Publications

genetic variants and increased expression of parascaris equorum p-glycoprotein-11 in populations with decreased ivermectin susceptibility.	macrocyclic lactones (mls) represent the major drug class for control of parasitic infections in humans and animals. however, recently reports of treatment failures became more frequent. in addition to human and ruminant parasitic nematodes this also is the case for the horse-nematode parascaris equorum. nevertheless, to date the molecular basis of ml resistance is still not understood. unspecific resistance mechanisms involving transporters such as p-glycoproteins (pgps) are expected to contrib ...	2013	23637871
sequencing of the β-tubulin genes in the ascarid nematodes parascaris equorum and ascaridia galli.	benzimidazoles (bz) are used to control infections of the equine roundworm parascaris equorum and the poultry roundworm ascaridia galli. there are still no reports of anthelmintic resistance (ar) to bz in these two nematodes, although ar to bz is widespread in several other veterinary parasites. several single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) in the β-tubulin genes have been associated with bz-resistance. in the present study we have sequenced β-tubulin genes: isotype 1 and isotype 2 of p. equorum ...	2013	23685342
trematodes enhance the development of the nematode-trapping fungus arthrobotrys (duddingtonia) flagrans.	the capability of helminth (nematode and trematode) parasites in stimulating nematode trap and chlamydospore development of the nematophagous fungus arthrobotrys (formerly duddingtonia) flagrans was explored. dead adult specimens of trematodes (the liver fluke fasciola hepatica and the rumen fluke calicophoron daubneyi) and nematodes (the ascarid parascaris equorum and the strongylid oesophagostomum spp.), as well as their secretory products, were placed onto corn meal agar plates concurrently i ...	2013	23931119
prevalence of non-strongyle gastrointestinal parasites of horses in riyadh region of saudi arabia.	this study aimed to provide recent data on the occurrence of non-strongyle intestinal parasite infestation in horses in the riyadh region of saudi arabia as a basis for developing parasite control strategies. we conducted necropsy for 45 horses from september 2006 to november 2007 in the riyadh region, saudi arabia. 39 out of 45 horses were infected with intestinal parasites with an infestation rate of 86.6%. infestations with seven nematode species and two species of gasterophilus larva were fo ...	2011	23961139
sequence variability in three mitochondrial genes among four roundworm species from wild animals in china.	sequence variability in three mitochondrial dna (mtdna) regions, namely portions of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1), nadh dehydrogenase subunit 1 (pnad1) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 (pnad4), for toxocara canis. baylisacaris transfuga. ascaris suum and parascaris equorum from canis lupus. ursus thibetanus. sus scrofa and equus burchelli in china were examined. the lengths of the sequences of pcox1, pnad1 and pnad4 were 711 bp, 648 bp and 666 bp, respectively. no intra-species differen ...	2015	24041450
faecal worm egg count analysis for targeting anthelmintic treatment in horses: points to consider.	equine gastrointestinal nematodes are ubiquitous; in horses that graze contaminated pasture and that are not treated appropriately, large numbers of worms can accumulate, which can lead to serious clinical disease. nematode control has traditionally followed interval treatment regimens, which involve regular anthelmintic administration to all horses based on the strongyle egg reappearance periods of each drug, usually defined around the time of licensing. interval treatment programmes have resul ...	2014	24131301
sub-optimal efficacy of ivermectin against parascaris equorum in foals on three thoroughbred stud farms in the manawatu region of new zealand.	to ascertain whether resistance was present in parascaris equorum to the macrocyclic lactone anthelmintic ivermectin, using faecal egg count reduction tests.	2014	24151853
development of strongylus vulgaris-specific serum antibodies in naturally infected foals.	strongylus vulgaris is regarded as the most pathogenic helminth parasite infecting horses. migrating larvae cause pronounced endarteritis and thrombosis in the cranial mesenteric artery and adjacent branches, and thromboembolism can lead to ischemia and infarction of large intestinal segments. a recently developed serum elisa allows detection of s. vulgaris-specific antibodies during the six-month-long prepatent period. a population of horses has been maintained at the university of kentucky wit ...	2014	24433851
anthelmintic resistance in important parasites of horses: does it really matter?	parascaris equorum and cyathostomins are currently considered the most important parasites of horses and have traditionally been controlled with anthelmintics belonging to three drug classes: benzimidazoles, the tetrahydropyrimidine pyrantel, and macrocyclic lactones. unfortunately, resistance to benzimidazoles, and to a lesser extent pyrantel, is widespread in cyathostomins around the world. furthermore, resistance to macrocyclic lactones appears to be in the early stages of development in cyat ...	2014	24485565
