| the putative cyclooctadepsipeptide receptor depsiphilin of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum. | the g-protein-coupled receptor hc110-r of haemonchus contortus and its orthologue in caenorhabditis elegans, the latrophilin-like protein 1 (lat-1), were shown to play a role in the mode of action of the new anthelmintic compound emodepside. c. elegans lat-1 knockout mutants showed a decreased paralysing effect of emodepside on the pharyngeal muscle. in the present study, the lat-1 orthologue in the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum was identified and named depsiphilin. to obtain more informat ... | 2009 | 19575230 |
| epidemiology and effects of gastrointestinal nematode infection on milk productions of dairy ewes. | 66 pampinta breed ewes were studied during milking to evaluate the infection and the effect of gastrointestinal nematode on milk production sheep system. naturally infected ewes on pasture were randomly allocated to two groups: tg, suppressively treated group every four weeks with levamisole and ug, untreated group. faecal nematode egg counts and larval differentiation were conducted monthly. successive groups of worm free tracer lambs were grazed with ewes and then slaughtered for worm counts. ... | 2009 | 19585893 |
| effect of fasting sheep for a short period on the efficacy and safety of monepantel. | eighteen, six- to seven-month-old lambs were infected experimentally with larvae of haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta, trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, cooperia curticei and nematodirus spathiger, and allocated to three equal groups. the infections were timed to ensure that fourth-stage larvae were present when groups 1 and 2 were treated orally with monepantel. group 1 was not fed for 24 hours before the treatment, group 2 was fed two hours before the treatme ... | 2009 | 19596676 |
| the complexity of the secreted npa and far lipid-binding protein families of haemonchus contortus revealed by an iterative proteomics-bioinformatics approach. | two different classes of small nematode specific lipid-binding proteins, the nematode polyprotein allergens/antigens (npas) and the fatty acid- and retinol-binding (far) proteins, are secreted by helminth parasites. until now, there was no evidence of the expression or secretion of these two families of proteins in haemonchus contortus. in this study, we applied proteomic and bioinformatic tools in an iterative manner to reveal the expression and complexity of these proteins in the excretory/sec ... | 2009 | 19615410 |
| in vitro selection of haemonchus contortus for benzimidazole resistance reveals a mutation at amino acid 198 of beta-tubulin. | benzimidazoles were the first broad-spectrum anthelmintics and are still in use today against gastro-intestinal nematodes of ruminants such as haemonchus contortus. benzimidazoles block the polymerization of nematode microtubules. however, their efficacy is jeopardized by the spread of drug-resistant parasites that carry point mutations in beta-tubulin. here we use a novel in vitro selection-in vivo propagation protocol to breed drug-resistant h. contortus. after 8 generations of selection with ... | 2009 | 19616042 |
| fast, automated measurement of nematode swimming (thrashing) without morphometry. | the "thrashing assay", in which nematodes are placed in liquid and the frequency of lateral swimming ("thrashing") movements estimated, is a well-established method for measuring motility in the genetic model organism caenorhabditis elegans as well as in parasitic nematodes. it is used as an index of the effects of drugs, chemicals or mutations on motility and has proved useful in identifying mutants affecting behaviour. however, the method is laborious, subject to experimenter error, and theref ... | 2009 | 19619274 |
| anthelmintic effects of prosopis laevigata n-hexanic extract against haemonchus contortus in artificially infected gerbils ( meriones unguiculatus). | the anthelmintic effect of prosopis laevigata (mezquite) n-hexanic extract was evaluated against haemonchus contortus endoparasitic stages in artificially infected gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). prosopis laevigata leaves were collected from the sierra de huautla, ecological reserve of the biosphere, in morelos state, mexico; dehydrated under shade and macerated with n-hexane for 3 days, followed by distillation for 8 h. this procedure was repeated three times and the final extract was kept at ... | 2010 | 19619382 |
| bioseparation and activity of khaya senegalensis fractions against infective larvae of haemonchus contortus. | the anthelmintic constituents of khaya senegalensis (deser.) a. juss (meliaceae) bark extract, previously demonstrated to show both in vitro and in vivo activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep was investigated by chromatographic separation of the crude extract and bioassay of fractions. bioseparation of the crude ethanol (95%) extract was carried out by gradient vacuum liquid chromatographic analysis and thin layer chromatography fingerprinting of eluates. the activity of the fracti ... | 2009 | 19625127 |
| gastro-intestinal nematode infections in goats relative to season, host sex and age from the kashmir valley, india. | the present study aimed to investigate the seasonal epidemiological prevalence of gastro-intestinal nematodes (gins) of goats with respect to sex and age of the host in the kashmir valley from 1 february 2005 to 31 january 2007. a total of 1267 goats were examined [faecal examination: 938 (year 1: 470; year 2: 468); gastro-intestinal (git) examination: 329 (year 1: 175; year 2: 154)]. the overall prevalence of gin infection in these animals was 54.3% (year 1: 54.8%; year 2: 53.8%; p = 0.842). th ... | 2010 | 19627625 |
| resistance of santa ines and crossbred ewes to naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections. | this trial was carried out in piracicaba, são paulo state, brazil, to comparatively evaluate the degree of resistance to naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep of the following genetic groups: purebred santa ines (si), si crossbred with dorper (do x si), ile de france (if x si), suffolk (su x si), and texel (te x si). fifteen ewes from each group were raised indoors until 12 months of age. at this age, they were moved to pasture that was naturally contaminated by nemato ... | 2009 | 19656629 |
| parasitological and clinical responses of lambs experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus (l3) with and without ivermectin treatment. | haemonchus contortus is one of the most important parasites that infects sheep and exerts its pathogenic effects by sucking blood, causing disturbances of organ-functions and thus inducing alterations in various normal physiological parameters. changes in live body weight, faecal egg count, kinetics of circulating eosinophils and pcv value were studied at weekly interval for a period of 84 days in 18 lambs of local breed after infection with a single dose of 5000 h. contortus (l(3)). in the two ... | 2009 | 19683874 |
| in-vitro anthelminthic activity of crude aqueous extracts of aloe ferox, leonotis leonurus and elephantorrhiza elephantina against haemonchus contortus. | aloe ferox (mill), leonotis leonurus (l) r. br; and elephantorrhiza elephantina (burch.) skeels are plants frequently used by resource-limited farmers in the eastern cape province to control gastrointestinal parasites in goats. a study was conducted to validate their anthelminthic activities in-vitro on the egg and larvae of the nematode parasite haemonchus contortus. the crude aqueous extracts of leaves of a. ferox and l. leonurus; and roots of e. elephantina were used. eggs and larvae of the p ... | 2010 | 19693685 |
