| caenorhabditis elegans as a model to screen plant extracts and compounds as natural anthelmintics for veterinary use. | the most challenging obstacles to testing products for their anthelmintic activity are: (1) establishing a suitable nematode in vitro assay that can evaluate potential product use against a parasitic nematode of interest and (2) preparation of extracts that can be redissolved in solvents that are miscible in the test medium and are at concentrations well tolerated by the nematode system used for screening. the use of parasitic nematodes as a screening system is hindered by the difficulty of keep ... | 2011 | 21680095 |
| effect of six tropical tanniferous plant extracts on larval exsheathment of haemonchus contortus. | tanniferous plants represent a promising alternative for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants. this experiment evaluated the effects of extracts from the leaf and stem of anadenanthera colubrina, leucaena leucocephala and mimosa tenuiflora on larval exsheathment of haemonchus contortus in vitro and verified the role of tannins in this process. third-stage larvae of h. contortus were incubated with extracts for 3 hours and were exposed to sodium hypochlorite solution. the ext ... | 2011 | 21722491 |
| no loss of production due to larval challenge in sheep given continuous anthelmintic treatment via a controlled release capsule. | this study aimed to quantify production loss due to larval challenge in sheep administered a controlled release albendazole capsule (crc) and thus determine the suitability of crc treated sheep as a proxy for worm-free sheep in grazing experiments. the experiment used an incomplete 2+ù3 latin square design with 81 merino wethers. sheep were either infected (inf) with mixed oral infection of albendazole-susceptible haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus colubriformis, and teladorsagia circumcinct ... | 2011 | 21824729 |
| proteomic analysis of secretory products from the model gastrointestinal nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus reveals dominance of venom allergen-like (val) proteins. | the intestinal helminth parasite, heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri offers a tractable experimental model for human hookworm infections such as ancylostoma duodenale and veterinary parasites such as haemonchus contortus. parasite excretory-secretory (es) products represent the major focus for immunological and biochemical analyses, and contain immunomodulatory molecules responsible for nematode immune evasion. in a proteomic analysis of adult h. polygyrus secretions (termed hes) matched to an ext ... | 2011 | 21722761 |
| cryptosporidium and giardia associated with reduced lamb carcase productivity. | on two extensive sheep farms in southern western australia, 111 (farm a) and 124 (farm b) female crossbred lambs (2-6 weeks old) were randomly selected and individually identified using ear tags (a numbered tag and radio-frequency tag) at marking. on five separate occasions, faecal samples were collected and live weight, body condition score (bcs), faecal consistency score (fcs), breech fleece faecal soiling score and faecal dry matter percentage (dm%) were recorded. lamb hot carcase weight (hcw ... | 2011 | 21719199 |
| p-glycoproteins of haemonchus contortus: development of real-time pcr assays for gene expression studies. | p-glycoproteins (p-gps) are proteins that function as efflux pumps, removing lipophilic xenobiotic compounds from cells. there is evidence that p-gps play a role in the resistance of parasitic nematodes to anthelmintic drugs such as benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones. as anthelmintic resistance becomes more common, it is important to identify candidate resistance genes with the aim of understanding the molecular basis of resistance, and of developing assays to detect these resistance-associ ... | 2011 | 21729384 |
| 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives highly active against haemonchus contortus. | a series of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anthelmintic activity against haemonchus contortus. the most active compounds had in vitro ld(99) values of 30nm, which is comparable to that of the benchmark commercial nematocide, ivermectin. | 2011 | 21684739 |
| thermodynamic evaluation of ligand binding in the plant-like phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases of the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. | nematodes are a major cause of disease and the discovery of new pathways not found in hosts is critical for development of therapeutic targets. previous studies suggest that caenorhabditis elegans synthesizes phosphocholine via two s-adenosylmethionine (adomet)-dependent phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases (pmt). here we examine two pmt from the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. sequence analysis suggests that hcpmt1 contains a methyltransferase domain in the n-terminal half of the pro ... | 2011 | 21914812 |
| tactical treatment with copper oxide wire particles and symptomatic levamisole treatment using the famacha(©) system in indigenous goats in south africa. | haemonchosis is considered to be the most economically important gastrointestinal disease of small ruminants in the tropics and subtropics. however, chemical anthelmintics, which were the mainstay of control, have been compromised by a high prevalence of resistance worldwide. copper oxide wire particles (cowp) have been shown to have anthelmintic effects, but few studies have examined their use under field conditions. the use of cowp was therefore evaluated as a tactical anthelmintic treatment i ... | 2011 | 21880430 |
| impacts of naturally acquired protozoa and strongylid nematode infections on growth and faecal attributes in lambs. | on two separate sampling occasions, faecal samples were collected from lambs (2-5 months of age) grazing pasture on two separate sheep farms in southern western australia. live weight, body condition score (bcs), faecal consistency score (fcs) and faecal dry matter percentage (dm%) were measured. faecal samples were screened by pcr for cryptosporidium (18s rrna, actin and 60kda glycoprotein [gp60] loci), giardia duodenalis (glutamate dehydrogenase [gdh] and β-giardin) and patent strongylid nemat ... | 2011 | 21889852 |
| role of host and environment in mediating reduced gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep due to intensive rotational grazing. | we have previously reported marked reductions in faecal worm egg counts (wecs) and drenching frequency in sheep on an intensive rotational grazing system (irg) in a cool temperate environment with summer-dominant rainfall. these experiments were designed to determine the role of the host and environmental factors in mediating this. the role of host factors was investigated by administering a fixed larval challenge in each of the 4 seasons of the year to groups of 20 young sheep on three differen ... | 2011 | 21924833 |
| dynamics of the free-living stages of sheep intestinal parasites on pasture in the north island of new zealand. 2. weather variables associated with development. | to identify weather variables associated with the development of eggs of teladorsagia (=ostertagia) circumcincta, trichostrongylus colubriformis and haemonchus contortus to third-stage infective larvae (l3) under a range of climatic conditions on pasture in the north island of new zealand. | 2011 | 22040333 |
| evaluation of eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes. | phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. this study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (eceo). the in vitro effects of eceo were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of haemonchus contortus. eceo was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. the in vivo effects of eceo were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (fecrt) in g ... | 2011 | 21961753 |
