Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| spatial and management factors associated with exposure of smallholder dairy cattle in tanzania to tick-borne pathogens. | a cross-sectional study of serum antibody responses of cattle to tick-borne pathogens (theileria parva, theileria mutans,anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and babesia bovis) was conducted on smallholder dairy farms in tanga and iringa regions of tanzania. seroprevalence was highest for t. parva (48% in iringa and 23% in tanga) and b. bigemina (43% in iringa and 27% in tanga) and lowest for b. bovis (12% in iringa and 6% in tanga). we use spatial and non-spatial models, fitted using classical ... | 2005 | 16023121 |
| comparison of manual and homogenizer methods for preparation of tick-derived stabilates of theileria parva: equivalence testing using an in vitro titration model. | theileria parva sporozoite stabilates are used in the infection and treatment method of immunization, a widely accepted control option for east coast fever in cattle. t. parva sporozoites are extracted from infected adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks either manually, using a pestle and a mortar, or by use of an electric homogenizer. a comparison of the two methods as a function of stabilate infectivity has never been documented. this study was designed to provide a quantitative comparison ... | 2005 | 16038395 |
| analysis of the transcriptome of the protozoan theileria parva using mpss reveals that the majority of genes are transcriptionally active in the schizont stage. | massively parallel signature sequencing (mpss) was used to analyze the transcriptome of the intracellular protozoan theileria parva. in total 1,095,000, 20 bp sequences representing 4371 different signatures were generated from t.parva schizonts. reproducible signatures were identified within 73% of potentially detectable predicted genes and 83% had signatures in at least one mpss cycle. a predicted leader peptide was detected on 405 expressed genes. the quantitative range of signatures was 4-52 ... | 2005 | 16186131 |
| east coast fever and multiple el niño southern oscillation ranks. | east coast fever (ecf), a tick-borne disease of cattle, is a major constraint to livestock development in africa in general and southern zambia in particular. understanding the transmission patterns of this disease complex is very difficult as shown by previous studies in southern and eastern zambia due to the interplay of risk factors. in this long-term study, we investigated whether global weather changes had any influence on disease transmission in traditionally kept cattle in southern zambia ... | 2006 | 16213095 |
| alteration of host cell phenotype by theileria annulata and theileria parva: mining for manipulators in the parasite genomes. | the apicomplexan parasites theileria annulata and theileria parva cause severe lymphoproliferative disorders in cattle. disease pathogenesis is linked to the ability of the parasite to transform the infected host cell (leukocyte) and induce uncontrolled proliferation. it is known that transformation involves parasite dependent perturbation of leukocyte signal transduction pathways that regulate apoptosis, division and gene expression, and there is evidence for the translocation of theileria dna ... | 2006 | 16221473 |
| clinical efficacy and plasma concentrations of two formulations of buparvaquone in cattle infected with east coast fever (theileria parva infection). | east coast fever, caused by the protozoan parasite theileria parva, kills about 600,000 cattle annually in africa. the hydroxynaphthoquinone compound buparvaquone (bpq) is curative. sixteen calves were infected with t. parva. on manifestation of disease symptoms, eight were injected with the original (pioneer) bpq product and eight with a test product containing bpq. all 16 calves were cured by one injection of 2.5 mg bpq/kg bodyweight. the concentration of bpq in blood plasma was monitored by h ... | 2006 | 16289157 |
| using the transcriptome to annotate the genome revisited: application of massively parallel signature sequencing (mpss). | transcriptome analysis can provide useful data for refining genome sequence annotation. application of massively parallel signature sequencing (mpss) revealed reproducible transcription, in multiple mpss cycles, from 73% of computationally predicted genes in the theileria parva schizont lifecycle stage. signatures spanning consecutive exons confirmed 142 predicted introns. mpss identified 83 putative genes, >100 codons overlooked by annotation software, and 139 potentially incorrect gene models ... | 2006 | 16303258 |
| development of a recombinant indirect elisa for the diagnosis of theileria sp. (china) infection in small ruminants. | theileria sp. (china) causes severe limitations on the development of the livestock industry in the north-west of china. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on merozoite homogenate of the parasite for diagnosis of infection has been established; however, cross-reactivity with other small ruminant-infecting piroplasms could not be excluded. thus, a prerequisite for epidemiological surveys and diagnosis was the establishment of a recombinant protein-based elisa. to this end, serum f ... | 2006 | 16425067 |
| theileria parva candidate vaccine antigens recognized by immune bovine cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | east coast fever, caused by the tick-borne intracellular apicomplexan parasite theileria parva, is a highly fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle. the pathogenic schizont-induced lymphocyte transformation is a unique cancer-like condition that is reversible with parasite removal. schizont-infected cell-directed cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) constitute the dominant protective bovine immune response after a single exposure to infection. however, the schizont antigens targeted by t. pa ... | 2006 | 16492763 |
| notch is constitutively active in theileria-transformed b cells and can be further stimulated by the filarial nematode-secreted product, es-62. | theileria parva-infected b cells express jagged-1 and activate notch signalling in a parasite-dependent manner. es-62, a filarial nematode-secreted phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein, is able to further stimulate notch-mediated signalling in parasitized cells. notch is also activated to a similar extent by addition of exogenous il-10, and this occurs prior to any increase in proliferation in t. parva-infected b cells. | 2006 | 16524753 |
| evaluation of buparvaquone (buta-kel kela, belgium) as a treatment of east coast fever in cattle, in the peri-urban of dar es salaam city, tanzania. | evaluation trials of the efficacy of buparvaquone (buta-kel kela laboratoria, n.v. belgium), as a treatment of field cases of theileria parva infection (east coast fever - ecf) were carried out on 63 cattle in the peri-urban of dar es salaam city, tanzania, during the period november 2004 to august 2005. thirty-two cattle (56%) received single-dose treatment (2.5 mg buparvaquone per kg body weight), while two and three-dose treatment with interval(s) of 48 h was given to 33% and 11% of total tre ... | 2006 | 16567050 |
| linkage disequilibrium between alleles at highly polymorphic mini- and micro-satellite loci of theileria parva isolated from cattle in three regions of kenya. | theileria parva schizont-infected lymphocyte culture isolates from western, central and coastal kenya were analysed for size polymorphism at 30 t. parva-specific variable number tandem repeat (vntr) loci using a panel of mini- and micro-satellite markers. the mean number of alleles ranged from 3 to 11 at individual loci and 183 distinct alleles were observed in total, indicating high genetic diversity within the t. parva gene pool in kenyan cattle. the frequency distribution of the length variat ... | 2006 | 16600240 |