| vaccination-induced igg response to galalpha1-3galnac glycan epitopes in lambs protected against haemonchus contortus challenge infection. | lambs vaccinated with haemonchus contortus excretory/secretory (es) glycoproteins in combination with the adjuvant alhydrogel are protected against h. contortus challenge infection. using glycan micro-array analysis we showed that serum from such vaccinated lambs contains igg antibodies that recognise the glycan antigen galalpha1-3galnac-r and galnacbeta1-4(fucalpha1-3)glcnac-r. our studies revealed that h. contortus glycoproteins contain galalpha1-3gal-r as well as significant levels of galalph ... | 2010 | 19695255 |
| is the famacha chart suitable for every breed? correlations between famacha scores and different traits of mucosa colour in naturally parasite infected sheep breeds. | infections with gastrointestinal nematodes, in particular haemonchus contortus, are worldwide one of the most important factors causing high economic losses in sheep production. different methods for detecting infections with h. contortus have been described, such as, e.g. the famacha system, which categorises the colour of the conjunctivae from red to pale. when h. contortus is not the predominant parasite, the famacha chart might not be suitable to detect nematode infections, because of the la ... | 2009 | 19699035 |
| daf-7-related tgf-beta homologues from trichostrongyloid nematodes show contrasting life-cycle expression patterns. | the transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) gene family regulates critical processes in animal development, and plays a crucial role in regulating the mammalian immune response. we aimed to identify tgf-beta homologues from 2 laboratory model nematodes (heligmosomoides polygyrus and nippostrongylus brasiliensis) and 2 major parasites of ruminant livestock (haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta). parasite cdna was used as a template for gene-specific pcr and race. homologues of th ... | 2010 | 19712539 |
| the kunitz domain protein bli-5 plays a functionally conserved role in cuticle formation in a diverse range of nematodes. | the cuticle of parasitic nematodes performs many critical functions and is essential for proper development and for protection from the host immune response. the biosynthesis, assembly, modification and turnover of this exoskeleton have been most extensively studied in the free-living nematode, caenorhabditis elegans, where it represents a complex multi-step process involving a whole suite of enzymes. the biosynthesis of the cuticle has an additional level of complexity, as many of the enzymes a ... | 2010 | 19716386 |
| eosinophils in haemonchus contortus-infected resistant and susceptible breeds of sheep: abomasal tissue recruitment and in vitro functional state. | a comparative experimental study was performed between barbados black belly (resistant) and inra-401 (susceptible) breeds of sheep in which primary infection with haemonchus contortus was terminated on day 16. measurements of parasite burden, abomasal tissue eosinophilia, il-4, il-5 and il-13 mrna transcripts in abomasal mucosa, and in vitro larval killing abilities of blood eosinophils were performed. the results show that: (1) worm burden was significantly lower and blood eosinophilia higher i ... | 2009 | 19733438 |
| multiple anthelmintic resistance and the possible contributory factors in beetal goats in an irrigated area (pakistan). | this paper presents the first report of multiple anthelmintic resistance in the gastrointestinal nematodes of goats and its possible contributory factors in an irrigated area (pakistan). a total of 18 privately owned beetal goat flocks were selected in order to determine the anthelmintic resistance against commonly used anthelmintics. forty to 48 animals from each flock were selected according to their weight and egg count. the three anthelmintics viz., oxfendazole, levamisole and ivermectin, we ... | 2010 | 19733870 |
| adjuvant effect of lps and killed propionibacterium acnes on the development of experimental gastrointestinal nematode infestation in sheep. | gastrointestinal helminthic infection is an important worldwide sheep disease. the emergence of anthelminthic resistance has led to drives to seek new means of therapeutic control of helminthiasis in sheep. several data demonstrated the adjuvant effect of propionibacterium acnes on resistance to infection. herein, we evaluate the adjuvant effect of the commercial suspension containing lps and p. acnes on experimental helminthiasis. sheep received three doses of lps and p. acnes commercial suspen ... | 2009 | 19751472 |
| elucidating ants in worms using genomic and bioinformatic tools--biotechnological prospects? | adenine nucleotide translocators (ants) belong to the mitochondrial carrier family (mcf) of proteins. atp production and consumption are tightly linked to ants, the kinetics of which have been proposed to play a key regulatory role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. ants are also recognized as a central component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore associated with apoptosis. although ants have been investigated in a range of vertebrates, including human, mouse and cattle, ... | 2010 | 19770033 |
| [ovicidal and larvicidal activity in vitro of eucalyptus globulus essential oils on haemonchus contortus]. | the objective of this work was to evaluate ovicidal and larvicidal effects of eucalyptus globulus essential oil (egeo) on haemonchus contortus. the chemical composition determination of egeo was through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. egg hatch test (eht) was performed in concentrations 21.75; 17.4; 8.7; 5.43 e 2.71 mg x ml(-1). in larval development test (ldt) were used the concentrations 43.5; 21.75; 10.87; 5.43 e 2.71 mg x ml(-1). each trial was conducted by negative control with tw ... | 2009 | 19772778 |
| validation of the famacha© eye colour chart using sensitivity/specificity analysis on two south african sheep farms. | a validation study of the famacha(©) system for clinical evaluation of anaemia due to haemonchus contortus was conducted on two commercial sheep farms in the summer rainfall region of south africa. in this region, the haemonchus season lasts from october to april. on farm 1 the system was tested over a period of five successive years in consecutive sets of young stud merino replacement rams and ewes examined at intervals of 3-5 weeks over each haemonchus season, under routine farming conditions. ... | 2011 | 19775816 |
| determination of genomic dna sequences for beta-tubulin isotype 1 from multiple species of cyathostomin and detection of resistance alleles in third-stage larvae from horses with naturally acquired infections. | abstract : background : genetic resistance against benzimidazole (bz) anthelmintics is widespread in cyathostomins, the commonest group of intestinal parasitic nematodes of horses. studies of bz-resistant nematodes of sheep, particularly haemonchus contortus, have indicated that an anthelmintic resistance-conferring t/a polymorphism, encoding an f (phenylalanine) to y (tyrosine) substitution, in beta-tubulin isotype 1 is present at two loci, codons 167 and 200 (f167y, f200y). recent studies usin ... | 2009 | 19778467 |
| the efficacy of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in three countries of southern latin america. | the efficacy of the novel anthelmintic, monepantel (an amino-acetonitrile derivative), was investigated in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes in five studies in argentina, brazil, and uruguay. monepantel, administered at 2.5 mg/kg liveweight, was highly effective (>99.7%) against haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia (ostertagia) circumcincta, trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, cooperia curticei, cooperia mcmasteri, cooperia oncophora, cooperia pectinata, c ... | 2009 | 19789895 |
