortus adult worm infection in sheep. | haemonchus contortus (h. contortus) is a haematophagous parasite which causes important economic losses in small ruminants. on the island of gran canaria, two sheep breeds coexist which differ in their susceptibility to the infection with h. contortus; the resistant canaria hair breed (chb) sheep and the susceptible canaria sheep (cs) breed. the major target of resistance mechanisms in chb sheep are directed to the adult parasite stage, reducing the worm burden, and decreased length and fecundit ... | 2016 | 27198794 |
| in vitro and in vivo action of piptadenia viridiflora (kunth) benth against haemonchus contortus in sheep. | anthelminthic resistant populations of haemonchus contortus are a major problem in sheep rearing, but plant extracts may offer viable alternative treatments. in our preliminary studies, piptadenia viridiflora was frequently selected by sheep grazing in the cerrado. the present research evaluated its in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity. the hplc chromatograms of p. viridiflora aqueous extract (ae) and ethanolic extract (ee) showed the presence of flavonoids. the total condensed tannin (pro ... | 2016 | 27198776 |
| knockdown of phosphoethanolamine transmethylation enzymes decreases viability of haemonchus contortus. | the phosphobase methylation pathway, in which phosphoethanolamine n-methyltransferases (pmts) successively catalyze the methylation of phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine, is essential in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. two pmt-encoding genes (hcpmt1 and hcpmt2) cloned from haemonchus contortus have been shown, by in vitro assays, to possess enzymatic characteristics similar to those of c. elegans pmts, but their physiological significance in h. contortus is yet to be elucidat ... | 2016 | 27198768 |
| possible mechanisms of host resistance to haemonchus contortus infection in sheep breeds native to the canary islands. | haemonchus contortus appears to be the most economically important helminth parasite for small ruminant production in many regions of the world. the two sheep breeds native to the canary islands display distinctly different resistant phenotypes under both natural and experimental infections. canaria hair breed (chb) tends to have significantly lower worm burden and delayed and reduced egg production than the susceptible canaria sheep (cs). to understand molecular mechanisms underlying host resis ... | 2016 | 27197554 |
| analysis of putative resistance gene loci in uk field populations of haemonchus contortus after 6years of macrocyclic lactone use. | sheep farmers in the uk rely on strategic anthelmintic use to treat and control gastrointestinal roundworms in their flocks. however, resistance to these drugs is now widespread and threatens the sustainability of sheep production. the mechanisms underlying resistance to the most commonly used class, the macrocyclic lactones, are not known and sensitive diagnostic tools based on molecular markers are not currently available. this prohibits accurate surveillance of resistance or assessment of str ... | 2016 | 27179994 |
| effects of in vitro exposure to ivermectin and levamisole on the expression patterns of abc transporters in haemonchus contortus larvae. | this study investigated the interaction of atp binding cassette (abc) transport proteins with ivermectin (ivm) and levamisole (lev) in larvae of susceptible and resistant isolates of haemonchus contortus in vitro by measuring transcription patterns following exposure to these anthelmintics. furthermore, we studied the consequences of drug exposure by measuring the sensitivity of l3 to subsequent exposure to higher drug concentrations using larval migration assays. the most highly transcribed tra ... | 2016 | 27164439 |
| potential anthelmintic activity of pelargonium endlicherianum fenzl. | the decoction prepared from the roots of pelargonium endlicherianum fenzl. has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasitism in small ruminants in turkish folk medicine. | 2016 | 27130640 |
| excretory/secretory products of adult haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta which increase the permeability of caco-2 cell monolayers are neutralised by antibodies from immune hosts. | the onset of abomasal pathophysiology due to parasitism coincides with the presence of adult worms in the lumen, implicating worm excretory/secretory (es) products acting on the surface mucosa. caco-2 cell monolayers were grown to confluence on transwell plates and exposed on the apical side to es products of adult haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta. es products of both species significantly (p<0.001) reduced transepithelial electrical resistance after 2h to 81.1±1.0% and 82.9±1. ... | 2016 | 27084480 |
| correlation of polyphenolic content with radical-scavenging capacity and anthelmintic effects of rubus ulmifolius (rosaceae) against haemonchus contortus. | phenolic content, antioxidant and anthelmintic activities of herbal extracts are of particular interest to drug industry; plant extracts with significant anthelmintic activity have the potential to be used as alternatives to conventional chemical drugs. in the present study, rubus ulmifolius fruit extracts obtained using solvents of increasing polarity (water, methanol, chloroform and hexane) were examined for their antioxidant and anthelmintic activities in correlation with their polyphenolic c ... | 2016 | 27084470 |
| effect of anthelmintic treatment strategy on strongylid nematode species composition in grazing lambs in scotland. | refugia based anthelmintic protocols aim to reduce the rate of development of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (gin). previous studies have illustrated the impact of different drenching regimes on drug efficacy and animal growth; however, the impact on nematode populations has yet to be characterised within natural infections. this study investigated the changes in species composition of gin throughout the grazing season, following implementation of four different ivermectin ... | 2016 | 27067011 |