| the kinetics of theileria parva infection and lymphocyte transformation in vitro. | theileriaparva is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle known as east coast fever. the parasite infects host lymphocytes causing their transformation and uncontrolled proliferation. infiltration of major organs with parasitized lymphoblasts results in most cases in death within 3 weeks. although both t and b lymphocytes are susceptible to infection, the majority of cell lines arising from infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in v ... | 2006 | 16696979 |
| the effect of high and low dose theileria parva infection on the reproductive function of boran/friesian heifers. | two separate experiments were carried out to find the effect of infection with low and high doses of theileria parva sporozoites on the cyclical status of boran/friesian cross heifers. in each experiment, ten heifers were infected and another four heifers acted as controls. routine monitoring of estrous behavior, determination of serum progesterone concentrations and palpation of the ovaries per rectum were used to assess the cyclical status of each animal. two and eight animals died in the t . ... | 1993 | 16727380 |
| c-jun nh2-terminal kinase/c-jun signaling promotes survival and metastasis of b lymphocytes transformed by theileria. | theileria parasites infect and transform bovine lymphocytes resulting in tumors with metastatic/invasive potential. importantly, cellular transformation is reversed upon drug-induced parasite death, and the infected lymphocyte dies of apoptosis within 48 hours. theileria-dependent transformation leads to the constitutive activation of c-jun nh2-terminal kinase (both jnk1 and jnk2) and permanent induction of activator protein-1. inactivation of jnk (following transfection of dominant-negative mut ... | 2006 | 16778183 |
| disease constraints for utilization of the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) on game ranches in zambia. | eco-tourism depending on wildlife is becoming increasingly profitable and landowners are beginning to favor game farming and ecotourism. in these areas, large-scale translocation of wildlife involves a diversity of species and large populations. the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) is one of the major tourist attractions in zambia. it accounts for 8.7% and 12.4% of the total animal species hunted in the game management areas and the total hunting revenue earned in zambia, respectively. it is ec ... | 2006 | 16786973 |
| effect of agro-ecological zone and grazing system on incidence of east coast fever in calves in mbale and sironko districts of eastern uganda. | between may 2002 and february 2003 a longitudinal survey was carried out in mbale and sironko districts of eastern uganda to determine the influence of agro-ecological zones (aez) and grazing systems on tick infestation patterns and incidence of east coast fever (ecf) in bovine calves. the study area was stratified into aez (lowland, midland and upland) and grazing systems {zero grazing (zg), restricted-outdoor grazing (rog) and communal grazing (cg)}, whose strata had previously been shown to i ... | 2006 | 16797092 |
| post-translational signal peptide cleavage controls differential epitope recognition in the qp-rich domain of recombinant theileria parva pim. | the presence of the schizont stage of the obligate intracellular parasites theileria parva or t. annulata in the cytoplasm of an infected leukocyte results in host cell transformation via a mechanism that has not yet been elucidated. proteins, secreted by the schizont, or expressed on its surface, are of interest as they can interact with host cell molecules that regulate host cell proliferation and/or survival. the major schizont surface protein is the polymorphic immunodominant molecule, pim, ... | 2006 | 16806529 |
| theileria parva and the bovine ctl response: down but not out? | theileria parva is a tick-borne intracellular protozoan of cattle, with obligate sequential differentiation stages in lymphocytes and erythrocytes. immunity is mediated by cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) that target and clear parasitized lymphocytes but allow persistence of infected erythrocytes, which are required for transmission to the tick. the life cycle of t. parva is haploid with the exception of a brief diploid stage in the tick vector during which sexual recombination occurs. there is evi ... | 2006 | 16842270 |
| apicomplexa genes involved in the host cell invasion: the cpa135 protein family. | the availability of a bulk of genomic data of apicomplexa parasites is a unique opportunity to identify groups of related proteins that are characteristic of this phylum. the cpa135 protein of cryptosporidium parvum is expressed and secreted through the apical complex at the invasive stage of sporozoite. this protein is characterised by an lccl domain, a common trait of various secreted proteins within apicomplexa. using the cpa135 as a "virtual template", we have identified cpa135 orthologous g ... | 2006 | 16881408 |
| molecular characterization of a theileria lestoquardi gene encoding for immunogenic protein splice variants. | a theileria lestoquardi schizont cdna library was screened using sera collected from sheep recovering from a natural malignant theileriosis infection. an immunogenic clone (clone-5) was isolated and its full sequence was obtained using rapid amplification of cdna ends polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. pcr experiments and sequencing demonstrated the presence of two transcript forms of the gene, resulting from splicing variation at the single intron found in the gene. both gene products, ... | 2006 | 16896652 |
| acquisition and transmission of theileria parva by vector tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus. | in order to investigate the transmission dynamics of theileria parva (t. parva) by the brown ear tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus (r. appendiculatus), under experimental conditions, detection of t. parva in ticks and cattle was performed by a quantitative real-time pcr assay. a calf inoculated with a t. parva mixture became pcr-positive for t. parva infection on day 8 post-inoculation, and subsequently, nymphal ticks were introduced and maintained to feed on the infected calf for 6 days. engor ... | 2006 | 16899209 |
| reverse line blotting: a new technique for the sensitive detection of tick borne pathogens. | recently, a new molecular diagnostic technique for tick borne pathogens has been developed and is called reverse line blotting. this paper outlines the basis of this method and then illustrates its use for the analysis of blood samples obtained from ugandan cattle and buffalo. the sensitivity and the specificity are discussed in relation to the use of this technique in the maghreb | 2004 | 16929766 |
| theileria-induced constitutive ikk activation is independent of functional hsp90. | the intracellular parasite theileria induces uncontrolled proliferation and host cell transformation. parasite-induced transformation is accompanied by constitutive activation of ikappab kinase (ikk), resulting in permanently high levels of activated nuclear factor (nf)-kappab. ikk activation pathways normally require heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), a chaperone that regulates the stability and activity of signalling molecules and can be blocked by the benzoquinone ansamycin compound geldanamycin ... | 2006 | 16938294 |