| efficacy of monepantel and anthelmintic combinations against multiple-resistant haemonchus contortus in sheep, including characterisation of the nematode isolate. | three experiments defined the resistance profile of a population of haemonchus contortus, which was shown to express multiple resistances to the benzimidazole, levamisole, macrocyclic lactone and salicylanilide anthelmintic classes when given as a registered combination. study 1 was a faecal egg count reduction (fecr) test and the efficacies for the anthelmintics were monepantel, 100%; abamectin+levamisole+oxfendazole, 40.0%; and abamectin+levamisole+oxfendazole+naphthalophos, 100%. no larvae we ... | 2011 | 22169404 |
| cross-infection between tropical goats and heifers with haemonchus contortus. | developing effective biological control without the systematic use of anthelmintics is necessary to reduce the impact of gastrointestinal nematodes on small ruminants. therefore, grazing management systems that use different host species to dilute nematodes in pasture appear to be promising for worm control. a trial was carried out to investigate the specificity of haemonchus contortus for goats and cattle and to evaluate cross-infection between ruminant species. the effect of an experimental in ... | 2011 | 21924553 |
| evaluation of cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil in lambs experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus. | hematophagous gastrointestinal parasites cause significant economic losses in small ruminant grazing systems. the growing reports of multi-drug resistant parasites call for intensive research on alternative treatments for anthelmintics to help small ruminants cope with these parasites. two-month-old lambs with mean body weight (bw) of 22.5kg were experimentally infected with a multidrug-resistant haemonchus contortus strain. infected animals were dosed orally with cymbopogon schoenanthus essenti ... | 2011 | 22206645 |
| Differential immune response between fundic and pyloric abomasal regions upon experimental ovine infection with Haemonchus contortus. | The effect of experimental haemonchosis on the number of tissue eosinophils, plasma cells and lymphocyte subpopulations was evaluated in the fundic abomasal region, the pyloric abomasal region and the abomasal lymph node of Blackbelly lambs, which are resistant to infection, and Columbia lambs, which are susceptible to infection. An increase in the number of tissue eosinophils and CD4+ and WC1(+)?d T-cells was observed in the pyloric abomasal region of Blackbelly lambs and correlated with lower ... | 2011 | 22153120 |
| annotation of two large contiguous regions from the haemonchus contortus genome using rna-seq and comparative analysis with caenorhabditis elegans. | the genomes of numerous parasitic nematodes are currently being sequenced, but their complexity and size, together with high levels of intra-specific sequence variation and a lack of reference genomes, makes their assembly and annotation a challenging task. haemonchus contortus is an economically significant parasite of livestock that is widely used for basic research as well as for vaccine development and drug discovery. it is one of many medically and economically important parasites within th ... | 2011 | 21858033 |
| the anthelmintic effect of plant extracts on haemonchus contortus and strongyloides venezuelensis. | the indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has resulted in the establishment of parasite resistance. thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiparasitic effect of plant extracts on haemonchus contortus in sheep and the in vivo effect on strongyloides venezuelensis in rattus norvegicus. the plant extracts from piper tuberculatum, lippia sidoides, mentha piperita, hura crepitans and carapa guianensis, produced at different research institutions, were chemically analyzed and evaluated throug ... | 2012 | 21872995 |
| characteristics of dnase activities in excretory/secretory products of infective larvae of haemonchus contortus. | while multiple dnase activities occur in the excretory/secretory products (esps) of the adult haemonchus contortus, the dnase activities in esps of the infective larvae (l3) have not been studied. thus, the dnase activities in esps of h. contortus l3 were investigated and compared to those of adults for developmental stage-specific analysis. the dnase activities had relative molecular masses (mrs) of 34 and 36 kda upon zymographic analysis at ph 5.0 and 7.0 when the larvae were incubated for ove ... | 2011 | 21875446 |
| dynamics of the free-living stages of sheep intestinal parasites on pasture in the north island of new zealand. 1. patterns of seasonal development. | to describe the seasonal pattern of development of third-stage infective larvae (l3) from eggs of teladorsagia (=ostertagia) circumcincta, trichostrongylus colubriformis and haemonchus contortus on pasture in the north island of new zealand. | 2011 | 22040332 |
| experiences with integrated concepts for the control of haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats in the united states. | the generally warm, moist environmental conditions in the southern united states (u.s.) are ideal for survival and growth of the egg and larval stages of haemonchus contortus and other gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) of sheep and goats. consequently, infection with gin is the greatest threat to economic small ruminant production in this region. with anthelmintic resistance now reaching epidemic proportions in small ruminants in the u.s., non-chemical control alternatives are critically needed. ... | 2011 | 22178411 |
| in vitro screening of plant lectins and tropical plant extracts for anthelmintic properties. | lectins are plant secondary metabolites (psm) found in many forages and which may confer anthelmintic properties to gastrointestinal parasites through disrupting the development of parasitic larvae throughout its life cycle. in experiment 1, the ability of the plant lectins jacalin (jac), concanavalin a (con a), phytohemagglutinin e2l2 (pha-e2l2), phytohemagglutinin l4 (pha-l4), phytohemagglutinin e3l (pha-e3l), kidney bean albumin (kba), robinia pseudoacacia agglutinin (rpa), maackia amurensis ... | 2011 | 22130336 |
| Molecular and biochemical characterisation of a Teladorsagia circumcincta glutamate dehydrogenase. | A full length cDNA encoding glutamate dehydrogenase was cloned from Teladorsagia circumcincta (TcGDH). The TcGDH cDNA (1614 bp) encoded a 538 amino acid protein. The predicted amino acid sequence showed 96% and 93% similarity with Haemonchus contortus and Caenorhabditis elegans GDH, respectively. A soluble N-terminal 6xHis-tagged GDH protein was expressed in the recombinant Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) pGroESL, purified and characterised. The recombinant TcGDH had similar kinetic propertie ... | 2011 | 21864529 |
| Use of a mixed sericea lespedeza and grass pasture system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs and kids. | Because of a high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance and consumer demand for chemical free meat products, management tools to minimize the need for deworming are needed. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of grazing sericea lespedeza (SL) in a mixed grass or a pure forage system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN); in other words pasture systems included grass, grass plus SL, or SL alone (Experiments 2 and 3). Selective use of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) based o ... | 2011 | 22192772 |
| Ups and downs of RNA interference in parasitic nematodes. | RNA interference (RNAi) is widely used in Caenorhabiditis elegans to identify essential gene function. In parasitic nematodes RNAi has been reported to result in transcript knockdown of some target genes, but not others, thus limiting its use as a potential functional genomics tool. We recently extended work in Haemonchus contortus to examine why only some genes seem to be susceptible to RNAi and to test RNAi effects in vivo. Here we review our findings, which suggest that site of gene expressio ... | 2011 | 21854774 |