| effect of condensed tannins supplementation through leaf meal mixture on voluntary feed intake, immune response and worm burden in haemonchus contortus infected sheep. | the study was carried out to assess the effect of condensed tannins (ct) supplementation through leaf meal mixture (lmm) on feed intake, humoral [immunoglobulin g (igg)], cell mediated immune response (cmi) and faecal egg counts in haemonchus contortus infected sheep. eighteen sheep were randomly divided into three groups (negative control-nc, infected control-c and infected treatment-t) of six animals in each group in a completely randomized block design for a period of 90 days. twelve h. conto ... | 2016 | 27065606 |
| early il-4 gene expression in abomasum is associated with resistance to haemonchus contortus in hair and wool sheep breeds. | early immune events associated with reduced larval burden remain unclear in parasite-resistant breeds of sheep. therefore, our objective was to determine breed differences in immune-related gene expression following infection with h. contortus. gene expression in abomasal tissue and mucosa and in abomasal lymph nodes (aln) was measured in 24 st. croix (hair) lambs and 24 dorset x (finn-rambouillet) (wool) lambs at 0 (uninfected), 3, 5 and 7 days after infection with 10 000 l3 h. contortus larvae ... | 2016 | 27059919 |
| in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of inhibitors of phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases in haemonchus contortus. | the essential phosphobase methylation pathway for synthesis of phosphocholine is unique to nematodes, protozoa and plants, and thus an attractive antiparasitic molecular target. herein, we screened compounds from the national cancer institute (developmental therapeutics program open chemical repository) for specific inhibitory activity against haemonchus contortus phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases (hcpmt1 and hcpmt2), and tested candidate compounds for anthelmintic activity against adult an ... | 2016 | 27054063 |
| effect of tanniferous leaf meal based multi-nutrient blocks on feed intake, hematological profile, immune response, and body weight changes in haemonchus contortus infected goats. | the aim was to assess the effect of multi nutrient block (mnb) supplementation with and without tanniferous leaf meal mixture on feed intake, hematological profile, immune response, and body weight changes of goats that were experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus. | 2015 | 27047137 |
| explaining premunition with kin selection using haemonchus contortus. | premunition is the state in a disease where an existing infection protects the host from reinfection with the same species. the cause of premunition is not clearly understood. in this study, we hypothesized that kin-selection might be a contributing factor in premunition. to test this theory, sheep were infected either once with a linguiform or smooth vulval morphotype of haemonchos contortus, twice with the same morphotype or twice with different morphotypes. all infections resulted in a simila ... | 2016 | 27045365 |
| anthelmintic activity of selected ethno-medicinal plant extracts on parasitic stages of haemonchus contortus. | parasitic roundworms (nematodes) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in livestock animals globally, and considerable productivity losses to farmers. the control of these nematodes has relied largely on the use of a limited number of anthelmintics. however, resistance to many of these these anthelmintics is now widespread, and, therefore, there is a need to find new drugs to ensure sustained and effective treatment and control into the future. | 2016 | 27036205 |
| effectiveness of ivermectin and albendazole against haemonchus contortus in sheep in west java, indonesia. | administering a half dose of an anthelmintic is a simple method for detecting resistance in parasites infesting small ruminants. when a single anthelmintic fails in native sheep from indonesia, a combination of anthelmintics from different chemical classes with different modes of action are administered as an alternative parasite-control strategy. this study compared the anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin (ivm) and albendazole (abz) given either separately as a single dose or half dose or co-ad ... | 2016 | 27019686 |
| albendazole in environment: faecal concentrations in lambs and impact on lower development stages of helminths and seed germination. | albendazole (abz), widely used benzimidazole anthelmintic, administered to animals enters via excrements into environment and may impact non-target organisms. moreover, exposure of lower development stages of helminths to anthelmintics may also encourage the development of drug-resistant strains of helminths. in present project, the kinetics of abz (10 mg kg(-1) p.o.) and its metabolite (abz.so, abzso2) elimination in faeces from treated texel lambs were studied using uhplc/ms/ms with the aim to ... | 2016 | 26996913 |
| the 'toolbox' of strategies for managing haemonchus contortus in goats: what's in and what's out. | a dynamic and innovative approach to managing the blood-consuming nematode haemonchus contortus in goats is critical to crack dependence on veterinary anthelmintics. h. contortus management strategies have been the subject of intense research for decades, and must be selected to create a tailored, individualized program for goat farms. through the selection and combination of strategies from the toolbox, an effective management program for h. contortus can be designed according to the unique con ... | 2016 | 26995728 |
| phenotypic assessment of the ovicidal activity of monepantel and monepantel sulfone on gastro-intestinal nematode eggs. | the in vitro ovicidal activity of the amino acetonitrile derivative, monepantel (mptl) and its active metabolite monepantel sulfone (mptl-so2) were assessed against a number of commercially important nematode species of ruminants, namely teladorsagia circumcincta, haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus axei. an egg hatch test (eht) was used to make the assessment of both drug sensitive and drug resistant isolates. both mptl and mptl-so2 showed moderate ovicidal activity in vitro against all o ... | 2016 | 26995727 |
