| effect of different methods of maintenance on the development and morphology of babesia bigemina in the gut of boophilus microplus. | the development and morphology of babesia bigemina in the gut of boophilus microplus ticks were studied during laboratory maintenance of the babesia by four methods: tick transmission in unsplenectomised (intact) calves; tick transmission in splenectomised calves; syringe passage at intervals of five days or less in splenectomised calves; and syringe passage at intervals of six weeks or more in intact calves. the first method had no apparent effect on the development of b bigemina in ticks compa ... | 1986 | 3704330 |
| chemoprophylactic activity of imidocarb, diminazene and oxytetracycline against babesia bovis and b. bigemina. | splenectomized calves treated with imidocarb, diminazene, and oxytetracycline were exposed to babesia bigemina and b. bovis stabilates at various time intervals following treatment to evaluate prophylactic efficacy. diminazene showed no residual activity against a b. bigemina challenge given 54 days after treatment. oxytetracycline appeared responsible for an increased incubation time when given 2 days prior to b. bigemina exposure. imidocarb showed marked prophylactic efficacy against both b. b ... | 1986 | 3739203 |
| concentration and enzyme content of in vitro-cultured babesia bigemina-infected erythrocytes. | clones of in vitro-cultured babesia bigemina-infected erythrocytes were concentrated by several density gradient procedures. the density range of infected erythrocytes containing pairs of parasites was 1.077 to 1.089 g/ml, whereas the density range of infected erythrocytes containing single parasites was 1.092 to 1.100 g/ml. three enzymes--lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-phosphate isomerase, and glutamate dehydrogenase--were found associated with infected erythrocytes. the parasite-specific enzym ... | 1986 | 3795142 |
| experimental infections of babesia bigemina in american bison. | babesia bigemina was experimentally transmitted from cattle to bison and back to cattle. one spleen-intact and two splenectomized american bison (bison bison) inoculated with a b. bigemina stabilate exhibited clinical and hematological signs of babesiosis within 10 days of exposure. blood from the infected bison produced disease in a splenectomized bovine steer. | 1987 | 3820431 |
| the effect of babesia bigemina infections caused by cattle ticks on nigerian economy. | | 1985 | 3841960 |
| in vitro cultivation of babesia bigemina. | a strain of babesia bigemina was isolated from an infected calf and propagated in vitro. culture conditions included washing of infected and normal bovine erythrocytes in a special solution, and the use of a 5% to 10% (v/v) erythrocyte suspension in medium 199 (with 20% to 50% fresh normal bovine serum) at a depth of 4 mm in a 5% co2, 2% o2, 93% n2 atmosphere. after 36 days in vitro and 9 subcultures, the cultured organism was inoculated into a susceptible calf. this calf developed clinical sign ... | 1985 | 3888009 |
| cryopreservation of babesia bigemina for in vitro cultivation. | babesia bigemina-infected rbc and merozoites were cryopreserved and used to initiate in vitro cultures in normal bovine rbc; the cryoprotectant was a final 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone in vega y martinez solution. a cooling rate of 20 c/min until -80 c and then rapid transfer to liquid n2 storage was satisfactory. samples for culture initiation were rapidly thawed at 37 c, washed in vega y martinez solution and resuspended in complete culture media containing 10% normal bovine rbc. the optimum cultu ... | 1985 | 3922260 |
| susceptibility of bos indicus and bos taurus to anaplasma marginale and babesia bigemina infections. | the reaction of bos taurus and pure-bred bos indicus heifers to infection with the intraerythrocytic parasites anaplasma marginale and babesia bigemina was studied. b. bigemina infection at 18 months and a. marginale infection at 13 or 24 months resulted in slightly less severe reactions in pure-bred bos indicus cattle than in bos taurus. in both breeds, the reaction to a. marginale infection was more severe in older cattle. the severity of b. bigemina infection was not affected by a previous in ... | 1985 | 3992874 |
| cross-reaction of tick salivary antigens in the boophilus microplus-cattle system. | calves were immunized with boophilus microplus saliva, filtered through millipore membranes, in freund's complete adjuvant. serum samples were tested by passive hemagglutination against babesia bigemina, anaplasma marginale, b. microplus larvae extract, stomoxys calcitrans extract and b. microplus saliva. after immunization, titers to saliva, larval tick-extract and to s. calcitrans were increased. the challenge with live tick larvae enhanced the formation of antibodies against larva extract, fl ... | 1985 | 3992881 |
