| predatory activity of butlerius nematodes and nematophagous fungi against haemonchus contortus infective larvae. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the predatory activity of the nematode butlerius spp. and fungal isolates of duddingtonia flagrans, clonostachys rosea, arthrobotrys musiformis and trichoderma esau against h. contortus infective larvae (l3) in grass pots. forty-eight plastic gardening pots containing 140 g of sterile soil were used. panicum spp. grass seeds (200 mg) were sown into each pot and individually watered with 10 ml of tap water. twelve days after seeding, the pots were randoml ... | 2017 | 28146155 |
| efficacy of clonostachys rosea and duddingtonia flagrans in reducing the haemonchus contortus infective larvae. | the biocontrol is proven effective in reducing in vitro and in situ free-living stages of major gastrointestinal helminths, allowing progress in reducing losses by parasitism, maximizing production, and productivity. this study aimed at evaluating the predatory activity of fungal isolates of duddingtonia flagrans and clonostachys rosea species and its association on infective larvae (l3) of h. contortus in microplots formed by grasses and maintained in a protected environment. all groups were ad ... | 2015 | 26504809 |
| fungal antagonism assessment of predatory species and producers metabolites and their effectiveness on haemonchus contortus infective larvae. | the objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness on haemonchus contortus infective larvae (l3). assay a assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the species duddingtonia flagrans, clonostachys rosea, trichoderma esau, and arthrobotrys musiformis; assay b evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% ... | 2015 | 26504791 |
| lack of efficacy of monepantel against trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep in brazil. | multiple drug resistance of nematodes against anthelmintics has become one of the most important economic problems in sheep production worldwide. the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of monepantel (2.5mg/kg) against gastrointestinal nematodes in fecal egg count reduction test (fecrt) and controlled efficacy test (ct) in naturally infected sheep. we used 30 sheep for the fecrt and 20 sheep for the ct, equally divided into control and treated groups. in the fecrt, the reduction ... | 2016 | 26801587 |
| gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep raised in botucatu, state of são paulo, brazil. | gastrointestinal nematode infections were evaluated in sheep raised in botucatu, state of são paulo, brazil between april 2008 and march 2011. every month, two tracer lambs grazing with a flock of sheep were exposed to natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes for 28 consecutive days. at the end of this period, the lambs were sacrificed for worm counts. haemonchus contortus presented 100% of prevalence. the seasons exerted no significant influence on the mean intensity of h. contortus, w ... | 2016 | 25271455 |
| pharmacokinetics and anthelmintic efficacy of topical eprinomectin in goats prevented from grooming. | pharmacokinetics and anthelmintic activity of topical eprinomectin in goats prevented from physical contact to others and self-grooming were studied. sixteen approximately 7 months old male castrated german white noble goats harbouring induced infections of gastrointestinal nematode parasites were included in the study. they were blocked based on pre-treatment body weight (range 22.4 to 36.4 kg) and then randomly allocated to the untreated control group or the group treated with topical 0.5% w/v ... | 2014 | 25106840 |
| in vivo anthelmintic activity of anogeissus leiocarpus guill & perr (combretaceae) against nematodes in naturally infected sheep. | the identification of new anthelmintic drugs becomes a priority because of the availability of a handful of drugs, cost of treatments, and recent emergence of drug resistance. medicinal plants are a good source of bioactive compounds for development of drugs. in this study, in vivo efficacy of anogeissus leiocarpus was assessed in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. fecal examination, serological analyses, and necropsy were carried out to determine the egg and worm-burden r ... | 2013 | 23657462 |
| development of a multiplex fluorescence immunological assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against cooperia oncophora, dictyocaulus viviparus and fasciola hepatica in cattle. | a major constraint for the effective control and management of helminth parasites is the lack of rapid, high-throughput, routine diagnostic tests to assess the health status of individual animals and herds and to identify the parasite species responsible for these helminthoses. the capability of a multiplex platform for the simultaneous detection of three pasture associated parasite species was evaluated and compared to existing elisas. | 2015 | 26084663 |
| development of a milk and serum elisa test for the detection of teladorsagia circumcincta antibodies in goats using experimentally and naturally infected animals. | teladorsagia circumcincta is among the most important gastrointestinal parasites in small ruminants and the predominant species in southern european goats. parasite control is largely based on metaphylactic/preventative treatments, which is often seen as non-sustainable anymore. the reasons are increased consumer demand to reduce chemicals in livestock production and anthelmintic resistance against the common drugs. this study aimed at the development of a t. circumcincta-enzyme-linked immunosor ... | 2014 | 25028211 |
| first report of anthelmintic resistance in haemonchus contortus in alpacas in australia. | parasitic nematodes can cause substantial clinical and subclinical problems in alpacas and anthelmintics are regularly used to control parasitic nematodes in alpacas. although anthelmintic resistance has been reported in ruminants worldwide, very little is known about anthelmintic resistance in alpacas. the present study was carried out to confirm a suspected case of anthelmintic resistance in haemonchus contortus in alpacas in australia. | 2013 | 23965333 |
| potential contribution of p-glycoproteins to macrocyclic lactone resistance in the cattle parasitic nematode cooperia oncophora. | resistance against macrocyclic lactones such as ivermectin is widespread among parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and is rapidly increasing in cattle parasites. abc transporters of the subfamily b, the so-called p-glycoproteins (pgps) have been frequently implicated in ivermectin resistance and are a major cause of multi-drug resistance in protozoa and helminths. the pgp inhibitor verapamil (vpl) dramatically enhanced susceptibility of the cattle parasitic nematode cooperia ... | 2013 | 23384738 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of sheep, municipality of lajes, rio grande do norte, brazil. | this study investigated the gastrointestinal parasitism by helminths and protozoa in sheep (ovis aries) santa inês breed, municipality of lajes, rio grande do norte. monthly, from april 2005 to august 2007, stool samples were collected from two tracer lambs in the first day of the experiment and performed a necropsy of these animals in 44th day. a total of 64 lambs were sampled, but only 62 lambs were slaughtered. the fecal samples were examined by sedimentation in water. the contents of the abo ... | 2012 | 22534950 |