| larval development assays reveal the presence of sub-populations showing high- and low-level resistance in a monepantel (zolvix®)-resistant isolate of haemonchus contortus. | resistance to the amino-acetonitrile derivative monepantel has been reported in several species of gastrointestinal nematodes over recent years. we were interested in the use of in vitro assays with free-living worm life-stages to detect resistance to this drug. we therefore used larval development and larval migration assays to examine dose response relationships for the drug against two susceptible and one resistant isolate of haemonchus contortus. the resistant isolate was established by labo ... | 2016 | 26995725 |
| pathology of haemonchus contortus in new world camelids in the southeastern united states: a retrospective review. | most small ruminant farms in tropical climates are plagued by haemonchus contortus, a hematophagous, abomasal parasite. heavy burdens of this parasite can cause anemia, hypoproteinemia, weight loss, and mortality in susceptible animals. haemonchus contortus is becoming a major health concern in new world camelids as well, namely llamas (llama glama) and alpacas (vicugna pacos), yet little research has been conducted regarding its prevalence or pathology in these species. herein, we present a ret ... | 2016 | 26965230 |
| evaluation of recombinant multi-epitope proteins for diagnosis of goat schistosomiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | schistosomiasis is a huge threat to human and animal health. apart from bovines, goats play an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis in some endemic areas of china. an accessible, quality-assured goat schistosomiasis diagnostic technique is needed. recently, our laboratory identified two recombinant diagnostic antigens, sjpgm and sjrad23 via an immuno-proteomic method. the application of these two recombinant antigens to develop a higher sensitivity and specificity technique for ... | 2016 | 26955957 |
| in vitro assessment of the anthelmintic activity of hedysarum carnosum desf. at different phenological stages and from six locations in tunisia. | gastrointestinal nematodes are compromising productivity of grazing sheep and goats. therefore, scientists have been looking for cost-effective alternative options. forage legumes (fabacea family) contain tannins that could improve livestock performance and their health as well. the present study aimed to (i) determine the in vitro anthelmintic (ah) activity of 19 acetonic extracts of hedysarum carnosum desf on haemonchus contortus by a larval exsheathment assay (lea); (ii) test the anthelmintic ... | 2016 | 26935783 |
| famacha(©) scores history of sheep characterized as resistant/resilient or susceptible to h. contortus in artificial infection challenge. | with the aim of validating the famacha(©) as a method for phenotypic selection of sheep resistant/resilient to gastrointestinal nematodes, 27 suffolk ewes with known famacha(©) score histories were experimentally infected with 25,000 larvae of haemonchus contortus. from the day of infection (day 0) to 60 days post-infection, at intervals of 7-15 days, ewes were evaluated for packed cell volume (pcv) and fecal egg counts (fec). a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in fec occurred between ... | 2016 | 26872936 |
| impact of the post-weaning nutritional history on the response to an experimental haemonchus contortus infection in creole goats and black belly sheep. | in small ruminants, the response against gastrointestinal nematode (gin) infections is influenced not only by the host genotype and the physiological stage but also by environmental factors, particularly the nutritional status at the time of infection. in this study we evaluated the long-term effect and the interaction between the host species and the nutritional history on the response to gin infection in two animal models differing in their phenotypic growth and their level of gin resistance: ... | 2016 | 26872933 |
| comparative efficacy and toxic effects of carvacryl acetate and carvacrol on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes and mice. | carvacrol is a compound isolated from some essential oils. it has been reported to possess anthelmintic activity. acetylation of this monoterpene has been proposed as a potential way to reduce the toxicity and enhance the pharmacological effects of carvacrol. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of carvacryl acetate (ca) using in vitro and in vivo assays with gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants. the egg hatching test (eht), larval development test (ldt) and adult worm motility (awm) ... | 2016 | 26872928 |
| first report of multiple anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep in colombia. | this study aimed to report the presence of parasites resistant to the most used anthelmintic drugs in sheep in colombia. four farms (denominated farm 1, 2, 3 and 4) were selected where the animals were not treated with anthelmintics for two months before the trial. animals with faecal egg count (fec) above 150 and of different ages were allocated into six groups, each consisting of at least 5 animals. the drugs and dosages used were: ivermectin 1% (0.2 mg/kg), albendazole 25% (5 mg/kg), fenbenda ... | 2016 | 26871489 |
| the effect of helminth infection on the microbial composition and structure of the caprine abomasal microbiome. | haemonchus contortus is arguably the most injurious helminth parasite for small ruminants. we characterized the impact of h. contortus infection on the caprine abomasal microbiome. fourteen parasite naive goats were inoculated with 5,000 h. contortus infective larvae and followed for 50 days. six age-matched naïve goats served as uninfected controls. reduced bodyweight gain and a significant increase in the abosamal ph was observed in infected goats compared to uninfected controls. infection als ... | 2016 | 26853110 |