selective therapy in equine parasite control--application and limitations.	since the 1960s equine parasite control has relied heavily on frequent anthelmintic treatments often applied with frequent intervals year-round. however, increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomins and parascaris equorum are now forcing the equine industry to change to a more surveillance-based treatment approach to facilitate a reduction in treatment intensity. the principle of selective therapy has been implemented with success in small ruminant parasite control, and has also ...	2014	24702770
anthelmintic efficacy on uk thoroughbred stud farms.	anthelmintic drugs have been applied indiscriminately to control horse nematodes for over 40 years. we undertook a comprehensive study to investigate efficacy of the four available broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs on 16 thoroughbred stud farms using the faecal egg count reduction test. efficacy against strongyles was determined by calculating the percentage of reduction in faecal egg count between the group mean at day 0 and days 14-17 post-treatment and the 95% lower confidence intervals estim ...	2014	24746779
parasitic infections detected by flotac in zoo mammals from warsaw, poland.	the aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of intestinal parasites in groups of mammals kept in the warsaw zoological garden (poland). 71 pools of fecal samples were analyzed using the flotac techniques. 48% of animals were positive and 47% of positivities showed multiple infections. toxocara cati (71.4%) was found in felines; marsupials were infected with coccidia (90%). giardia spp. (24.0%), blastocystis spp. (12.3%), iodamoeba spp. (10.0%), enterobius vermicularis (6.0%) and entamoe ...	2014	24827109
prevalence and significance of parasites of horses in some states of northern nigeria.	this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and significance of parasites of horses in northern nigeria. blood and faecal samples were randomly collected from 243 horses from different stables in some states of northern nigeria for laboratory analyses. fifty-seven horses (23.5%) were found infected with parasites. the hemoparasites detected, 21 (8.6%), include theileria equi, babesia caballi, trypanosoma vivax and trypanosoma evansi. the endoparasites encountered, 29 (11.9%) were strong ...	2012	24833991
effects of sub-zero storage temperatures on endoparasites in canine and equine feces.	fecal samples from wild and domestic carnivores are routinely frozen for three days at -80°c to kill eggs of echinococcus spp., following recommendations from the world health organization (who) and world organization for animal health (oie). this is done to decrease the risk of zoonotic infection with these pathogenic cestodes. in addition, it is often necessary to freeze fecal samples collected for research prior to batch processing by a limited number of personnel, especially large numbers of ...	2014	24880644
anthelmintic resistance of intestinal nematodes to ivermectin and pyrantel in estonian horses.	there is evidence of resistance in horses to anthelmintic treatment using ivermectin and pyrantel. however, little information is available about the parasites, treatment practices or anthelmintic resistance in the horse population in estonia. in the present study, we examined 41 trotting and riding horses aged < 3 years from four stables in estonia. faecal samples were collected, and horses were selected for treatment if the nematode egg count per gram faeces exceeded 200. horses (n= 32) that s ...	2015	25007041
interaction of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia and parascaris equorum eggs in different culture media.	research involving the use of nematophagous fungi in the biological control of parasites of interest to veterinarians has occurred over recent years, with promising results. this article reports the infection of parascaris equorum eggs by the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia (isolates vc1 and vc4). six groups were formed for each isolate, with six different culture media: 2% water-agar (2% wa); agar-chitin (ac); ypssa (yeast extract, k2hpo4, mgso4 ·7h2o, soluble starch); aela extract (starch + wat ...	2014	25088293
prevalence of patent strongyloides westeri infections in thoroughbred foals in 2014.	the prevalence of patent strongyloides westeri infections was determined by examination for eggs in fecal samples collected from 513 thoroughbred (tb) foals between february 25 and june 3, 2014. the study was conducted with 244 colts and 269 fillies from 11 well-managed farms in central kentucky. foals ranged from 17 to 117 days of age and had never been dewormed. the mean prevalence of patent s. westeri infection was 30% (156/513 foals). this prevalence was substantially greater than historical ...	2014	25149063
deep amplicon sequencing of preselected isolates of parascaris equorum in β-tubulin codons associated with benzimidazole resistance in other nematodes.	the development of anthelmintic resistance (ar) to macrocyclic lactones in the equine roundworm parascaris equorum has resulted in benzimidazoles now being the most widely used substance to control parascaris infections. however, over-reliance on one drug class is a risk factor for the development of ar. consequently, benzimidazole resistance is widespread in several veterinary parasites, where it is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in drug targets encoded by the β-tubulin ...	2014	25175357