| relationship between increased albendazole systemic exposure and changes in single nucleotide polymorphisms on the β-tubulin isotype 1 encoding gene in haemonchus contortus. | resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics in the nematode haemonchus contortus has been correlated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) on the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. three mutations can be used as markers for the detection of resistance, namely snps at position 200 and 167 (both ttc to tac) or at position 198 (gaa to gca). harbouring a resistance genotype at any one of these codons can lead to a resistant phenotype. our objective in this study was to analyse the frequencies of the thre ... | 2011 | 22192770 |
| Doramectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus on an alpaca farm in Belgium. | Parasitism by gastrointestinal nematodes is a health concern in New World Camelids (NWC) worldwide, and anthelmintic treatment is often needed for parasite control. Although anthelmintic resistance has been reported in ruminants worldwide, data in NWC are only scarce. In the present study, a case of suspected doramectin resistance in alpacas was examined. A field efficacy study was conducted for the evaluation of two different dosages of doramectin using a faecal egg count reduction test. A grou ... | 2011 | 22035850 |
| pyrosequencing analysis of the beta-tubulin gene in spanish teladorsagia circumcincta field isolates. | benzimidazole (bz) resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at codons 200, 167 and 198 in the beta-tubulin isotype 1 gene and, recently, these snps have also been found in macrocyclic lactone (ml) resistant strains of haemonchus contortus. on this basis, we have studied the same putative snps in spanish teladorsagia circumcincta field isolates by pyrosequencing. single l3 (infective 3rd stage larvae) from five sheep flocks were test ... | 2011 | 21962969 |
| Parasitism by Oestrus ovis: Influence of sheep breed and nematode infections. | Previous studies showed that Santa Ines (SI) hair sheep were more resistant to gastrointestinal nematode infections (GIN) than Ile de France (IF) sheep. The present experiment aimed to evaluate if that reported resistance difference against GIN also occurred against Oestrus ovis infestation and also to evaluate the influence of O. ovis infestation on the gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infections. SI (n=12) and IF (n=12) young male lambs were weaned at 2 months of age and moved to a paddock (0. ... | 2011 | 22105081 |
| Preserving new anthelmintics: A simple method for estimating faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) confidence limits when efficacy and/or nematode aggregation is high. | As it has been 30 years since a new anthelmintic class was released, it is appropriate to review management practices aimed at slowing the development of anthelmintic resistance to all drug classes. Recommendations to delay anthelmintic resistance, provide refugia and the use of a simulation model were reviewed to find optimum treatment strategies that maintain nematode control. Simulated Australian conditions indicated that a common successful low-risk treatment program was a rapid rotation bet ... | 2011 | 22154971 |
| Purification, molecular characterization and gene expression analysis of an aspartic protease (Sc-ASP113) from the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae during the parasitic stage. | Steinernema carpocapsae is an insect parasitic nematode associated with the bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila. During invasion, this nematode is able to express many proteases, including aspartic proteases. Genes encoding these aspartic proteases have been identified in the EST, and aspartic protease has been found in excretory-secretory products. The total protease was shown to digest blood hemoglobin in a zymogram gel. When the protein was partially purified by pepstatin affinity chromatograph ... | 2011 | 22178695 |
| why is it important to correctly identify haemonchus species? | parasitic gastroenteritis caused by haemonchus spp. is a major cause of economic losses in the livestock industry because it impairs weight gain and increases mortality in cattle and small ruminants, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. the proper identification of the various species, as well as knowledge regarding the epidemiology of parasitic gastroenteritis, is essential for the establishment of sustainable strategies of parasite control. this review focuses on the use of easily app ... | 2011 | 22166378 |
| safety and efficacy against fourth-stage gastrointestinal nematode larvae, of monepantel in 6-week old lambs. | a controlled, blinded study was undertaken in 6-week old, pre-weaned lambs to demonstrate the safety and efficacy against fourth-stage gastrointestinal nematode larvae, of monepantel administered per os at 2.5mg/kg body weight. worm burdens of 10 monepantel-treated lambs were compared to those from 10 untreated control lambs. geometric mean derived efficacies of 100, 100, 96.4 and 99.9% were demonstrated against haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia spp., cooperia curticei and trichostrongylus colu ... | 2011 | 22075043 |
| Pharmacological characterization of the Haemonchus contortus GABA-gated chloride channel, Hco-UNC-49: Modulation by macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics and a receptor for piperazine. | Invertebrate ligand-gated chloride channels are well recognized as important targets for several insecticides and anthlemintics. Hco-UNC-49 is a GABA-gated chloride channel from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus and is an orthologue to the neuromuscular receptor (Cel-UNC-49) from the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. While the receptors from the two nematodes are similar in sequence, they exhibit different sensitivities to GABA which may reflect differences in in vivo functi ... | 2011 | 22075040 |
| genetic analysis of the potential role of iga and ige responses against haemonchus contortus in parasite resistance of creole goats. | small ruminants are affected by gastrointestinal nematode (gin) infection. a promising alternative strategy for control of gin infection is to increase the level of resistance in the population by taking advantage of the host's immune response. immunoglobulin a (iga) and e (ige) are known to be involved in immune response to gin. the aim of this study was thus to investigate genetic parameters of iga and ige responses against haemonchus contortus in creole kids naturally challenged at pasture an ... | 2011 | 22188980 |
| Candidate anthelmintic resistance-associated gene expression and sequence polymorphisms in a triple-resistant field isolate of Haemonchus contortus. | An isolate of Haemonchus contortus, UGA/2004, highly resistant to benzimidazoles, levamisole, and ivermectin was isolated from sheep at the University of Georgia, and passaged through experimentally infected goats. We measured the expression of twenty-nine mRNAs encoding drug targets and P-glycoproteins (P-gps), comparing the results to a fully susceptible laboratory passaged isolate. Expression levels of some nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNAs were markedly different in UGA/2004. Levels of ... | 2011 | 21945142 |
| anthelmintic activity of jatropha curcas l. seeds on haemonchus contortus. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of hexane (he), ethyl acetate (ea) and ethanol (ee) extracts obtained from the seeds of jatropha curcas using the egg hatch inhibition assay (eha) and the artificial larval exsheathment inhibition assay (leia). for the egg hatch assay, he, ea and ee were used in concentrations of 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg ml(-1), accompanied by a negative control (5% tween 80) and a positive control (0.025 g ml(-1) thiabendazole). in leia, the ... | 2011 | 21890274 |
