Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the ferret (mustela putorius furo) as an experimental host for brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. | ferrets inoculated subcutaneously with 150--200 infective larvae of brugia malayi (subperiodic strain) usually developed patent infection during the 3rd month post inoculation. microfilaremia was transient, and most animals became amicrofilaremic after the 6th month of infection. ferrets developed a persistent eosinophilia at the time of patency. at necropsy, 5--8 months post infection, adult worms were recovered principally from lymphatic vessels and recovery ranged from 0.5--13% of the inocula ... | 1982 | 7102908 |
| thymidine kinase activity and thymidine salvage in adult brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis. | cytosolic thymidine kinase (ec 2.7.1.75), the initial enzyme in the thymidine salvage pathway, was detected in crude homogenates of adult female brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis, with respective specific activities of 100 and 460 nmol/h/mg protein. partially purified filarial thymidine kinases were found to have molecular weights of approximately 180 000, to be most active in the presence of mg2+ and atp, to have a sharp ph optimum (ph 7.0) and to be heat-labile in the absence of added thy ... | 1982 | 7110198 |
| a diffusion chamber technique for detecting compounds with clinical prophylactic activity against brugia pahangi. | a new technique for examining the clinical prophylactic activity of antifilarial agents against brugia pahangi is described. third stage larvae were confined within diffusion chambers before intraperitoneal implantation into jirds. such larvae developed normally within the chambers for 14 days when compared with infections in which larvae were allowed to grow freely within the peritoneal cavity. after this time conditions inside the chambers deteriorated and larval growth was inhibited. larval r ... | 1982 | 7112685 |
| life cycle of brugia pahangi (nematoda) in nude mice, c3h/hen (nu/nu). | the development of brugia pahangi (nematoda: filarioidea) was studied in nude (congenitally athymic) mice c3h/hen (nu/nu) and in their phenotypically normal littermates (nu/+). nude mice were highly susceptible to this parasite. as in the natural host (the cat), the nematodes' third molt in nude mice occurred at 7 to 10 days. the final molt occurred at about 24 days for male worms and 33 days for female worms. adult worms were smaller than those from other hosts, such as the cat. after inoculati ... | 1982 | 7119985 |
| the effects of some avermectins on the growth of brugia pahangi. | the effects of 10 different avermectins upon the development of brugia pahangi in jirds was studied. three of these were shown to inhibit the development of the worm to the adult form but this appeared to be at least partially reversible. the females were more severely affected than males. the commercially available compound ivermectin had no effect under these conditions. | 1982 | 7121142 |
| infectivity of jird-passaged and dog-passaged strains of brugia pahangi (nematoda: filarioidea). | 1982 | 7131206 | |
| ultrastructural aspects of brugia pahangi infective larvae. | 1982 | 7147016 | |
| in vitro cultivation of brugia malayi and brugia pahangi infective larvae to fourth and fifth stage. | 1982 | 7179425 | |
| serum-mediated adherence of feline granulocytes to microfilariae of brugia pahangi in vitro: variations with parasite maturation. | feline eosinophils and neutrophils readily adhered in vitro to the sheaths of microfilariae of brugia pahangi in the presence of suitable serum. both cell types flattened along the surface of the parasite undergoing cytoplasmic changes which included degranulation. adherence was dependent on properties of both the serum and the history of the microfilaria used. two types of serum factor were found to mediate adherence. heat labile factors were present in sera from infected and uninfected cats as ... | 1981 | 7194469 |
| brugia pahangi: development in aedes aegypti reared axenically on a defined synthetic diet. | 1981 | 7202630 | |
| evidence for increased susceptibility of brugia pahangi-infected jirds (meriones unguiculatus) to subsequent homologous infections. | the effect of existing brugia pahangi infections on the establishment of a subsequent population was studied using jirds which had pre-challenge infections of 4 and 8 months duration. necropsies were performed 28 days post-challenge inoculation in order to separate challenge and initial worm populations. the results indicate that existing infections of 4 or 8 months duration increase the susceptibility to subsequent homologous infections. the location of challenge population worms in tissue site ... | 1980 | 7217644 |
| the anthelmintic effects of albendazole on brugia pahangi. | 1980 | 7217649 | |
| chemoprophylactic activity of flubendazole against adult brugia pahangi transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of jirds. | jirds were treated by the subcutaneous injection of 100 mg flubendazole per kilogram. they were infected subsequently by the implantation of adult brugia pahangi intraperitoneally at different times. no adult worms survived in jirds treated 9 wk before infection. thereafter, increasing numbers of adult worms survived so tht by 21 wk there were almost as many worms in the treated jirds as in untreated controls. | 1980 | 7218115 |
| studies on the liverpool and malaysian strans of aedes (finlaya) togoi. | comparative studies of vector efficiency were done with the liverpool and malaysian strains of aedes (finlaya) togoi for subperiodic brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. the malaysian strain of a. togoi was found to take in fewer microfilariae under the same experimental conditions than the liverpool strain. also, for various microfilarial densities in the host's peripheral blood, the malaysian strain had less mean infective larvae per fed mosquito than the liverpool strain. the microfilarial intak ... | 1980 | 7221700 |
| hemolytic complement and its components in syrian hamsters: a study of five strains uninfected and infected with brugia pahangi. | complement profiles were tested in outbred (lvg) syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) and compared to the mha, lhc, pd4, and cb inbred strains. the total c and c component concentrations in the sera varied among the strains and were in the following ranges in untreated animals (in ch50 units per ml): total c, 140-260 (undetectable in pd4 and cb); cl, 14,000-25,000; c2, 200-800 (except pd 4 and cb); c3, 40,000 and 80,000; c4, 2,000-2,800 (except pd4 and cb); c4, 40,000-80,000; c6, 3,600-6,000 ( ... | 1981 | 7223531 |
| anthelmintic effects of oxibendazole on brugia pahangi. | 1981 | 7229811 | |