| further studies of haemagglutinating antigens of babesia bigemina. | | 1973 | 4120969 |
| the use of a slide agglutination test to demonstrate antigenic differences between babesia bigemina parasites. | | 1973 | 4124696 |
| proteolytic enzyme activity in the intra-erythrocytic parasites babesia argentina and babesia bigemina. | | 1973 | 4129425 |
| the preferential invasion of young erythrocytes in acute babesia bigemina infections of splenectomised calves. | | 1974 | 4134813 |
| fluorescent antibody tests for babesia bigemina and b. berbera. | | 1972 | 4552938 |
| detection of antibodies to babesia bigemina in dried blood samples using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. | | 1973 | 4578938 |
| immunity of cattle to babesia bigemina following its elimination from the host, with observations on antibody levels detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. | | 1974 | 4594670 |
| a direct counting technique for estimating high parasitaemias in infections of babesia argentina, babesia bigemina and plasmodium berghei. | | 1973 | 4595621 |
| immunity to babesia bigemina in experimentally infected cattle. | | 1972 | 4629841 |
| effects of low temperature preservation and route of inoculation on infectivity of babesia bigemina in blood diluted with glycerol. | | 1972 | 4630813 |
| susceptibility of non-splenectomized and splenectomized sahiwal cattle to experimental babesia bigemina infection. | | 1973 | 4693430 |
| chemoprophylaxis (imidocarb) against babesia bigemina and babesia argentina infections. | | 1973 | 4747036 |
| osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in acute babesia argentina and babesia bigemina infections in splenectomised bos taurus calves. | | 1973 | 4792009 |
| the isolation, separation and preservation of babesia bigemina. | | 1973 | 4802625 |
| bovine babesiosis: sterile immunity to babesia bigemina and babesia argentina infections. | | 1973 | 4807692 |
| babesia bigemina: immune response of cattle inoculated with irradiated parasites. | | 1974 | 4815017 |
| survival of the parasitic protozoan, babesia bigemina, in blood cooled at widely different rates to -196 degrees c. | | 1974 | 4822484 |
| serological diagnosis of babesia bigemina infection in cattle by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. | | 1968 | 4888101 |
| the chemotherapy of babesia bigemina infection in cattle. | | 1965 | 4955853 |
| circulating antigens in cattle infected with babesia bigemina or b. argentina. | | 1966 | 4961205 |
| [a cytochemical study on merozoites of babesia ovis and babesia bigemina (piroplasmidea) in the hemolymph of ticks]. | | 1969 | 4978490 |
| immunological studies on piroplasmosis of cattle. 3. isolation of soluble antigen of babesia bigemina and its serological properties. | | 1968 | 4979628 |
| the infection of boophilus microplus with babesia bigemina. | | 1968 | 4984380 |
| [fine structure of the merozoites of babesia bigemina in the ovary of boophilus microplus and boophilus decoloratus]. | | 1969 | 4988938 |
| [transfer and persistence of antibodies to babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale acquired via the colostrum]. | | 1970 | 4992454 |
| the inability of a south african babesia bovis vaccine strain to infect boophilus microplus. | a strain of babesia bovis that had been attenuated by rapid syringe passage through a series of 23 splenectomized calves was unable to infect its vector boophilus microplus. an attempt to transmit the attenuated australian babesia bigemina g strain with a south african strain of b. microplus was likewise unsuccessful. the epidemiological implication of these observations in terms of babesiosis control is discussed. | 1986 | 3763166 |
| protection of babesia bigemina-immune animals against subsequent challenge with virulent babesia bovis. | two groups of cattle, one previously exposed to babesia bigemina and one not, were challenged with babesia bovis. the group previously infected with babesia bigemina was only mildly affected upon challenge with b. bovis, whereas four of five of the other group were severely affected. immunoblotting studies performed in both homologous and heterologous systems showed that there were polypeptides of similar molecular weight in both species, but species-specific polypeptides were demonstrated only ... | 1987 | 3542832 |
| ticks parasitising the indian buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and their possible role in disease transmission. | a total of 13 ixodid tick species, boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis bispinosa, haemaphysalis cornupunctata, haemaphysalis himalaya, heamaphysalis montgomeryi, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, hyalomma dromedarii, hyalomma marginatum isaaci, hyalomma (hyalommina) brevipunctata, hyalomma (hyalommina) hussaini, nosomma monstrosum, rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, and r. turanicus were collected off 424 buffaloes from the northwestern states of india. ten tick species, amblyomma testudinarium, b. mi ... | 1988 | 3369083 |