| in vitro larvicidal effect of a hydroalcoholic extract from acacia cochliacantha leaf against ruminant parasitic nematodes. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro lethal effect of a hydroalcoholic extract (hae) from acacia cochliacantha leaf against three gastrointestinal nematodes species (haemonchus contortus, h. placei and cooperia punctata) of domestic ruminants. the hae was assessed using five concentrations: 100, 125, 175, 150 and 200 mg/ml; 0.5% ivermectin was used as a positive control and distilled water, as negative control. the data were normalized using the square root and analysed with a comp ... | 2017 | 28389861 |
| methods to determine resistance to anthelmintics when continuing larval development occurs. | the in vivo faecal egg count reduction test (fecrt) is the most commonly used test to detect anthelmintic resistance (ar) in gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) of ruminants in pasture based systems. however, there are several variations on the method, some more appropriate than others in specific circumstances. while in some cases labour and time can be saved by just collecting post-drench faecal worm egg counts (fec) of treatment groups with controls, or pre- and post-drench fec of a treatment gr ... | 2014 | 24314600 |
| seasonal distribution of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep in a semiarid region, northeastern brazil. | the objective of this study was to determine the seasonal distribution and gastrointestinal nematode parasite load in crossbred santa inês tracer lambs, and to correlate the rainfall during the study period with occurrences of parasitic infections. sixty-four male tracer lambs between the ages of four and eight months were used in the study. two tracer lambs were inserted into the herd every 28 days to determine the pattern of infective larvae available in the environment. variation in the fecal ... | 2013 | 24142165 |
| vaccination of lambs against haemonchus contortus infection with a somatic protein (hc23) from adult helminths. | a somatic protein from adult haemonchus contortus (hc23), the most abundant component in a low molecular weight fraction with known immunizing effect against experimental haemonchosis, has been purified by immunochromatography. the immunoprophylactic value of hc23 was tested in groups of 5-6 months old assaf lambs using al(oh)(3) or escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide+inactivated propionibacterium acnes as adjuvant and the results compared with uninfected control, uninfected and challenged or in ... | 2014 | 24759430 |
| transcriptome analysis of a parasitic clade v nematode: comparative analysis of potential molecular anthelmintic targets in cylicostephanus goldi. | clade v nematodes comprise several parasitic species that include the cyathostomins, primary helminth pathogens of horses. next generation transcriptome datasets are available for eight parasitic clade v nematodes, although no equine parasites are included in this group. here, we report next generation transcriptome sequencing analysis for the common cyathostomin species, cylicostephanus goldi. a cdna library was generated from rna extracted from 17 c. goldi male and female adult parasites. foll ... | 2013 | 23911309 |
| an analysis of seroprevalence and risk factors for parasitic infections of economic importance in small ruminants in greece. | a cross-sectional serological survey was carried out to screen the small ruminants of thessaly, greece, for infection with haemonchus contortus, lungworms (i.e. cystocaulus ocreatus, muellerius capillaris, protostrongylus rufescens and neostrongylus linearis) as a group, and for cysticercus tenuicolis, linguatula serrata and oestrus ovis. a second objective was to determine the risk factors related to herd characteristics, management practices, farmer status and bioclimatic variables associated ... | 2014 | 25155306 |
| organometallic derivatization of the nematocidal drug monepantel leads to promising antiparasitic drug candidates. | the discovery of novel drugs against animal parasites is in high demand due to drug-resistance problems encountered around the world. herein, the synthesis and characterization of 27 organic and organometallic derivatives of the recently launched nematocidal drug monepantel (zolvix(®) ) are described. the compounds were isolated as racemates and were characterized by (1) h, (13) c, and (19) f nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and ir spectroscopy, and their purity was verified by microanalysis ... | 2016 | 27706843 |
| abc-b transporter genes in dirofilaria immitis. | dirofilaria immitis is a filarial nematode causing infection and heartworm disease in dogs and other canids, cats, and occasionally in humans. prevention with macrocyclic lactones (ml) is recommended during the mosquito transmission season. recently, ml resistance has been reported. abc-b transporter genes are thought to be involved in the mechanism of ml resistance in other nematodes. this study aimed to identify all the abc-b transporter genes in d. immitis using as a reference the ndi.2.2 d. ... | 2016 | 27164440 |
| gastrointestinal parasitism of goats in hilly region of meghalaya, india. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (gi) parasitic infections in goats of hilly region of meghalaya. | 2017 | 28246451 |
| effects of host demography, season and rainfall on the prevalence and parasitic load of gastrointestinal parasites of free-living elephants (loxodonta africana) of the chad basin national park, nigeria. | the effects of host demography, rainfall and season on the prevalence and parasitic load of gastrointestinal parasites of african elephants (loxodonta africana) of the chad basin national park were determined for the first time. out of the 274 elephants examined, 36.86% were infected. of the 178 males examined, 35.96% harboured strongyloides, coccidia and strongyles with worm burdens of 75.6 +/- 0.3, 125.2 +/- 1.4 and 420.2 +/- 0.1, respectively. among the males, the larvae of strongyloides papi ... | 2013 | 24506015 |
| molecular basis for benzimidazole resistance from a novel β-tubulin binding site model. | benzimidazole-2-carbamate derivatives (bzcs) are the most commonly used antiparasitic drugs for the treatment of protozoan and helminthic infections. bzcs inhibit the microtubule polymerization mechanism through binding selectively to the β-tubulin subunit in which mutations have been identified that lead to drug resistance. currently, the lack of crystallographic structures of β-tubulin in parasites has limited the study of the binding site and the analysis of the resistance to bzcs. recently, ... | 2013 | 23995453 |
| molecular and biochemical characterisation and recognition by the immune host of the enolase of the abomasal nematode parasite teladorsagia circumcincta. | a 1299 bp full length cdna encoding teladorsagia circumcincta enolase (tecieno) was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli and the recombinant protein purified and its kinetic properties determined. helminth enolase sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. the predicted protein consisted of 433 amino acids and was present as a single band of about 50 kda on sds-page. multiple alignments of the protein sequence of tecieno with homologues from other helminths showed 98% similarity with ... | 2017 | 27939767 |
| recombinant haemonchus contortus 24 kda excretory/secretory protein (rhces-24) modulate the immune functions of goat pbmcs in vitro. | a 24 kda protein is one of the important components in haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm) excretory/secretory products (hcesps), which was shown to have important antigenic function. however, little is known about the immunomodulatory effects of this proteinon host cell. in the present study gene encoding 24kda excretory/secretory protein (hces-24) was cloned. the recombinant protein of hces-24 (rhces-24) was expressed in a histidine-tagged fusion protein soluble form in escherichia coli. b ... | 2016 | 27893414 |