| nucleotide allosteric regulation of the glutamate dehydrogenases of teladorsagia circumcincta and haemonchus contortus. | the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh; ec 1.4.1.3) in l3 of the nematode haemonchus contortus was confirmed by detecting gdh mrna, contrary to earlier reports. the enzyme was active in both l3 and adult h. contortus homogenates either with nad(+)/h or nadp(+)/h as co-factor. although it was a dual co-factor gdh, activity was greater with nad(+)/h than with nadp(+)/h. the rate of the aminating reaction (glutamate formation) was approximately three times higher than for the deaminating re ... | 2011 | 22155552 |
| mitochondrial fumarate reductase as a target of chemotherapy: from parasites to cancer cells. | recent research on respiratory chain of the parasitic helminth, ascaris suum has shown that the mitochondrial nadh-fumarate reductase system (fumarate respiration), which is composed of complex i (nadh-rhodoquinone reductase), rhodoquinone and complex ii (rhodoquinol-fumarate reductase) plays an important role in the anaerobic energy metabolism of adult parasites inhabiting hosts. the enzymes in these parasite-specific pathways are potential target for chemotherapy. we isolated a novel compound, ... | 2011 | 22226661 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of five tropical native australian plants against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in experimentally infected goats (capra hircus). | the study of the anthelmintic properties of plants rich in plant secondary metabolites can provide ecologically sound methods for the treatment of parasites on grazing animals. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of five tropical native australian plant species rich in plant secondary metabolites on adult haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in experimentally infected goats. thirty young, nematode-free goats were infected with 2500 h. conto ... | 2012 | 22265804 |
| changes in the haemato-biochemical pattern due to experimentally induced haemonchosis in sahabadi sheep. | the study evaluated the damage caused by haemonchus contortus in terms of blood loss, faecal clearance of plasma protein and elevated serum enzyme activity in sahabadi sheep. apparently healthy sahabadi sheep (n = 15) were selected randomly based on phenotypic characteristics and divided into two groups; infected (n = 8) and uninfected control (n = 6) and one sheep was used as donor animal. each animal of infected group were orally infected with 700 third stage larvae (l3) of h. contortus/kg bod ... | 2011 | 23542417 |
| is the establishment rate and fecundity of haemonchus contortus related to body or abomasal measurements in sheep? | the relationship among parasitological parameters, abomasal size and body size measurements was investigated in lambs following an experimental infection with haemonchus contortus. in total, 100 lambs from five different genotypes (german merino (gm), texel × gm, suffolk × gm, german blackhead mutton × gm and ile de france × gm) were experimentally infected with 5000 infective third stage larvae of h. contortus at the time of weaning at 12 weeks of age. four and six weeks after infection, indivi ... | 2011 | 22440180 |
| evaluation of benzimidazole resistance in haemonchus contortus using comparative pcr-rflp methods. | in order to deworm the ruminants especially of sheep in iran, consumption of benzimidazoles has more than 2 decades history and today farmers are using imidazothiazoles, macrocyclic lactones and mostly benzimidazole compounds (bzs) to treat infected farm animals. it has been demonstrated that the most common molecular mechanism leading to bzsresistance in haemonchus contortus is a single mutation at amino acid 200 (phenylalanine to tyrosine) of the isotype 1 of beta tubulin gene. according to th ... | 2011 | 22347287 |
| in vitro anthelmintic effect of anogeissus leiocarpus (dc.) guill. & perr. leaf extracts and fractions on developmental stages of haemonchus contortus. | the anthelmintic effect of acetone leaf extract and fractions of anogeissus leiocarpus was investigated to determine the relative efficacy of the components as anthelmintic against haemonchus contortus (rudolphi). the fractions were obtained by solvent-solvent group separation of the leaf extract. the fractions were evaluated for ovicidal and larvicidal activity by egg hatch inhibition assay and larval development viability assay. best-fit lc(50) values for egg hatch test were 0.360, 0.316, 0.09 ... | 2011 | 22238493 |
| immune responses associated with resistance to haemonchosis in sheep. | this paper examines the known immunological and genetic factors associated with sheep resistance to infection by haemonchus contortus. such resistance is an inheritable genetic trait (h(2), 0.22-0.63) associated with certain sheep breeds. resistant sheep do not completely reject the disease; they only harbor fewer parasites than susceptible sheep and therefore have a lower fecal egg count. protective immune response to haemonchosis is an expression of genetic resistance. genes associated with re ... | 2012 | 23509684 |
| epidemiological study of sympatric haemonchus species and genetic characterization of haemonchus contortus in domestic ruminants in tunisia. | parasitic gastroenteritis caused by haemonchus spp. is a major cause of economic losses in the livestock industry, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. the correct identification of various species, as well as knowledge regarding the epidemiology and genetic characterization of the principal circulating species, is essential for the establishment of sustainable control strategies. a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of haemonchus species in sheep, goats and cattle slaugh ... | 2012 | 23333137 |
| benzimidazole -resistance in haemonchus contortus: new pcr-rflp method for the detection of point mutation at codon 167 of isotype 1 β-tubulin gene. | due to the lack of a suitable and economic test for the analysis of the polymorphism at codon 167, we developed a new pcr-rflp technique, based on a modified forward primer (ut-hc167 mf-primer), to identify simultaneously the snps at codons 167 and 200 of isotype 1 β-tubulin gene of haemonchus contortus. | 2012 | 23323090 |
| prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths, lungworms and liver fluke in sheep and goats in norway. | the present study describes the occurrence of various gastrointestinal helminths, lungworms and liver flukes in norwegian sheep and goats as assessed from faecal samples and post mortem examinations performed between 2007 and 2010. faecal samples for gastrointestinal nematode egg counts were collected from 77 sheep flocks and 30 dairy goat flocks from three geographical regions in norway. additionally, thirty-two lambs and 16 adult goats were euthanized for necropsy examination and for identific ... | 2012 | 23298563 |
| therapeutic efficacy of eprinomectin extended-release injection against induced infections of developing (fourth-stage larvae) and adult nematode parasites of cattle. | the therapeutic efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (eri) formulation was evaluated against induced infections of developing fourth-stage larval or adult gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes of cattle in a series of six studies under two identical protocols (three each for developing fourth-stage larvae or adults) conducted in the usa, germany or the uk (two studies at each location, one per stage). each study initially included 16 nematode-free cattle. the cattle were ... | 2012 | 23273929 |