| cloned theileria parva produces lesser infections in ticks compared to uncloned t. parva despite similar infections in cattle. | experimental transmissions of cloned theileria parva in cattle with rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks were compared to transmissions with uncloned t. parva during studies on the potential for genetic recombination during syngamy of theileria to produce antigenic diversity for evasion of bovine immunity. prevalence and abundance of t. parva infection in adult ticks, which resulted from the feeding of nymphs on the calves, were significantly higher in the uncloned compared to the cloned t. parva. ... | 2006 | 16958269 |
| theileria parva infection in calves causes massive lymphocyte death in the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes without initial proliferation. | in a study of trends and magnitudes of lymphocytes proliferation, destruction or apoptosis eleven 3-month-old healthy calves were experimentally infected with the protozoan parasite theileria parva, which is reported to cause lymphocyte proliferation. four control calves were not infected. infected and non-infected calves were sacrificed on days 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, 24 and 25 to examine lymphoid tissue changes and lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis in the thymus, spleen and lymph node ... | 2006 | 16962242 |
| large-scale intron conservation and order-of-magnitude variation in intron loss/gain rates in apicomplexan evolution. | the age of modern introns and the evolutionary forces controlling intron loss and gain remain matters of much debate. in the case of the apicomplexan malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, previous studies have shown that while the positions of two thirds of p. falciparum introns are not shared with surveyed non-apicomplexans (leaving open the possibility that they were relatively recently gained), 99.1% are shared with plasmodium yoelii, which diverged from p. falciparum at least 100 mya. we s ... | 2006 | 16963708 |
| extensive genotypic diversity in a recombining population of the apicomplexan parasite theileria parva. | we evaluated sexual recombination in the apicomplexan parasite theileria parva using genome-wide marker analysis of haploid sporozoite populations obtained from infected rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. analysis of 231 parasite clones derived by in vitro infection of bovine lymphocytes revealed 48 distinct combinations of 64 polymorphic marker loci. one genotype accounted for more than 75% of the clones, and the population was highly inbred with respect to this. the occurrence of frequent rec ... | 2006 | 16988220 |
| an outbreak of east coast fever on the comoros: a consequence of the import of immunised cattle from tanzania? | in 2003 and 2004, a severe epidemic decimated the cattle population on grand comore, the largest island of the union of comoros. fatalities started soon after the import of cattle from tanzania. theileria parva and its vector, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, could be identified as the main culprits of the epidemic. characterisation by multilocus genotyping revealed that the t. parva parasites isolated on the comoros were identical to the components of the muguga cocktail vaccine used in tanzania t ... | 2007 | 16996692 |
| a comparison of seroprevalence and risk factors for theileria parva and t. mutans in smallholder dairy cattle in the tanga and iringa regions of tanzania. | a cross sectional serological survey was carried out in two geographical small-scale dairying areas of tanzania to determine the distribution and prevalence and to quantify risk factors for theileria parva and t. mutans during the period january to april 1999. the prevalence of serum antibodies to these two theileria parasites was determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique. the results suggest that the parasites are widely distributed through out the two stu ... | 2007 | 17015024 |
| epidemiological studies on theileriosis and the dynamics of theileria parva infections in rwanda. | an epidemiological analysis based on three country wide surveys was carried out to determine the prevalence of infections with theileria spp. in rwanda. in the 1998 dry season, a total of 264 blood samples were submitted to theileria spp. characterisation using the 18s species-specific pcr-rflp assay. the same samples together with 634 samples (317 samples/season) collected during the 2002 dry season and the 2003 wet season were further analysed using the p104 theileria parva specific pcr. the r ... | 2007 | 17055650 |
| infectivity of theileria parva sporozoites following cryopreservation in four suspension media and multiple refreezing: evaluation by in vitro titration. | theileria parva sporozoite stabilates are used for immunizing cattle against east coast fever and in in vitro sporozoite neutralization assays. in this study, we attempted to identify a cheaper freezing medium and quantified the infectivity loss of sporozoites due to refreezing of stabilates, using an in vitro technique. pools of stabilates prepared using minimum essential medium (mem), roswell park memorial institute (rpmi 1640), foetal calf serum (fcs) and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) were ... | 2006 | 17058443 |
| investigation of map kinase activation in theileria-infected cell lines. | a study on different theileria annulata and theileria parva infected cell lines was performed in order to evaluate the general relevance of the map-kinase activation status for theileria- mediated transformation. | 2006 | 17135553 |
| immunostimulatory cpg oligodeoxynucleotides enhance the induction of bovine cd4+ cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses against the polymorphic immunodominant molecule of the protozoan parasite theileria parva. | enhancement of the induction of cytotoxic t-cell responses by immunostimulatory cpg oligodeoxynucleotides has been described in humans and mouse models. the present study attempted to address whether cpg has a similar effect in cattle. immunisation of cattle with a recombinant form of the polymorphic immunodominant molecule from theileria parva emulsified with immunostimulatory cpg oligodeoxynucleotides in adjuvant had no effect on the induction of antibody responses including the isotype profil ... | 2007 | 17197038 |
| factors influencing the distribution of questing ticks and the prevalence estimation of t. parva infection in brown ear ticks in the tanga region, tanzania. | questing ticks from various districts and agro-ecological zones (aez) in the tanga region of tanzania were studied for a two-year period between september 1999 and july 2001. collections of both nymphal and adult ticks occurred at 29 sites using a blanket or white cloth dragging technique. the species recorded in the order of decreasing abundance were rhipicephalus appendiculatus, boophilus spp., and ambylomma variegatum. rhipicephalus appendiculatus field infestation levels varied across admini ... | 2006 | 17249338 |
| current status of vaccine development against theileria parasites. | the tick-borne protozoan parasites theileria parva and theileria annulata cause economically important diseases of cattle in tropical and sub-tropical regions. because of shortcomings in disease control measures based on therapy and tick control, there is a demand for effective vaccines against these diseases. vaccines using live parasites have been available for over two decades, but despite their undoubted efficacy they have not been used on a large scale. lack of infrastructure for vaccine pr ... | 2006 | 17274845 |
| a novel strategy for the identification of antigens that are recognised by bovine mhc class i restricted cytotoxic t cells in a protozoan infection using reverse vaccinology. | immunity against the bovine protozoan parasite theileria parva has previously been shown to be mediated through lysis of parasite-infected cells by mhc class i restricted cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes. it is hypothesized that identification of ctl target schizont antigens will aid the development of a sub-unit vaccine. we exploited the availability of the complete genome sequence data and bioinformatics tools to identify genes encoding secreted or membrane anchored proteins that may be processed ... | 2007 | 17291333 |