| pathomorphological and microbiological studies in sheep with special emphasis on gastrointestinal tract disorders. | the present study was envisaged to elucidate the pathomorphological and microbiological aspects of gastrointestinal tract (git) disorders of sheep/lambs. | 2015 | 27047191 |
| vaccination of lambs with the recombinant protein rhc23 elicits significant protection against haemonchus contortus challenge. | gene encoding a somatic protein of haemonchus contortus (hc23) known to confer significant protection against experimental haemonchosis has been cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic system. a cdna library of h. contortus using the vector λ zap ii was obtained. full-length gene was amplified, cloned and expressed in escherichia coli bl21. the recombinant protein was purified in ni-nta column. recombinant protein (rhc23) had 203 aminoacids and a molecular mass of 24.15 kda. recombinant protein (1 ... | 2015 | 25997645 |
| molecular and biochemical characterisation of abomasal nematode parasites teladorsagia circumcincta and haemonchus contortus phosphofructokinases and their recognition by the immune host. | full length cdnas encoding phosphofructokinase (pfk) were cloned from teladorsagia circumcincta (tcpfk) and haemonchus contortus (hcpfk). tcpfk (2361 bp) and hcpfk (2367 bp) cdna encoded 787 and 789 amino acid proteins respectively. the predicted amino acid sequences showed 98% similarity with each other and 70% with a caenorhabditis elegans pfk. substrate binding sites were completely conserved in both proteins. soluble n-terminal his-tagged pfk proteins were expressed in escherichia coli strai ... | 2015 | 25662436 |
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus binds to complement c3 and inhibits its activity. | haemonchus contortus is an economically important gastrointestinal parasite that infects primarily sheep and goats. to survive inside the host, the parasite must overcome the host immune response. in this study, we have identified and characterized a complement-c3-binding protein (h.c-c3bp) from this parasite employing biochemical and molecular biology tools. initially, a truncated form of the protein was isolated from the excretory-secretory products of the parasite using c3-sepharose column th ... | 2013 | 23927077 |
| molecular and biochemical characterisation of arginine kinases in haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta. | full length cdna encoding arginine kinases (ak) were cloned from teladorsagia circumcincta (tcak) and haemonchus contortus (hcak). the tcak and hcak cdna (1080 bp) encoded 360 amino acid proteins. the predicted amino acid sequence showed 99% similarity with each other and 94% with a caenorhabditis elegans ak. soluble n-terminal his-tagged ak proteins were expressed in escherichia coli strain bl21, purified and characterised. all binding sites were completely conserved in both proteins. the recom ... | 2013 | 23583781 |
| molecular and biochemical characterisation of ornithine decarboxylases in the sheep abomasal nematode parasites teladorsagia circumcincta and haemonchus contortus. | full length cdna encoding ornithine decarboxylases (odc; ec 4.1.1.17) were cloned from the sheep abomasal nematode parasites teladorsagia circumcincta (tcodc) and haemonchus contortus (hcodc). the tcodc (1272 bp) and hcodc cdna (1266 bp) encoded 424 and 422 amino acid proteins respectively. the predicted tcodc amino acid sequence showed 87% identity with hcodc and 65% and 64% with caenorhabditis elegans and caenorhabditis briggsae odc respectively. all binding sites and active regions were compl ... | 2013 | 23499950 |
| silencing of essential genes by rna interference in haemonchus contortus. | in this study we assessed three technologies for silencing gene expression by rna interference (rnai) in the sheep parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. we chose as targets five genes that are essential in caenorhabditis elegans (mitr-1, pat-12, vha-19, glf-1 and noah-1), orthologues of which are present and expressed in h. contortus, plus four genes previously tested by rnai in h. contortus (ubiquitin, tubulin, paramyosin, tropomyosin). to introduce double-stranded rna (dsrna) into the nemat ... | 2012 | 22348596 |
| cross antigenicity of immunodominant polypeptides of somatic antigen of oesophagostomum columbianum with other helminths by western blotting. | oesophagostomum columbianum in small ruminants in india is found as mixed infection commonly in sheep and goat. haemonchus contortus, an abomasal nematode is found as concurrent infection with it. eggs of haemonchus and o. columbianum cannot be easily distinguished. diagnosis of o. columbianum may only be possible if a non-cross antigenic polypeptide was available for immunodiagnosis. | 2015 | 27047030 |
| mapping and modelling helminth infections in ruminants in europe: experience from gloworm. | mapping and modelling helminth infections in cattle and sheep in europe through advanced geospatial research was one of the main task of gloworm, a three year project (2012-2014) funded under the european commission's (ec) seventh framework programme (fp7). liver flukes as fasciola hepatica and gastrointestinal nematodes, such as haemonchus contortus were chosen for the project since these parasites constitute a major cause of lost productivity in small and large ruminants. the output of the glo ... | 2015 | 25826306 |
| evaluation of the role of galectins in parasite immunity. | galectin-11 and galectin-14 are ruminant galectins involved in parasitic infections. although their roles in parasite immunity are still being elucidated, its appears that their functions are parasite specific. in gastrointestinal infections with the nematode haemonchus contortus, both galectin-11 and galectin-14 appear to be protective. however, in a chronic infection of liver fluke, fasciola hepatica, these galectins may aid parasite survival. this chapter discusses the methods designed to stu ... | 2015 | 25253154 |
| epidemiological survey of helminths of goats in southern punjab, pakistan. | the main purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of helminths of goats such as fasciola hepatica, haemonchus contortus, paramphistomum cervi, oesophagostomum columbian, cotylophoron cotylophorum, monezia expansa, oestertagia oestertagi and oestertagia circumcincta. the overall prevalence of all species of helminthes was 52% in goat. the study was designed to investigate the factors of helminths prevalence on the basis of sex and age of goat with the help of chi-square. all the re ... | 2013 | 23665709 |
| livestock helminths in a changing climate: approaches and restrictions to meaningful predictions. | climate change is a driving force for livestock parasite risk. this is especially true for helminths including the nematodes haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta, nematodirus battus, and the trematode fasciola hepatica, since survival and development of free-living stages is chiefly affected by temperature and moisture. the paucity of long term predictions of helminth risk under climate change has driven us to explore optimal modelling approaches and identify current bottlenecks to ge ... | 2012 | 26486780 |
| can haemonchus placei-primary infected naïve lambs withstand haemonchus contortus infections? | an experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating whether a 5000 l3 larvae haemonchus placei primary infection, a less pathogenic parasite species for sheep, could attenuate highly pathogenic haemonchus contortus infections in lambs. thirty nine 6-month-old lambs were divided in three primary-infection groups: (hcpi) h. contortus-primary infected lambs, (hppi) h. placei-primary infected lambs, and (ctrl) non-infected control lambs. later, these same individuals, then aged 10-month old ... | 2017 | 28391070 |