| nematode burdens of pastured cattle treated once at turnout with eprinomectin extended-release injection. | the efficacy of eprinomectin in an extended-release injection (eri) formulation was evaluated against infections with third-stage larvae or eggs of gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes in cattle under 120-day natural challenge conditions in a series of five studies conducted in the usa (three studies) and in europe (two studies). for each study, 30 nematode-free (four studies) or 30 cattle harboring naturally acquired nematode infections (one study) were included. the cattle were of various ... | 2012 | 23273928 |
| an eprinomectin extended-release injection formulation providing nematode control in cattle for up to 150 days. | a series of 10 dose confirmation studies was conducted to evaluate the persistent activity of an extended-release injectable (eri) formulation of eprinomectin against single point challenge infections of gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes of cattle. the formulation, selected based on the optimal combination of high nematode efficacy, appropriate plasma profile, and satisfactory tissue residue levels, includes 5% poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic)acid (plga) and is designed to deliver eprinomect ... | 2012 | 23273777 |
| e-ada activity in serum of lambs experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus. | abstract : the aim of this study was to evaluate adenosine deaminase (e-ada) activity in sera of lambs experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus . we used 12 lambs divided into 2 groups; group a had 5 healthy, non-infected animals (control) and group b had 7 healthy animals infected with h. contortus . lambs were infected orally with 500 larvae (l3) per animal every 2 days, for a period of 20 days, and later the infection was confirmed by examination of feces (eggs per gram [epg] via fe ... | 2012 | 23270327 |
| using existing drugs as leads for broad spectrum anthelmintics targeting protein kinases. | as one of the largest protein families, protein kinases (pks) regulate nearly all processes within the cell and are considered important drug targets. much research has been conducted on inhibitors for pks, leading to a wealth of compounds that target pks that have potential to be lead anthelmintic drugs. identifying compounds that have already been developed to treat neglected tropical diseases is an attractive way to obtain lead compounds inexpensively that can be developed into much needed dr ... | 2013 | 23459584 |
| functional characterization of a novel class of morantel-sensitive acetylcholine receptors in nematodes. | acetylcholine receptors are pentameric ligand-gated channels involved in excitatory neuro-transmission in both vertebrates and invertebrates. in nematodes, they represent major targets for cholinergic agonist or antagonist anthelmintic drugs. despite the large diversity of acetylcholine-receptor subunit genes present in nematodes, only a few receptor subtypes have been characterized so far. interestingly, parasitic nematodes affecting human or animal health possess two closely related members of ... | 2015 | 26625142 |
| hc-daf-2 encodes an insulin-like receptor kinase in the barber's pole worm, haemonchus contortus, and restores partial dauer regulation. | infective l3s (il3s) of parasitic nematodes share common behavioural, morphological and developmental characteristics with the developmentally arrested (dauer) larvae of the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. it is proposed that similar molecular mechanisms regulate entry into or exit from the dauer stage in c. elegans, and the transition from free-living to parasitic forms of parasitic nematodes. in c. elegans, one of the key factors regulating the dauer transition is the insulin-like ... | 2014 | 24727120 |
| diversity in parasitic nematode genomes: the micrornas of brugia pahangi and haemonchus contortus are largely novel. | micrornas (mirnas) play key roles in regulating post-transcriptional gene expression and are essential for development in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans and in higher organisms. whether micrornas are involved in regulating developmental programs of parasitic nematodes is currently unknown. here we describe the the mirna repertoire of two important parasitic nematodes as an essential first step in addressing this question. | 2012 | 22216965 |
| the cytochrome p450 family in the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. | haemonchus contortus, a highly pathogenic and economically important parasitic nematode of sheep, is particularly adept at developing resistance to the anthelmintic drugs used in its treatment and control. the basis of anthelmintic resistance is poorly understood for many commonly used drugs with most research being focused on mechanisms involving drug targets or drug efflux. altered or increased drug metabolism is a possible mechanism that has yet to receive much attention despite the clear rol ... | 2014 | 25558056 |
| targeting lysine deacetylases (kdacs) in parasites. | due to an increasing problem of drug resistance among almost all parasites species ranging from protists to worms, there is an urgent need to explore new drug targets and their inhibitors to provide new and effective parasitic therapeutics. in this regard, there is growing interest in exploring known drug leads of human epigenetic enzymes as potential starting points to develop novel treatments for parasitic diseases. this approach of repurposing (starting with validated targets and inhibitors) ... | 2015 | 26402733 |
| profiling of differentially expressed genes in sheep t lymphocytes response to an artificial primary haemonchus contortus infection. | haemonchus contortus is a common bloodsucking nematode causing widespread economic loss in agriculture. upon h. contortus infection, a series of host responses is elicited, especially those related to t lymphocyte immunity. existing studies mainly focus on the general immune responses of sheep t lymphocyte to h. contortus, lacking investigations at the molecular level. the objective of this study was to obtain a systematic transcriptional profiling of the t lymphocytes in h. contortus primary-in ... | 2015 | 25903558 |
| identification of novel loci associated with gastrointestinal parasite resistance in a red maasai x dorper backcross population. | gastrointestinal (gi) parasitic infection is the main health constraint for small ruminant production, causing loss of weight and/or death. red maasai sheep have adapted to a tropical environment where extreme parasite exposure is a constant, especially with highly pathogenic haemonchus contortus. this breed has been reported to be resistant to gastrointestinal parasite infection, hence it is considered an invaluable resource to study associations between host genetics and resistance. the aim of ... | 2015 | 25867089 |
| gastrointestinal parasitic infection in diverse species of domestic ruminants inhabiting tribal rural areas of southern rajasthan, india. | a total of 415 adult domesticated ruminants, 130 cattle (bos taurus), 108 buffaloes (bubalus bubalis), 94 goats (capra hircus) and 83 sheep (ovis aries) inhabiting tribal rural areas of southern rajasthan, india were investigated for evidence of gastrointestinal protozoan and helminthic infections. in southern rajasthan humid ecosystem is predominant and has number of perennial freshwater bodies. fresh faecal samples of these animals were examined microscopically by direct wet smear with saline ... | 2012 | 24431582 |
| the haemonchus contortus kinome--a resource for fundamental molecular investigations and drug discovery. | protein kinases regulate a plethora of essential signalling and other biological pathways in all eukaryotic organisms, but very little is known about them in most parasitic nematodes. | 2015 | 26644012 |
| inhibition of haemonchus contortus larval development by fungal lectins. | lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are involved in fundamental intra- and extracellular biological processes. they occur ubiquitously in nature and are especially abundant in plants and fungi. it has been well established that certain higher fungi produce lectins in their fruiting bodies and/or sclerotia as a part of their natural resistance against free-living fungivorous nematodes and other pests. despite relatively high diversity of the glycan structures in nature, many of the gly ... | 2015 | 26283415 |