| molecular characterization of the haemonchus contortus phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 gene (hc-pdk-1). | phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (pdk-1), which functions downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (age-1) and activates protein kinases of the agc family, plays critical roles in regulating biology processes, such as metabolism, growth, development and survival. in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans, pdk-1 is a key component of the insulin-like signalling pathway, regulating the entry into and exit from dauer (arrested development). although it is proposed that similar mo ... | 2016 | 26842781 |
| reconstruction of the insulin-like signalling pathway of haemonchus contortus. | in the present study, we reconstructed the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling (iis) pathway for haemonchus contortus, which is one of the most important eukaryotic pathogens of livestock worldwide and is related to the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. | 2016 | 26842675 |
| in vitro susceptibility of ten haemonchus contortus isolates from different geographical origins towards acetone:water extracts of two tannin rich plants. | the aim of the study was to examine the variation in the in vitro susceptibility of ten haemonchus contortus isolates from different geographical origins using respective egg hatch assays (eha) with acetone:water extracts of two tannin containing plants, chimay (acacia pennatula) and sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia). fresh eggs were incubated in pbs with different concentrations of each extract (0, 600, 1200, 2400, 3600, 5000 and 8000 μg/ml pbs). additional concentrations were tested for o. vici ... | 2016 | 26827861 |
| experimental infection of calves with haemonchus placei and haemonchus contortus: assessment of parasitological parameters. | the present study evaluated the viability and possible effects of haemonchus contortus infections in experimentally prime infected calves, comparing them to infections by haemonchus placei. ten male holstein newborns were used. all calves were individually weighed for subsequent group formation, in which two animals were kept as a control group, inoculated with water (gi); four animals were inoculated with 10,000 third stage (l3) haemonchus contortus larvae (gii); and the remaining four calves w ... | 2016 | 26827856 |
| characterisation of p-glycoprotein-9.1 in haemonchus contortus. | the existence nematodes of veterinary importance such as haemonchus contortus resistant to anthelmintic drugs, including the macrocyclic lactones, has become a major concern in animal health. macrocyclic lactone resistance in h. contortus seems to be multigenic including the active efflux of these drugs by p-glycoproteins, members of the abc transporter family, present in this parasite. the goals of the present work were to determine the activity of h. contortus p-glycoprotein 9.1 (hco-pgp-9.1) ... | 2016 | 26822677 |
| in vitro and in vivo nematocidal activity of allium sativum and tagetes erecta extracts against haemonchus contortus. | in the mexican ethno-medicine, a number of plants have shown a successful anthelmintic activity. this fact could be crucial to identify possible green anti-parasitic strategies against nematodes affecting animal production. this research evaluated the in vitro and in vivo nematocidal effects of two single and combined plant extracts: bulbs of allium sativum (n-hexane) and flowers of tagetes erecta (acetone). the in vivo assay evaluated the administration of extracts either individually or combin ... | 2015 | 26809911 |
| chemical structures of plant hydrolyzable tannins reveal their in vitro activity against egg hatching and motility of haemonchus contortus nematodes. | the use of synthetic drugs against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants has led to a situation where resistance to anthelmintics is widespread, and there is an urgent need for alternative solutions for parasite control. one promising approach is to use polyphenol-rich bioactive plants in animal feeds as natural anthelmintics. in the present work, the in vitro activity of a series of 33 hydrolyzable tannins (hts) and their hydrolysis product, gallic acid, against egg hatching and motility of l ... | 2016 | 26807485 |
| identification of differentially expressed proteins between free-living and activated third-stage larvae of haemonchus contortus. | the disease caused by haemonchus contortus, a blood-feeding nematode of small ruminants, is of major economic importance worldwide. the infective third-stage larva (l3) of this nematode is enclosed in a second cuticle. once the l3 is ingested by the host, the outer cuticle undergoes an exsheathment process that marks the transition from the free-living stage to the parasitic stage. this study explored the changes in protein expression relative to this transition. proteins extracted from free liv ... | 2016 | 26790740 |
| examination of commercially available copper oxide wire particles in combination with albendazole for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs. | control of gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) remains a critical issue due to the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance. the objective of the experiment was to determine the efficacy of copper oxide wire particles (cowp) from three commercial sources and a combination of cowp and albendazole to control gin and/or haemonchus contortus in lambs. naturally infected katahdin lambs in early june 2014 and 2015 were randomly assigned to receive no cowp (con; n=9 and 12) or 2g cowp in a gel capsule as cop ... | 2016 | 26790729 |
| [a comparative analysis of various antigenic proteins found in haemonchus contortus--a review]. | many innovative researches on the development and introduction of recombinant vaccines against many economically important parasites were carried out in the 20th century. research continues to hold promise with the development of immunological and molecular approaches for control of these parasites and in this regard it has already been seen that blood-sucking parasites such as haemonchus contortus and ostertagia ostertagi are susceptible to control by vaccines containing "novel" or "concealed" ... | 2015 | 26710767 |