| cytokine and antioxidant gene profiles from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pelibuey lambs after haemonchus contortus infection. | the expression profiles of cytokines and anti-oxidant genes were determined from an experimental infection with h. contortus in pelibuey lambs. the infection was followed for 34 days (d) to determine the number of eggs per gram (epg) and the packed cell volume (pcv). differential white cell counts and expression profile estimations of il2, il4, il5, il6, il8, il10, il13, fcεr1a, gpx and sod1 were determined at 0 h, 4 h, 2 d and 14 d post-infection (pi) in infected and control groups. comparison ... | 2017 | 28345265 |
| genotyping of benzimidazole resistant and susceptible isolates of haemonchus contortus from sheep by allele specific pcr. | extensive and indiscriminate use of the benzimidazole class of drugs has led to the onset of anthelmintic resistance. in tropical countries like india, haemonchus contortus is the most pathogenic parasite infecting sheep and goats. the widespread presence of resistant helminths (especially h. contortus) threatens the livestock farming. the use of various drugs has led to single nucleotide polymorphism that causes specific amino acid substitutions in β-tubulin protein of h. contortus to confer re ... | 2017 | 28316426 |
| anthelmintic activity of plant extracts from brazilian savanna. | helminth infections represent a serious problem for the production of small ruminants that is currently aggravated by resistance to anthelmintic products and has induced a search for control alternatives, such as natural products. in this study, extracts of turnera ulmifolia l. (leaves and roots), parkia platycephala benth. (leaves and seeds) and dimorphandra gardneriana tul. (leaves and bark), which have been cited in ethnoveterinary studies and selected naturally by goats in the cerrado (brazi ... | 2017 | 28288755 |
| the in vitro anthelmintic properties of browse plant species against haemonchus contortus is determined by the polyphenol content and composition. | the aims of the present study were to (a) evaluate the anthelmintic activity of 10 east african browse plant extracts, (b) examine their role in inhibition of haemonchus contortus larval exsheathment, (c) establish relationship between inhibition of larval exsheathment and browse plant extract polyphenol composition. acetone/water (70/30%) extracts of air dried leaves of acacia etbaica, cadaba farinosa, capparis tomentosa, dichrostachys cinerea, dodonaea angustifolia, euclea racemosa, maerua ang ... | 2017 | 28262394 |
| exploration of interaction zones of β-tubulin colchicine binding domain of helminths and binding mechanism of anthelmintics. | numerous studies postulated the possible modes of anthelmintic activity by targeting alternate or extended regions of colchicine binding domain of helminth β-tubulin. we present three interaction zones (zones vide -1 to -3) in the colchicine binding domain of haemonchus contortus (a helminth) β-tubulin homology model and developed zone-wise structure-based pharmacophore models coupled with molecular docking technique to unveil the binding hypotheses. the resulted ten structure-based hypotheses w ... | 2017 | 28259774 |
| exploring the microbial community (microflora) associated with ovine haemonchus contortus (macroflora) field strains. | high-throughput sequencing technology has shown tremendous promise for microbial community composition and diversity. illumina miseq platform was exploited to study the microbial community associated with the different stages of the life-cycle of ovine haemonchus contortus field strains using two distinct amplification primer sets (targeting v3-v4, and v5-v7). scanning electron microscope and polymerase chain reaction coupled with illumina miseq platform were employed to confirm the absence of a ... | 2017 | 28250429 |
| the effect of ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells on haemonchus contortus larval morbidity in vitro. | the objective of this study was to determine the effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc), derived from parasite-resistant st. croix (stc) hair sheep and parasite-susceptible suffolk (suf) sheep, on haemonchus contortus l3 stage larval death in vitro, with or without autologous serum. larval morbidity was quantified by measuring larval atp concentration following incubation with pbmc. larvae exposed to either stc- or suf-derived pbmc had lower atp than live larvae (0.12 μmol/l atp an ... | 2017 | 28239871 |
| modulation of haemonchus contortus infection by depletion of γδ(+) t cells in parasite resistant canaria hair breed sheep. | canaria hair breed (chb) sheep display resistance against the adult stage of the nematode, haemonchus contortus. previous studies have suggested significant correlations between γδ(+) t lymphocytes and fecundity of female adult worms, suggesting a novel role in immune modulation by these cells. the largest proportion of γδ(+) t lymphocytes in sheep are the subpopulation of γδ(+)/wc1(+) t cells. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of γδ(+)⁄wc1(+) t cell depletion via infusion of anti ... | 2017 | 28238472 |
| characterization and function analysis of a novel gene, hc-maoc-1, in the parasitic nematode haemonochus contortus. | enoyl-coa hydratase (maoc) is required for the biosynthesis of the fatty acid-derive side chains of the ascaroside via peroxisome β-oxidation in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. the derivative of dideoxy-sugar, ascarylose is used as dauer pheromones or daumones to induce development of the stress-resistant dauer larvae stage. | 2017 | 28166831 |
| control of haemonchus contortus in sheep using basidiocarps of agaricus blazei murril. | this study evaluated the effects in vitro and in vivo of agaricus blazei against haemonchus contortus in sheep. | 2017 | 28144765 |
| antigenic cross-reactivity among haemonchus contortus, oesophagostomum columbianum and trichuris ovis of goat. | cross antigenicity is the major problem in developing a reliable tool for immunodiagnosis and immunoprophylaxis of parasitic diseases. mixed infection due to different types of gastrointestinal parasites is more common than single species infection under field condition. | 2017 | 28127366 |
| development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the detection of haemonchus contortus in goat fecal samples. | haemonchus contortus is one of the most significant strongylid nematodes infecting small ruminants and causes great economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. accurate diagnosis of h. contortus is crucial to control the infection. traditional microscopic examinations are the most common methods for the diagnosis of h. contortus, but they are time-consuming and inaccurate. molecular methods based on pcr are more accurate, but need expensive machines usually only used in the laboratory. ... | 2017 | 28098507 |
| gastrointestinal nematode larvae in the grazing land of cattle in guwahati, assam. | to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode larvae (l3) in the grazing land of cattle in guwahati, kamrup district, assam. | 2016 | 28096603 |
| unique contributions of an arginine side chain to ligand recognition in a glutamate-gated chloride channel. | glutamate recognition by neurotransmitter receptors often relies on arg residues in the binding site, leading to the assumption that charge-charge interactions underlie ligand recognition. however, assessing the precise chemical contribution of arg side chains to protein function and pharmacology has proven to be exceedingly difficult in such large and complex proteins. using the in vivo nonsense suppression approach, we report the first successful incorporation of the isosteric, titratable arg ... | 2017 | 28096462 |