| detection of babesia bovis using dna hybridization. | plasmids containing inserts of babesia bovis dna were prepared and clones suitable for use in the diagnosis of b. bovis infections were isolated. dot blot hybridization with dna from these plasmids, which probably contain repetitive sequences, can detect after an overnight exposure 100 pg of b. bovis dna, which corresponds to the amount of dna present in 50 microliters of 0.01% parasitemic erythrocytes. no detectable cross-hybridization was observed with babesia microti, plasmodium falciparum, p ... | 1986 | 3007751 |
| infectivity of cryopreserved babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma centrale for cattle after thawing, dilution and incubation at 30 degrees c. | blood containing either babesia bovis, babesia bigemina or anaplasma centrale was mixed with an equal volume of 3 m glycerol in phosphate-buffered saline with or without glucose and then stored in liquid nitrogen for 2-30 days. after being thawed, the parasitized blood was subjected to various procedures, including dilution up to 1000-fold followed by incubation at 30 or 4 degrees c for 8 h, before infectivity of the parasites was tested in a total of 70 cattle. the results showed that the blood ... | 1989 | 2763444 |
| detection of babesia bigemina in cattle by a radioimmunoassay incorporating specifically depleted antigen. | it was observed that mild acidification (ph less than 4.0) together with solvent extraction of the soluble sonicate of a crude preparation of babesia bigemina infected cattle erythrocytes caused a quantitative loss of b. bigemina-specific antigen. cross-reacting antigen activities with babesia bovis remained intact. these properties were utilized in an assay system wherein antibody response to the specifically depleted antigen preparation was subtracted from the response to the initial crude pre ... | 1989 | 2763443 |
| development of a prophylactic regime using long-acting tetracycline for the control of redwater and heartwater in susceptible cattle moved into an endemic area. | thirty young crossbred steers were purchased from a tick-borne disease-free farm in south africa, shown to be serologically negative to babesia bigemina/bovis and cowdria ruminantium, and moved to an experimental farm where babesiosis and heartwater were known to be endemic. the animals were allowed to graze as a herd on tick-infested areas of the farm for 90 days from the beginning of april but were separated into three groups of 10 for treatment. one group received a prophylactic regime of two ... | 1989 | 2711456 |
| bovine babesia bigemina seroreactors in jamaica. | | 1989 | 2694549 |
| [ticks and hemoparasitoses of livestock in senegal. iii. the northern sudan area]. | the authors describe the results of a study on ticks and hemoparasitoses of cattle and small ruminants in the senegalese north-sudanian area. for 15 months, 40 bovine, 40 sheep and 40 goats received a routine dipping treatment, aimed at the determination of the tick population dynamics together with an accurate localization of the preferential sites for the different species. the following parasites were collected from the animals: hyalomma marginatum rufipes, h. truncatum, rhipicephalus lunulat ... | 1989 | 2485548 |
| concentration of babesia bigemina-infected erythrocytes using a dextran sulphate affinity column. | babesia bigemina-infected erythrocytes preferentially bind to dextran sulphate affinity columns. subsequent elution yields suspensions containing up to 95% infected erythrocytes. preliminary immunoblotting studies indicate a parasite antigen of 35,000 mol. wt might be implicated in the binding. | 1989 | 2483954 |
| post-thawing viability of vaccines for bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis cryopreserved with glycerol. | live frozen vaccines containing babesia bovis, babesia bigemina or anaplasma centrale were prepared using glycerol as cryoprotectant and stored in liquid nitrogen. the viability of the vaccines was tested inoculating calves 1 h (n = 12), 2 h (n = 12), 12 h (n = 6) and 24 h (n = 6) after thawing. babesia bovis and a. centrale were detected in thin and/or thick blood smears in all vaccinated calves; however, 1 of 12 calves inoculated 1 h after thawing and 3 of 6 calves inoculated 24 h after thawin ... | 1990 | 2267730 |
| purification of the erythrocytic stages of babesia bigemina from cultures. | exposure of erythrocytes infected with babesia bigemina to glycerol-enhanced osmotic shock yielded preparations containing infected erythrocyte ghosts, free parasites, and some intact erythrocytes. the released parasites were purified and concentrated by centrifugation in percoll gradient. recovered free parasites were shown by the fluorescein acetate technique to be metabolically active, but their infectivity in vitro was low. it was demonstrated by electron microscopy that most of the released ... | 1990 | 2251242 |