| comparative response of the west african dwarf goats to experimental infections with red sokoto and west african dwarf goat isolates of haemonchus contortus. | response of the west african dwarf (wad) goats to two different isolates of haemonchus contortus, the red sokoto (rs) goat isolate (rshc) and the wad goat isolate (wadhc) (isolated from wad goats), was studied by experimental infections of 4-6-month-old male wad goat kids. group 1 and group 2 goats were each infected with 4500 infective larvae (l3) of rshc and wadhc, respectively. group 3 animals served as uninfected control. prepatent period (ppp), faecal egg counts (fec), worm burden (wb), bod ... | 2015 | 26697224 |
| anthelmintic activity of leucaena leucocephala protein extracts on haemonchus contortus. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of protein extracts obtained from the plant leucaena leucocephala on the nematode parasite haemonchus contortus. the seeds, shell and cotyledon of l. leucocephala were separated and their proteins extracted using a sodium phosphate buffer, and named as te (total seed extract), se (shell extract) and ce (cotyledon extract). soluble protein content, protease, protease inhibitory and chitinase activity assays were performed. exsheathment inhib ... | 2015 | 26689178 |
| protein profiling of haemonchus contortus found in sheep of kashmir valley. | economic losses due to helminth parasites in sheep throughout the world are considerable. haemonchus contortus is a blood sucking intestinal helminth that lives in the abomasum of small ruminants worldwide. this parasite can be devastating to producers as it causes decreased production levels due to clinical signs such as anaemia, edema and death. for isolation of the proteins of the parasite, a well defined methodology was adopted. the abomasae of sheep in which this parasite resides were colle ... | 2015 | 26688626 |
| in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of native plants against haemonchus contortus. | the current study aimed to investigate in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of two medicinally important plants against haemonchus contortus in small ruminants. fruit peel of punica granatum linn. (vern. anar), leaves and roots of berberis lycium royle (vern. sumbal) were tested for their anthelmintic efficacy. methanolic extracts of the test plants from various plant parts were tested for anthelmintic efficacy against the haemonchus contortous using albendazole as a reference standard. the results re ... | 2015 | 26665413 |
| characterization of haemonchus contortus p-glycoprotein-16 and its interaction with the macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics. | anthelmintic resistance in veterinary nematodes, including haemonchus contortus, has become a limitation to maintaining high standards of animal health. resistance in this parasite, to all drug families including the macrocyclic lactones (mls) is a serious issue worldwide. mechanisms of resistance to the mls appear to be complex and to include the elimination of these compounds by abc transporter-like proteins present in nematodes. in order to investigate the potential involvement of abc transpo ... | 2015 | 26657092 |
| early detection of haemonchus contortus infection in sheep using three different faecal occult blood tests. | haemonchus contortus is a blood-sucking parasite causing the presence of faecal occult blood (fob). the objective was to study three different fob tests in order to have a new indicator of h. contortus infection in sheep that could be included in the genetic evaluation system as an alternative selection criterion to faecal worm egg count (fec). a total of 29 corriedale lambs were experimentally infected with 10.000 larvae of h. contortus. stool samples were recorded for fec and fob tests (hexago ... | 2015 | 26623372 |
| target selected treatment with levamisole to control the development of anthelmintic resistance in a sheep flock. | levamisole phosphate, chosen based on its 100 % efficacy demonstrated by a previous fecal egg count reduction test (fecrt), was used as the exclusive anthelmintic treatment in the embrapa southeast livestock sheep flock from 2009 to 2014 in a target selected treatment scheme. in the present study, the effectiveness of this nematode control scheme was evaluated after 5 years by fecrt, larval development test (ldt), and a molecular test to assess the development of levamisole resistance in haemonc ... | 2016 | 26614360 |
| leucocyte-derived extracellular trap formation significantly contributes to haemonchus contortus larval entrapment. | polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) and eosinophil extracellular trap (ets) formation has recently been described as an important host effector mechanism against invading pathogens. so far, scarce evidence on metazoan-triggered et formation has been published. we here describe for the first time haemonchus contortus-triggered ets being released by bovine pmn and ovine eosinophils in response to ensheathed and exsheathed third stage larvae (l3). | 2015 | 26610335 |
| the complement of family m1 aminopeptidases of haemonchus contortus--biotechnological implications. | although substantial research has been focused on the 'hidden antigen' h11 of haemonchus contortus as a vaccine against haemonchosis in small ruminants, little is know about this and related aminopeptidases. in the present article, we reviewed genomic and transcriptomic data sets to define, for the first time, the complement of aminopeptidases (designated hc-ap-1 to hc-ap-13) of the family m1 with homologues in caenorhabditis elegans, characterised by zinc-binding (hexxh) and exo-peptidase (game ... | 2016 | 26597954 |
| effectiveness evaluation of levamisole, albendazole, ivermectin, and vernonia amygdalina in west african dwarf goats. | anthelmintic drug resistance has led to the search for alternatives in controlling helminth infections. fifty west african dwarf goats without history of anthelmintic treatment were divided equally into five groups. group a was treated with ivermectin injection subcutaneously, group b with levamisole subcutaneously, group c with albendazole orally, and group d with aqueous extract of vernonia amygdalina and group e was untreated control. faecal samples were collected before treatment from each a ... | 2015 | 26579232 |