| genome-wide snp analysis using 2b-rad sequencing identifies the candidate genes putatively associated with resistance to ivermectin in haemonchus contortus. | the excessive and uncontrolled use of anthelmintics, e.g. ivermectin (ivm) for the treatment of livestock parasites has led to widespread resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes, such as haemonchus contortus. there is an urgent need for better management of drug-use in nematode control and development of novel anthelmintics. discovery and identification of anthelmintic resistance-associate molecules/markers can provide a basis for rational anthelmintics-use and development of novel drugs. recen ... | 2017 | 28095895 |
| resistance to gastrointestinal parasite infection in djallonké sheep. | gastrointestinal parasitism places serious constraints on small ruminant production. the situation has been exacerbated by development of drug resistance in many parasite populations, leading to interest in identification of animals with genetically mediated resistance or tolerance to nematode infections. this study assessed the response to natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) in djallonké sheep during the rainy season in the sudan-guinea savannah region of burkina faso. haemo ... | 2017 | 28091356 |
| pcr primers for straightforward differentiation of haemonchus contortus, haemonchus placei and their hybrids. | haemonchus contortus and haemonchus placei are among the major parasites of small ruminants and cattle. although infection with these nematodes is host-specific, with h. placei predominating in cattle and h. contortus in sheep, cross-infections are observed in areas where both parasites are sympatric, and hybrid offspring can occur. therefore, a fast and precise method is required for differentiating the parasites. identification based on spicule morphometry is the most common technique for diff ... | 2017 | 28069083 |
| serum-mediated haemonchus contortus larval aggregation differs by larval stage and is enhanced by complement. | the objectives of this study were to measure haemonchus contortus larval aggregation by complement/antibody complexes, determine effect of breed resistance and infection status and determine the effect of larval maturation on larval aggregation in vitro. larval binding assays were performed on h. contortus l3, exsheathed l3 and l4 incubated with serum from either parasite naïve or h. contortus primed st. croix (resistant) and suffolk (susceptible) lambs. no differences in l3 aggregation were obs ... | 2017 | 28063162 |
| genotypic and phenotypic evaluation for benzimidazole resistance or susceptibility in haemonchus contortus isolates. | haemonchus contortus isolates were evaluated for benzimidazole (bz) resistance or susceptibility by allele-specific pcr based on β-tubulin isotype 1 gene polymorphisms at the f167y, e198a, and f200y sites. two isolates, one presumed susceptible from wild pronghorn antelope (ph) and one known to be resistant from goats (vm), were also assayed phenotypically for bz resistance or susceptibility in the larval development assay (drenchrite®). the bz ec50 was 0.198 μm (intermediate between susceptible ... | 2017 | 28032300 |
| supplementation with copper edetate in control of haemonchus contortus of sheep, and its effect on cholinesterase's and superoxide dismutase activities. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper edetate on biochemical parameters, oxidative profile, cholinesterase's activities, as well as its capacity to control gastrointestinal parasites in infected sheep. thus, lacaune sheep (n = 18) infected by haemonchus contortus were used and divided into three groups of six animal each: the group a was composed of untreated animals (the control group), the group b was formed by animals treated with 0.3 mg/kg of copper edetate, and the grou ... | 2017 | 28007539 |
| in vitro and in vivo studies of the native isolates of nematophagous fungi from china against the larvae of trichostrongylides. | to screen potential nematophagous fungi candidates for the biological control of parasitic nematodes in livestock, in vitro and in vivo studies of the native isolates of nematophagous fungi against the larvae of trichostrongylides were conducted. the in vitro predatory activity of 16 native nematophagous fungal isolates on the larvae of trichostrongylides in sheep feces was assessed. in the ten isolates of duddingtonia flagrans, the reduction percentage for the infective larvae (l3) of trichostr ... | 2017 | 27995638 |
| gene silencing of dim-1, a member of the disorganized muscle family, in haemonchus contortus. | rna interference has been widely used in parasites. in haemonchus contortus, reproducible silencing has been reported; however, in this species an altered phenotype has been observed for only a few genes silenced by rna interference. the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of silencing dim-1, a member of the disorganized muscle family on third stage larvae (l3) of h. contortus. effective silencing of dim-1 in l3 led to reduced l3 migration and slowed larval development from l3 to early l ... | 2017 | 27984072 |
| piper aduncum against haemonchus contortus isolates: cross resistance and the research of natural bioactive compounds. | the anthelminthic activity of the essential oil (eo) of piper aduncum l. was tested in vitro on eggs and larvae of resistant (embrapa2010) and susceptible (mcmaster) isolates of haemonchus contortus. the eo was obtained by steam distillation and its components identified by chromatography. eo concentrations of 12.5 to 0.02 mg/ml were used in the egg hatch test (eht) and concentrations of 3.12 to 0.01 mg/ml in the larval development test (ldt). inhibition concentrations (ic) were determined by th ... | 2016 | 27925067 |
| climate influences assemblages of abomasal nematodes of sheep on steppe pastures in the east of algeria. | it is a common view that assemblages of parasitic nematodes are influenced by climatic conditions; however, there are only a few articles available regarding those that infect farm animals. we investigated the relationship between climate variables and infection with abomasal trichostrongyles in 335 1-year-old rams grazed on steppe pastures in eastern algeria. abomasa were collected from 12 local slaughterhouses located in four climatic areas (from humid to arid) and the worms extracted, identif ... | 2016 | 27905269 |
| polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based amplification of hmcp3 and hmcp6 cysteine protease genes of haemonchus contortus from small ruminants. | haemonchus contortus is a haematophagous nematode in small ruminants population and causes anaemia, weakness and mortality especially in young animals. in the present study, hmcp3 partial gene of 836 bp and hmcp6 full length gene of 1041 bp were amplified from the cdna of bareilly isolate of adult male h. contortus by polymerase chain reaction. further gene characterization and expression studies are warranted to know the immunoprophylactic potential of hmcp3 and hmcp6 proteins of h. contortus. | 2016 | 27876938 |
| consumption of nutritional pellets with duddingtonia flagrans fungal chlamydospores reduces infective nematode larvae of haemonchus contortus in faeces of saint croix lambs. | two groups of six haemonchus contortus infected saint croix lambs each received different diets for 11 weeks: control group, commercial food, molasses and lucerne hay; and treated group, nutritional pellets (nps) containing duddingtonia flagrans at 2 × 106 chlamydospores/kg body weight (bw), sorghum and lucerne hay. mean bw gain (bwg), body condition score (bcs) and packed cell volume (pcv) and also eggs/g of faeces (epg) and recovered l3 were compared using a repeated measures across time model ... | 2016 | 27866480 |