| structural and functional characterisation of the fork head transcription factor-encoding gene, hc-daf-16, from the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus (strongylida). | despite their phylogenetic diversity, parasitic nematodes share attributes of longevity and developmental arrest (=hypobiosis) with free-living nematodes at key points in their life cycles, particularly in larval stages responsible for establishing infection in the host. insulin-like signalling plays crucial roles in the regulation of life span and arrest (=dauer formation) in the free-living nematode, caenorhabditis elegans. insulin-like signalling in c. elegans negatively regulates the fork he ... | 2010 | 19796644 |
| expression of genes in gastrointestinal and lymphatic tissues during parasite infection in sheep genetically resistant or susceptible to trichostrongylus colubriformis and haemonchus contortus. | resistance to an acute gastrointestinal nematode (gin) infection is dependent on the ability of the host to recognise the parasite and mount a protective th2 response. it is hypothesised that lambs which are genetically susceptible to gin will differentially up-regulate th1-type genes and therefore remain susceptible to chronic parasitism compared with genetically resistant lambs which will differentially up-regulate th2-type genes and clear the parasite infection. two selection flocks, in which ... | 2010 | 19825375 |
| the use of dna markers to map anthelmintic resistance loci in an intraspecific cross of haemonchus contortus. | the use of dna markers to track the development of anthelmintic resistance in parasites of livestock would allow informed choices for the management of this important problem. we describe a genetic mapping approach for the discovery of dna markers for anthelmintic resistance in haemonchus contortus. we crossed a multi-drug resistant field isolate of h. contortus with a well-characterized laboratory strain susceptible to 4 drug classes. the f2 were separately selected with 5 anthelmintics from 4 ... | 2010 | 19835651 |
| development and validation of real-time pcr methods for diagnosis of teladorsagia circumcincta and haemonchus contortus in sheep. | parasitic gastroenteritis, a disease caused by parasitic nematodes, is of major concern to the sheep industry and threatens sustainability. traditional methods for diagnosis of the type and level of infection in a sheep flock require laborious laboratory extraction, culture and microscopic examination of eggs or larvae from faecal samples. advances in molecular technology offer the potential for more efficient and reliable methods. this study aimed to develop and test a real-time pcr method for ... | 2009 | 19836895 |
| [sheep trichostrongylidosis in van province]. | this study was performed in the van municipality slaughterhouse from january to december 2001. abomasums and small intestines from a total of 104 sheep were transported to the parasitology laboratory of the veterinary faculty of yüzüncü yil university for parasitological examination. the abomasums and small intestines of the animals were opened with appropriate technique in the laboratory, and male nematodes were collected from the contents of the abomasums and small intestines using a sampling ... | 2009 | 19851969 |
| collagen processing and cuticle formation is catalysed by the astacin metalloprotease dpy-31 in free-living and parasitic nematodes. | the exoskeleton or cuticle performs many key roles in the development and survival of all nematodes. this structure is predominantly collagenous in nature and requires numerous enzymes to properly fold, modify, process and cross-link these essential structural proteins. the cuticle structure and its collagen components are conserved throughout the nematode phylum but differ from the collagenous matrices found in vertebrates. this structure, its formation and the enzymology of nematode cuticle co ... | 2010 | 19883650 |
| genetic variability of haemonchus contortus (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) in alpine ruminant host species. | genetic variability of the ovine parasite haemonchus contortus from the alpine area was investigated using mitochondrial dna (nd4 gene), internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and microsatellites, in order to assess whether cross-transmission between domestic and wild ruminants occurs. the dataset was composed of 78 individual adult male h. contortus collected from chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex), domestic goat (capra hircus) and shee ... | 2010 | 19889245 |
| further characterization of a cattle nematode population with demonstrated resistance to current anthelmintics. | we previously documented the appearance of cattle nematode parasites resistant to avermectins, milbemycin, and a benzimidazole at the end of a grazing season in a backgrounding operation in the upper midwestern us. to further characterize the pattern of drug resistance, we extended the study to (1) monitor the animals over the course of the grazing season; (2) increase the number of animals slaughtered at the end of the season to minimize the effect of potential outlying observations; (3) increa ... | 2009 | 19897305 |
| the effect of sheep breed, age, and gender on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative. | this analysis investigated the influence of breed and gender on the pharmacokinetics of monepantel, and influence of breed, age, and gender on its efficacy against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. in a comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles from two studies, merino lambs had significantly greater maximum concentrations of monepantel and monepantel sulfone, and faster times to reach these concentrations than dorset cross lambs. males had a statistically greater area under the curve (0-504 h) ... | 2010 | 19898870 |
| estimates of genetic parameters for faecal egg count of haemonchus contortus infection and relationship with growth traits in avikalin sheep. | genetic parameters for faecal egg count were estimated in naturally challenged avikalin sheep developed and maintained at central sheep & wool research institute, avikanagar, india, over a period of 4 years (2004-2007). the data on faecal egg count for 433 animals descended from 41 sires, and 151 dams were used for the study. genetic analyses were carried out using restricted maximum likelihood, fitting an animal model and ignoring or including maternal genetic or permanent environmental effects ... | 2010 | 19898999 |
| contrasting genetic structures of two parasitic nematodes, determined on the basis of neutral microsatellite markers and selected anthelmintic resistance markers. | for the first time, the neutral genetic relatedness of natural populations of trichostrongylid nematodes was investigated in relation to polymorphism of the beta-tubulin gene, which is selected for anthelminthic treatments. the aim of the study was to assess the contribution of several evolutionary processes: migration and genetic drift by neutral genetic markers and selection by anthelminthic treatments on the presence of resistance alleles at beta-tubulin. we studied two nematode species (tela ... | 2009 | 19900171 |
| anthelminthic resistance of haemonchus contortus in small ruminants in switzerland and southern germany. | two goat and two sheep flocks have been found to be suspicious of a clinically evident reduced anthelmintic efficacy, i.e. lacking improvement of gastrointestinal disorders, insufficient weight gain and continuing inappetence after anthelmintic treatments. in order to conduct an appropriate evaluation of the efficacy the following trials were performed: the faecal egg count reduction test on the studied goats of the two herds revealed a reduction of the egg-excretion after the eprinomectin-treat ... | 2009 | 19915817 |
| efficacy of copper oxide wire particles against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and goats. | profitable sheep and goat production in the usa is severely limited by gastrointestinal nematode (gin) parasitism, particularly by haemonchus contortus. copper oxide wire particles (cowp) have anti-parasitic properties in the diet of small ruminants, but efficacy of cowp may differ between sheep and goats. in a study with weaned kids (kiko x spanish cross, 6 months old) and lambs (katahdin or dorper x blackface crosses, 5 months old), grazing the same pasture area in central georgia, 2g of cowp ... | 2010 | 19931291 |