| a hydroalcoholic extract from paullinia pinnata l. roots exerts anthelmintic activity against free-living and parasitic nematodes. | paullinia pinnata is a medicinal plant traditionally used in west africa against a wide range of diseases including soil-transmitted helminthiases. in this study, a hydroethanolic root extract was investigated for its phytochemical composition and in vitro activity against the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans as well as the larval stages of the parasitic helminths ancylostoma caninum, haemonchus contortus, toxocara cati, and trichuris vulpis.lc-ms analysis of the ethanol-water (1 : 1) ... | 2016 | 27286336 |
| serine protease inhibitors of parasitic helminths. | serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a superfamily of structurally conserved proteins that inhibit serine proteases and play key physiological roles in numerous biological systems such as blood coagulation, complement activation and inflammation. a number of serpins have now been identified in parasitic helminths with putative involvement in immune regulation and in parasite survival through interference with the host immune response. this review describes the serpins and smapins (small seri ... | 2012 | 22310379 |
| genetic characterization of selected parasites from people with histories of gastrointestinal disorders using a mutation scanning-coupled approach. | a sscp analysis and targeted sequencing approach was used for the genetic characterization of some major pathogens from a cohort of 227 people with histories of gastrointestinal disorders. genomic dnas from fecal samples were subjected to pcr-amplification of regions in the glycoprotein (gp60) or triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene, or the second internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal dna (its-2). cryptosporidium, giardia, and strongylid nematodes were detected in 94, 132 and 12 samp ... | 2013 | 23592267 |
| fecal parasite identification by microscopy and pcr in scimitar-horned oryx, oryx dammah, managed at two sites. | the scimitar-horned oryx, oryx dammah, an endangered species extinct in the wild, is managed in various captive management programs and is the focus of reintroduction efforts. management variability can contribute to substantial parasite load differences, which can affect deworming programs and potentially transfer parasites to different regions with translocations. parasite studies in o. dammah are lacking. in this study, we determined fecal egg/oocyst counts of o. dammah in two captive herds, ... | 2016 | 27942456 |
| draft genome of neurotropic nematode parasite angiostrongylus cantonensis, causative agent of human eosinophilic meningitis. | angiostrongylus cantonensis is a bursate nematode parasite that causes eosinophilic meningitis (or meningoencephalitis) in humans in many parts of the world. the genomic data from a. cantonensis will form a useful resource for comparative genomic and chemogenomic studies to aid the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. we have sequenced, assembled and annotated the genome of a. cantonensis. the genome size is estimated to be ∼260 mb, with 17,280 genomic scaffolds, 91x coverage, 81.45% for ... | 2015 | 25910624 |
| cathepsin b-like and hemoglobin-type cysteine proteases: stage-specific gene expression in angiostrongy cantonensis. | three cysteine protease genes, cathepsin b-like enzyme gene 1, 2 (ac-cathb-1, ac-cathb-2) and hemoglobin-type cysteine protease gene (ac-hem) were isolated and described from angiostrongylus cantonensis adult. the deduced amino acid sequence of ac-cathb-1 and ac-cathb-2 contain all of the conserved regions of cathepsin b. ac-cathb-2 is similar to a host intrusion-related cysteine protease b from parelaphostrongylus tenuis, and the ac-hem shares high similarity to legumain from haemonchus contort ... | 2012 | 22668746 |
| expression of serine proteinase p186 of arthrobotrys oligospora and analysis of its nematode-degrading activity. | the nematode-trapping fungi possess a unique capability of predating and invading nematodes. as a representative nematode-trapping fungus, arthrobotrys oligospora has been widely used to study the interactions between nematode-trapping fungi and their hosts. serine proteinase is one of the important virulence factors during process of invasion of the nematode-trapping fungi into nematodes. in this study, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we amplified the gene sequence of ser ... | 2015 | 26419902 |
| the recombinant serine protease xaoz1 of arthrobotrys oligospora exhibits potent nematicidal activity against caenorhabditis elegans and haemonchus contortus. | the nematophagous fungus arthrobotrys oligospora is a potential biological agent against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes. its subtilisin-like serine proteases play an important role in nematode cuticle breach. in this study, the cdna of the mature serine protease xaoz1 from a. oligospora xj-xao1 was expressed in pichia pastoris to assess the in vitro nematicidal activity of recombinant xaoz1 (rexaoz1) on caenorhabditis elegans and haemonchus contortus. the cdna sequence of the protease xaoz ... | 2013 | 23574378 |
| the anthelmintic effects of the leaf extract of ocimum gratissimum (l.). | the leaf extract (f005) of ocimum gratissimum was isolated by a bioassay-guided chromatographic separation technique using the brine shrimp lethality test assay. the effects of various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/ml) of f005 were tested in vitro on infective larvae (l(3)) of haemonchus contortus and heligmosomoides polygyrus. cockerels experimentally infected with ascaridia galli infective eggs were also treated with various doses (500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg) of f005 in vivo. f ... | 1998 | 23196034 |
| the cholinomimetic morantel as an open channel blocker of the ascaris suum acr-16 nachr. | nematode parasite infections pose a significant threat in human and veterinary medicine. at least a third of the world's population is at risk from nematode parasite infections. these infections not only cause health problems, but also cause loss of livestock production and hence, economic losses. anthelmintic drugs are the mainstay by which control of nematode parasite infections is achieved. many of the currently available anthelmintics act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs). howeve ... | 2016 | 27995347 |
| expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits from parasitic nematodes in caenorhabditis elegans. | the levamisole-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor present at nematode neuromuscular junctions is composed of multiple different subunits, with the exact composition varying between species. we tested the ability of two well-conserved nicotinic receptor subunits, unc-38 and unc-29, from haemonchus contortus and ascaris suum to rescue the levamisole-resistance and locomotion defects of caenorhabditis elegans strains with null deletion mutations in the unc-38 and unc-29 genes. the parasite ... | 2015 | 26747395 |
| vaccination of goats with dna vaccine encoding dim-1 induced partial protection against haemonchus contortus: a preliminary experimental study. | disorganized muscle family member (dim-1) belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily, and is a structural protein localized to the region of the muscle cell membrane around and between the dense bodies. strong immunogenicity to host's immune system was induced by dim-1 from ascaris suum, which indicated that dim-1 could be a potential candidate for vaccine. the homologues of dim-1 were also detected in nematodes brugia malayi and trichostrongylus colubriformis. however, information on the complete co ... | 2013 | 23545480 |
| nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: a comparison of the nachrs of caenorhabditis elegans and parasitic nematodes. | nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) play a key role in the normal physiology of nematodes and provide an established target site for anthelmintics. the free-living nematode, caenorhabditis elegans, has a large number of nachr subunit genes in its genome and so provides an experimental model for testing novel anthelmintics which act at these sites. however, many parasitic nematodes lack specific genes present in c. elegans, and so care is required in extrapolating from studies using c. ele ... | 2013 | 23500392 |
| ashworthius sidemi schulz, 1933 and haemonchus contortus (rudolphi, 1803) in cervids in france: integrative approach for species identification. | among gastro-intestinal nematodes, the blood-sucking worms belonging to the subfamily of haemonchinae are considered to be of pathogenic and economic great importance, particularly in small ruminants. haemonchus contortus, primary found in domestic ruminants and wild bovines (mouflon, chamois), is probably the most studied, but occurrence of ashworthius sidemi has gradually increased over recent years, especially in cervids and free roaming wild bovid as the european bison in eastern europe, and ... | 2016 | 27810500 |
| the parasitic fauna of the european bison (bison bonasus) (linnaeus, 1758) and their impact on the conservation. part 1. the summarising list of parasites noted. | during the current century, 88 species of parasites have been recorded in bison bonasus. these are 22 species of protozoa (trypanosoma wrublewskii, t. theileri, giardia sp., sarcocystis cruzi, s. hirsuta, s. hominis, s. fusiformis, neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium sp., eimeria cylindrica, e. subspherica, e. bovis, e. zuernii, e. canadensis, e. ellipsoidalis, e. alabamensis, e. bukidnonensis, e. auburnensis, e. pellita, e. brasiliensis, babesia divergens), 4 trematodes species ... | 2014 | 25119348 |
| the usefulness of dna derived from third stage larvae in the detection of ashworthius sidemi infection in european bison, by a simple polymerase chain reaction. | ashworthius sidemi, a blood-sucking nematode, is a primary parasite of asiatic cervides, primarily sika deer (cervus nippon). as a. sidemi infections are common in bison, red and roe deer, and gastrointestinal nematodes are often exchanged between animals, it is possible that other farm animals such as cows and sheep that may use the same pastures can be infected. hence, histopathological changes observed in the walls of the abomasa and duodena of infected wildlife caused by a strong parasite pr ... | 2014 | 24886355 |
| anthelmintic and antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of euphorbia helioscopia l. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic and antimicrobial efficacy of euphorbia helioscopia crude extracts. a worm motility inhibition assay and egg hatch assay were used for in vitro study, and a faecal egg count reduction assay was used for in vivo study. the in vitro study revealed anthelmintic effects of crude methanolic extracts of e. helioscopia on live haemonchus contortus worms as evident from their paralysis and/or death at 8 h after exposure. different concentrations (12 ... | 2013 | 23065392 |
| bacillus spp. toxicity against haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep fecal cultures. | the gastrointestinal nematode haemonchus contortus is a major productivity constraint in sheep. in this study, the nematicidal effects of bacillus circulans, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, bt. var. osvaldocruzi, bt. var. morrisoni, and bt. var. kurstaki were assessed in free-living larval stages of h. contortus. a spore-crystal suspension containing approximately 2×10(8)ufc/ml of each strain was added to sheep feces that were naturally infected with h. contortus eggs, ... | 2012 | 22728159 |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus circulans against the gastrointestinal nematode haemonchus contortus in sheep. | efficient control of gastrointestinal parasites is necessary in sheep breeding. however, the available chemically based anthelmintics are becoming less effective due to the development of parasite resistance. an alternative to this problem is biological control. in the present study, we tested the larvicidal effect of bacillus circulans by administering a spore suspension (2 × 109 colony forming units/ml) orally to lambs naturally infected with haemonchus contortus. the number of faecal larvae w ... | 2016 | 26693886 |
| larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis cry11aa toxin against haemonchus contortus. | effective control of gastrointestinal parasites is necessary in sheep production. the development of anthelmintics resistance is causing the available chemically based anthelmintics to become less effective. biological control strategies present an alternative to this problem. in the current study, we tested the larvicidal effects of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis cry11aa toxin against haemonchus contortus larvae. bacterial suspensions [2 × 108 colony-forming units (cfu) g-1 of the fece ... | 2016 | 27573677 |
| characterization of cys-loop receptor genes involved in inhibitory amine neurotransmission in parasitic and free living nematodes. | we have isolated two genes, hco-lgc-53 and hco-mod-1, from the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus, which are orthologs of previously characterized genes that encode dopamine and serotonin-gated chloride channels, respectively, in caenorhabditis elegans. a search of transcriptome data for the filarial nematode parasites loa loa, brugia malayi, and wucheria bancrofti revealed predicted coding sequences for orthologs of acetylcholine, serotonin and dopamine-gated chloride channels, which corre ... | 2013 | 23602737 |
| activity of ivermectin long-acting injectable (ivomec(®) gold) in first-season grazing cattle exposed to natural challenge conditions in germany. | the persistent activity of ivermectin long-acting injection (ivm lai; ivomec® gold, merial; 3.15% ivermectin w/v) against nematode infections of cattle was evaluated under natural challenge conditions. seventy nematode-free brown swiss calves were blocked by pre-treatment bodyweight and allocated randomly to seven groups of 10 animals each: saline (control) at 1 ml/50 kg bodyweight once on day 0 or ivm lai at 1 ml/50 kg bodyweight (630 mcg ivm/kg) on either days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35. after ho ... | 2015 | 25280515 |
| gastrointestinal nematode species diversity in soay sheep kept in a natural environment without active parasite control. | molecular methods based on its2 sequence analysis were used to identify strongylid parasites and describe their diversity in a management intervention and anthelmintic drug treatment-free sheep flock. fourteen different nematode parasite species were identified in the flock and the results showed a greater level of nematode species diversity than is normally reported in managed farmed flocks, with the presence of parasites such as bunostomum trigonocephalum, ostertagia leptospicularis, spiculopt ... | 2016 | 27523929 |
| a multiplex pcr-based method to identify strongylid parasite larvae recovered from ovine faecal cultures and/or pasture samples. | a multiplex pcr-based method was developed to overcome the limitations of microscopic examination as a means of identifying individual infective larvae from the wide range of strongylid parasite species commonly encountered in sheep in mixed sheep-cattle grazing situations in new zealand. the strategy employed targets unique species-specific sequence markers in the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) region of ribosomal dna of the nematodes and utilises individual larval lysates as reacti ... | 2014 | 24373513 |