| involvement of tetrahydrofolate cofactors in de novo purine ribonucleotide synthesis by adult brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis. | adult brugia pahangi in vitro, unlike mouse leukemia l1210 cells, converted 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (ch3fh4) directly to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and thence to other fh4 cofactors. the excreted co2 that was derived from ch3fh4 was due to the presence within the filariae of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ec 1.5.1.6) which catalyzes the deformylation of 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate. adult b. pahangi and dirofilaria immitis, incubated in a purine-free medium containing [5-14c]ch3fh4 ... | 1981 | 7242566 |
| synthesis of ubiquinone 9 by adult brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis: evidence against its involvement in the oxidation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. | among various ubiquinone (q) isoprenologues tested, only q7 was more efficient than menadione in promoting the oxidation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (ch3fh4) by 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase isolated from adult brugia pahangi, whereas q10 was the best cofactor in the same reaction catalysed by the analogous enzyme from adult dirofilaria immitis. menoctone (3-[1-cyclohexyloctyl] -2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) was a strong competitive inhibitor of both these ubiquinone isoprenologues in ... | 1981 | 7242567 |
| the use of aceto-orcein-stained squash preparations for enumeration of nuclei in microfilariae of various filarial parasites. | the nuclear numbers of situated between the cephalic space and the nerve ring (cs-nr) in the microfilariae of six filarial species were examined. for the counting of nuclei, aceto-orcein squashing preparations were used. this procedure revealed nuclei clearly visible under the phase-contrast microscope. the mean number of nuclei in the cs-nr region was very similar between brugia pahangi and b. malayi, but was statistically different between onchocerca volvulus and o. gutturosa. in the microfila ... | 1981 | 7258480 |
| pathological changes in kidneys, livers and spleens of brugia pahangi-infected jirds (meriones unguiculatus). | the major organs, other than lymphatics, of jirds (meriones unguiculatus) with prepatent and chronic patent infections of brugia pahangi were studied by standard histological, electron microscopical and fluorescent antibody techniques. changes observed and not previously described in detail or in large numbers of animals are reported. multifocal non-suppurative interstitial nephritis was observed in 4% on animals with patent infections of 163 days duration and in 69% of animals with patent infec ... | 1981 | 7264273 |
| sequential determination of circulating immune complexes in experimental filariasis. | levels of circulating immune complexes were measured in jirds (meriones unguiculatus) infected with the filarial nematode brugia pahangi during an 11-month infection. using 16 infected and 8 control animals, we found three general trends, which correspond to events in the life cycle of the filarial worm in the host, in all individually infected jirds. these were (i) an initial peak of immune complexes at 2 weeks postinfection, (ii) a drop to a minimum postinfection value near the beginning of pa ... | 1981 | 7298177 |
| isoprenoid biosynthesis in adult brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis. | the ability of adult b. pahangi and d. immitis to utilize [14c]-mevalonate for the biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds was investigated. both filariae appeared to be unable to synthesize squalene and sterols de novo. they did, however, synthesize ubiquinone 9, a family of dolichol isoprenologs, and predominantly, the short-chain isoprenoid alcohol, geranyl geraniol. in addition, b. pahangi and d. immitis apparently were unable to synthesize a menaquinone (vitamin k2) from [14c]-menadione. | 1981 | 7299575 |
| laboratory transmission of brugia pahangi by nulliparous aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | 1981 | 7299793 | |
| infection of aedes aegypti with brugia pahangi administered by enema: results of quantitative infection and loss of infective larvae during blood feeding. | a technique for infecting mosquitoes with known numbers of brugia pahangi microfilariae by enema is described. virtually all mosquitoes receiving three microfilariae or more by this route contained infective larvae 10 days later. within a range of 1 to 40 microfilariae, numbers of infective larvae recovered (y) were related to the numbers of microfilariae administered (x) by the equation log10y=0.04 + 0.84 log10x. mosquitoes feeding on sugar for up to 20 days did not lose a significant number of ... | 1981 | 7324102 |
| susceptibility of the autogenous group of the aedes scutellaris complex of mosquitoes to infection with brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. | four species of mosquitoes which represent the tonga group of the aedes scutellaris complex (ae. cooki, ae. kesseli, ae. tongae tabu and an undescribed aedes sp. nuaofo'ou) were tested for susceptibility to infection with brugia malayi and b. pahangi. all tested strains were genetically fully (100%) susceptible to infection with both parasitic helminths. higher survival of females harboring low quantities of infective larvae (1-9 l3/male) indicates a weak adaptation of the host to the parasite. ... | 1981 | 7345683 |
| scanning electron microscopy of third- and fourth-stage larvae and adults of brugia pahangi (nematoda: filarioidea). | 1980 | 7391888 | |
| brugia pahangi infections in normal kittens (felis cattus) and kittens born to brugia spp. infected mothers. | kittens mothered by normal cats challenged within 14 days of birth were as susceptible to infection with brugia pahangi as more mature cats. when kittens mothered by cats which were infected with brugia spp. were challenged very variable results were observed. several of the kittens were resistant to infection, but this did not appear to be related to the degree of resistance shown by their mothers. | 1980 | 7411677 |
| the lymphatic pathology of brugia pahangi in the mongolian jird. | we studied the sequence of histopathologic changes associated with brugia pahangi (nematoda: filarioidea) infections in lymphatic vessels in the spermatic cord of the mongolian jird (gerbil), meriones unguiculatus. intravascular granulomas caused mainly by disintegrating worms were seen in 67% of jirds necropsied on, or after, 35 days postinoculation, whereas none of 20 jirds examined before this day showed dying larvae. these granulomas usually evolved without vascular occlusion. other granulom ... | 1980 | 7420243 |