| effect of selective anthelmintic treatments on health and production parameters in pelibuey ewes during lactation. | a study was conducted from december to april 2013, with the aim of evaluating a system of selective antiparasitic treatments using the famacha© color chart compared with a conventional suppressive deworming system every 30 days in pelibuey ewes during lactation. for the study, 54 ewes were used. they were randomly divided into two groups: famacha and chemical treatments. the ewes in the first group received selective treatment depending on the ocular mucosa coloration (famacha) and body conditio ... | 2016 | 26563269 |
| climate-driven changes to the spatio-temporal distribution of the parasitic nematode, haemonchus contortus, in sheep in europe. | recent climate change has resulted in changes to the phenology and distribution of invertebrates worldwide. where invertebrates are associated with disease, climate variability and changes in climate may also affect the spatio-temporal dynamics of disease. due to its significant impact on sheep production and welfare, the recent increase in diagnoses of ovine haemonchosis caused by the nematode haemonchus contortus in some temperate regions is particularly concerning. this study is the first to ... | 2016 | 26482823 |
| immunomodulatory effects of adult haemonchus contortus excretory/secretory products on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. | the levels of expression of surface molecules and release of cytokines and chemokines of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells were determined after their exposure to adult h. contortus excretory/secretory (es) products or a combination of es products and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). worm products provoked a weak response and only partial maturation of the dendritic cells, consistent with the hyporesponsiveness and more tolerogenic immune environment present in parasitized animals and hu ... | 2015 | 26457886 |
| galectins and collectinis expression are increased in haemonchus contortus-infected corriedale sheep. | galectins and collectins are proteins classified in the lectin family that have the ability to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens. studies on cattle have demonstrated high expression of these proteins during infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of haemonchus contortus infection would alter the expression of galectins (gal11 and gal14) and collectins (spa and cgn) in sheep. twelve corriedale sheep exposed to natu ... | 2015 | 26444062 |
| anthelmintic activity of cymbopogon citratus against haemonchus contortus. | parasitic nematodes are of major economic importance in livestock. an alternative for the control of parasites is phytotherapy. this study evaluated the efficacy of cymbopogon citratus decoction (ccd), c. citratus essential oil (cceo) and citral against haemonchus contortus using in vitro egg hatch test (eht) and larval development test (ldt) and an in vivo test using a meriones unguiculatus (gerbil) model. the effect of 800 mg/kg cceo was evaluated in gerbils that had been artificially infected ... | 2015 | 26444058 |
| oxidative stress by haemonchus contortus in lambs: influence of treatment with zinc edetate. | the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of zinc edetate on the oxidative stress of lambs infected by haemonchus contortus. twenty-four lambs were allocated into four groups: group i--uninfected animals; group ii--uninfected animals treated subcutaneously with zinc edetate; group iii--animals infected by h. contortus and group iv--animals infected and treated. the oxidative stress index (osi) and the eggs per gram of feces (epg) were assessed after 10, 17, 24, 31 and 38 days post-i ... | 2015 | 26412513 |
| proteolytic activity of extracellular products from arthrobotrys musiformis and their effect in vitro against haemonchus contortus infective larvae. | arthrobotrys musiformis is a nematophagous fungus with potential for the biological control of haemonchus contortus larvae. this study aimed to identify and demonstrate the proteolytic activity of extracellular products from a musiformis cultured in a liquid medium against h contortus infective larvae. a musiformis was cultured on a solid medium and further grown in a liquid medium, which was then processed through ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the proteolytic activity ... | 2015 | 26392902 |
| the effects of diet and corticosteroid-induced immune suppression during infection by haemonchus contortus in lambs. | to evaluate the effects of diet and corticosteroid-induced immune suppression during infection by haemonchus contortus, 28 lambs were allocated to one of four groups treated as follows: group basal diet - normal; group basal diet - immune-suppressed; group supplemented diet - normal; and group supplemented diet - immune-suppressed. the basal diet contained cynodon dactylon (cv. coast cross) hay with 82 g crude protein (cp)/kg dry matter (dm), which was provided to the lambs in all groups ad libi ... | 2015 | 26391820 |
| dried, ground banana plant leaves (musa spp.) for the control of haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis infections in sheep. | to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of musa spp. leaves, 12 animals were artificially infected with haemonchus contortus, and another 12 animals were infected with trichostrongylus colubriformis. then, both treatment groups were offered 400 g of dried ground banana plant leaves, and the control animals were offered only 1000 g of coast cross hay. during the trials, the animals received weekly physical examinations. the methods used to evaluate the efficiency of this treatment were packed cell vo ... | 2015 | 26350377 |
| the n-terminal segment of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of haemonchus contortus interacts with complements c1q and c3. | haemonchus contortus, an economically important blood-sucking parasite of sheep and goats, survives the harsh host gut environment by secreting a number of proteins referred as excretory/secretory (es) products. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), a glycolytic enzyme, is one of the components of h. contortus es products. the parasite enzyme binds to complement c3 and inhibits its activity. in this study, the c3-binding activity of the parasite gapdh was mapped to the n-terminal par ... | 2015 | 26332726 |
