| synthesis of glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol lipids by a cell-free system prepared from asexual erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | | 1992 | 1385231 |
| human vascular endothelial cell adhesion receptors for plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes: roles for endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. | the clinical complications associated with severe and cerebral malaria occur as a result of the intravascular mechanical obstruction of erythrocytes infected with the asexual stages of the parasite, plasmodium falciparum. we now report that a primary p. falciparum-infected erythrocyte (parasitized red blood cell [prbc]) isolate from a patient with severe complicated malaria binds to cytokine-induced human vascular endothelial cells, and that this adhesion is in part mediated by endothelial leuko ... | 1992 | 1383378 |
| soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1-immunoglobulin g1 immunoadhesin mediates phagocytosis of malaria-infected erythrocytes. | we describe an immunoadhesin molecule containing intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam-1) molecularly fused to hinge and ch2 and ch3 domains of the human immunoglobulin g1 h chain that binds plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. this receptor-based immunoadhesin is an effective and specific inhibitor of p. falciparum-infected erythrocyte adhesion to icam-1-bearing surfaces, but does not inhibit leukocyte function antigen 1 (lfa-1) interaction with icam-1. furthermore, the immunoadhesin ... | 1992 | 1383388 |
| adjuvant-dependent immune response to malarial transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigens. | immune responses in major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-disparate congenic mouse strains immunized with sexual stage malaria parasites or purified recombinant protein were adjuvant dependent. whereas mice exhibited a limited antibody response to immunization with newly emerged plasmodium falciparum gametes in freund's adjuvant, all five congenic mouse strains responded to several transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigens, when parasites were emulsified in a monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) ... | 1992 | 1383389 |
| novel version of multiple antigenic peptide allowing incorporation on a cysteine functionalized lysine tree. | a novel version of multiple antigenic peptide (map) is described. this approach consists of the synthesis of a properly functionalized antigen carrier and the incorporation, on request, of one or more activated antigenic peptides. this method was to synthesize a map containing eight epitopes of hsp 70-1 from plasmodium falciparum. mice immunised with this map gave a specific response while those immunised with the peptide alone did not. | 1992 | 1385347 |
| an 88-kda protein of plasmodium falciparum is related to the band-3-binding domain of human erythrocyte ankyrin. | three tryptic-peptide sequences of an 88-kda pair of phosphoproteins of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum were determined. they exhibit a striking similarity to corresponding sequences of the 89-kda domain of human erythrocyte ankyrin. [35s]methionine labeling of the two proteins demonstrated their parasitic origin. using an appropriate oligonucleotide probe, southern-blot analysis of genomic malaria dna and northern-blot analysis of malaria rna suggest the existence of ankyrin-related ... | 1992 | 1386021 |
| [malaria and hemoglobin s: interactions in african children]. | among 300 cases of plasmodium falciparum malaria attacks explored in gabon, the proportion of homozygous (ss) or heterozygous (as) sickle-cell patients was 6.2 percent in 206 ordinary attacks and 3.2 percent in 94 cerebral malaria attacks, and 23.2 percent in the general population. on the other hand, asymptomatic carriage, as detected in 98 children by thin blood films in school screening, was as frequent in the ss or as infantile population as in the general population. these data show that ha ... | 1992 | 1386431 |
| is there a role for gamma delta t cells in malaria? | peripheral blood lymphocytes of the v gamma 9+ family of gamma delta t cells proliferate vigorously in response to plasmodium falciparum. in this brief article, jean langhorne and colleagues discuss this response and assess the possible role of gamma delta t cells in the pathogenesis of malaria. | 1992 | 1387316 |
| malaria: becoming more specific about non-specific immunity. | for the hundreds of millions of people presently infected with malaria, survival may depend on relatively non-specific immune effector mechanisms. progress has been made in understanding the anti-parasitic properties of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma and nitric oxide, in defining the parasite toxins that induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, and in exploring the role of cytokines and adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. | 1992 | 1388844 |