| theileria parva live vaccination: parasite transmission, persistence and heterologous challenge in the field. | the 'muguga cocktail' live vaccine, delivered by an infection and treatment protocol, has been widely deployed in eastern, central and southern africa to protect cattle against east coast fever, caused by theileria parva. the vaccine contains 3 component stocks (muguga, serengeti-transformed and kiambu 5). in a previous study, parasites from vaccinated and unvaccinated animals were genotyped with a panel of micro- and minisatellite markers (oura et al. 2004a) and it was shown that only the kiamb ... | 2007 | 17352850 |
| perception of cattle farmers of the efficacy of east coast fever immunization in southern zambia. | a study using a structured questionnaire was conducted to assess the perception of cattle farmers of the efficacy of east coast fever (ecf) immunization in southern zambia. one hundred and seventy-nine farmers from five districts in southern zambia were interviewed. the majority of farmers (85%) perceived ecf immunization as being very effective and about half of them (51.4%) preferred immunization to other ecf control strategies. the study showed that the number of calves immunized was strongly ... | 2006 | 17405623 |
| sequence polymorphism in the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacers differs among theileria species. | the genomic region spanning the two ribosomal rna internal transcribed spacers (its1 and its2) and the 5.8s rrna gene was cloned and sequenced from sixteen theileria isolates. each theileria species possessed its1 and its2 of unique size(s) and species specific nucleotide sequences. varying degrees of its1 and its2 intra- and inter-species sequence polymorphism were found among ruminant theileria species. the spacers were most polymorphic in the agent of tropical theileriosis, theileria annulata ... | 2007 | 17513053 |
| epidemiological studies on tick-borne diseases of cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan. | a herd-based study was carried out in central equatoria state, southern sudan, to study epidemiological aspects of tick-borne diseases. six herds of cattle situated in three different locations were selected and investigated every 3 months during the year 2005. blood smears for giemsa staining and blood spots on filter paper for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction were collected from 600 apparently healthy indigenous cattle. a total of 69 (11.5%) samples showed the presence of piroplasms in giemsa- ... | 2007 | 17530477 |
| the biological and practical significance of antigenic variability in protective t cell responses against theileria parva. | the evolution of antigenically distinct pathogen strains that fail to cross-protect is well documented for pathogens controlled primarily by humoral immune responses. unlike antibodies, which recognise native proteins, protective t cells can potentially recognise epitopes in a variety of proteins that are not necessarily displayed on the pathogen surface. moreover, individual hosts of different mhc genotypes generally respond to different sets of epitopes. it is therefore less easy to envisage h ... | 2007 | 17580101 |
| determination of potential risk factors associated with theileria annulata and theileria parva infections of cattle in the sudan. | a multi-variate logistic regression analysis was performed on two sets of data on the prevalence of theileria annulata in northern sudan and theileria parva in southern sudan, to determine the potential risk factors that might affect the distribution of the infections in those regions. the logistic regression model was fit with the tested risk factors for each disease, separately. the results indicated that locations, management systems and age could be held as risk factors for t. annulata infec ... | 2007 | 17594114 |
| attachment duration required for rhipicephalus appendiculatus to transmit theileria parva to the host. | theileria parva, the agent of east coast fever (ecf), is transmitted to the host during the blood meal feeding of rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. in order to investigate the relationship between the attachment duration of r. appendiculatus and the transmission of t. parva, infected adult ticks were allowed to attach to naive mice for variable lengths of time. attached ticks and host animal's back skin biopsies from the tick attachment site were collected daily, starting from 24 hours post-ti ... | 2007 | 17627444 |
| influence of host immunity on parasite diversity in theileria parva. | we examined the influence of host immunity on the genotypic diversity of the intracellular transforming cattle parasite theileria parva. by tracking the emergence of discrete parasite genotypes in an animal challenged with a bulk stabilate following immunization with its major component clone, we observed a profound modulation of genotypic frequencies in the breakthrough schizont population. in particular, no incidences of the immunizing clone were observed and a progressive decline was apparent ... | 2007 | 17635866 |
| attenuated vaccines for tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and heartwater: the continuing necessity. | overwhelming evidence has accumulated of the effectiveness of immunization with live attenuated vaccines to control tick-borne diseases of livestock. despite several disadvantages, vaccination with live attenuated organisms against tropical theileriosis, babesiosis and possibly heartwater constitutes one of the most cost-effective intervention strategies. although great advances have been made through genomics and proteomics research, this has not yet translated into effective non-living vaccine ... | 2007 | 17656155 |
| comparison of the survival on ice of thawed theileria parva sporozoites of different stocks cryoprotected by glycerol or sucrose. | stabilates of theileria parva sporozoites are mostly delivered in liquid nitrogen tanks to the east coast fever immunization points. using an in vitro titration model, we assessed the loss of infectivity of several stabilates when they are stored in ice baths for up to 24 h. comparisons, with respect to rates of loss of infectivity, were made between t. parva stocks (chitongo and katete), cryoprotectants (sucrose and glycerol) and method of assessment (in vivo and in vitro techniques). chitongo ... | 2007 | 17708148 |
| red blood cell volume as a predictor of fatal reactions in cattle infected with theileria parva katete. | a comparison of mean corpuscular volume (mcv) and packed cell volume (pcv) was made between cattle undergoing lethal and non-lethal reactions following experimental infections with the apicomplexan protozoa, theileria parva katete. this work confirmed that anaemia occurs in infected animals. however, the fall in pcv was steeper in lethal reactions compared to non-lethal reactions. our results show that animals with initially lower mcv values are more prone to fatal reaction, despite having norma ... | 2007 | 17708152 |
| a rapid and sensitive intracellular flow cytometric assay to identify theileria parva infection within target cells. | theileria parva is an intracellular protozoan parasite transmitted by ticks that causes a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle known as east coast fever. vaccination against the disease currently relies on inoculation of the infective sporozoite stage of the parasite and simultaneous treatment with long-acting formulations of oxytetracycline. sporozoites are maintained as frozen stabilates of triturated infected ticks and the method requires accurate titration of stabilates to determine a ... | 2008 | 17892619 |