| cdna-aflp analysis in levamisole-resistant haemonchus contortus reveals alternative splicing in a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit. | the cdna-aflp (cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism) method comparing transcripts from levamisole-resistant and susceptible haemonchus contortus isolates has led to the successful identification of a number of potentially useful levamisole-resistance markers. in the present study, we report the characterization of the transcript-derived fragment (tdf) named hax which was confirmed to be specifically expressed in three levamisole-resistant isolates by rt-pcr experiments. cloning and sequen ... | 2010 | 19932716 |
| evaluation of three pakistani sheep breeds for their natural resistance to artificial infection of haemonchus contortus. | this study was carried out to evaluate three pakistani sheep breeds (kachhi, lohi and thalli) for their natural resistance against artificial infection of haemonchus contortus. lambs were weaned at 3 months of age, housed in separate pens and treated with avermectin to eliminate gastrointestinal nematode infection. each lamb was infected orally with approximately 10,000 third stage larvae of h. contortus. selected breeds were compared on the basis of parasitological, haematological, biochemical ... | 2010 | 19939567 |
| administration of copper oxide wire particles in a capsule or feed for gastrointestinal nematode control in goats. | widespread anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants has necessitated alternative means of gastrointestinal nematode (gin) control. the objective was to determine the effectiveness of copper oxide wire particles (cowp) administered as a gelatin capsule or in a feed supplement to control gin in goats. in four separate experiments, peri-parturient does (n=36), yearling does (n=25), weaned kids (n=72), and yearling bucks (n=16) were randomly assigned to remain untreated or administered 2g cowp in ... | 2010 | 19945224 |
| alterations in the expression level of a putative aspartic protease in the development of angiostrongylus cantonensis. | aspartic proteases are a family of proteinases with catalytic aspartate residues in the active site. these enzymes have been reported to initialize the degradation of host hemoglobin in blood-feeding helminths. after identifying an expressed sequence tag representing an aspartic protease from an angiostrongylus cantonensis young adult dataset, this sequence was found to encode a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 46 kda. it also showed good homologies to aspartic proteases from caenorhab ... | 2010 | 19945419 |
| overcoming macrocyclic lactone resistance in haemonchus contortus with pulse dosing of levamisole. | the in vivo effect of dosing levamisole as a pulse release within an ivermectin (ivm) controlled-release device (crd) was simulated by periodic dosing of levamisole to haemonchus contortus-infected sheep already treated with an ivm crd. the rationale for this treatment combination arises from the need to find alternative approaches to the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites in livestock in the face of increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance which is now widespread in australia. thirty m ... | 2010 | 19959294 |
| anthelmintic activity of some mediterranean browse plants against parasitic nematodes. | the anthelmintic properties of tannin-rich plants are being explored as an alternative to chemical drugs. most data have been acquired on legume forages, but only few on browse plants. the present study aimed to (i) screen the in vitro effects of extracts from 7 mediterranean plants on haemonchus contortus, (ii) verify the role of tannins using an inhibitor, polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (pvpp) and (iii) verify the in vivo effects of extracts from 4 plants. significant inhibition was shown in vitro ... | 2010 | 19961649 |
| in vivo anthelmintic activity of azadirachta indica a. juss seeds against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. | this paper describes the in vivo anthelmintic activity of azadirachta indica seeds to justify their use in south-asia by traditional animal healers. seeds of a. indica were administered as crude powder (cp), crude aqueous (cae) and crude methanolic extracts (cme) at the doses of 1 and 3g/kg of body weight to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. the study design also included untreated as well as treated controls. faecal egg count reduction and larval counts ... | 2010 | 19963323 |
| effect of feeding mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs. | mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. this study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims. | 2010 | 19969060 |
| design and synthesis of novel insecticides based on the serotonergic ligand 1-[(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine (papp). | 1-[(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazine (papp) is a 5-ht(1a) agonist and was reported to display high affinity for serotonin (5-ht) receptor from the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus . the present investigation explored the possibility of using papp as a lead compound of new insecticides with novel mode of action. on the basis of the papp scaffold, a series of 1-arylmethyl-4-[(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and eval ... | 2010 | 20000410 |
| nematode challenge induces differential expression of oxidant, antioxidant and mucous genes down the longitudinal axis of the sheep gut. | to characterize the role of a range of oxidant, antioxidant and mucous-related genes in the primary response to gastrointestinal nematodes, groups of genetically resistant sheep were challenged with either haemonchus contortus or trichostrongylus colubriformis and necropsied for retrieval of tissue at days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21. to determine if the response was localized to the site of parasite infection, four different gut tissues were sampled: the abomasum, proximal and distal jejunum and ileum. ... | 2010 | 20042006 |
| chemical and biological stability of artemisinin in bovine rumen fluid and its kinetics in goats (capra hircus). | there is a pressing need to develop alternative, natural anthelmintics to control widespread drug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants, such as haemonchus contortus. artemisinin and its semi-synthetic derivatives are widely used against drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum, but their role in veterinary medicine is only emerging. artemisinin may be useful in controlling gastrointestinal parasites including haemonchus. however, no ruminant studies involving artemisinin have been repor ... | 2008 | 20059827 |
| [gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in ewes and lambs raised in são carlos, são paulo]. | gastrointestinal nematode infections were evaluated in santa inês crossbreed sheep (santa inês predominance) in a rotational grazing system and in lambs kept indoors, born from the breeding of these females with purebred santa ines, dorper and suffolk males. fecal egg counts (fec), fecal cultures, packed cell volume (pcv) and weights were evaluated during two years. climate data were registered. only animals that presented fec higher than 4,000 and/or pcv lower than 21% were drenched with anthel ... | 2008 | 20059831 |