in vitro culture of parascaris equorum larvae and initial investigation of parasite excretory-secretory products.	currently, diagnosis of parascaris equorum infection in equids is limited to patent infections. the goals of this study were to culture p. equorum larvae in vitro and identify excretory-secretory (es) products for prepatent diagnostic testing. parascaris equorum l2/l3 larvae were hatched and cultured for up to 3 weeks for es product collection. fifth stage (l5) p. equorum were also cultured for es product collection. examination of es fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electr ...	2014	25209615
the efficacy of ivermectin, pyrantel and fenbendazole against parascaris equorum infection in foals on farms in australia.	this study was performed to estimate the prevalence of patent parascaris equorum infections and determine the efficacy of ivermectin, pyrantel and fenbendazole against p. equorum infection in foals on farms in southern australia. foals aged >3 months on five farms in the south-western slopes region of new south wales were used. faeces were collected from each foal and foals with a p. equorum faecal egg count (fec) of >100 eggs per gram (epg) were used to measure anthelmintic efficacy using the f ...	2014	25224788
parascaris univalens--a victim of large-scale misidentification?	the equine ascarid parasite parascaris equorum is well known as a ubiquitous parasite infecting foals. a sibling species, parascaris univalens, was first described over 130 years ago, but very little attention has been given to its existence and possible implications for anthelmintic resistance, clinical disease, or host age spectrum. p. univalens only possesses one germ line chromosome pair as opposed to two for p. equorum, but the two species are otherwise considered morphologically identical. ...	2014	25231078
new multiplex pcr method for the simultaneous diagnosis of the three known species of equine tapeworm.	although several techniques exist for the detection of equine tapeworms in serum and feces, the differential diagnosis of tapeworm infection is usually based on postmortem findings and the morphological identification of eggs in feces. in this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method for the simultaneuos detection of anoplocephala magna, anoplocephala perfoliata and anoplocephaloides mamillana has been developed and validated. the method simultaneously amplifies hypervaria ...	2015	25498328
anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes.	anthelmintics have been applied indiscriminately to control horse nematodes for over 40 years. three broad-spectrum anthelmintic classes are currently registered for nematode control in horses: benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, oxibendazole), tetrahydropyrimidines (pyrantel) and macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, moxidectin). generally, control strategies have focused on nematode egg suppression regimens that involve the frequent application of anthelmintics to all horses at intervals based on strong ...	2014	25516842
endoparasites of horses from the formiga city, located in center-west region of the state of minas gerais, brazil.	with the aim of studying the endoparasite fauna of horses from the formiga city, located in center-west region of the state of minas gerais, 25 animals that were naturally infected with helminths were evaluated. by means of parasitological necropsies, different endoparasites were found. the subfamily cyathostominae presented the highest incidence, followed by trichostrongylus axei, oxyuris equi, triodontophorus serratus, strongyloides westeri, strongylus edentatus, habronema muscae, parascaris e ...	2017	25517536
characterization of the ca2+-gated and voltage-dependent k+-channel slo-1 of nematodes and its interaction with emodepside.	the cyclooctadepsipeptide emodepside and its parent compound pf1022a are broad-spectrum nematicidal drugs which are able to eliminate nematodes resistant to other anthelmintics. the mode of action of cyclooctadepsipeptides is only partially understood, but involves the latrophilin lat-1 receptor and the voltage- and calcium-activated potassium channel slo-1. genetic evidence suggests that emodepside exerts its anthelmintic activity predominantly through slo-1. indeed, slo-1 deficient caenorhabdi ...	2014	25521608
prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of equids from organized farms of mumbai and pune.	a total of 1,304 faecal samples of different species of equids were examined for presence of helminthic eggs from five different centres in mumbai and pune regions of maharashtra state from october 2011 to june 2012. overall prevalence of helminthic infestation was found to be 20.63 % with higher rate of occurrence in monsoon (31.29 %) followed by winter (20.40 %) and summer (14.23 %). four species of nematodes viz. strongyles (10.81 %), strongyloides westeri (13.19 %), parascaris equorum (0.23 ...	2015	26063996