| [ticks and hemoparasitic diseases in cattle in senegal. iv. the southern sudan area]. | the authors report on the results of an investigation on ticks and hemoparasitoses of cattle, sheep and goats in the south sudanian area of senegal. systematic routine dipping against ticks of cattle, 40 sheep and 40 goats was set during 15 months, with a view to determine the population dynamics together with an acurate localization of the different species concerned. the following parasites were collected from these ruminants: amblyomma variegatum, boophilus geigyi, hyalomma truncatum, h. m. r ... | 1990 | 2218038 |
| in vitro inhibition of multiplication of babesia bigemina by using monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of 21 monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the erythrocytic stages of babesia bigemina was produced. the 21 mab could be divided into four distinct immunofluorescence groups on the basis of their patterns of binding to b. bigemina-infected erythrocytes. nine mab positive in the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test with acetone-fixed b. bigemina-infected erythrocytes were selected for purification and further characterization. the mab were species specific, since they did not cross-rea ... | 1991 | 2056067 |
| chromosomes of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. | | 1992 | 1625699 |
| isolation, sequence and differential expression of the p58 gene family of babesia bigemina. | four copies of the gene encoding the merozoite surface protein p58 from the protozoan hemoparasite babesia bigemina were amplified from genomic dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques, molecularly cloned and subjected to dna sequence analysis. the amplified dna (bbg7, bbg9, bbg13, bbg14) could be placed into 2 classes with respect to its size and the length of the open reading frame (orf). with the exception of a single base substitution, the sequence of bbg13 is identical to the cdna ... | 1992 | 1501634 |
| immunisation of cattle against theileriosis in nakuru district of kenya by infection and treatment and the introduction of unconventional tick control. | one hundred and one cross european-boran cattle (50 cows and 51 calves), on a farm in nakuru district, kenya, were immunised against theileriosis using theileria parva lawrencei and theileria parva parva stocks from another district of kenya. the stabilates used were t.p.lawrencei (mara iii) used at 10(-1.7) dilution and t.p.parva (kilae) used at 10(-1.0) dilution. the stabilates were combined and inoculated simultaneously with a short-acting formulation of oxytetracycline hydrochloride given in ... | 1992 | 1496782 |
| growth of babesia bigemina parasites in suspension cultures for vaccine production. | an australian babesia bigemina vaccine strain was maintained in suspension culture for 40 days. parasite growth was compared using two tissue-culture flask sizes (25 and 75 cm2), four gas mixes (2%, 2.5%, 3% and 3.5% o2; 5% co2; and the balance n2) and four packed blood cell (pcv) volumes (7%, 9%, 13% and 18%). the best continuous parasite yields were obtained from suspension cultures in 75-cm2 flasks at a pcv of 13% and gas mixtures of 2%-3% o2, 5% co2 and the balance n2. parasite yields per mi ... | 1992 | 1495921 |
| development and persistence of cowdria ruminantium specific antibodies following experimental infection of cattle, as detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. | different breeds of cattle were experimentally infected with palm river, a zimbabwean isolate, or ball-3, a south african isolate of cowdria ruminantium, derived from tissue culture or tick or blood stabilates. c. ruminantium specific antibody responses were detected by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) using c. ruminantium-infected bovine aortic endothelial (bae) cell cultures as antigen. the first detection of antibodies to c. ruminantium generally coincided with the peak of the feb ... | 1992 | 1441219 |
| evaluation of a colorimetric babesia bigemina-dna probe within an epidemiological survey. | an epidemiological survey was conducted in southeast mexico, in an effort to establish the serological reactivity and carrier status to babesia bigemina of an indigenous cattle population. the prevalence was obtained through the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), using an in vitro culture-derived b. bigemina antigen. a specific, digoxigenin-coupled, approximately 6 kb b. bigemina-dna probe (bbdp), was used to indicate the presence of the parasite. serum samples from 925 animals of all ag ... | 1992 | 1343694 |
| letter: prenatal babesia bigemina infection in a calf. | | 1975 | 1220660 |