| changing proteins on the surface of a parasitic nematode. | most of the organisms of the phylum nematoda are free living, but some are animal or plant parasites of major importance to man. during their life cycle all nematodes undergo a series of moults in which they shed an external cuticle, consisting of an outermost membrane-like layer of unknown composition and a series of fibrillar layers similar to collagens. because of this structure, the cuticle has been viewed as an acellular exoskeleton with rather inert molecular components. however, observati ... | 1980 | 7422005 |
| the degree of susceptibility and levels of infection in ten different strains of aedes polynesiensis marks infected with subperiodic brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. | ten strains of aedes polynesiensis were infected with subperiodic brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. susceptibility to b. malayi ranged from 92.1--100%, and susceptibility to b. pahangi from 97.5--100%. further analysis showed significant differences in the numbers of third-stage larvae both between parasites and between strains within parasites. because of the high levels of susceptibility, it appears that ae. polynesiensis provides an even better laboratory model for vector-parasite studies tha ... | 1980 | 7435786 |
| circulating immune complexes in experimental filariasis. | circulating immune complexes have been investigated in jirds (meriones unguiculatus) infected with the filarial nematode brugia pahangi. two-month-old male jirds were inoculated with seventy-five b. pahangi infective larvae into the left groin. at 8 months post-infection, sera of individual animals from a group of seventeen infecteds and seventeen age-matched controls were analysed for immune complexes by (1) a solid-phase c1q binding assay (clq-sp) and (2) precipitation with 3.5% polyethylene g ... | 1980 | 7438540 |
| transplacentral transmission of microfilaria of brugia pahangi in a white rat. | 1980 | 7444584 | |
| brugia pahangi: feeding and nutrient uptake in vitro and in vivo. | 1981 | 7461090 | |
| non-mendelian inheritance of mosquito susceptibility to infection with brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. | the mode of inheritance of susceptibility or refractoriness of insect vectors to medically important pathogens such as those causing malaria or filariasis is usually believed to follow normal mendelian laws and to involve a single pair of alleles. in this report, experiments are described that demonstrate another mode of inheritance of mosquito susceptibility to filarial parasites. crosses were made between susceptibile and refractory species of the aedes scutellaris complex, and the hybrid and ... | 1981 | 7466401 |
| comparison of the patterns of codon usage and bias between brugia, echinococcus, onchocerca and schistosoma species. | patterns of codon usage and bias were compared among taxa of the genera brugia, echinococcus, onchocerca and schistosoma by metric multidimensional scaling and three commonly used indices of bias: nc, gc3s and b. the overall codon usage for each taxon was compared, as was the codon usage for each individual gene within the taxa. differences in the patterns of codon usage observed between taxa were dependent on the overall base composition of the genes analysed. the codon usage of echinococcus wa ... | 1995 | 7501637 |
| depressed specific and nonspecific immune responses in secondary brugia pahangi infection in jirds. | the immune responsiveness to specific antigens or mitogens was examined in jirds after primary and secondary infections with brugia pahangi. when spleen cells were obtained from secondarily infected jirds, their proliferative responses to mitogens such as con a or lps, or to specific antigens prepared from infective larvae or adult worms were significantly lower than those of spleen cells obtained from primarily infected jirds. the proliferative responses of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell ... | 1994 | 7531872 |
| loa loa: structural diversity of a 15-kda repetitive antigen. | a ladder antigen of loa loa was identified on western blots of all life cycle stages probed with loaisis sera. the smallest subunit has a relative m(r) of about 15 kda and larger subunits represent size increments of 15.0 kda. an 1800-bp genomic clone encoding this antigen was characterized further by restriction mapping. southern blot analysis, and nucleotide sequencing. the antigen is encoded by multiple copies of a gene, linked in tandem repeats of 396 bp, each of which encodes 132 amino acid ... | 1995 | 7556556 |
| canine ige monoclonal antibody specific for a filarial antigen: production by a canine x murine heterohybridoma using b cells from a clinically affected lymph node. | canine popliteal lymph node cells taken at the onset of clinical disease from a rear limb infected with the filarial nematode brugia pahangi were fused with mouse myeloma cell line p3x63.ag8.653 cells. of the several canine immunoglobulin-producing clones from this fusion, one was found to produce canine ige specific for a filarial nematode antigen. the cell line has undergone limiting dilution cloning six times over the past 3 years and continues to produce monoclonal antibody of the ige subcla ... | 1995 | 7558131 |
| fine specificity of the genetically controlled immune response to native and recombinant gp15/400 (polyprotein allergen) of brugia malayi. | polyprotein allergens are a family of structurally homologous molecules from parasitic nematodes which induce specific immunoglobulin e in infected individuals. we show here that both h-2 and non-h-2 factors determine the ability of mice to generate t- and b-cell responses to the filarial polyprotein allergen (brugia malayi gp15/400). further, h-2 and non-h-2 genes can complement one another to overcome nonresponsiveness to this molecule. however, these genetic restrictions govern only responses ... | 1995 | 7622210 |
| absence of protective resistance to homologous challenge infections in jirds with chronic, amicrofilaremic infections of brugia pahangi. | most jirds (meriones unguiculatus) with chronic brugia pahangi infections remain microfilaremic, develop a hyporesponsive state, and are susceptible to reinfection. although few, some jirds become amicrofilaremic or fail to develop a microfilaremia. the hypothesis that chronically infected, amicrofilaremic jirds may be resistant to reinfection was tested. twenty-four chronically infected amicrofilaremic jirds, with or without circulating antigen, were inoculated subcutaneously with 75 b. pahangi ... | 1995 | 7623212 |