| in vitro effect of condensed tannin extract from acacia (acacia mearnsii) on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. | the aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effects of condensed tannin extract from acacia on the feeding of first-stage larvae (l1) of haemonchus contortus, trichostrongylus vitrinus and teladorsagia circumcincta. the experiment was developed such that the inhibition of feeding for each of the nematode species could be evaluated. l1 recovered from fecal samples from a donor with monospecific infection was incubated in several dilutions of acacia extract (ae). the ld50 was determined ... | 2008 | 20059834 |
| modification and further evaluation of a fluorescein-labeled peanut agglutinin test for identification of haemonchus contortus eggs. | gastrointestinal nematodes of the family trichostrongylidae are the most important parasites of sheep, goats and other ruminants worldwide. of this group, haemonchus contortus is usually the most damaging species, particularly in warmer climates or during the summer. it is therefore useful to be able to rapidly differentiate infections with this nematode from other, less pathogenic, species. however, aside from nematodirus spp., there are only subtle differences between the egg morphology within ... | 2010 | 20060646 |
| protein acyltransferase function of purified calreticulin. part 1: characterization of propionylation of protein utilizing propoxycoumarin as the propionyl group donor. | we have earlier reported that an endoplasmic reticulum luminal protein calreticulin (cr) mediated the acetylation of certain receptor proteins such as glutathione s-transferase (gst) by polyphenolic acetates, leading to irreversible inhibition. this function of calreticulin was termed calreticulin transacetylase. in this communication, we have demonstrated for the first time the ability of the purified recombinant calreticulin of a parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus to transfer propionyl gr ... | 2010 | 20071373 |
| effect of repeated wattle tannin drenches on worm burdens, faecal egg counts and egg hatchability during naturally acquired nematode infections in sheep and goats. | in vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of repeated wattle tannin (wt) drenches on faecal egg counts (fec), worm burdens and egg hatchability during a naturally acquired worm infection in sheep and goats. for the in vivo experiment, nematode-infected sheep and goats were orally drenched with wt at a dose of 1.3g and 1.6gwt/kg bodyweight per day for three consecutive days respectively while a control group received a placebo. fec and other worm infection parame ... | 2010 | 20083356 |
| acetate formation in the energy metabolism of parasitic helminths and protists. | formation and excretion of acetate as a metabolic end product of energy metabolism occurs in many protist and helminth parasites, such as the parasitic helminths fasciola hepatica, haemonchus contortus and ascaris suum, and the protist parasites, giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica, trichomonas vaginalis as well as trypanosoma and leishmania spp. in all of these parasites acetate is a main end product of their energy metabolism, whereas acetate formation does not occur in their mammalian host ... | 2010 | 20085767 |
| in vitro anthelmintic activity of combretum molle (r. br. ex g. don) (combretaceae) against haemonchus contortus ova and larvae. | parasitic nematodes, especially haemonchus contortus (rudolphi), are among the most common and economically important causes of disease in sheep and goats owned by pastoralists and small holder farmers in africa. the control of these infections relies mainly on the use of anthelmintic drugs. however, herbal preparations are widely used by pastoralists and small holder farmers for the treatment of their livestock against helminth parasites. the anthelmintic effect of acetone leaf extract and frac ... | 2010 | 20097010 |
| lysine-scanning mutagenesis reveals an amendable face of the cyclotide kalata b1 for the optimization of nematocidal activity. | cyclotides are a family of macrocyclic peptides that combine the unique features of a head-to-tail cyclic backbone and a cystine knot motif, the combination of which imparts them with extraordinary stability. the prototypic cyclotide kalata b1 is toxic against two economically important gastrointestinal nematode parasites of sheep, haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis. a lysine scan was conducted to examine the effect of the incorporation of positive charges into the kalata b1 ... | 2010 | 20103593 |
| calreticulin transacylase: genesis, mechanism of action and biological applications. | our earlier investigations have identified a unique enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) termed acetoxy drug: protein transacetylase (taase) catalyzing the transfer of acetyl group from polyphenolic acetates (pa) to certain receptor proteins (rp). an elegant assay procedure for taase was developed based on the inhibition of glutathione s-transferase (gst) due to acetylation by a model acetoxycoumarin, 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin (damc). taase purified from various mammalian tissue micros ... | 2010 | 20109516 |
| in vitro effects of tabernaemontana citrifolia extracts on haemonchus contortus. | tabernaemontana citrifolia (apocynaceae) is traditionally used as an anthelmintic preparation for ruminants in guadeloupe (french west indies). this study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of this plant against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants haemonchus contortus. three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and dichloromethane) of t. citrifolia fruit, leaf and root were tested on four developmental stages of the parasite, using egg hatch assay (eha), larval development assay (lda ... | 2010 | 20117808 |
| vertical migration of haemonchus contortus infective larvae on cynodon dactylon and paspalum notatum pastures in response to climatic conditions. | observations were made on vertical migration patterns of haemonchus contortus infective larvae on cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass) and paspalum notatum (bahiagrass) pastures under summer climatic conditions typical of east texas. ten thousand h. contortus infective larvae (l3) were introduced to 100 cm(2) subplots of each pasture species within a plot area of 1m(2). subplots were inoculated with larvae by applying them in an aqueous medium to the soil or mat beneath the vegetation. herbage from t ... | 2010 | 20149541 |
| characterization of a caenorhabditis elegans glc seven-like phosphatase (gsp) orthologue from haemonchus contortus (nematoda). | a full-length complementary dna (cdna; designated hc-stp-1) encoding a serine/threonine phosphatase (hc-stp-1) was isolated from haemonchus contortus, a strongylid nematode parasite of small ruminants. hc-stp-1 was shown to be transcribed in males of both adults and fourth-stage larvae, but not in females, early larval stages or eggs. the full-length gene (2854 bp) contained ten exons and nine introns, and encoded a cdna of 951 bp. comparisons of the conceptually translated protein (316 amino ac ... | 2010 | 20153820 |
| the control of inhibited fourth-stage larvae of haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia spp. in sheep in australia with monepantel. | monepantel is the first molecule from the amino-acetonitrile derivatives to be developed for controlling gastro-intestinal nematodes in sheep. two studies were undertaken to examine the drug's efficacy against inhibited fourth-stage larvae of haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia spp. in sheep when administered as an oral solution at 2.5mg/kg bodyweight. in study 1, efficacy was 99.7% against h. contortus (p<0.0001) and in study 2, 99.8% against teladorsagia spp. (p<0.0001). this population cons ... | 2010 | 20153932 |
| immune cell kinetics in the ovine abomasal mucosa following hyperimmunization and challenge with haemonchus contortus. | sheep were sensitized by repeated infection with haemonchus contortus l3, followed by a 12 week rest period, and an abomasal cannula was surgically implanted in all sheep. seven of the sensitized sheep were subsequently challenged with 50 000 h. contortus l3 while 4 control sheep were challenged with saline. biopsy samples were taken using a fibreoptic endoscope on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 28 after challenge and leukocyte subpopulations quantified by (immuno)histology. differential blood cell c ... | 2010 | 20167198 |