| preliminary observations on the combined use of imidocarb and babesia blood vaccine in cattle. | imidocarb was used by three different methods to control reactions in cattle induced by a babesia blood vaccine produced in south africa. simultaneous administration of 0,15 mg/kg imidocarb and babesia bovis vaccine gave satisfactory control. when the vaccine was given seven days prior to the imidocarb treatment a dose between 0,15 mg/kg and 0,6 mg/kg imidocarb was required for effective control. a combined b. bovis and babesia bigemina vaccine given at 21 and again 61 days after a 3 mg/kg imido ... | 1979 | 553972 |
| dimethyl sulphoxide in the low-temperature preservation of babesia bigemina. | | 1971 | 4999644 |
| [infection susceptability of various strains of boophilus to babesia bigemina as well as the influencing of ticks by host or parasite]. | | 1971 | 5002627 |
| studies on the pathogenesis of babesia argentina and babesia bigemina infections in splenectomised calves. | | 1972 | 5081456 |
| differential diagnosis of babesia argentina and babesia bigemina infections in cattle using thin blood smears and brain smears. | | 1971 | 5106907 |
| [a capillary tube agglutination test for the detection of babesia bigemina antibodies]. | | 1969 | 5380274 |
| the effect of imidocarb against babesia argentina and babesia bigemina infections of cattle. | | 1970 | 5464834 |
| bovine babesiosis: the immunity of calves to babesia bigemina infection. | | 1968 | 5690588 |
| [biological properties and characteristics of babesia bigemina. ionic radiation effects on infectious blood when totally infected]. | | 1968 | 5705119 |
| [contribution to the problem of the natural resistance of calves to babesia bigemina]. | | 1969 | 5814189 |
| sterile immunity, coinfectious immunity and strain differences in babesia bigemina infections. | | 1967 | 6048566 |
| common and isolate-restricted antigens of anaplasma marginale detected with monoclonal antibodies. | anaplasma marginale-infected erythrocytes were examined for the presence of maturation, isolate-restricted, and isolate-common antigens by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. a panel of 18 monoclonal antibodies was used; none of the antibodies reacted with anaplasma ovis, babesia bigemina, babesia bovis, trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma congolense, or uninfected bovine erythrocytes. antigens common to all six a. marginale isolates were detected by nine antibodies. single isola ... | 1984 | 6205996 |
| the enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. | all six enzymes of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis leading to the formation of ump have been demonstrated in whole homogenates from two bovine babesia species, b. bovis and b. bigemina. the specific activities of the respective enzymes were of the same order of magnitude as observed for the related parasite, plasmodium berghei. the results indicate that both these parasites have the potential of obtaining their pyrimidine requirements by de novo synthesis. subcellular fractionation established t ... | 1983 | 6309129 |
| comparison of blood smear and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques in detection of haemoparasite infections in trade cattle in nigeria. | the incidence of blood parasites in trade cattle was surveyed with emphasis on tick-borne parasites, using blood smears and immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) techniques. with the blood smear method, about 9 and 8.9% of cattle examined were found positive for babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale, respectively. percentage infections with other parasites were 3.33, 1.92, 0.75, 0.75 and 0.58, respectively, for babesia bovis, trypanosoma brucei, anaplasma centrale, eperythrozoon and theileria spec ... | 1984 | 6369761 |
| the effect of chemotherapy on babesia bigemina in the tick vector boophilus microplus. | | 1984 | 6469445 |
| chemoprophylaxis with diminazene aceturate in experimental babesia bigemina infection in cattle. | four-month-old fully susceptible cross bred calves were immunised against babesia bigemina infection by treating them, during the prepatent period, with one or two doses of diminazene aceturate at 3 mg (kg bodyweight)-1. after 45 days the recovered calves were challenged with the homologous strain of b bigemina infected blood. the ensuing host responses, body temperature, parasitaemia, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, haemoglobinuria, capillary agglutinating antibodies and mortality, were studie ... | 1984 | 6473911 |
| enzyme and bilirubin reactions in bovine babesiosis. | four white fulani calves were splenectomized and experimentally infected with babesia bigemina by allowing about 2000 freshly hatched infective larvae of boophilus decoloratus to feed on them. blood samples were collected to determine serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels. a significant rise in the level of alkaline phosphatase for up to two weeks was observed. there were also increases in the serum glutamate p ... | 1984 | 6517473 |