| brugia pahangi: effects of melanization on the uptake of nutrients by microfilariae in vitro. | the effects of melanization on nutrient uptake by the microfilariae of brugia pahangi were investigated by using in vitro melanization and autoradiographic techniques. it was found that the melanotic capsules which formed around the microfilariae in vitro completely inhibited the uptake of the following radiolabeled nutrients into microfilarial tissues: d-[6-3h]glucose, l-[4,5-3h]leucine, [2-3h]glycine, [1-14c]linoleic acid, [5,6,8,9,11,12,14,15-3h]arachidonic acid, [2,8-3h]adenine, [8-14c]guani ... | 1995 | 7628569 |
| heterologous expression and enzymatic properties of a selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase from the parasitic nematode brugia pahangi. | a full-length cdna from the parasitic nematode brugia pahangi encoding a secreted homolog of glutathione peroxidase in which the codon for the active site selenocysteine is substituted naturally by a cysteine codon has been expressed in spodoptera frugiperda (insect) cells via autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus). the recombinant protein was glycosylated and secreted from the cells in tetrameric form. the purified protein showed glutathione peroxidase activity with a r ... | 1995 | 7629152 |
| the gp15/400 polyprotein antigen of brugia malayi binds fatty acids and retinoids. | gp15/400 is a surface-proximal antigen of the filarial nematode brugia malayi, produced as a large polyprotein precursor comprising an array of polypeptide units of approx. 14.5 kda. here we describe a biochemical function for gp15/400. a single 14.5-kda unit of gp15/400 has been expressed in escherichia coli, and found to dimerise spontaneously. this protein (designated p-rung) has high-affinity fatty acid and retinoid binding activity, suggesting that the parent polypeptide itself has these pr ... | 1995 | 7630382 |
| the construction of spliced leader cdna libraries from the filarial nematode brugia pahangi. | 1995 | 7637712 | |
| brugia spp. and litomosoides carinii: identification of a covalently cross-linked microfilarial sheath matrix protein (shp2). | a microfilarial sheath protein gene (shp2) coding for the major constituent of the insoluble, cross-linked sheath remnant (sr) from brugia malayi, brugia pahangi and litomosoides carinii has been cloned and sequenced, based on peptide partial amino-acid sequences. all three closely related single-copy shp2 genes in the two genera carry a single intron in identical position; shp2 mrnas are post-transcriptionally modified by both cis-splicing and trans-splicing. in accordance with their extracellu ... | 1995 | 7637719 |
| bancroftian filariasis in kwale district of kenya. iii. quantification of the ige response in selected individuals from an endemic community. | one hundred and sixty-two individuals from a community in kwale district, kenya, endemic for bancroftian filariasis, were selected for a study on the ige response to filarial antigen (prepared from adult brugia pahangi). following clinical and parasitological examination, the individuals were grouped into different categories, based on the presence/absence of microfilaraemia, the presence/absence of acute or chronic (hydrocele or elephantiasis) clinical manifestations, and age. the total and fil ... | 1995 | 7668920 |
| studies on the isolation and characterisation of a reaginic antibody in a cat. | a reaginic antibody has been demonstrated, by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca), in the serum of a cat infected with the microfilariae of brugia pahangi. recipient cats and pigs were challenged with an extract of ascaris suum after either a four-hour or a 72-hour period of sensitisation. when the serum was heat treated at 56 degrees c it lost its pca activity. gel filtration of the serum revealed a pattern of positive pca fractions similar to that observed in other species. attempts to purify ... | 1995 | 7709065 |
| stage specific differences in steady state levels of mrna encoding the major surface glycoprotein of brugia pahangi. | the glycoprotein, gp30, is the major soluble cuticular antigen of the adult lymphatic fiarial worm brugia pahangi (maizels et al., 1983, devaney, 1988). cookson et al., 1992 suggested that gp30 may function as an antioxidant enzyme protecting b. pahangi from the vertebrate host defence mechanism. in this communication we report that the gp30 transcript is present in each of the life cycle stages, including mosquito derived l3's, and that there is a 50 fold increase in the transcription of gp30 i ... | 1994 | 7716403 |
| brugia pahangi: the effects of cecropins on microfilariae in vitro and in aedes aegypti. | synthetic cecropins, antibacterial peptides from insect haemolymph, have been tested for their ability to attenuate the motility of microfilariae of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi in an in vitro assay. fifty micromolar concentrations of these peptides, equivalent to physiological concentrations in immune-stimulated insects, cause significant attenuation of motility compared with untreated microfilariae. similar results were obtained with cecropins a and b. this is the lowest concentration ... | 1995 | 7729475 |
| structure and function of a family of chitinase isozymes from brugian microfilariae. | a family of chitinase isozymes, consisting of three proteins from the microfilariae of brugia pahangi and two previously described chitinases from the microfilariae of b. malayi, has been characterized. the five members of this family display closely related chitin-degrading activities, characterized by strong endo- rather than exochitinase activity. all five proteins have highly conserved sequences at their amino-termini and appear to share a two-domain tertiary structure, as demonstrated by pr ... | 1995 | 7758548 |
| filariasis testing in a jird model: new drug leads from some old standbys. | a total of 65 compounds, most of which were from chemical classes having members known to be active against one or more parasitic organisms, were evaluated against brugia pahangi and acanthocheilonema viteae for macrofilaricidal activity in male mongolian jirds (meriones unguiculatus). sixteen of the 65 compounds tested suppressed the number of parasites. of these 16, three were suppressive for b. pahangi, 10 for a. viteae, and three for both parasites. the antibiotic nigericin and the antihista ... | 1994 | 7810813 |
| salivarectomy effects on the ingestion of brugia pahangi (nematoda: filarioidea) microfilariae by susceptible and refractory strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | ingestion of brugia pahangi buckley & edeson microfilariae by susceptible (liverpool) and refractory (bora-bora) strains of salivary duct-severed aedes aegypti (l.) was investigated. the transection at either the salivary common duct or the two lateral ducts of mosquitoes did not affect the mean number of microfilariae nor the mean amount of blood ingested per mosquito. these results indicated that mosquito salivary secretion did not have a chemotropic effect on microfilariae. | 1994 | 7815410 |