| malaria vaccines. | the development of an effective malaria vaccine is a feasible goal. most of the vaccines being developed today are subunit vaccines derived from selected parasite antigens or their immunologically active fragments. the precise characterization of protective immune responses against plasmodium parasites remains a fundamental part of present research aimed at obtaining a malaria vaccine(s). | 1992 | 1388845 |
| plasmodium falciparum: diversity of isolates from malawi in their cytoadherence to melanoma cells and monocytes in vitro. | we observed considerable diversity in the cytoadherence of plasmodium falciparum isolates from malawi to melanoma cells, u937 cells and human peripheral monocytes. each isolate exhibited a unique cytoadherence profile for the three human cell types. these isolates generally adhered well to u937 cells and fresh monocytes, moderately to melanoma cells and poorly to te 671, mia-pa-ca, wi 38, plc/prf/5 and hela cells. an antimalarial immunoglobulin pool inhibited binding to melanoma cells by 50% or ... | 1992 | 1390216 |
| 'natural' t cells responsive to malaria: evidence implicating immunological cross-reactivity in the maintenance of tcr alpha beta+ malaria-specific responses from non-exposed donors. | it is now generally accepted that peripheral blood of humans not exposed previously to malaria contains t cells which proliferate vigorously in response to malaria parasites and antigens. although it has been claimed that these cells express a memory phenotype, their origin is uncertain. we have examined the phenotype and immunological responses of such cells. we confirm that these cells do express the 'memory phenotype', cd45ro, in that depletion of such cells, but not of cd45ra (virgin) cells, ... | 1992 | 1390441 |
| mhc and malaria: the relationship between hla class ii alleles and immune responses to plasmodium falciparum. | in mice, immune responses to subunits of defined malaria antigens are regulated by genes mapping within the mhc and it has been suggested that such genetic restriction will be a major obstacle in the development of a human malaria vaccine. the relationship between class ii human leukocyte antigen (hla) genes and immune recognition of three candidate antigens for a vaccine against plasmodium falciparum malaria has been investigated in a human population living in a malaria endemic area of west af ... | 1992 | 1390436 |
| a study of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine plasma levels in patients infected with sensitive and resistant malaria parasites. | this study was carried out on 63 patients in the town of gadaref in eastern sudan; each patient was given the standard therapeutic dose of chloroquine (cq). plasma levels of chloroquine and its major metabolite desethylchloroquine (dcq) were measured by means of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (hplc) in patients infected with sensitive (sensitive group) and resistant (resistant groups) strains of plasmodium falciparum. the ratios of chloroquine to desethylchloroquine (cq/dcq) in ... | 1992 | 1391103 |
| oxidative damage of erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum. an in vitro study. | the extent of reduced glutathione, activity of glutathione peroxidase, amount of membrane lipid peroxidation products, and the extent of hemoglobin release from host erythrocytes during in vitro plasmodium falciparum growth was studied. highly synchronized parasite cultures were studied to examine the alterations caused by different growth stages of the parasite. there was a moderate increase in the reduced glutathione content as the parasite matured, which was significant only in schizont-rich ... | 1992 | 1391122 |
| cardiac involvement during and after malaria. | in 22 patients without a previous history of cardiac disease, we prospectively evaluated cardiac involvement during acute malaria and 9 +/- 5 months after recovery using non-invasive methods including resting electrocardiogram (ecg) and two-dimensional (2d) echocardiography. during the acute phase ecg abnormalities were common (5/22); pericardial effusion was found in 2 patients and global left ventricular hypokinesia in 1 patient infected with plasmodium falciparum. at a follow-up of 19 patient ... | 1992 | 1392443 |