| ovicidal and larvicidal activity of crude extracts of melia azedarach against haemonchus contortus (strongylida). | the rapid development of anthelmintic resistance, associated with the high cost of the available anthelmintic drugs, has limited the success of gastrointestinal nematodiosis control in sheep and goats and thus created interest in studying medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. the aim of this study was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the leaves and seed aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of melia azedarach l. (meliaceae) were tested for in vitro ovicid ... | 2010 | 20177909 |
| an unc-49 gaba receptor subunit from the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus is associated with enhanced gaba sensitivity in nematode heteromeric channels. | we have identified two genes from the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus, hco-unc-49b and hco-unc-49c that encode two gaba-gated chloride channel subunits. electrophysiological analysis revealed that this channel has properties similar to those of the unc-49 channel from the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. for example, the hco-unc-49b subunit forms a functional homomeric channel that responds to gaba and is highly sensitive to picrotoxin. hco-unc-49c alone does not respond to g ... | 2010 | 20180830 |
| the accuracy of the famacha-method in detecting anaemia and haemonchosis in goat flocks in switzerland under field conditions. | in this study, goats from six farms in central switzerland were examined for the evaluation of the famacha-method under middle european conditions. individual faecal egg counts were determined at a 4-week interval for a period of 6 months and the gastrointestinal nematode (gin) genera were differentiated using larval culture. simultaneously, the goats were bled for packed cell volume (pcv) determination and scored for anaemia of the conjunctiva according to the famacha-method. the three methods ... | 2010 | 20188478 |
| quarantine treatment of sheep with monepantel--rapidity of fecal egg count reduction. | in the presence of multiple anthelmintic resistance, effective quarantine treatment of sheep entering a farm has become a crucial tool in nematode management. in the present work, the use of the amino-acetonitrile derivative, monepantel as a quarantine treatment was investigated. of special interest was the rapidity of decrease in fecal egg counts (fec) compared to other anthelmintics used in sheep. in three different studies, sheep were either infected with haemonchus contortus of known resista ... | 2010 | 20207487 |
| monosaccharide composition of fundic and duodenal mucins in sheep infected with haemonchus contortus or teladorsagia circumcincta. | the effects on the monosaccharide composition of fundic and duodenal mucins of parasitism by haemonchus contortus or teladorsagia circumcincta were investigated in sheep at 4, 6 and 9 months of age. infected sheep were euthanased at days 21 and 28 post-infection respectively, together with uninfected controls. fundic and duodenal mucins were purified by gel filtration and cscl density gradient centrifugation and monosaccharides were released by heating at 95 degrees c for 6h in 2m hcl. thin-laye ... | 2010 | 20211529 |
| association of ion-channel genotype and macrocyclic lactone sensitivity traits in haemonchus contortus. | resistance to macrocyclic lactones in the strongylid parasite of sheep, haemonchus contortus, is associated with specific alleles of several genes, including those encoding ligand-gated chloride-channels. while previous functional studies of the ion-channels encoded by these resistant alleles have revealed alterations in ligand binding and response to the anthelmintics, we still do not know how these alleles are contributing to resistance in vivo. to understand the phenomenon of anthelmintic res ... | 2010 | 20211658 |
| cyclotide interactions with the nematode external surface. | cyclotides are a large family of cyclic cystine knot-containing plant peptides that have anthelminthic activities against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. in this study, we investigated the interaction of the prototypic cyclotide kalata b1 with the external surface of h. contortus larvae and adult worms. we show that cyclotides do not need to be ingested by the worms to exert their toxic effects but that an interaction wi ... | 2010 | 20211894 |
| haemonchus contortus: cloning and characterization of serpin. | the serpin gene of haemonchus contortus (hc-serpin) was cloned and characterized in this study. specific primers for rapid amplification cdna ends (race) were designed based on the expression sequence tag (est, bm173953) to amplify the 3'- and 5'-ends of hc-serpin. the full length of the cdna of this gene was obtained by overlapping the sequences of 3'- and 5'-extremities and amplification by reverse transcription-pcr. the biochemical activities of the recombinant protein (rhc-serpin), which was ... | 2010 | 20214897 |
| an ortholog of the ecdysone receptor protein (ecr) from the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. | high concentrations (> or =4.2mm) of 20e inhibit the development of haemonchus contortus eggs to the l3 larval stage. we report the cloning of cdna encoding an ecr ortholog (hcecr) from h. contortus mrna expressed during l3. phylogenetically, this and the putative ecr from brugia malayi form a separate branch between arthropod ecrs and liver x receptors. two isoforms of hcecr differ in the inclusion/omission of a 3-residue segment in the a/b domain. single nucleotide polymorphisms at 49 position ... | 2010 | 20226216 |
| maternal transference of passive humoral immunity to haemonchus contortus in goats. | this study evaluated the transference of maternal-specific antibodies against haemonchus contortus and the humoral immune response of 32 goat kids to natural infection by the parasite, from birth to 5 months of age. all serum samples collected immediately after birth and before colostrum ingestion were negative for h. contortus antibodies, as demonstrated by elisa. however, 30 and 60 days after colostrum and milk ingestion, antibody detection was positive and faecal egg count (fec) was negative, ... | 2010 | 20236709 |
| prevalence and distribution of gastrointestinal nematodes on 32 organic and conventional commercial sheep farms in ontario and quebec, canada (2006-2008). | in order to characterize the epidemiology of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in organic and conventional flocks in canada, a longitudinal study was carried out from may 2006 to march 2008 on 32 purposively selected farms in ontario (on) and quebec (qc): 8 certified organic (co), 16 non-certified organic (nco), and 8 conventional (c) farms. on each farm, 10 ewes and 10 female lambs were selected. farm visits were undertaken monthly during the grazing season, and twice in the winter. at each visi ... | 2010 | 20236769 |
| efficacy of duddingtonia flagrans and arthrobotrys robusta in controlling sheep parasitic gastroenteritis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of formulations of sodium alginate matrix (pellets) of the nematode predatory fungi, duddingtonia flagrans (ac001 isolate) and arthrobotrys robusta (i-31 isolate), in the biological control of sheep gastrointestinal nematode infections. thirty young bergamacia ewes were allocated into three groups: in group 1 (control), the animals received 2 g/10 kg of live weight (l.w.) of pellets without fungus; in group 2, each animal received 2 g/10 kg of l ... | 2010 | 20237801 |
| haemonchus contortus infestation in lambs. | | 1947 | 20262438 |