| brugia pahangi: differential granulomatous reactivity of infected jirds (meriones unguiculatus) to fractions of adult worm extract. | soluble extracts of adult brugia pahangi (sse) were fractionated by lectin affinity chromatography, followed by reversed phase hplc. the immunologic and in vivo inflammatory reactivity of the resulting fractions were compared in jirds with acute and chronic infections of b. pahangi. when separated by sds-page, all fractions possessed bands which were recognized in western blots by antibodies from jirds with both acute and chronic infections. fractions were coupled to sized sepharose beads that w ... | 1995 | 7821412 |
| concomitant malaria (plasmodium gallinaceum) and filaria (brugia pahangi) infections in aedes aegypti: effect on parasite development. | mixed infections with malarial (plasmodium gallinaceum) and filarial (brugia pahangi) parasites were carried out in 8 trials with filaria susceptible (refm) and filaria refractory (rep-rr) aedes aegypti strains. a secondary infection with b. pahangi microfilariae (mff) by intrathoracic inoculation, reduced the development rate of a pre-existing p. gallinaceum infection. the level of reduction ranged from 9.5 to 49% in refm and from 50 to 90% in rep-rr. an immune response against oocysts was seen ... | 1995 | 7845706 |
| impact of microfilaremia on maintenance of a hyporesponsive cellular immune response in brugia-infected gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). | the purpose of these experiments was to define the significance of the microfilarial stage to the hyporesponsive condition seen in lymphatic filariasis. two types of experiments were conducted with brugia pahangi-infected gerbils. in one, in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis and in vivo granuloma formation in response to parasite antigen were correlated to microfilaremia in chronically infected individuals. in a second set of experiments, the level of in vivo granuloma formation was assessed follow ... | 1995 | 7868266 |
| the fate of brugia pahangi microfilariae in armigeres subalbatus during the first 48 hours post ingestion. | in armigeres subalbatus, 60% and 3% of the ingested brugia pahangi microfilariae (mf) respectively migrated into the haemocoel and the thorax within 5 minutes post ingestion (p.i.). most of the mf had migrated from the gut into the haemocoel within the first 10 minutes p.i. there was no correlation between the number of mf ingested and the migration rate though those in mosquitoes with a low mf burden tend to migrate earlier. at 24 hours p.i., 5-30% of the mf were still in the gut; 19% of these ... | 1994 | 7915044 |
| aedes aegypti: characterization of a hemolymph polypeptide expressed during melanotic encapsulation of filarial worms. | we report on the initial characterization of an 84-kda polypeptide that is differentially expressed in aedes aegypti during melanotic encapsulation immune reactions against filarial worms. [35s]methionine-labeled hemolymph from mosquitoes inoculated with saline, parasites that are melanized, or parasites that are not melanized was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. results show that the level of the 84-kda polypeptide increases considerably in those mosquitoes ... | 1994 | 7957753 |
| the role of cd4 cells in protective immunity to brugia pahangi. | the balb/c mouse immunized sub-cutaneously (s.c.) with 45 krad attenuated third stage larvae (l3) of the lymphatic filarial nematode brugia pahangi is strongly immune to a challenge infection (75-100% reduction in recovery at day six post challenge). analysis of spleen cell supernatants from immunized mice re-stimulated in vitro, with parasite antigen or the non specific t cell mitogen con-a reveals a cytokine profile (il-4, il-5 and il-9) which indicates that the th2 subset of cd4 cells has bee ... | 1994 | 7970877 |
| detection of circulating antigens and parasite specific antibodies in filariasis. | in peninsular malaysia, only wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi are reported to cause human filariasis. brugia pahangi infects many of the same animal hosts as the zoonotically transmitted subperiodic b. malayi. there is a well-recognized need for improved diagnostic techniques for lymphatic filariasis. parasite antigen detection is a promising new approach, and it will probably prove to be more sensitive and specific than clinical, microscopic and antibody-based serological methods. we rece ... | 1993 | 7973943 |
| recent advances in the application of molecular biology in filariasis. | monitoring of filarial parasites in the host and vector has traditionally depended on morphological identification. recently, species-specific dna probes have been developed for brugia malayi, brugia pahangi and wuchereria bancrofti. repeated dna sequences are useful in developing dna probes because they evolve more rapidly then coding sequences and their high copy number increases the sensitivity of detection. the hhal repeated dna family represents 12% of the total b. malayi dna. this dna fami ... | 1993 | 7973949 |
| protective immunity against multiple challenges of brugia pahangi in mongolian gerbils induced by drug-abbreviated infection. | protective immunity against multiple challenge infections was examined in mongolian gerbils after a drug-abbreviated infection with brugia pahangi. the gerbils treated with mebendazole (mbz) during the late prepatent period (7-9 weeks of postinfection) were challenged with 5 inoculations of 50 infective larvae of b. pahangi at 4-week intervals. the worm burden was significantly reduced 68.6% (19.0 in average number) to that of controls (60.6) and was accompanied with enhanced eosinophil response ... | 1994 | 7999918 |
| purification of an insect defensin from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | using a new, sensitive assay of bacterial growth inhibition, inducible antibacterial activity has been identified in the haemolymph of the mosquito, aedes aegypti following inoculation with bacteria or with microfilariae of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi, but not after inoculation with sterile culture medium. a lower level of antibacterial activity has also been observed in untreated individual mosquitoes. following bacterial inoculation, a basic, inducible antibacterial peptide has been d ... | 1994 | 8025559 |
| differential proliferative and interleukin-10 responses to fractionated filarial antigens: preferential recognition by patients with chronic lymphatic dysfunction. | to characterize filarial antigens that may be associated with the development of chronic lymphatic dysfunction in persons with lymphatic filariasis, t cell responsiveness to brugia pahangi adult worm extracts and sds-page antigen fractions were examined among haitians from an area in which wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. greater t cell proliferation and interleukin-10 (il-10) production were observed in amicrofilaremic patients with hydrocele or elephantiasis than in amicrofilaremic or microfil ... | 1994 | 8035027 |