| reliable reference gene selection for quantitative real time pcr in haemonchus contortus. | the aim of this work was to identify reliable reference genes for expression studies in adult haemonchus contortus. eleven candidate genes were identified and the stability of their expression was assessed in adult males and females of two genetically divergent h. contortus isolates: drug-susceptible (ise) and multi-drug-resistant (wr). five genes with the most stable expression patterns were further assessed for suitability as reference genes in anthelmintic-treated h. contortus adults versus n ... | 2015 | 26255779 |
| macrocyclic lactones and their relationship to the snps related to benzimidazole resistance. | haemonchus contortus is an abomasal nematode of ruminants that is widely present across the world. its ability to cause death of infected animals and rapidly develop anthelmintic resistance makes it a dangerous pathogen. ivermectin (ivm) and moxidectin (mox) are macrocyclic lactones (mls). they have been successfully used to treat parasitic nematodes over the last three decades. a genetic association between ivm selection and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) on the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene ... | 2015 | 26253426 |
| influence of immunoprotection on genetic variability of cysteine proteinases from haemonchus contortus adult worms. | the limitations associated with the use of anthelmintic drugs in the control of gastrotintestinal nematodosis, such as the emergence of anthelmintic resistance, have stimulated the study of the immunological control of many parasites. in the case of haemonchus contortus, several vaccination trials using native and recombinant antigens have been conducted. a group of antigens with demonstrated immunoprotective value are cathepsin b - like proteolytic enzymes of the cysteine proteinase type. these ... | 2015 | 26241655 |
| the barber's pole worm cap protein superfamily--a basis for fundamental discovery and biotechnology advances. | parasitic worm proteins that belong to the cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5 and pathogenesis-related 1 (cap) superfamily are proposed to play key roles in the infection process and the modulation of immune responses in host animals. however, there is limited information on these proteins for most socio-economically important worms. here, we review the cap protein superfamily of haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm), a highly significant parasitic roundworm (order strongylida) of s ... | 2015 | 26239368 |
| in vitro effects of eucalyptus staigeriana nanoemulsion on haemonchus contortus and toxicity in rodents. | strategies for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes have been developed based on the use of numerous alternative methods, including the use of phytotherapy. new formulations of essential oils with anthelmintic activity have been proposed as a means to optimize their biological effects. thus, the objective of this study was to formulate a nanoemulsion to optimize the nematicide effect of eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil (eseo). initially, physico-chemical analyses were performed to verify t ... | 2015 | 26233731 |
| effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells on haemonchus contortus larval motility in vitro. | the objective of this experiment was to determine effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), derived from parasite-resistant st. croix (stc) and parasite-susceptible suffolk (sf) sheep, on motility of haemonchus contortus l3 stage larvae in vitro. peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 10 lambs of each breed, 5 naïve and 5 which had received a priming infection with h. contortus. larval motility was quantified using a mif nikon sweptfield microscope and nis elements ar ... | 2015 | 26223339 |
| galectin-11: a novel host mediator targeting specific stages of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite, haemonchus contortus. | galectin-11 is released from epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, specifically following infection with gastrointestinal parasites including the highly pathogenic nematode, haemonchus contortus. the function(s) of galectin-11 are currently unknown but seem to be associated with the development of immunity by the host. the aim of the present study was to examine the interaction of galectin-11 with the different parasitic life cycle stages of h. contortus and determine any effects on pa ... | 2015 | 26215057 |
| synergistic inhibition of haemonchus contortus exsheathment by flavonoid monomers and condensed tannins. | this study investigated the separate and combined anthelmintic (ah) effects of different phenolic compounds, including condensed tannins and flavonoids, all of which are known to occur in willow leaves, a potentially valuable dry season feed. a range of contrasting model tannins, which span the whole range of willow tannins, were isolated from tilia flowers, goat willow leaves, black currant leaves and red currant leaves. all together, the tested compounds represented the major tannin types (pro ... | 2015 | 26199861 |
| anthelmintic activity of artemisia vestita wall ex dc. and artemisia maritima l. against haemonchus contortus from sheep. | current study was designed to evaluate in vivo and in vitro anthelmintic activity of artemisia vestita wall ex dc. and artemisia maritima l. against haemonchus contortus in comparison with ivermectin to investigate the effect of plant extracts on survival of infective l3 and adults under in vitro condition. plant extracts were given to h. contortus infected sheep orally and it was infected with l3 stage of h. contortus at dose of 5000 larvae/sheep. total of 25-30 larvae were incubated with plant ... | 2015 | 26194429 |