| population structure of haemonchus contortus from seven geographical regions in china, determined on the basis of microsatellite markers. | studying genetic variation within and among haemonchus contortus populations can inform some aspects of this parasite's population genetics and epidemiology. however, almost nothing is known about such variation in china. | 2016 | 27846862 |
| an elaborated sir model for haemonchosis in sheep in south africa under a targeted selective anthelmintic treatment regime. | infection with the abomasal nematode haemonchus contortus is responsible for considerable production loss in small ruminants globally, and especially in warm, summer-rainfall regions. previous attempts to predict infection levels have followed the traditional framework for macroparasite models, i.e. tracking parasite population sizes as a function of host and climatic factors. targeted treatment strategies, in which patho-physiological indices are used to identify the individuals most affected b ... | 2016 | 27836039 |
| single vs. double dose of copper oxide wire particles (cowp) for treatment of anthelmintic resistant haemonchus contortus in weanling lambs. | haemonchus contortus parasitism is a major disease of sheep, with these parasites frequently demonstrating multi-drug class anthelmintic resistance. copper oxide wire particles (cowp) have shown potential as adjuncts or alternatives to anthelmintics in resistant flocks. the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of two different cowp treatment regimens or placebo in the control of h. contortus in weaned lambs within a flock historically shown to have multi-drug resistant h. contortus ... | 2016 | 27809981 |
| perceptions and actions of dutch sheep farmers concerning worm infections. | gastrointestinal (gi) nematode infections are considered among one of the toughest challenges sheep farmers face worldwide. control still is largely based on the use of anthelmintics, but anthelmintic resistance is becoming rampant. to facilitate implementation of alternative nematode control strategies and to reduce anthelmintic usage, the purpose of this study was twofold: (i) to gain insight in common practices, knowledge gaps and perceptions of farmers regarding nematode control, and (ii) to ... | 2016 | 27809972 |
| vaccination of goats against haemonchus contortus with the gut membrane proteins h11/h-gal-gp. | forty goats, aged from 2 to 5 months were subjected to two different immunization protocols with a vaccine containing haemonchus contortus gut membrane proteins h11/h-gal-gp to evaluate protection against h. contortus on pre-contaminated pastures. goats were allocated to four groups of ten, three of them received their first vaccination before turnout. one group (v4) was then vaccinated at 4-week-intervals whereas another two groups (v6 and v6sep) were vaccinated at 6-week-intervals. a control g ... | 2016 | 27809971 |
| implications of between-isolate variation for climate change impact modelling of haemonchus contortus populations. | the impact of climate change on parasites and parasitic diseases is a growing concern and numerous empirical and mechanistic models have been developed to predict climate-driven spatial and temporal changes in the distribution of parasites and disease risk. variation in parasite phenotype and life-history traits between isolates could undermine the application of such models at broad spatial scales. seasonal variation in the transmission of the haematophagous gastrointestinal nematode haemonchus ... | 2016 | 27809970 |
| experimental infection of calves with haemonchus placei or haemonchus contortus: assessment of clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological characteristics of abomasums. | the present study had the primary objective of evaluating clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as observing anatomical and histopathological characteristics of abomasums, from calves prime-infected with haemonchus contortus or h. placei. ten male holstein newborns were subdivided in three groups (gi placebo; gii infected with h. contortus; giii inoculated with h. placei). eye mucosa staining was evaluated. hematological and biochemical tests were performed on animals. the ... | 2016 | 27693223 |
| melaleuca alternifolia anthelmintic activity in gerbils experimentally infected by haemonchus contortus. | gastrointestinal parasites are one of the biggest health problems faced in sheep, mainly due to their pathogenicity and resistance to drugs used to control these parasites. thus, the following study aimed to assess the anthelmintic efficacy of melaleuca alternifolia against haemonchus contortus in gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) experimentally infected. three treatments were tested: m. alternifolia essential oil, popularly known as tea tree oil (tto), a solid lipid nanocarrier made with essentia ... | 2016 | 27646626 |
| haemonchus contortus: the then and now, and where to from here? | haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm or "bpw") is the nematode "nemesis" of small ruminant production systems in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. its reputation derives from a combination of high fecundity and a short generational interval that provides an enviable developmental plasticity for adaptation or resistance to control measures. this review critically examines the historical and current literature on the host-parasite-environment interaction for h. contortus, particul ... | 2016 | 27620133 |
| two benzimidazole resistance-associated snps in the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene predominate in haemonchus contortus populations from eight regions in china. | haemonchus contortus is one of the most important parasitic nematodes of small ruminants around the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. the control of haemonchosis relies mainly on anthelmintics, but the excessive and prolonged use of anthelmintics is causing serious drug resistance issues in many countries. as benzimidazole (bz) anthelmintics have been broadly used in china, we hypothesized that resistance is widespread. given the link between three known single nucleotide ... | 2016 | 27760394 |
| metabolic profiling and in vitro assessment of anthelmintic fractions of picria fel-terrae lour. | anthelmintic resistance is widespread in gastrointestinal nematode populations, such that there is a consistent need to search for new anthelmintics. however, the cost of screening for new compounds is high and has a very low success rate. using the knowledge of traditional healers from borneo rainforests (sarawak, malaysia), we have previously shown that some traditional medicinal plants are a rich source of potential new anthelmintic drug candidates. in this study, picria fel-terrae lour. plan ... | 2016 | 27639945 |
| phylogenetic patterns of haemonchus contortus and related trichostrongylid nematodes isolated from egyptian sheep. | haemonchus contortus is a major parasite of small ruminants and its blood-feeding behaviour causes effects ranging from mild anaemia to death. knowledge of the genetic variation within and among h. contortus populations can provide the foundation for understanding transmission patterns and aid in the control of haemonchosis. adult male h. contortus were collected from three geographical regions in egypt. the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) of nuclear ribosomal dna was amplified using t ... | 2016 | 27762173 |