| the protective effect of pretreatment with killed corynebacterium parvum against acute babesiosis in calves. | yearling calves were pre-treated intravenously (iv) with a 0.20 mg kg-1 dose of corynebacterium parvum and challenged after 30 days by iv inoculation of 3 x 10(9) babesia bigemina. the relatively low 0.20 mg kg-1 dose of c. parvum enhanced resistance as indicated by lower mean babesia parasitemias and less severe decreases in packed-cell volumes than in non-treated calves, but failed to stimulate a significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) level of protection against b. bigemina challenge. | 1984 | 6541833 |
| serological response of cattle to infection with babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in southern africa. | the indirect fluorescent antibody test was used to measure the antibody response of cattle for 8 weeks after infection with either babesia bigemina or babesia bovis, or a combination of both species. serological cross-reactions were observed between the 2 species, but these were most marked when b. bigemina antigen was used. in animals infected with both babesia spp., the b. bigemina reaction appeared to suppress the b. bovis reaction. | 1983 | 6634084 |
| the use of tick transmission by boophilus microplus to isolate pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale from cattle with mixed infections. | pure strains of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale were isolated from cattle infected with all 3 species as well as theileria sp. and eperythrozoon teganodes, using only transmission by the tick, boophilus microplus. unengorged adult ticks transferred to susceptible cattle transmitted a. marginale, but not babesia. engorged adults gave rise to progeny that transmitted babesia, b. bovis by larvae and b. bigemina by male ticks. the theileria and e. teganodes were not transmitt ... | 1983 | 6686384 |
| babesia, theileria and anaplasma spp. infecting sable antelope, hippotragus niger (harris, 1838), in southern africa. | some observations are recorded on blood parasites of sable antelopes. blood smears of 124 of these antelopes from south africa and zimbabwe were examined and 7 were found to be positive for a babesia sp., identified as babesia irvinesmithi martinaglia 1936. a total of 70 of the smears were positive for theilerial piroplasms, while 1 smear had macroschizonts (with cytomeres) and microschizonts of a theileria (= cytauxzoon) sp. one blood smear was positive for an anaplasma sp. attempts to isolate ... | 1982 | 6817250 |
| epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in zimbabwe. i. babesiosis. | a survey on the incidence of antibodies to babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in one to three year old calves at 274 localities in zimbabwe revealed that b. bigemina occurred throughout the country together with its main vector, boophilus decoloratus. the distribution of b. bovis followed closely that of its vector boophilus microplus which is limited to the eastern part of the country. enzootic stability for b. bigemina was recorded in most of the communal tribal areas where regular dipping of ... | 1983 | 6868134 |
| the effect of tick control on the epidemiology of bovine babesiosis. | the effect of tick control on the infection rates of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are reported for 6 geographical regions in south africa. under conditions of poor tick control the situation for b. bovis was one of apparent enzootic instability in the 2 regions where its presence was recorded. under similar conditions the situation for b. bigemina was generally stable. with good tick control b. bovis infection rates were reduced to very low levels, with minimal losses being recorded. in th ... | 1983 | 6877790 |
| serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in guyana. | the serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in guyana was determined utilising the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) and the complement fixation (cf) tests. babesia bigemina ifa and cf antibody activity was detected in 80% and 40% respectively of the sera from native cattle while ifa and cf antibody activity to babesia bovis was observed in 61% and 16% of the sera. the prevalence of antibody was compared between calves less than 6 months of age and mature cattle. there was little differenc ... | 1981 | 7020193 |
| preparation and laboratory testing of a frozen vaccine containing babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma centrale. | procedures used to prepare and test frozen vaccine against bovine tick fever are described. blood from splenectomised calves infected separately with babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma centrale was diluted in the ratio of 3:1 with 8 m dimethyl sulphoxide in phosphate buffered saline and cooled at rates between 5 degrees c and 110 degrees c per minute to -196 degrees c. after varying periods of storage up to 369 days, blood was thawed by immersing containers in a 40 degrees c water bat ... | 1982 | 7079601 |