| a perspective on genomic-guided anthelmintic discovery and repurposing using haemonchus contortus. | high-throughput molecular and computer technologies have become instrumental for systems biological explorations of parasites. investigating the genomes and transcriptomes of different developmental stages of parasitic nematodes can provide insights into gene expression, regulation and function in the parasite, which is a significant step toward understanding their biology as well as host interactions and disease. this article covers aspects of a talk given at the meegid xii conference in thaila ... | 2016 | 26144657 |
| genetic evidence for the spread of a benzimidazole resistance mutation across southern india from a single origin in the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. | it is important to understand how anthelmintic drug resistance mutations arise and spread in order to determine appropriate mitigation strategies. we hypothesised that a molecular genetic study of haemonchus contortus in southern india, a region where resistance may be less advanced than in western europe and north america, might provide some important insights into the origin and spread of anthelmintic resistance. the f200y (tac) isotype-1 β-tubulin benzimidazole resistance mutation is common i ... | 2015 | 26099649 |
| in vitro activity of essential oils of free and nanostructured melaleuca alternifolia and of terpinen-4-ol on eggs and larvae of haemonchus contortus. | haemonchus contortus is one of the major gastrointestinal nematodes responsible for significant economic and production losses of sheep. diseases caused by this species lack effective anthelmintic products, and the search for new compounds to replace synthetic anthelmintics has been extensive. the present investigation assesses the in vitro activity of the essential oil of melaleuca (melaleuca alternifolia), both free (tto) and nanostructured (nanotto), and terpinen-4-ol (terp-4-ol) on eggs and ... | 2016 | 26096177 |
| relative expression analysis of il-5 and il-6 genes in tropical sheep breed pelibuey infected with haemonchus contortus. | haemonchus contortus is a parasitic nematode of pelibuey sheep, a meat breed used in tropical regions. due to anthelmintic problems, the identification of hosts resistant to h. contortus is another option of control. the aim of this study was to analyse the relative expression of il-5 and il-6 genes in pelibuey sheep after h. contortus infection. nineteen lambs infected with h. contortus and three more lambs without infection were studied. the haemonchosis was determined by the number of eggs pe ... | 2015 | 26094646 |
| plants of the cerrado naturally selected by grazing sheep may have potential for inhibiting development of haemonchus contortus larva. | plant species naturally selected by sheep grazing in the cerrado region of brazil were assessed in vitro for activity against haemonchus contortus. one year of observations showed the plant families in the region exhibiting greatest richness to be fabaceae, rubiaceae, malpighiaceae, bignoniaceae, myrtaceae, and annonaceae. nine species commonly selected by grazing sheep showed variation in the selectivity index with respect to the dry and rainy seasons. coproculture was conducted in five replica ... | 2015 | 26085457 |
| in vitro anthelmintic activity of zanthoxylum simulans essential oil against haemonchus contortus. | the need for new anthelmintic agents with low impact on the environment is becoming urgent. phytotherapy is an alternative method to control gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. this study aims to determine the composition of zanthoxylum simulans essential oil (zseo) and evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal effects of zseo on haemonchus contortus using egg hatch assay, larval development assay (lda), and larval migration inhibition assay (lmia). the chemical composition of zse ... | 2015 | 26073109 |
| anthelmintic activities against haemonchus contortus or trichostrongylus colubriformis from small ruminants are influenced by structural features of condensed tannins. | plants containing condensed tannins (cts) may hold promise as alternatives to synthetic anthelmintic (ah) drugs for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes (gins). however, the structural features that contribute to the ah activities of cts remain elusive. this study probed the relationships between ct structures and their ah activities. eighteen plant resources were selected on the basis of their diverse ct structures. from each plant resource, two ct fractions were isolated and their in vitro a ... | 2015 | 26066999 |
| survey on anthelmintic resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in unorganized goat farms of tamil nadu. | one of the major problems in small ruminant farms is emergence of anthelmintic resistance (ar) to commonly used dewormers. this study investigated ar to gastrointestinal nematodes affecting goats in 27 unorganized farms in three different agro-climatic zones (cauvery delta zone, high altitude zone and high rainfall zone) of tamil nadu, india. two anthelmintics viz., albendazole (az) and levamisole (lev) were used in this study as per the dose recommended by the manufacturer. status of ar was det ... | 2015 | 26064012 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous extract of butea monosperma (lam.) kuntze against haemonchus contortus of sheep and goats. | infection with haemonchus contortus is one of the most important economic problems in small ruminants worldwide. resistance development by parasites, drug residues in meat, toxicity, non-availability and high cost limit the usefulness of currently used synthetic drugs. therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous extract of seeds of butea monosperma (lam.) kuntze against h. contortus. phytochemical analysis of extract showed high concentration ... | 2015 | 26064000 |
| the prevalence of parasitic infestation of small ruminant farms in perak, malaysia. | helminthiasis due to strongyles such as haemonchus contortus, coccidiosis caused by eimeria sp. and blood parasite diseases such as theileriosis by theileria sp. have been reported to cause severe morbidity and mortality annually in small ruminants in malaysia. the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of helminthiasis, coccidiosis and theileriosis and to determine the packed cell volume (pcv) value of small ruminants in perak, malaysia. blood and faecal samples were obtained fro ... | 2015 | 26019746 |