| genome sequence of babesia bovis and comparative analysis of apicomplexan hemoprotozoa. | babesia bovis is an apicomplexan tick-transmitted pathogen of cattle imposing a global risk and severe constraints to livestock health and economic development. the complete genome sequence was undertaken to facilitate vaccine antigen discovery, and to allow for comparative analysis with the related apicomplexan hemoprotozoa theileria parva and plasmodium falciparum. at 8.2 mbp, the b. bovis genome is similar in size to that of theileria spp. structural features of the b. bovis and t. parva geno ... | 2007 | 17953480 |
| live immunisation against theileria parva: containing or spreading the disease? | although a live vaccine against theileria parva has been available for over 30 years, concerns that vaccine strains can become established in resident tick populations have impeded its uptake in endemic areas. recently, oura et al. have examined the persistence of vaccine strains in immunised cattle using polymorphic genomic markers. they confirm that elements of the vaccine establish a carrier state in vaccinated animals and present evidence that alleles associated with vaccine strains emerge i ... | 2007 | 17964219 |
| evaluation of the recognition of theileria parva vaccine candidate antigens by cytotoxic t lymphocytes from zebu cattle. | east coast fever (ecf) is a highly fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle caused by theileria parva, a tick-borne intracellular apicomplexan parasite. parasite antigens that are targets of protective cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses are required to formulate a sub-unit vaccine against ecf. a number of ctl target antigens have recently been identified and initial evaluation has shown their vaccine potential. this study aimed to evaluate whether these antigens were recognised by ctl obt ... | 2008 | 17983665 |
| characterization of the fine specificity of bovine cd8 t-cell responses to defined antigens from the protozoan parasite theileria parva. | immunity against the bovine intracellular protozoan parasite theileria parva has been shown to be mediated by cd8 t cells. six antigens targeted by cd8 t cells from t. parva-immune cattle of different major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genotypes have been identified, raising the prospect of developing a subunit vaccine. to facilitate further dissection of the specificity of protective cd8 t-cell responses and to assist in the assessment of responses to vaccination, we set out to identify the ... | 2008 | 18070892 |
| titrating theileria parva: single stocks against combination of stocks. | theileria parva is the causative agent of east coast fever (ecf), an important cattle disease in east and central africa. one of the methods for control of ecf is 'infection and treatment', a procedure in which an animal is infected with the live parasite and at the same time treated with a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation, restraining the infection and allowing a protective cellular immune response to develop. optimal immunizing doses were estimated using models of trichotomous response: ... | 2008 | 18155195 |
| the sensitivity of pcr and serology in different theileria parva epidemiological situations in rwanda. | theileria parva is the causative agent of a lethal tick-borne disease of cattle occurring in eastern, central and southern africa. variations in the sensitivity of the serological and molecular tests with seasonal vector occurrence and discrepancies between low pcr prevalence and high t. parva vector density are a setback to estimate true prevalences. therefore, the objectives of the present studies were to evaluate (1) the sensitivity of three serological tests (ifat, elisa and selisa) and one ... | 2008 | 18384961 |
| evolutionary origin of the protozoan parasites histone-like proteins (hu). | the histone-like proteins (hu) belong to a family of dna architectural proteins that stabilize nucleoprotein complexes. we found a putative hu protein (tgglmhmm_3045) in toxoplasma gondii genome that was homologous to the bacterial hu protein. this putative sequence was located in the scaffold tgg_995361 of the chromosome 10. the sequence included the prokaryotic bacterial histone-like domain, kfgslglrrrgervarnprt (id number ps00045). hu protein sequences were also found in plasmodium falciparum ... | 2008 | 18430986 |
| dissection of the clonal composition of bovine alphabeta t cell responses using t cell receptor vbeta subfamily-specific pcr and heteroduplex analysis. | although techniques that permit analysis of the clonal composition of t cell populations have been used extensively to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that influence efficacy of t cell responses in humans and mice, such methods are lacking for other animal species. in this paper we report the establishment and validation of a panel of vbeta subfamily-specific semi-nested pcr assays, and a cdr3beta heteroduplex technique for analysing the clonal diversity of bovine alphabeta t ce ... | 2008 | 18436232 |
| live immunisation against theileria parva: spreading the disease? | 2008 | 18450513 | |
| orientation of bovine ctl responses towards pim, an antibody-inducing surface molecule of theileria parva, by dna subunit immunization. | east coast fever, an acute lymphoproliferative disease of cattle, is caused by the apicomplexan parasite theileria parva. protective immunity is mediated by cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes directed against schizont-infected cells. the polymorphic immunodominant molecule, although an antibody-inducing surface molecule of the schizont, has been hypothesized to play a role in protective immunity. in order to evaluate the immunogenicity of pim for inducing ctl, cattle were immunized with pim in isola ... | 2008 | 18466981 |
| development and evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction test for the detection of theileria parva infections in cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) and cattle. | corridor disease, caused by the tick-borne protozoan parasite theileria parva, is a controlled disease in south africa. the cape buffalo is the reservoir host and uninfected buffalo have become sought-after by the game industry in south africa, particularly for introduction into corridor disease-free areas. a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for detection of t. parva dna in buffalo and cattle was developed to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the official diagnostic test p ... | 2008 | 18514421 |
| clinical features associated with seroconversion to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections in african cattle under natural tick challenge. | a longitudinal study was conducted in southeast uganda for 14 months on 640 zebu cattle kept under natural tick challenge, with a view to identifying clinical features for prediction of seroconversion to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections. physical examination, condition scoring and tick counts were undertaken on all cattle every 4 weeks. in addition, 5300 sera were collected and analysed for antibodies against a. marginale, b. bigemina and t. parva infections u ... | 2008 | 18579313 |
| infection of cattle with theileria parva induces an early cd8 t cell response lacking appropriate effector function. | theileria parva causes an acute lympho-proliferative disease in cattle, which can result in death of susceptible animals within 2-3 weeks of infection. analyses of the cellular response in the lymph node draining the site of infection demonstrated an early t cell response, with the appearance of large numbers of uninfected lymphoblasts between 6 and 9 days p.i., coinciding with initial detection of parasitised cells. there was a marked increase in the representation of cd8(+) t cells and the eme ... | 2008 | 18590735 |