| first description of gastrointestinal nematodes of barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia): the case of camelostrongylus mentulatus as a paradigm of phylogenic and specific relationship between the parasite and its ancient host. | the gastrointestinal helminth fauna of 24 barbary sheep or aoudad (ammotragus lervia sahariensis) maintained in the parque de rescate de la fauna sahariana (prfs, csic, almeria, spain) was analyzed. most animals (87.5 %) were parasitized, and multiple infections were highly present. the following species were identified: camelostrongylus mentulatus, teladorsagia circumcincta, marshallagia marshalli, ostertagia ostertagi, o. leptospicularis, o. lyrata, haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia trifurcat ... | 2013 | 23616093 |
| a field survey on the status of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in hangul (cervus elaphus hanglu) in dachigam national park of kashmir. | one year crossectional survey was carried out to determine and describe the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasite infections in hangul (cervus elaphus hanglu) in dachigam national park of kashmir through faecal examinations. out of 153 faecal samples examined, 82 (53.59 %) were found infected with git helminthes. in present study seven helminth species were found, including five nematode [haemonchus contortus (55.39 %), trichuris ovis (39.75 %), dictyocaulus viviparus (28.4.00 %) ... | 2016 | 27605778 |
| use of fluorescent lectin binding to distinguish eggs of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep. | the binding of a panel of 19 lectins to carbohydrates on the eggs of economically important nematode parasites of sheep has been assessed as the basis of a rapid test to distinguish parasite eggs, at least at the genus level. a total of six lectins can be used to identify eggs of six nematode parasites: peanut agglutinin (pna) for haemonchus contortus; lens culinaris agglutinin (lca) for teladorsagia sp; aleuria aurantia agglutinin (aal) for trichostrongylus sp; psophocarpus tetragonolobus‑ii (p ... | 2016 | 26827865 |
| real-time pcr/dna melting curve-based assay to identify individual strongylid larvae recovered from ovine faecal cultures. | a closed-tube real-time pcr (rt pcr) method was developed to identify individual strongylid nematode larvae recovered from ovine faecal cultures. the method builds on an earlier conventional pcr assay established by our group and similarly targets species-specific sequence motifs in the its-2 region of ribosomal dna. the new procedure combines rt pcr with dna melting curve analyses to identify species-specific amplicons, thus avoiding the need to undertake gel electrophoresis. as with the earlie ... | 2015 | 26526096 |
| establishment rate of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus). | to investigate the establishment of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) in red deer, five red deer and five sheep aged 5-6 months were challenged with a mixed burden of sheep gin at a rate of 327l3/kg bodyweight. the lsmean (se) establishment rates (%) for haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta, cooperia curticei, trichostrongylus spp. and oesophagostomum+chabertia spp. were 18.6 (0.03), 35.5 (0.04), 30.7 (0.04), 74.9 (0.05), 19.9 (0.06), respectively in sheep and 10.5 (0.03), 1.0 (0 ... | 2015 | 25657087 |
| morphological identification of parasitic nematode infective larvae of small ruminants and cattle: a practical lab guide. | in 2004, a new concept was introduced for simplifying identification of larvae of the common nematodes of cattle, sheep and goats that comprises estimates of the lengths of the sheath tail extensions of infective third-stage larvae (l3) of each genus and/or species to that of trichostrongylus spp., instead of having to be dependent only on measurements in micrometre. for example, if the mean length of the sheath tail extension (the extension of the sheath caudad, beyond the caudal tip of the lar ... | 2013 | 23718204 |
| gastrointestinal nematode infections in roe deer (capreolus capreolus) from the nw of the iberian peninsula: assessment of some risk factors. | intestinal contents of 218 roe deer hunted in the northwest (nw) of the iberian peninsula during the 2008-2009 hunting seasons were examined in order to provide information on the gastrointestinal (gi) nematode prevalence and intensity of infection and the possible influence of some environmental and intrinsic factors such as climatic conditions, age and sex. all the animals studied harboured gi nematodes, and a total of 20 different species belonging to ten genera were identified. spiculopterag ... | 2013 | 23433640 |
| the annual population dynamics of gastrointestinal nematodes in breeding sheep of the silesian foothills, southern poland. | the study was carried out on an organic farm. the flock of the sheep (27 individuals) was naturally infected by parasites. the aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. there were found species of 3 nematode families: trichostrongylidae (trichostrongylus spp., ostertagia sp., nematodirus spp., cooperia spp., haemonchus contortus); strongylidae (oesophagostomum spp., strongyloides papillosus, chabertia ovina) and ancylostomatidae (bunostomum sp. ... | 2013 | 24791341 |
| establishment of a robotic, high-throughput platform for the specific diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep. | the accurate diagnosis of strongylid nematode infections is central to investigating their epidemiology and for parasite control. to overcome major limitations in sensitivity or specificity of traditional methods, including faecal egg count (fec) and/or larval culture (lc), we evaluated and established a semi-automated, high throughput multiplexed-tandem pcr (mt-pcr) platform for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal strongylid nematode infections in sheep, and established its diagnostic sensitivity ... | 2012 | 23131681 |
| development of a modified molecular diagnostic procedure for the identification and quantification of naturally occurring strongylid larvae on pastures. | a molecular procedure was developed to detect and quantify larvae of different strongylid parasite species recovered from pasture samples. two lamb flocks (l and s) grazed separate paddocks with different natural larvae challenges (one low [paddock l] and one high [paddock s] challenge) on a commercial farm in western australia. pasture samples were collected and analysed for larvae on 9 separate occasions from each paddock. pregnant merino ewes were sampled on 3 separate occasions (2 pre-partum ... | 2012 | 22877827 |
| helminths of roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in the middle black sea region of turkey. | fifteen roe deer were examined at necropsy from northern turkey in the period 2006-2010 for the helminth infections. totally 6470 helminth specimens were collected and identified by morphological criteria. twenty-five helminth species were identified (1 of the class trematoda, 1 of cestoda and 23 of nematoda). dicrocoelium dendriticum (prevalence 20%) was found in liver. cysticercus tenuicollis (6.6%) was found in mesentery. haemonchus contortus (53.3%), ostertagia leptospicularis (73.3%), o. le ... | 2012 | 22766455 |
| molecular identification of naturally acquired strongylid infections in lambs--an investigation into how lamb age influences diagnostic sensitivity. | faecal samples (n=1155) were collected from n=111 (farm a) and n=124 (farm b) 2-6 week old female lambs on two farms in southern western australia across five sampling occasions (spanning 8 months). genomic dna was extracted directly from faecal samples and screened by pcr for its-2 nuclear ribosomal dna to detect patent strongylid infections, specifically teladorsagia circumcincta, trichostrongylus spp., haemonchus contortus, oesophagostomum spp. and chabertia ovina. the minimum amount of extra ... | 2012 | 22284303 |