| aedes (gymnometopa) mediovittatus (diptera: culicidae) as an experimental vector of brugia pahangi and b. malayi (spirurida: filariidae). | to test the susceptibility of aedes (gymnometopa) mediovittatus to infection with brugia pahangi and brugia malayi, females originating from the suburbs of san juan, puerto rico, were fed on infected gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). on average, 39.2% of the ae. mediovittatus females became infected with l3 larvae of b. pahangi and 47.4% with b. malayi. the average number of infective l3 larvae of b. pahangi and b. malayi dissected from mosquitoes was 2.6 +/- 1.2 and 2.9 +/- 1.0, respectively. th ... | 1994 | 8057319 |
| filaria vector competence of some anopheles species. | the filaria vector competence of anopheles stephensi was compared with brugia-susceptible aedes aegypti liverpool strain, an. gambiae badagry lagos strain and an. dirus perlis malaysia strain. an. stephensi ingested more brugia pahangi microfilariae, had the highest infectivity rate and yielded more infective mosquitoes than the other two anopheline species. the overall vector competence of an. stephensi was 0.13 times that of ae. aegypti, 0.62 times that of an. gambiae and 2.17 times that of an ... | 1994 | 8066378 |
| bancroftian filariasis in kwale district of kenya. ii. humoral immune responses to filarial antigens in selected individuals from an endemic community. | humoral immune responses to filarial infection were investigated in 162 individuals, covering the full clinical and parasitological spectrum of bancroftian filariasis as seen in an endemic community of kwale district, kenya. sera were tested for specific antifilarial antibodies (total immunoglobulins, igm, iggl, igg4 and ige) using elisa. most individuals showed an immunological response to the filarial antigen (prepared from adult brugia pahangi). how these responses were related to the clinica ... | 1994 | 8067811 |
| characterization and biological activities of anti-brugia pahangi tubulin monoclonal antibodies. | three monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific to beta-tubulin were used to investigate the heterogeneity of tubulins from nematodes and mammals. western blot analysis of one-dimensional sds-page showed that anti-brugia pahangi tubulin mab 1b6 and p3d react with epitope(s) specific to nematode beta-tubulin and recognize tubulin from adults and microfilariae of b. pahangi, adult b. malayi and dirofilaria immitis, eggs of haemonchus contortus and adult ascaris suum. however, the same mab did not recog ... | 1993 | 8106183 |
| extracellular and cytoplasmic cuzn superoxide dismutases from brugia lymphatic filarial nematode parasites. | we have isolated full-length cdnas encoding two distinct types of cuzn superoxide dismutases (sods) from the filarial nematode parasite brugia pahangi. the derived amino acid sequences suggested that one class of cdnas represented a cytoplasmic form of sod and the second class represented an extracellular (ec) variant. the predicted proteins were highly homologous to each other, but the sequence of the latter contained an additional 43 residues at the n terminus, the first 16 of which were marke ... | 1994 | 8112870 |
| codon usage and gene organization in brugia. | 1994 | 8202460 | |
| stage and isotype specific immune responses in a rat model of filariasis. | inbred pvg rats infected with 100 brugia pahangi infective larvae (l3) divide into rats that develop microfilaraemic infection (mf+), and those that remain microfilaria negative (mf-). all rats had high levels of specific igg to adult worm and l3 extracts, however, after the onset of microfilaraemia, mf+ rats had significantly higher levels of igg to mf extract. mf+ rats recognized several antigenic components of each developmental extract that were not responded to by mf- rats. in particular mf ... | 1993 | 8233558 |
| brugia pahangi: effects of protective resistance on lymphatic lesions and granulomatous inflammation in infected jirds (meriones unguiculatus). | effects of protective resistance on lymphatic lesions and granulomatous inflammation in infected jirds (meriones unguiculatus). experimental parasitology 77, 395-404. the hypothesis that protective immune responses play a role in the induction of filarial-associated lymphatic lesions was tested in jirds immunized twice with 75 brugia pahangi radiation-attenuated third-stage larvae. lymphatic lesions and granulomatous reactivity were compared in immunized, infected, and naive jirds at both acute ... | 1993 | 8253153 |
| synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted thiazoles and selenazoles as potential antitumor and antifilarial agents: 1. methyl 4-(isothiocyanatomethyl)thiazole-2-carbamates, -selenazole-2- carbamates, and related derivatives. | methyl 4-(isothiocyanatomethyl)thiazole-2-carbamate and methyl 4-(isothiocyanatomethyl)selenazole-2-carbamate have been prepared via chemical transformations involving 2-amino-4-(chloromethyl)thiazole (1) and 2-amino-4-(chloromethyl)selenazole (2), respectively, as starting materials. the homoanalog, methyl 4-(2-isothiocyanatoethyl)thiazole-2-carbamate, was prepared from (2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetic acid. all compounds prepared were evaluated for their ability to inhibit leukemia l1210 cell proli ... | 1993 | 8254614 |
| the analysis of the humoral response of the balb/c mouse immunized with radiation attenuated third stage larvae of brugia pahangi. | balb/c mice immunized with l3 of brugia pahangi, irradiated at 45 krad from a 137caesium source, are strongly immune to challenge infection (75-100% reduction in the recovery of challenge infection larvae on day 6 post-challenge). the target of immunity appears to be the post-infective l3, as challenge infection larvae are killed within 5-6 days of infection. by immunoblot analysis, serum from immune animals recognizes a limited set of somatic antigens, the majority of which are shared between d ... | 1993 | 8316409 |
| ige responses in cats infected with brugia pahangi. | passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests were used to examine the ige responses of cats repeatedly infected with the filarial nematode brugia pahangi. specific ige was usually detected only in those cats that killed their adult worms and rarely in those cats in which adult worms survived for long periods. we suggest that this specific ige is actively involved in killing adult worms in the lymphatics. | 1993 | 8332384 |