| use of a pan-vbeta primer permits the amplification and sequencing of tcrbeta chains expressed by bovine t-cell clones following a single semi-nested pcr reaction. | we report in this study the design and validation of a pan-vbeta primer that in combination with cbeta-specific primers enables the amplification, in a single semi-nested pcr, of tcrbeta chains expressed by bovine t-cell clones irrespective of the expressed vbeta sequence. using the pan-vbeta primer we examined the tcrbeta chains expressed by 16 theileria parva-specific clones that had not been previously analysed. tcrbeta chain sequence was obtained from 15 of the clones following direct sequen ... | 2008 | 18635266 |
| development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for diagnosis of tropical theileriosis. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed and evaluated for diagnosis of tropical theileriosis. a set of six primers was designed based on the unique gene of theileria annulata (theileria annulata strain ankara hypothetical protein (genedb ta04795). the protocol for the reaction was setup and the specificity and sensitivity of the assay were established. the specificity experiment showed that lamp primers amplified t. annulata dna successfully, while no amplification wa ... | 2008 | 18666968 |
| distribution and application of elisa for the seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases in central equatoria state, sudan. | this study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of theileria parva, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale antibodies among naturally infected cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). three locations (khor rumla, nyaing and gumbo) were selected and surveyed every 3 months during the period from january to december 2005. six cattle herds in the three locations were visited four times during the study peri ... | 2008 | 18666971 |
| occurrence of theileria parva infection in cattle on a farm in the ladysmith district, kwazulu-natal, south africa. | theileria parva causes widespread morbidity and mortality in cattle in endemic regions. an outbreak of theileriosis occurred on a farm near ladysmith in kwazulu-natal, south africa, which is not a declared corridor disease-infected area. a survey of red brangus cattle from all age groups and areas of the farm was performed. transmission of the parasite from infected animals on the farm to susceptible animals by tick transmission and tick-stabilate injection, was attempted. the survey indicated h ... | 2008 | 18678189 |
| pcr-based detection of blood parasites in cattle and adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. | to ascertain the infection rate for tick-borne pathogens in zambia, an epidemiological survey of theileria parva, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale in traditionally managed sanga cattle was conducted using pcr. of the 71 native zambian cattle, 28 (39.4%) were positive for t. parva, 16 (22.5%) for b. bigemina and 34 (47.9%) for a. marginale. the mixed infection rate in cattle was 8.5% (6/71), 16.9% (12/71), 7.0% (5/71) and 2.8% (2/71) for t. parva/b. bigemina, t. parva/a. marginale, b. big ... | 2009 | 18700182 |
| hijacking of host cellular functions by the apicomplexa. | intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria subvert all the major cellular functions of their hosts. targeted host processes include protein synthesis, membrane trafficking, modulation of gene expression, antigen presentation, and apoptosis. in recent years, it has become evident that protozoan pathogens, including members of the phylum apicomplexa, also hijack their host cell's functions to access nutrients and to escape cellular defenses and immune responses. these obligate intracellu ... | 2008 | 18785844 |
| using glimmerm to find genes in eukaryotic genomes. | glimmerm is a eukaryotic gene finder that has been used in the annotation of the genomes of plasmodium falciparum (the malaria parasite), the model plant arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa (rice), the parasite theileria parva, and the fungus aspergillus fumigatus. a unique feature of the system compared to other eukaryotic gene finders is a module that allows users to provide their own data and train glimmerm for any organism. | 2002 | 18792941 |
| effects of anti-tick cocktail vaccine against rhipicephalus appendiculatus. | rhipicephalus appendiculatus serpin-3 (ras-3), r. appendiculatus serpin-4 (ras-4) and a 36-kda immuno-dominant protein of r. appendiculatus (rim36) were reported as candidate antigens for the anti-tick vaccine to control ixodid ticks. in the present study, we generated recombinant proteins of ras-3 (rras-3), ras-4 (rras-4) and rim36 (rrim36), and assessed their potency as an anti-tick cocktail vaccine in cattle model. rt-pcr analysis showed that ras-3, ras-4 and rim36 transcripts were detected i ... | 2008 | 18828446 |
| properties of non-coding dna and identification of putative cis-regulatory elements in theileria parva. | parasites in the genus theileria cause lymphoproliferative diseases in cattle, resulting in enormous socio-economic losses. the availability of the genome sequences and annotation for t. parva and t. annulata has facilitated the study of parasite biology and their relationship with host cell transformation and tropism. however, the mechanism of transcriptional regulation in this genus, which may be key to understanding fundamental aspects of its parasitology, remains poorly understood. in this s ... | 2008 | 19055776 |
| existence of splicing variants in homologues of theileria lestoquardi clone-5 gene's transcripts in theileria annulata and theileria parva. | clone 5 has been described as an immunogenic protein and was used to establish an elisa for malignant theileriosis. molecular characterization of the gene product revealed alternative splicing at the single intron resulting in two mrna transcripts, translating into a long and a short protein form. homologues of clone 5 exist in theileria annulata and t. parva according to the available annotated genbank sequences, showing however only the long protein forms in these parasites (genbank accession ... | 2008 | 19120213 |
| live immunization against east coast fever--current status. | the infection-and-treatment method (itm) for immunization of cattle against east coast fever has historically been used only on a limited scale because of logistical and policy constraints. recent large-scale deployment among pastoralists in tanzania has stimulated demand. concurrently, a suite of molecular tools, developed from the theileria parva genome, has enabled improved quality control of the immunizing stabilate and post-immunization monitoring of the efficacy and biological impact of it ... | 2009 | 19135416 |
| quantitative analysis of cytokine mrna expression and protozoan dna load in theileria parva-infected cattle. | theileria parva (t. parva) causes a highly serious bovine disease called east coast fever (ecf), which is characterized by pyrexia, dyspnea and cachexia and is of great economic importance in african countries. we hypothesize that the clinical symptoms of ecf could be explained by a cytokine dysregulation. in this study, we investigated the relationship between t. parva dna load and expression levels of cytokine mrnas in leukocytes from experimentally infected calves by quantitative pcr. the p10 ... | 2009 | 19194076 |
| fusion of a cell penetrating peptide from hiv-1 tat to the theileria parva antigen tp2 enhances the stimulation of bovine cd8+ t cell responses. | immunity to the bovine apicomplexan parasite theileria parva is associated with mhc-i restricted cd8+ t cell responses directed against the intralymphocytic schizont stage of the parasite. a number of schizont-stage antigens that are targets of cd8+ t cell responses from immune animals have been identified but an effective delivery strategy that consistently induces protective cd8+ t cell responses remains to be developed. this study aimed to determine whether fusing tat, a cell penetrating pept ... | 2009 | 19249107 |