| the effects of the piroplasm babesia bigemina on the survival and reproduction of the blue, tick, boophilus decoloratus. | | 1982 | 7086165 |
| anaplasmosis and babesiosis in el salvador. | a serological survey was carried out in the central american state of el salvador to determine the distribution and prevalence of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and babesia bovis. the results suggest that the parasites are widely distributed throughout the country and prevalence rates of 78.5% for a. marginale, 70.5% for b. bigemina and 73.5% for b. bovis were obtained. tick counts suggest that boophilus microplus is the main blood parasite vector. epidemiological studies showed that init ... | 1982 | 7101466 |
| some effects of time, temperature and feeding on infection rates with babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in boophilus microplus larvae. | | 1982 | 7118375 |
| studies on the infectivity of boophilus decoloratus males and larvae infected with babesia bigemina. | | 1982 | 7122059 |
| babesia bigemina vaccine: comparison of the efficacy and safety of australian and south african strains under experimental conditions in south africa. | a babesia bigemina vaccine strain (g strain) of reduced virulence was obtained from australia and tested experimentally for efficacy and virulence. the strain caused mild reactions in 10 animals and afforded good protection to challenge with a virulent south african strain. the virulence of the local vaccine strain was not noticeably reduced after 3 slow passages in intact calves and it was consequently replaced by the australian strain in the onderstepoort babesiosis vaccine. | 1982 | 7177595 |
| bovine babesiosis: protection of cattle with culture-derived soluble babesia bovis antigen. | adult hereford (bos taurus) cattle were protected from severe reactions and death caused by the tick-borne protozoan hemoparasite babesia bovis, 3 months after vaccination with a cell culture--derived immunogen. the immunogen consisted of filtered, freeze-dried supernatant fluid collected from long-term cultures of babesia bovis in vitro. it was reconstituted with saponin adjuvant and injected twice subcutaneously at 2-week intervals. serum collected from vaccinated cattle caused thickening of t ... | 1981 | 7209532 |
| bovine babesiosis: pathogenicity and heterologous species immunity of tick-borne babesia bovis and b bigemina infections. | a total of 22 nonsplenectomized hereford, holstein-friesian, and cross-bred 18-month-old cattle were used to assess the degree of protection conferred by previous infection with babesia bovis or b bigemina against infection and disease from tick-borne challenge exposure with the heterologous species. prior infection with b bigemina or b bovis did not significantly (p less than 0.05) reduce the susceptibility of cattle to tick-borne infection and disease caused by the heterologous species. carrie ... | 1980 | 7212429 |
| inhibition of babesia spp. by plastics. | five commercially available plastic containers were compared with glass for toxicity toward babesia rodhaini and babesia bigemina. comparisons were made by using infectivity tests in mice (b. rodhaini) and cattle (b. bigemina). low-density polypropylene and polystyrene containers were not toxic, but two of the three polyvinyl chloride containers tested significantly reduced the viability of both species of babesia. plasticizer present in various amounts on the surface of the toxic containers was ... | 1981 | 7224620 |
| development of a highly infective babesia bigemina vaccine of reduced virulence. | the virulence of a strain of babesia bigemina was reduced by syringe passaging at 3 to 16-week intervals in a series of 7 calves. the calves were splenectomised 1 to 14 weeks after inoculation to induce the relapse parasitaemias used for passaging. parasites taken at relapse from the last 3 calves in the series were inoculated into splenectomised calves from which highly parasitised blood for vaccine was obtained. the vaccine produced mild infections in 32 recipient cattle. when challenged eithe ... | 1981 | 7236153 |
| erythrocytic na+ and k+ changes during babesia bigemina infection in cattle. | the levels of na+ and k+ in whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes were measured during the course of primary babesia bigemina infection in cattle. there were significant changes in the levels of na+ and k+ in erythrocytes, but not in plasma. erythrocytic na+ decreased and k+ increased during the course of infection, returning to normal two to three weeks later. similar ionic changes were produced in animals which were bled to cause packed cell volume depression. it is therefore suggested that the ... | 1980 | 7255896 |