| recombinant protein of haemonchus contortus 14-3-3 isoform 2 (rhcftt-2) decreased the production of il-4 and suppressed the proliferation of goat pbmcs in vitro. | 14-3-3 proteins have been found to be an excreted/secreted antigen and assumed to be released into the host-parasite interface and described in several unicellular and multicellular parasites. however, little is known about the immunomodulatory effects of h. controtus 14-3-3 protein on host cell. in present study, 14-3-3 isoform 2 gene, designated as hcftt-2, was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) from the adult h. contortus cdna and cloned into expression plas ... | 2016 | 27751769 |
| assessment of the nematocidal activity of metallocenyl analogues of monepantel. | in this study, we present the design, synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of structurally new ferrocenyl and ruthenocenyl derivatives of the organic anthelmintic monepantel (zolvix(®)). all seven metallocenyl derivatives prepared (4a/b, 5a/b, 6a/b and 7) were isolated as racemates and characterized by (1)h, (13)c and (19)f nmr spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, ir spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis. the molecular structures of four compounds (4a/b, 6a and 7) were further ... | 2016 | 27748782 |
| thymus vulgaris l. essential oil and its main component thymol: anthelmintic effects against haemonchus contortus from sheep. | haemonchus contortus is an important gastrointestinal parasite on sheep farms in tropical regions. the resistance of the parasite against most anthelmintic drugs represents a great economic problem to sheep farming and is a major challenge that needs to be overcome. the searches for new anthelmintic agents that act on different stages of the parasite's life cycle are necessary for the development of new therapeutic options. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anthelmin ... | 2016 | 27692335 |
| first report of the in vitro nematicidal effects of camel milk. | antipathogenic properties of camel milk have been investigated to substitute for drugs hence overcome drug resistance. the main objective of this present study was to investigate the anthelmintic activity of camel milk in relationship to its chemical composition. in vitro anthelmintic effects of camel milk against haemonchus contortus from sheep were ascertained by egg hatching and worm motility inhibitions in comparison to milks from cow, ewe and goat as well as a reference drug albendazole. ch ... | 2016 | 27692318 |
| increased expression of atp binding cassette transporter genes following exposure of haemonchus contortus larvae to a high concentration of monepantel in vitro. | there is some evidence that atp binding cassette (abc) transporters play a role in resistance to anthelmintics, particularly against macrocyclic lactones. some anthelmintics, including ivermectin (ivm), have been shown to induce transcription of multiple abc transporters in nematodes; however, the effects of monepantel (mpl) on transcription of these transporter genes has not been studied. | 2016 | 27682865 |
| benzimidazole resistance in the ovine haemonchus contortus from southern poland - coproscopical and molecular findings. | anthelmintic resistance within nematodes has become a very common issue, however, the data about its occurrence in the gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in poland are very limited. this study was carried out in order to evaluate the presence of benzimidazole resistance in highly pathogenic haemonchus contortus by means of parasitological and molecular techniques. the research represents the first polish attempt to confirm the presence of a mutation at codon 200 of the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene ... | 2017 | 27614477 |
| effect of the infection with the nematode <i>haemonchus contortus</i> (strongylida: trichostrongylidae) on the haematological, biochemical, clinical and reproductive traits in rams. | this study aimed to investigate the effect of haemonchus contortus infection on rams' haematological, biochemical and clinical parameters and reproductive performances. a total number of 12 barbarine rams (control and infected) were included in the experiment. the infected group received 30 000 h. contortus third-stage larvae orally. each ram's ejaculate was immediately evaluated for volume, sperm cell concentration and mortality rate. at the end of the experiment (day 82 post-infection), which ... | 2016 | 27608504 |
| sex dependent alterations in the protein characterization patterns of haemonchus contortus. | the aim of the study was to highlight the sex dependent differences in the electrophoretic protein patterns of male and female haemonchus contortus worms sds based polyacrylamide gels of both male and female worms were run side by side for comparison. a total of 33 and 35 polypeptides were detected in polyacrylamide gels stained with coomassie brilliant blue r-250, respectively. besides many of the fundamental homologies in protein profile, some of the polypeptides specific to either sex were al ... | 2016 | 27605828 |
| anthelmintic activity of acetone extracts from south african plants used on egg hatching of <i>haemonchus contortus</i>. | the nematode, haemonchus contortus, is responsible for major economic losses in the livestock industry. the management of parasites such as h. contortus has been through the use of synthetic parasiticides. this has resulted in the presence of residues in meat and milk, which affects food safety. the development of resistance to available anthelmintics coupled with their high cost has further complicated matters. this has led to the investigation of alternative methods to manage nematodes, includ ... | 2016 | 27543148 |
| screening of the 'pathogen box' identifies an approved pesticide with major anthelmintic activity against the barber's pole worm. | there is a substantial need to develop new medicines against parasitic diseases via public-private partnerships. based on high throughput phenotypic screens of largely protozoal pathogens and bacteria, the medicines for malaria venture (mmv) has recently assembled an open-access 'pathogen box' containing 400 well-curated chemical compounds. in the present study, we tested these compounds for activity against parasitic stages of the nematode haemonchus contortus (barber's pole worm). in an optimi ... | 2016 | 27524698 |
| efficacy of sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) pellets against multi resistant haemonchus contortus and interaction with oral ivermectin: implications for on-farm control. | the worldwide spread of resistance to anthelmintic (ah) drugs in gastrointestinal nematodes (gins) imposes to explore alternative solutions. amongst those, the possible use of tannin-containing nutraceuticals appears as a relevant option to replace (or decrease the frequency of) chemical-based treatments. our objectives were to test the ah efficacy of sainfoin pellets against a multiresistant strain of haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected lambs and to examine possible interaction betw ... | 2016 | 27523948 |
| synergism between ivermectin and the tyrosine kinase/p-glycoprotein inhibitor crizotinib against haemonchus contortus larvae in vitro. | anthelmintic resistance is a major problem in parasitic nematodes of livestock worldwide. one means to counter resistance is to use synergists that specifically inhibit resistance mechanisms in order to restore the toxicity, and hence preserve the usefulness, of currently available anthelmintics. p-glycoproteins (p-gps) eliminate a wide variety of structurally unrelated xenobiotics from cells, and have been implicated in anthelmintic resistance. crizotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor under de ... | 2016 | 27523939 |