| expression analysis of the theileria parva subtelomere-encoded variable secreted protein gene family. | the intracellular protozoan parasite theileria parva transforms bovine lymphocytes inducing uncontrolled proliferation. proteins released from the parasite are assumed to contribute to phenotypic changes of the host cell and parasite persistence. with 85 members, genes encoding subtelomeric variable secreted proteins (svsps) form the largest gene family in t. parva. the majority of svsps contain predicted signal peptides, suggesting secretion into the host cell cytoplasm. | 2009 | 19325907 |
| bovine immunity - a driver for diversity in theileria parasites? | theileria parva and theileria annulata are tick-borne parasites of cattle that infect and transform leukocytes, causing severe and often fatal parasitic leukoses. both species provoke strong immunity against subsequent infection. however, considerable diversity is observed in field populations of each parasite and protection is only assured against homologous challenge. the life cycles of these parasites are complex and involve prolonged exposure to host and vector defence mechanisms. although t ... | 2009 | 19423397 |
| highly syntenic and yet divergent: a tale of two theilerias. | the published genomic sequences of the two major host-transforming theileria species of cattle represent a rich resource of information that has allowed novel bioinformatic and experimental studies into these important apicomplexan parasites. since their publication in 2005, the genomes of t. annulata and t. parva have been utilised for a diverse range of applications, ranging from candidate antigen discovery to the identification of genetic markers for population analysis. this has led to advan ... | 2009 | 19460310 |
| in silico analysis of the cyclophilin repertoire of apicomplexan parasites. | abstract: | 2009 | 19555495 |
| quantification of theileria parva in rhipicephalus appendiculatus (acari: ixodidae) confirms differences in infection between selected tick strains. | theileria parva is the etiologic agent of east coast fever, an economically important disease of cattle in sub-saharan africa. this protozoan parasite is biologically transmitted by rhipicephalus appendiculatus (neumann) (acari: ixodidae). an understanding of the vector-parasite interaction may aid the development of improved methods for controlling transmission. we developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) and nested pcr (npcr) assays targeting the t. parva-specific p104 gene to s ... | 2009 | 19645294 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays for detection of theileria parva infections targeting the pim and p150 genes. | we have developed two loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays for the detection of theileria parva, the causative agent of east coast fever (ecf), an economically important cattle disease in eastern, central and southern africa. these assays target the polymorphic immunodominant molecule (pim) and p150 lamp genes. the primer set for each gene target consists of six primers, and each set recognises eight distinct regions on the target gene to give highly specific detection of t. parv ... | 2010 | 19654009 |
| cd8+ t-cell responses to theileria parva are preferentially directed to a single dominant antigen: implications for parasite strain-specific immunity. | although immunodominance of cd8(+) t-cell responses is a well-recognised feature of viral infections, its role in responses to more antigenically complex pathogens is less clear. in previous studies we have observed that cd8(+) t-cell responses to theileria parva exhibit different patterns of parasite strain specificity in cattle of different mhc genotypes. in the current study, we demonstrated that animals homozygous for the a10 and a18 mhc haplotypes have detectable responses to only one of 5 ... | 2009 | 19670382 |
| progress towards understanding the immunobiology of theileria parasites. | the pathogenic theileria species theileria parva and t. annulata infect bovine leukocytes and erythrocytes causing acute, often fatal lymphoproliferative diseases in cattle. the parasites are of interest not only because of their economic importance as pathogens, but also because of their unique ability to transform the leukocytes they infect. the latter property allows parasitized leukocytes to be cultured as continuously growing cell lines in vitro, thus providing an amenable in vitro system t ... | 2009 | 19691866 |
| detection of theileria parva antibodies in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the livestock-wildlife interface areas of zambia. | a serolocigical survey was conducted for the detection of theileria parva antibodies in 176 african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) sampled between 1996 and 2005 in livestock-wildlife interface areas of zambia. rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus species, and amblyomma variegatum were the most abundant tick species identified on buffaloes. t. parva sero-positives were reported in buffaloes sampled from game management areas at mlanga and nanzhila bordering the kafue national parks and in the ... | 2009 | 19733007 |
| [analysis of 5'-leader regions in protozoa type apicomplexa and red algae plastids]. | apicomplexan parasites contain the apicoplasts, a chloroplast-like organelle. by means of the multiple alignments of 5'-leader regions for the plastid-encoded genes, we found some conserved non-coding regions in the parasites as well as in red algae. we suppose these regions are the sites for interaction between the rna and regulatory proteins. conservative sites was found upstream gene ycf24, required for [fe-s]-clasters development, and upstream some other genes. in particular, in toxoplasma g ... | 2009 | 19807020 |
| development of a new score to estimate clinical east coast fever in experimentally infected cattle. | east coast fever is a tick-transmitted disease in cattle caused by theileria parva protozoan parasites. quantification of the clinical disease can be done by determining a number of variables, derived from parasitological, haematological and rectal temperature measurements as described by rowlands et al. (2000). from a total of 13 parameters a single ecf-score is calculated that allows categorization of infected cattle in five different classes that correlate with the severity of clinical signs. ... | 2010 | 19819632 |
| development of a tandem repeat-based multilocus typing system distinguishing babesia bovis geographic isolates. | mini- and microsatellite sequences have proven to be excellent tools for the differentiation of strains and populations in several protozoan parasites due to their high variability. in the present work we have searched the genome of the tick-transmitted bovine hemoprotozoon babesia bovis for tandem repeats (trs) that could be useful for a multilocus typing system. hundred and nineteen sequences were shortlisted and tested in five common b. bovis reference isolates originating from distinct geogr ... | 2010 | 19833439 |
| four p67 alleles identified in south african theileria parva field samples. | previous studies characterizing the theileria parva p67 gene in east africa revealed two alleles. cattle-derived isolates associated with east coast fever (ecf) have a 129bp deletion in the central region of the p67 gene (allele 1), compared to buffalo-derived isolates with no deletion (allele 2). in south africa, corridor disease outbreaks occur if there is contact between infected buffalo and susceptible cattle in the presence of vector ticks. although ecf was introduced into south africa in t ... | 2010 | 19836893 |