| rapid changes in the surface of parasitic nematodes during transition from pre- to post-parasitic forms. | all mammalian-parasitic stages of a range of nematode species investigated (brugia pahangi, acanthocheilonema viteae, strongyloides ratti, nippostrongylus brasiliensis, trichinella spiralis and ostertagia ostertagi) labelled in a surface-restricted manner with the fluorescent lipid analogues 5-n-(octadecanoyl)aminofluorescein (af18) or nitrobenzoxadiazole-cholesterol (nbd-chol), but failed to bind other similar probes. in contrast, the surfaces of the 'pre-parasitic' infective stages of these sp ... | 1993 | 8355993 |
| temperature-induced refractoriness of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to infection with the filaria brugia pahangi. | 1993 | 8369568 | |
| brugia malayi and brugia pahangi: synthetic biotin labeling of oligonucleotide probes for use in species-specific detection assays. | we have developed a novel, high-yield synthetic approach for the incorporation of multiple biotin residues into a series of species-specific oligonucleotide probes for the detection of filarial parasites. the probes are designed to detect species-specific regions of a highly repeated dna sequence (hhai repeat) found in all species of brugia. the synthetic method described in this paper was used to construct oligomer probes tailed on the 5' end with 1 to 46 biotinylated uridine residues. probes w ... | 1993 | 8375491 |
| modulation of cellular and humoral immunity, and disease manifestation during onset of patency in brugia pahangi-infected dogs. | recently, it has become possible to obtain as predicted disease manifestation in selectively bred dogs infected with the naturally occurring lymphatic nematode, brugia pahangi. in this study, an attempt was made to correlate limb oedema with dynamic changes in immune cell responses occurring in the lymph node at the site of infection during onset of patency. three litters of dogs were selectively bred; one for the expression of clinical disease, one for the lack of expression of clinical disease ... | 1993 | 8406593 |
| prophylactic activity of tetracycline against brugia pahangi infection in jirds (meriones unguiculatus). | the ability of oral tetracycline to inhibit the development of third-stage infective larvae (l3) of brugia pahangi to adult worms in jirds was studied using 2 experimental protocols. jirds treated with 1.4% tetracycline in drinking water for a period beginning 30 days before inoculation of l3 until 30 days post-inoculation (dpi) had 97% reduction in adult worm recovery compared to untreated controls. jirds that received 1.2% tetracycline in drinking water beginning 1 day before until either 12 o ... | 1993 | 8410553 |
| the effect of irradiation on the third stage larvae of brugia pahangi. | the effect of irradiation on the third stage larvae of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi was investigated. labelling with 35s methionine of control or irradiated l3, post-infective l3 or l4 revealed no consistent alterations in the pattern of proteins synthesized. the only significant difference observed was in 125i labelling, where the specific activity of labelling of soluble cuticular proteins was lower in irradiated than in control parasites. this difference may be related to the reduced ... | 1993 | 8414645 |
| cytokine production in balb/c mice immunized with radiation attenuated third stage larvae of the filarial nematode, brugia pahangi. | balb/c mice immunized with radiation attenuated third stage larvae of the filarial nematode brugia pahangi are strongly immune to challenge infection. investigation of the profile of cytokines secreted by spleen cells from immune mice stimulated in vitro with either parasite ag or with con a revealed high levels of il-5 and il-9 and moderate levels of il-4. in contrast, secretion of ifn-gamma by spleen cells from immune animals was negligible. spleen cells from control mice secreted low levels o ... | 1993 | 8432985 |
| brugia pahangi: identification and characterization of an aminopeptidase associated with larval molting. | the third-stage larvae (l3) of the filarid parasite brugia pahangi were surveyed for protease activity beginning with release from the mosquito vector through molting to the fourth-stage larvae (l4). a metalloaminopeptidase with a substrate preference for phenylalanine was released during the molting process. a screen of aminopeptidase inhibitors identified h-borophenylalanine-(pinacol) as highly effective, with a ki of 1.3 x 10(-11) m. this peptidase inhibitor also arrested molting of l3 larvae ... | 1993 | 8454021 |
| brugia pahangi and brugia malayi: a surface-associated glycoprotein (gp15/400) is composed of multiple tandemly repeated units and processed from a 400-kda precursor. | the cuticle of filarial nematode parasites contains distinct and separable sets of soluble and structural proteins. surface-labeling techniques have previously identified a soluble protein complex in adult stage brugia which ranges in molecular weight from 15 to 200 kda. using an antiserum directed to the 15-kda basal subunit of this complex, we show here that this complex is synthesized and processed from a single, very large precursor protein with a molecular weight of approximately 400 kda. m ... | 1993 | 8454024 |
| glutamine-supported motility of adult filarial parasites in vitro and the effect of glutamine antimetabolites. | the survival in culture of adult female brugia pahangi, acanthocheilonema viteae, and onchocerca volvulus and adult male onchocerca gibsoni was assessed by measuring parasite motility. survival of all species was maximal in a nutritionally complex medium (rpmi-1640). all species survived for up to 48 hr in a simpler medium in which the only energy source was 10 mm glutamine; motility in this medium was dependent upon ph. for the species of onchocerca, motility was maintained better in the presen ... | 1993 | 8459326 |
| conservation of primary sequence of gp29, the major soluble cuticular glycoprotein, in three species of lymphatic filariae. | 1993 | 8459826 | |
| growth and development of brugia pahangi larvae under various in vitro conditions. | in vitro culture methods were utilized to investigate specific nutritional requirements of brugia pahangi larvae. infective third-stage larvae (l3) isolated from aedes aegypti (liverpool) mosquitoes were cultured in nctc 135:imdm (ni) medium plus various types of serum under 5% co2/air and 5% co2/n2 atmospheres. larvae grew, developed, and molted to the fourth stage (l4); however, further growth and differentiation beyond the mid-l4 were minimal. serum supplementation was necessary to induce mol ... | 1993 | 8501596 |
| identification of a drosophila protein similar to rat s13 and archaebacterial s11 ribosomal proteins. | 1993 | 8506150 | |