| f200y polymorphism of the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene in haemonchus contortus and sheep flock management practices related to anthelmintic resistance in eastern amazon. | the objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of the f200y polymorphism in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of haemonchus contortus from various sheep flocks in eastern amazon, and to identify management practices that may favor the emergence of resistance to anthelmintic drugs in the same area. in total, 305 specimens of h. contortus were collected from sheep at 12 farms located in the state of pará. an allele-specific pcr was performed to detect the f200y polymorphism, and ques ... | 2016 | 27514894 |
| chemical composition and in vitro activity of calotropis procera (ait.) latex on haemonchus contortus. | calotropis procera is among the species of medicinal plants that have traditionally been used for the treatment of parasites in small ruminants, stimulating the scientific validation of anthelmintic effects. this study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of ethyl acetate extract of calotropis procera latex (eaecpl), assess the in vitro effect against haemonchus contortus and the structural changes caused in the adult worm. the latex was collected, lyophilized and subjected to washing w ... | 2016 | 27514877 |
| influence of sustained deworming pressure on the anthelmintic resistance status in strongyles of sheep under field conditions. | anthelmintic resistance (ar) status in madras red sheep from selected field flocks of a government funded scheme, covered by regular, sustained anthelmintic treatment for more than 10 years was determined. parameters such as fecal egg count reduction test (fecrt), larval paralysis assay (lpa), and allele-specific-pcr (as-pcr) were used to test the efficacy of fenbendazole, tetramisole, and ivermectin at recommended doses, in two seasons. sheep belonging to non-beneficiary farmers were used as co ... | 2016 | 27509876 |
| structural and functional characterization of a novel gene, hc-daf-22, from the strongylid nematode haemonchus contortus. | the strongylid nematode haemonchus contortus is a parasite of major concern for modern livestock husbandry because hostile environmental conditions may induce diapause in the early fourth-stage larvae. | 2016 | 27472920 |
| proteomic analysis of the excretory and secretory proteins of haemonchus contortus (hcesp) binding to goat pbmcs in vivo revealed stage-specific binding profiles. | haemonchus contortus is a parasitic gastrointestinal nematode, and its excretory and secretory products (hcesps) interact extensively with the host cells. in this study, we report the interaction of proteins from hcesps at different developmental stages to goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in vivo using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. a total of 407 hcesps that interacted with goat pbmcs at different time points were identified from a h. contortus protein database u ... | 2016 | 27467391 |
| recent duplication and functional divergence in parasitic nematode levamisole-sensitive acetylcholine receptors. | helminth parasites rely on fast-synaptic transmission in their neuromusculature to experience the outside world and respond to it. acetylcholine plays a pivotal role in this and its receptors are targeted by a wide variety of both natural and synthetic compounds used in human health and for the control of parasitic disease. the model, caenorhabditis elegans is characterized by a large number of acetylcholine receptor subunit genes, a feature shared across the nematodes. this dynamic family is ch ... | 2016 | 27415016 |
| evaluation of kumaon hill goats for resistance to natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. | the present study deals with the investigation of different degrees of genetic resistance/resilience of uttarakhand hill goats to natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes in order to introduce into breeding schemes. animals were naturally infected with haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta, oesophagostomum spp. and trichostrongylus spp. faecal egg counts (fec) were carried out every month for a period of 1 year and blood samples were collected every third month for the determi ... | 2016 | 27413336 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous extract of zanthoxylum armatum dc. seeds against haemonchus contortus of small ruminants. | haemonchus contortus infection is the major hurdle in growth and productivity in small ruminants especially in tropical countries. indiscriminate and long term use of currently available chemotherapeutic agents lead to development of resistance in microorganisms and residual problems in population. therefore, present study was undertaken to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous extract of zanthoxylum armatum dc. seeds against adult h. contortus worms of small ruminants. proximate analysi ... | 2016 | 27413333 |
| epizootological study of small ruminant gastrointestinal strongyles in gamo-gofa zone, southern ethiopia. | the study was conducted with the objective to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal strongyles and identifying the prevailing strongyle species gamo-gofa zone. a total of 598 animals (241 sheep and 357 goats) and 45 animals (20 sheep and 25 goats) were examined coproscopically and by post mortem, respectively. the overall coproscopic prevalence of strongylosis in the study area was 51.4 %. strongyles were more prevalent in sheep than goats (95 % ci is 74.6-84.8 % and 58.6-68.6 % for sheep ... | 2016 | 27413323 |
| sero-prevalence of haemonchus contortus infection in sheep by indirect-elisa using somatic antigen. | the present work was carried out to study the sero-prevalence of haemonchus contortus infection in sheep by indirect-enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (indirect-elisa) using somatic antigen. out of 100 abomasums screened, 57 found positive for h. contortus adult worms. a total of 250 serum samples which includes, 100 serum samples from local abattoir in and around shimoga region from the animals from which the abomasums were collected and 150 serum samples from migratory sheep were used to dete ... | 2016 | 27413322 |
| in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of murraya koenigii against gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep. | the present study have been conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of crude aqueous and crude methanolic leaf extracts of murraya koenigii. infection of ruminants with gastro-intestinal (gi) parasite has become a worldwide problem. the parasite causes economic losses in a variety of ways. previously sheep producers relied heavily on anti-parasitic drugs to control gastro-intestinal parasites of the flocks. but due to misuse of these drugs the parasites become resistant to drugs. thus cr ... | 2016 | 27413305 |
| histochemical study of the effects on abomasal mucins of haemonchus contortus or teladorsagia circumcincta infection in lambs. | previously, chemical analysis of gastric fundic mucin showed that infection of sheep with haemonchus contortus or teladorsagia circumcincta changed the proportions of monosaccharides and decreased terminal mucin fucosylation and sialylation. to identify the effects of these parasites on the two mucin-secreting cell lineages, fundic and antral tissues were collected for histochemistry from 69 lambs aged from 3-4 to 9-10 months-of-age which had received a single infection of either h. contortus or ... | 2016 | 27387375 |