| drug target prediction and prioritization: using orthology to predict essentiality in parasite genomes. | new drug targets are urgently needed for parasites of socio-economic importance. genes that are essential for parasite survival are highly desirable targets, but information on these genes is lacking, as gene knockouts or knockdowns are difficult to perform in many species of parasites. we examined the applicability of large-scale essentiality information from four model eukaryotes, caenorhabditis elegans, drosophila melanogaster, mus musculus and saccharomyces cerevisiae, to discover essential ... | 2010 | 20361874 |
| a vacuolar-type proton (h+) translocating atpase alpha subunit encoded by the hc-vha-6 gene of haemonchus contortus. | in the present study, a full-length cdna (designated hc-vha-6) inferred to encode an alpha subunit of a vacuolar-type proton translocating adenosine triphosphatase (v-atpase) was isolated from the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus, and characterized. the transcript for hc-vha-6 was detected in all developmental stages and both sexes of h. contortus. elements, including two tata box (tataa), two inverted caat box (attgg), five e box (canntg) and six gata as well as five inverse gata (ttatc) ... | 2010 | 20362051 |
| biological characterization and pathogenicity of three haemonchus contortus isolates in primary infections in lambs. | the biological characterization and differential pathogenicity of three isolates of haemonchus contortus, one autochthonous (aran 99) and two allochthonous (moredun research institute, mri, and merck sharp and dohme, msd) were studied by primary experimental infection of manchego lambs. thus, six female lambs (5.5 months old) were infected with 12,000 l3 larvae of each helminth isolate. parasitological (pre-patent period, parasite egg shedding dynamics), biopathological (packed cell volume (pcv) ... | 2010 | 20363563 |
| resistance and resilience of west african dwarf goats of the nigerian savanna zone exposed to experimental escalating primary and challenge infections with haemonchus contortus. | we assessed the resilience and resistance to infection with haemonchus contortus of savanna west african dwarf (wad) goats from northern nigeria. adult male goats (n=32) were given an escalating immunizing infection, comprising 5 weekly infections with increasing numbers of larvae. on day (d) 56 they were segregated into low (lfec) and high (hfec) faecal egg count phenotypes, and within each phenotype 7 goats were treated with anthelmintic and seven received no treatment. four goats were culled ... | 2010 | 20378252 |
| detection of quantitative trait loci for internal parasite resistance in sheep. i. linkage analysis in a romney x merino sheep backcross population. | this study aimed to identify putative quantitative trait loci (qtl) that significantly affect internal parasite resistance in a backcross sheep population. a romney x merino backcross (to merino) flock was challenged in 3 separate infections with trichostrongylus colubriformis (primary and secondary) and haemonchus contortus (tertiary). haematological parameters were measured and faecal worm egg counts (fwec) were established to estimate parasite burden. qtl mapping was conducted for fwec and fo ... | 2010 | 20388239 |
| effect of route of administration on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of an experimental formulation of the amino-acetonitrile derivative monepantel in sheep. | the effect of the route of administration (oral, intraruminal and intra-abomasal) on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of the new anthelmintic monepantel in sheep was investigated. the target nematodes were fourth-stage haemonchus contortus, teladorsagia circumcincta, trichostrongylus colubriformis and cooperia curticei. a clear difference in efficacy was identified between the routes of administration, although the difference did not consistently reach statistical significance; oral treatment w ... | 2010 | 20400740 |
| growth and meat quality of kids of indigenous greek goats (capra prisca) as influenced by dietary protein and gastrointestinal nematode challenge. | the effect of dietary protein and gastrointestinal nematode (gin) parasitism on growth and meat quality of growing kids was assessed using sixty (60) kids in three groups (n=20); a: control, b: regularly treated with albendazole((r)) and c: supplemented with dietary protein. the kids grazed in a pasture contaminated with l3 larvae of gin. growth and condition score were assessed at 21-day intervals. after 86days all kids were slaughtered. carcasses were assessed for conformation, fatness, ultima ... | 2009 | 20416724 |
| [red stomach worm]. | | 2010 | 20419878 |
| differences in transcription between free-living and co2-activated third-stage larvae of haemonchus contortus. | the disease caused by haemonchus contortus, a blood-feeding nematode of small ruminants, is of major economic importance worldwide. the infective third-stage larva (l3) of this gastric nematode is enclosed in a cuticle (sheath) and, once ingested with herbage by the host, undergoes an exsheathment process that marks the transition from the free-living (l3) to the parasitic (xl3) stage. this study explored changes in gene transcription associated with this transition and predicted, based on compa ... | 2010 | 20420710 |
| the gene structure and promoter region of the vaccine target aminopeptidase h11 from the blood-sucking nematode parasite of ruminants, haemonchus contortus. | aminopeptidase h11, an integral membrane glycoprotein present only in the gut of haemonchus contortus, could provide substantial protection as shown by 90% reduction in fecal egg counts, while its recombinant version expressed in e. coli induced little. to investigate the characteristics further, we amplified mrna of h11 gene via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, followed by isolation of its 1,517-bp 5'-flanking region and determination of its genomic organization. the h11 gene co ... | 2010 | 20437190 |
| flubendazole metabolism and biotransformation enzymes activities in healthy sheep and sheep with haemonchosis. | the aim of this project was to study the influence of haemonchosis, a common parasitic infection of small ruminants caused by haemonchus contortus, on the activity of biotransformation enzymes and on in vitro flubendazole (flu) biotransformation in liver and small intestine of lambs (ovis aries). twelve lambs were divided into three groups: non-infected animals, animals orally infected with larvae of h. contortus ise strain for 7 weeks and for 11 weeks. at the end of the experiment, hepatic and ... | 2010 | 20444026 |
| efficacy of an orange oil emulsion as an anthelmintic against haemonchus contortus in gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) and in sheep. | haemonchus contortus is a blood-sucking abomasal parasite responsible for major losses to small ruminant producers worldwide. the recent increase in populations of anthelmintic resistant parasites has produced a demand for alternative control methods. an orange oil emulsion that has shown activity against plant parasitic nematodes and h. contortus in vitro was assessed for activity against h. contortus in a gerbil model and in the natural ovine host. in gerbil experiments, animals were infected ... | 2010 | 20452126 |
| characterization of a novel tyramine-gated chloride channel from haemonchus contortus. | tyramine (ta), a trace amine, is becoming accepted as a main stream neurotransmitter in invertebrates. recent evidence indicates that part of the function of ta in nematodes involves a novel receptor (cel-lgc-55) from the ligand-gated chloride channel class of ionotropic receptors. however, the role of ta or its receptors in the biology of nematode parasites is limited. haemonchus contortus is a deadly parasitic worm which causes significant economic burden in the production of small ruminants i ... | 2010 | 20471431 |