| primary structure of and immunoglobulin e response to the repeat subunit of gp15/400 from human lymphatic filarial parasites. | we have isolated and sequenced clones encoding the repeated subunit of the surface-associated glycoprotein gp15/400 from the two nematode species predominantly responsible for lymphatic filariasis in humans: brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. the amino acid sequence of the 15-kda subunit, derived from the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment from b. malayi, is identical to that previously reported for b. pahangi, whereas the derived w. bancrofti protein sequence differs in only 7 of 132 ... | 1993 | 8514385 |
| extensive diversity in repeat unit sequences of the cdna encoding the polyprotein antigen/allergen from the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus. | the complete sequence of the cdna encoding the nematode polyprotein allergen/antigen (npa) of the bovine lungworm dictyocaulus viviparus was obtained by immunoscreening of cdna expression libraries and by 5' race (rapid amplification of cdna ends). the encoded polypeptide is similar in sequence to the aba-1 allergen of ascaris, the gp15/400 'ladder' protein of brugia malayi, brugia pahangi and wuchereria bancrofti, and a 15-kda antigen of dirofilaria immitis. as with these, the predicted amino-a ... | 1995 | 8538702 |
| effects of adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells on worm growth and microfilaraemia in brugia pahangi infection in mongolian gerbils. | protective immunity against brugia pahangi was examined after adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells. spleen cells obtained from gerbils at 8 weeks post-infection (p.i.) with 100 infective larvae (l3) of b. pahangi were transferred into naive recipients, and then 24 h later, they were infected with 100 l3 of b. pahangi. the recipients given normal spleen cells and infected by the same manner served as controls. microfilarial counts in the circulation were monitored at designated times after in ... | 1995 | 8583128 |
| brugia pahangi-induced contractility of bovine mesenteric lymphatics studied in vitro: a role for filarial factors in the development of lymphedema? | products generated by filarial nematodes depress vascular reactivity by mechanisms involving endothelial cells. we hypothesized that comparable filarial-induced alterations might occur in lymph vessels. experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that spontaneous contractions of bovine mesenteric lymphatics studied in vitro are altered by the filarial parasite brugia pahangi. rings of bovine mesenteric lymphatics were suspended in tissue baths and spontaneous contractions were evaluated for ... | 1996 | 8615452 |
| cellular immune responses of jirds to extracts of life cycle stages and adult excretory secretory products during the early development of brugia pahangi. | the brugia-jird model of lymphatic filariasis was used to examine the induction of cellular immune responses during the early premicrofilaremic phases of the infection. the intensity of the pulmonary granulomatous inflammatory response (pgrn) was determined by measuring granuloma areas around sepharose beads coated with parasite extracts which were embolized in the lungs of jirds prior to necropsy. necropsies were performed at 7, 14, 28, 56, and 150 days postinfection (dpi). these time points co ... | 1996 | 8631377 |
| brugia pahangi: the cuticular glutathione peroxidase (gp29) protects heterologous membranes from lipid peroxidation. | 1996 | 8631385 | |
| erratum to "the construction of spliced leader cdna libraries from the filarial nematode brugia pahangi" [mol. biochem. parasitol. 70 (1995) 241-245]. | 1995 | 8720184 | |
| anti-interleukin-4 modulation of the th2 polarized response to the parasitic nematode brugia pahangi. | lymphatic filariasis is a chronic disease characterized by a pronounced th2 bias in the immune response and impaired antigen (ag)-specific th1 responses. we have used a mouse model of filariasis to investigate the role of the infective form (the third-stage larvae [l3]) in modulating the immune response. subcutaneous infection of balb/c mice with l3 of brugia pahangi has a profound effect on th cell function. by day 12 post-infection, spleen cells from these mice exhibited a dramatic reduction i ... | 1996 | 8751885 |
| identification and sequence comparison of a cuticular collagen of brugia pahangi. | the cuticle of filarial nematodes is a specialized extracellular matrix that covers the parasite and protects it from adverse conditions of the environment. as a surface structure it is in direct contact with the host defence mechanisms and therefore plays an important role in the molecular host-parasite relationship. using polyclonal antisera raised against the insoluble components of the cuticle of the adult filarial parasite brugia pahangi, we have isolated cdna clones encoding collagen molec ... | 1996 | 8760314 |
| expression of recombinant microfilarial chitinase and analysis of domain function. | a family of chitinase isozymes was previously characterized from the microfilariae of brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. the expression of these enzymes correlates with the onset of microfilarial infectivity for the mosquito vector. to study the role of chitinase activity in filarial transmission, the p70 chitinase from brugia malayi was cloned and expressed in two forms: a full-length product of approximately 62 kda and a truncated product of 43 kda containing only the n-terminal catalytic domai ... | 1996 | 8813685 |
| brugia pahangi: characterisation of a small heat shock protein cdna clone. | microfilariae of brugia pahangi undergo a transition in their life cycle from the homeothermic mammalian host to the poikilothermic mosquito vector. coincident with this switch, the developmental cycle of the microfilaria is reinitiated. when cultured at mammalian temperatures (37 degrees c), microfilariae express a complex of small heat shock proteins. in order to further characterise this group of proteins a cdna library was constructed from heat-shocked microfilariae by reverse-transcriptase ... | 1996 | 8823242 |
| acquisition and expression of humoral reactivity to antigens of infective stages of filarial larvae. | measurement of anti-larval responses in filaria-exposed populations may shed light on the natural history of exposure to wuchereria bancrofti. using serum samples obtained by a cross-sectional survey of 172 individuals from two neighbourhoods in leogane, haiti, antibody responses directed against infective stage filarial larvae (l3) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), immunofluorescence (ifa), and immunoblot for the presence of anti-larval antibodies. elisa results indicat ... | 1995 | 8834761 |
| stage specific gene expression in the post-infective l3 of the filarial nematode, brugia pahangi. | 1996 | 8844678 |