epidemiological study of gastrointestinal helminths of equines in damot-gale district, wolaita zone, ethiopia.	the prevalence of equines helminthosis studied from november 2011 to may 2012 in two agroecological zones damot-gale district, wolaita zone, southern ethiopia. the objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence, and to see the distribution of internal helminth parasites of equines. a total of 500 faecal samples collected for coprological examination of gastrointestinal helminth ova. from each species of studied animals 200 positive faecal samples were pooled and cultured, and then the lar ...	2015	26064026
lensless phase microscopy and diffraction tomography with multi-angle and multi-wavelength illuminations using a led matrix.	we demonstrate lensless quantitative phase microscopy and diffraction tomography based on a compact on-chip platform, using only a cmos image sensor and a programmable color led matrix. based on the multi-wavelength phase retrieval and multi-angle illumination diffraction tomography, this platform offers high quality, depth resolved images with a lateral resolution of 3.72μm and an axial resolution of 5μm, across a wide field-of-view of 24mm<sup>2</sup>. we experimentally demonstrate the success ...	2015	26072796
prevalence, intensity and risk factors of infestation with major gastrointestinal nematodes in equines in and around shashemane, southern ethiopia.	prevalence, intensity and risk factors of major gastrointestinal nematode infestation in equines were studied through a cross-sectional survey in 384 equids from october 2013 to april 2014 in and around shashemane, southern ethiopia. three hundred and fifteen equids (82 %) were demonstrated harbouring one or more gastrointestinal (git) nematodes using the faecal flotation technique. the prevalence of git nematode infestation was 73.4, 85 and 86.5 % for horses, mules and donkeys, respectively. th ...	2015	26205906
suspected ivermectin resistance in a south-east queensland parascaris equorum population.	there have been several international reports of macrocyclic lactone (ml)-resistant parascaris equorum over the past decade, but the resistance status of australian p. equorum populations is largely unknown. a case of apparent reduced efficacy of ivermectin against p. equorum in australia was investigated.	2015	26313207
estimation of infection of internal parasites in horses from different type of farms.	studies were carried out in year 2014 during the pasture period (from april to october) in warmia and mazury region. fecal samples were taken from cold- and warmblood horses from individual and agrotouristic farms with the different housing, feeding and pasture- care practices. total of 512 horses were examined (320 mares, 170 geldings and 22 stallions). in the group of 185 horses from individual farms, 119 animals (64.3%) were infected with gastro-intestinal parasites. among the 372 horses from ...	2015	26568992
functional characterization of a novel class of morantel-sensitive acetylcholine receptors in nematodes.	acetylcholine receptors are pentameric ligand-gated channels involved in excitatory neuro-transmission in both vertebrates and invertebrates. in nematodes, they represent major targets for cholinergic agonist or antagonist anthelmintic drugs. despite the large diversity of acetylcholine-receptor subunit genes present in nematodes, only a few receptor subtypes have been characterized so far. interestingly, parasitic nematodes affecting human or animal health possess two closely related members of ...	2015	26625142
innovative molecular diagnosis of trichinella species based on β-carbonic anhydrase genomic sequence.	trichinellosis is a helminthic infection where different species of trichinella nematodes are the causative agents. several molecular assays have been designed to aid diagnostics of trichinellosis. these assays are mostly complex and expensive. the genomes of trichinella species contain certain parasite-specific genes, which can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods. we selected β-carbonic anhydrase (β-ca) gene as a target, because it is present in many parasites genomes but abs ...	2016	26639312
aneurysm of the cranial mesenteric artery as a site of carriage of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi in the horse.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar abortusequi is a pathogen restricted to horses. our investigation targeted 4 draft horses (9-10 months old) kept on a japanese farm that had suffered an outbreak of s. abortusequi abortion. the 4 horses were suspected to be carriers of the bacterium owing to their high agglutination titers (≥1:2,560) in tube agglutination testing. the owners' on-farm observations confirmed that the horses had no apparent abnormalities, and s. abortusequi was not isolat ...	2016	27271985
a survey of seasonal gastrointestinal parasitic infections in donkeys from a semiarid sub-saharan region, sudan.	out of 92 donkeys examined for gastrointestinal parasites, 90 animals were found infected by one or more gastrointestinal parasites with an overall prevalence rate of 97.78%. the distributions of the recovered parasites in the different parts of the body were as follows: stomach, 92.4%, small intestine, 19.6%, caecum, 88%, colon, 80.4%, rectum, 73.9%, and cranial mesenteric artery, 64.1%. a significant difference was found between mean parasite counts and seasons. hot wet season had higher mean ...	2016	27298739
risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths among indigenous donkeys (equus asinus) in northeastern nigeria.	aim. this survey study was conducted from april 2014 through march 2015 in bauchi, yobe, and gombe states, northeastern nigeria, to explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminthosis among indigenous donkeys (equus asinus). materials and methods. a total of six hundred fresh faecal samples were randomly collected from indigenous donkeys of varying age, sex, and settlements. simple flotation and sedimentation techniques were used for the detection of helminth ...	2016	27366344
equine antibody response to larval parascaris equorum excretory-secretory products.	parascaris equorum is an intestinal nematode of foals and young horses that can produce mild to severe pathology. current diagnosis is limited to detection of patent infections, when parasite eggs are identified during fecal examinations. this study examined the use of larval p. equorum excretory-secretory (es) products in a western blot test for diagnosis of prepatent equine p. equorum infection. sera from adult mares negative for patent p. equorum infections, foals prior to consuming colostrum ...	2016	27514890
description of two equine nematodes, parascaris equorum goeze 1782 and habronema microstoma schneider 1866 from the domestic horse equus ferus caballus (famisly: equidae) in egypt.	parasitic gastroenteritis (pge) caused by infection of the gut with parasitic nematodes is one of the most important diseases of livestock animals from both financial and welfare perspectives. parascaris equorum and habronema microstoma are of the most endemic nematodes of the world which are currently the major cause of pge of the domestic horses in egypt. the present investigation introduced the first morphological description of these nematodes recovered from the domestic horse, equus ferus c ...	2016	27539725
incidence of gastro-intestinal parasites in horses of shimoga region, karnataka state.	a study was conducted to ascertain the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in horses of shimoga region, to generate the data regarding status of parasitic infections of equines in karnataka state due to paucity of information. a total of 100 fresh fecal samples of equines were collected and examined by direct and sedimentation method for the detection of parasitic egg/ova. among 100 samples examined, 84 (84.0 %) were found positive for various gastrointestinal helminths. out of 84 positive c ...	2016	27605810
feeding horses with industrially manufactured pellets with fungal spores to promote nematode integrated control.	the usefulness of pellets industrially manufactured with spores of parasiticide fungi as a contribution to integrated nematode control was assessed in grazing horses throughout sixteen months. two groups of 7 pura raza galega autochthonous horses (g-t and g-p) were dewormed pour-on (1mg ivermectin/kg bw) at the beginning of the trial, and other group (g-c) remained untreated. the g-p was provided daily with commercial pellets to which was added a mixture of fungal spores during the industrial ma ...	2016	27809976
a survey on the prevalence of strongyles species in working donkeys in north-west of iran.	faecal samples for detection of gastrointestinal parasites were collected from 60 donkeys from 6 villages in marand, north-west of iran. faecal samples of 2 donkeys (3.33 %) were negative for parasite eggs. 48 positive donkeys (81.66 %) were infected with a single parasite type, 9 (15.51 %) and 1 (1.66 %) of donkeys had multiple infections with two and three parasites, respectively. the highest prevalence and intensity rate belonged to small strongyles. the overall prevalence of intestinal paras ...	2016	27876916
parasites determined by fecal examination in horses in erzurum.	this study aimed to determine the parasites present in horses belonging to the erzurum province.	2016	27905284
investigating interactions between uk horse owners and prescribers of anthelmintics.	helminths are common pathogens of equids and anthelmintic resistance is a major issue in cyathostomin species and parascaris equorum. at the heart of mitigating the impact of increasing anthelmintic resistance levels, is the responsible dissemination and use of these medicines following best practice principles. there is a paucity of information on interactions between horse owners and anthelmintic prescribers and how this shapes control. here, a study was undertaken to determine opinions and ex ...	2016	27931925
the cholinomimetic morantel as an open channel blocker of the ascaris suum acr-16 nachr.	nematode parasite infections pose a significant threat in human and veterinary medicine. at least a third of the world's population is at risk from nematode parasite infections. these infections not only cause health problems, but also cause loss of livestock production and hence, economic losses. anthelmintic drugs are the mainstay by which control of nematode parasite infections is achieved. many of the currently available anthelmintics act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs). howeve ...	2016	27995347