| efficacy of imidocarb diproprionate and primaquine phosphate in the prevention of tick-borne disease in imported hereford heifers in south korea. | this paper describes the build-up of tick-borne blood parasites in a group of hereford heifers imported from new zealand to the island of jeju do, south korea. all became infected with theileria sergenti and half with babesia bigemina. an attempt was made to contain the 2 parasites by treatment with either primaquine phosphate or imidocarb diproprionate. both drugs had some prophylactic activity against t. sergenti for at least 26 days and imidocarb dipropionate eliminated b. bigemina. since t. ... | 1981 | 7292606 |
| experimental transmission of babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale to calves with the larvae of boophilus decoloratus. | | 1981 | 7293560 |
| effect of experimental babesia bigemina infection on the haematological values of splenectomized white fulani calves. | | 1981 | 7335940 |
| experimental transmission of babesia bigemina in sheep using infective larval tick of boophilus decoloratus. | | 1981 | 7342213 |
| increased numbers of strahlenkörper in boophilus microplus ticks ingesting a blood-passaged strain of babesia bigemina. | observations were made on the morphology and infectivity of babesia bigemina parasites in the gut of boophilus microplus ticks. the babesia parasites were derived from stabilates of a laboratory strain, prepared at intervals during several years of blood-passaging in cattle. increased numbers of a particular developmental stage of the parasite, considered to be a type of strahlenkörper, were observed in ticks ingesting parasites derived from the latter stages of passaging. the presence of large ... | 1981 | 7342228 |
| studies on a bovine babesia transmitted by hyalomma marginatum rufipes koch, 1844. | a babesia sp. was recently observed in hyalomma marginatum rufipes and found to be transmissible to bovines. further observations were carried out on this parasite and a study made of the morphology of stages in both erythrocytes and tick haemolymph. apart from babesia divergens, intra-erythrocytic parasites were not readily distinguishable from bovine babesia spp. merozoites in tick haemolymph morphologically resembled those of babesia bigemina, but they were significantly larger. this babesia ... | 1981 | 7345388 |
| the retention of babesia bigemina infection by boophilus decoloratus exposed to imidocarb dipropionate during engorgement. | babesia bigemina was retained in the vector boophilus decoloratus for a complete generation despite the use of the babesicide, imidocarp dipropionate, to prevent reinfection. this drug did not sterilize ticks of the b. bigemina infection as has been suggested for b. bovis. | 1981 | 7345389 |
| [ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the pellicle and apical complexes of the kinete of babesia bigemina and babesia ovis in the hemolymph and oavry of the tick]. | the term kinete is used in this paper for the cigar-shaped, motile development stages (vermicule") of babesia occurring intra- and extracellularly in hemolymph and overy (including oocytes) of vectors, hard ticks (ixodoidea). the structure of, and cytochemical activities of hydrolases (acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase) in the pellicle and the apical complex was studied at the fine-structural level in kinetes of babesia bigemina smith & kilborne, in hemolympho of female boophilus microplus ... | 1980 | 7373571 |
| immunization of cattle with a babesia bigemina antigen in freund's complete adjuvant. | three adult intact cattle and five splenetomized calves were immunized against babesia bigemina by the subcutaneous injection of an adjuvant-vaccine given twice at 3- and 4-week intervals, respectively. the antigen consisted of b bigemina parasites and erythrocytic stroma. the vaccinated adults plus one control, and the vaccinated splenectomized calves plus four comparable controls were challenge exposed at 67 and 33 days, respectively, after the last vaccine injection. all control animals died ... | 1980 | 7406273 |
| serum carboxypeptidase b levels during acute and mild babesia bovis and acute babesia bigemina infections of cattle. | serum carboxypeptidase b (scpb) levels were measured in splenectomised calves and in non-splenectomised cattle infected with three virulent and one avirulent strains of babesia bovis, and in splenectomised calves infected with virulent babesia bigemina parasites. scpb levels commenced falling three days post-infection in animals infected with virulent b. bovis strains and fell significanttly terminally. in animals infected with the avirulent b. bovis strain, the scpb levels were not significantl ... | 1980 | 7456644 |