| genotypic diversity, a survival strategy for the apicomplexan parasite theileria parva. | the tick-borne protozoan parasite theileria parva causes east coast fever (ecf), a severe lymphoproliferative disease of cattle that is a major constraint to the improvement of livestock in eastern, central and southern africa. studies in cattle experimentally infected with t. parva have shown that the protective cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response is tightly focused, with individual animals recognizing only one or two dominant antigens, the identity of which varies with mhc class i phenotype. ... | 2010 | 19837514 |
| a nested pcr assay exhibits enhanced sensitivity for detection of theileria parva infections in bovine blood samples from carrier animals. | theileria parva causes east coast fever, an economically important disease of cattle in sub-saharan africa. we describe a nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) assay for the detection of t. parva dna in cattle blood spotted onto filter paper using primers derived from the t. parva-specific 104-kda antigen (p104) gene. the sensitivity of this assay was compared to a previously described p104-based pcr and also the reverse line blot (rlb) technique, using serial dilutions of blood from a calf wi ... | 2010 | 19902251 |
| demonstration of differences in virulence between two theileria parva isolates. | in areas with a low incidence of infection due to unimodal presence of ticks, theileria parva has been observed to induce a disease with relatively low pathology. this is followed by a carrier state, rather than death and therefore provides a better chance of transmission of the parasite back to the tick vector since in unimodal conditions, the different tick stages occur at different times. one isolate from such an area in zambia, t. parva chitongo, was compared for virulence with t. parva mugu ... | 2010 | 20044208 |
| evolution and diversity of secretome genes in the apicomplexan parasite theileria annulata. | little is known about how apicomplexan parasites have evolved to infect different host species and cell types. theileria annulata and theileria parva invade and transform bovine leukocytes but each species favours a different host cell lineage. parasite-encoded proteins secreted from the intracellular macroschizont stage within the leukocyte represent a critical interface between host and pathogen systems. genome sequencing has revealed that several theileria-specific gene families encoding secr ... | 2010 | 20082698 |
| characterisation of gp34, a gpi-anchored protein expressed by schizonts of theileria parva and t. annulata. | using bioinformatics tools, we searched the predicted theileria annulata and t. parva proteomes for putative schizont surface proteins. this led to the identification of gp34, a gpi-anchored protein that is stage-specifically expressed by schizonts of both theileria species and is downregulated upon induction of merogony. transfection experiments in hela cells showed that the gp34 signal peptide and gpi anchor signal are also functional in higher eukaryotes. epitope-tagged tp-gp34, but not ta-gp ... | 2010 | 20381541 |
| estimating seroprevalence and variation to four tick-borne infections and determination of associated risk factors in cattle under traditional mixed farming system in mbeere district, kenya. | a cross-sectional study of serum antibody responses of cattle to tick-borne disease (tbd) parasites (theileria parva, theileria mutans, anaplasma marginale and babesia bigemina) was conducted on traditional smallholder mixed farms in mbeere district in kenya. the objective was to estimate the infections' seroprevalence and variation and identify associated risk factors. a total of 440 cattle in 80 farms, selected by stratified random sampling from the four divisions in the district, were surveye ... | 2010 | 20434227 |
| comparison between reverse line blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in diagnosis of major tick-borne diseases of cattle in southern sudan. | the performance of reverse line blot (rlb) in detecting dna of theileria parva, theileria mutans and babesia bigemina was assessed in comparison with specific antibody detection using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for the same parasites. among 90 field samples from central equatoria state, southern sudan, elisa reported more positive samples than rlb did. the concordance of rlb showed 66.7%, 81.1% and 48.9% relative to the results of elisa for t. parva, t. mutans and b. big ... | 2010 | 20537106 |
| a schizont-derived protein, tpscop, is involved in the activation of nf-kappab in theileria parva-infected lymphocytes. | theileria parva is a tick-transmitted intracellular protozoan parasite that causes east coast fever, a fatal bovine lymphoproliferative disease. the molecular mechanisms that underlie host cell transformation by t. parva schizonts have been studied extensively, and it is known that the nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-kappab) is activated in schizont-infected cells, making t. parva-transformed cells resistant to apoptosis. however, the mechanism by which the parasite triggers the activation of nf-kapp ... | 2010 | 20540970 |
| a babesia bovis gene syntenic to theileria parva p67 is expressed in blood and tick stage parasites. | completion of the babesia bovis (t2bo strain) genome provides detailed data concerning the predicted proteome of this parasite, and allows for a bioinformatics approach to gene discovery. comparative genomics of the hemoprotozoan parasites b. bovis and theileria parva revealed a highly conserved syntenic block of genes flanking the p67 gene of t. parva, a sporozoite stage-specific vaccine candidate against east coast fever (ecf). the syntenic gene in b. bovis, designated bov57, encodes a protein ... | 2010 | 20638797 |
| occurrence of theileria parva and other haemoprotozoa in cattle at the edge of hluhluwe-imfolozi park, kwazulu-natal, south africa. | theileria parva, the most important bovine theilerial species in sub-saharan africa, causes widespread mortality and morbidity in endemic areas. a survey was conducted using buffy-coat specimens from 60 apparently healthy adult communally herded nguni-type cattle at the northeastern edge of the hluhluwe-imfolozi park to determine, by means of pcr and reverse line blot (rlb) hybridisation, the occurrence of theileria and babesia species. the presence of trypanosoma species was determined using pc ... | 2010 | 20649154 |
| identification of papain-like cysteine proteases from the bovine piroplasm babesia bigemina and evolutionary relationship of piroplasms c1 family of cysteine proteases. | papain-like cysteine proteases have been shown to have essential roles in parasitic protozoa and are under study as promising drug targets. five genes were identified by sequence similarity search to be homologous to the cysteine protease family in the ongoing babesia bigemina genome sequencing project database and were compared with the annotated genes from the complete bovine piroplasm genomes of babesia bovis, theileria annulata, and theileria parva. multiple genome alignments and sequence an ... | 2011 | 20655912 |
| development and laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow device (lfd) for the serodiagnosis of theileria annulata infection. | several dna-based and serological tests have been established for the detection of theileria annulata infection, including polymerase chain reaction, reverse line blot and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and competitive elisa. in this study, we have applied knowledge from the development and application of a recombinant protein-based indirect elisa and competitive elisa to establish a rapid test for point-of-care diagnosis of t. annulat ... | 2010 | 20680339 |