| substrate specificity of the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase of the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus. | thioredoxin reductase (trxr) is an evolutionary diverse enzyme. in higher eukaryotes, trxr contains a selenocysteine in the active site which confers high activity and a broad substrate range. the parasitic nematode haemonchus contortus contains two trxrs, a cytoplasmic enzyme hctrxr1 with a selenocysteine in the active site (gly-cys-secys-gly), similar to the mammalian trxr, and a mitochondrial enzyme hctrxr2 with a gly-cyc-cys-gly active site which is unique to nematodes. both enzymes were clo ... | 2010 | 20495929 |
| attempts to immunize sheep against haemonchus contortus using a cocktail of recombinant proteases derived from the protective antigen, h-gal-gp. | the objective of this study was to determine whether an antigen cocktail containing recombinantly expressed versions of most of the protective proteases of h-gal-gp, a known protective antigen from haemonchus contortus, would confer any protection to lambs in a vaccine-challenge trial. haemonchus contortus metalloendopeptidases, mep1, mep3 and mep4, were expressed as soluble recombinant proteins in insect cells, but attempts to express the h. contortus aspartyl proteases, pep1 and pep2, by the s ... | 2010 | 20500672 |
| genetic diversity of levamisole receptor subunits in parasitic nematode species and abbreviated transcripts associated with resistance. | the molecular mechanisms of levamisole (lev) activity and expression of resistance remain largely unknown in parasitic nematodes. in contrast, genetic screens for mutants that survive exposure to lev in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans have led to the identification of five genes (unc-38, unc-63, unc-29, lev-1 and lev-8) that encode a lev-sensitive acetylcholine receptor (l-achr). loss of these genes leads to lev resistance. in this study, orthologues of these genes were identifie ... | 2010 | 20531256 |
| gastrointestinal helminthiasis: prevalence and associated determinants in domestic ruminants of district toba tek singh, punjab, pakistan. | the objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and associated determinants (e.g., sex, age, on-farm management and husbandry) of gastrointestinal (gi) helminths in the domestic animals of district toba tek singh, punjab, pakistan. for this purpose, 1,140 cattle, 1,140 buffaloes, 660 goats, 840 sheep, and 156 camels were randomly selected and their fecal samples were screened every other week for a year using a modified floatation technique. the samples positive for strongyle- ... | 2010 | 20532913 |
| biochemical characterization of two purified proteins of the ib-16 bacillus thuringiensis strains and their toxicity against the sheep nematode haemonchus contortus in vitro. | the aim of this study was to characterize the biochemical composition of two main ib-16 bacillus thuringiensis proteins and to determine their toxicity on the blood-feeder nematode, haemonchus contortus. the soluble toxin of ib-16 strain of b. thuringiensis produces five main bands of proteins, the chemical composition of which might play an important role on the lethal activity. two bands of proteins around 25 and 70 kda were chosen and purified by hplc using a hydrogel column and sephadex-bead ... | 2010 | 20537121 |
| neutrophil oxidative metabolism and haemogram of sheep experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus and supplemented with selenium and vitamin e. | the objective of this study was to evaluate neutrophil oxidative metabolism and haemogram in sheep experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus and supplemented with selenium and vitamin e. twenty male corriedale sheep were utilised and distributed into four experimental groups each with five animals infected with larvae: g1--supplemented with sodium selenite, 0.2 mg/kg body weight (bw) given intramuscularly (im); g2--supplemented with sodium selenite and vitamin e, 0.2 mg/kg bw and 2000 iu ... | 2010 | 20546075 |
| effect of feeding bioactive forages on infection and subsequent development of haemonchus contortus in lamb faeces. | contrasting dried herbage diets were offered to lambs to evaluate their effects on haemonchus contortus infection and on subsequent development of larvae in faeces. artificially infected lambs (n=24, 4 months old) were allocated to one of four treatment groups (n=6) and fed on hay of lucerne (medicago sativa; lu), sulla (hedysarum coronarium; su), sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia; sa) or wormwood (artemisia absinthium; wo) included as 20% in ground lucerne pellets. while voluntary intake was simi ... | 2010 | 20554118 |
| drug resistance is affected by colocalization of p-glycoproteins in raft-like structures unexpected in eggshells of the nematode haemonchus contortus. | in nematodes as in other eukaryotes, there is increasing evidence that drug resistance depends on both changes in the drug cellular targets and in nonspecific mechanisms, involving cellular detoxification by efflux pumps. in vertebrates, p-glycoproteins (pgp) are membrane efflux pumps responsible for the elimination of xenobiotic agents, especially drugs. we previously reported the presence of pgp pumps in eggshells and cuticles of the nematode haemonchus contortus. eggshells and cuticles are di ... | 2010 | 20555388 |
| glutamate synthase, but not gaba shunt enzymes, contributes to nitrogen metabolism of the sheep abomasal nematode parasites haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta. | glutamate synthase (e.c. 1.4.1.14) (gogat) activity was not detectable in l3 haemonchus contortus, but was present in l3 teladorsagia circumcincta and adult worms of both species. gogat activity was inhibited by 80% by azaserine. activity (nmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein) was 33-59 in adult h. contortus, 51-91 in adult t. circumcincta and 24-41 in l3 t. circumcincta, probably depending on exposure to ammonia, as incubation with 1mm nh(4)cl doubled gogat activity. the ph optimum was 7.5 in both speci ... | 2011 | 20576519 |
| differences in immune parameters are associated with resistance to haemonchus contortus in caribbean hair sheep. | caribbean hair sheep are more resistant to gastrointestinal nematodes than conventional wool breeds, but mechanisms that confer resistance are not fully understood. this study compared immune effector cell populations and antibody concentrations in 12 hair and 12 wool lambs infected with the abomasal parasite haemonchus contortus and sacrificed at 3 or 27 days post-infection (p.i.) and 14 uninfected animals of each breed. faecal egg counts were over 2.5-fold higher (p = 0.12) and packed cell vol ... | 2010 | 20591119 |
| effect of a tropical tannin-rich plant lysiloma latisiliquum on adult populations of haemonchus contortus in sheep. | bioactive plants with anthelmintic (ah) properties represent a promising alternative solution to chemical treatments. the ah effect of several mexican tannin-rich (tr) plants has been screened in vitro. the in vivo ah effect of one tr legume, lysiloma latisiliquum (tzalam) on nematode larval establishment was confirmed. the present trial aimed at evaluating the direct and indirect effects of l. latisiliquum fodder consumption on adult haemonchus contortus. twenty-two parasite-naïve hair sheep la ... | 2010 | 20605336 |
| interference with p-glycoprotein improves ivermectin activity against adult resistant nematodes in sheep. | the in vivo co-administration of ivermectin (ivm) with p-glycoprotein (p-gp) modulator agents has been shown to enhance its systemic availability. however, there is no sufficient evidence on the impact that this type of drug-drug interaction may have on the in vivo efficacy against resistant nematodes in ruminant species. the current work reports on the effects of loperamide (lpm), a p-gp modulating agent, on both ivm kinetic behaviour and anthelmintic activity in infected lambs. eighteen (18) l ... | 2010 | 20605686 |