| evaluating the efficacy of chloroquine in febrile guinean children infected with plasmodium falciparum by a simplified in vivo test. | a modified version of a simplified in vivo test was applied to assess the susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine among semi-immune febrile children in kouroussa, guinea. in 27% of cases, a partial response (ri/rii) to chloroquine was observed; the remainder showed a good response (s/ri). this test is both practical and useful to assess the efficacy of chloroquine at the intermediate level of health care services. | 1992 | 1394781 |
| plasmodium falciparum induced perturbations of the erythrocyte antioxidant system. | erythrocyte antioxidants catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were studied in cells harbouring different growth stages of plasmodium falciparum. catalase and superoxide dismutase showed significant decrease during parasite maturation indicating hampered metabolism of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions. glutathione peroxidase also exhibited a downward trend during the growth of p. falciparum, while there was a moderate accumulation of reduced glutath ... | 1992 | 1395036 |
| [dna sequence of surface antigen gene gp195 of two chinese isolates of plasmodium falciparum from hainan]. | amplification of dna sequence of surface antigen gene, block ii of gp195 from 2 chinese isolates of plasmodium falciparum fcc 7801/hn b3 and fcc m21/hn from hainan, china, was established by using the polymerase chain reaction. a comparison of the 154 peptide sequences of the 2 chinese isolates showed that they were identical, but there was a difference of 10 peptides among the established 154 peptides between the two chinese isolates and mad 20 (a papua new guinea isolate). the need to determin ... | 1992 | 1394915 |
| [in vitro development of sodium artesunate resistance in plasmodium falciparum]. | plasmodium falciparum (lab. culture fcr3 isolate) developed resistance to sodium artesunate after exposure to the drug in vitro. the drug effective concentration which resulted in 50 per cent schizont maturation inhibition (ic50) was 1.6 ng/ml (4.1 nmol/l) before exposure to the drug. after 130 days of discontiguous exposure to sodium artesunate in a stepwise fashion, the sensitivity of the isolate to the drug decreased, with its ic50 3-fold higher than that of the parent isolate. the resistance ... | 1992 | 1394893 |
| [chemical synthesis and cloning of plasmodium falciparum 45 peptide antigen gene]. | we have synthesized a 162 bp gene of human plasmodium falciparum hybrid peptide antigen by the solid-phase phosphoramidite method with abi 381a dna synthesizer. the gene encodes three fragments of the relative molecules 83 kda, 55 kda and 35 kda merozoite-specific proteins and two cs repeats or four peptides. the gene with the designed two cohesive ends was divided into 8 fragments to be synthesized. all synthetic fragments were annealed and ligated with t4 dna ligase to form double dna chain. t ... | 1992 | 1394913 |
| quantitative analysis of the response of human t cell receptor v gamma 9+ cells to plasmodium falciparum. | plasmodium falciparum stimulates peripheral blood gamma delta + t cells from unexposed donors. the responding cells bear v gamma 9+ chains of the t cell receptor, the majority of which, but not all, are associated with v delta 2 chains. we have analyzed whether the precursor frequency of these v gamma 9+ cells approaches that expected of superantigens or mitogens and whether, like a superantigen, the response is major histocompatibility complex (mhc) unrestricted. limiting dilution analyses of t ... | 1992 | 1396980 |
| protozoan infections and hiv-1 infection: a review. | reactivation of latent infection is the principal mechanism relating toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii to hiv. less common is reactivation in leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi, and microsporidian infections. an impaired primary immune response occurs in all these infections, and also with cryptosporidium and isospora belli. association of hiv infection with gut parasites including giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica, and also with trichomonas vaginalis infection is likely to ... | 1992 | 1396192 |
| malarial toxic antigens synergistically enhance insulin signalling. | hypoglycaemia is a major complication of severe malaria [(1990) trans. roy. soc. trop. med. 84 (suppl. 2) 1-65], especially cerebral malaria, in which it is associated with increased mortality [(1990) lancet 336, 1039-1043; (1989) quart. j. med. (new series) 71, 441-459]; however, the mechanisms responsible have not been fully explained. preparations containing toxic malaria antigens (tma) released by blood stage plasmodium yoelii malaria parasites have been shown to induce hypoglycaemia in mice ... | 1992 | 1397320 |
| genetic red cell defects and malaria. | | 1992 | 1398816 |
| transfer of a dense granule protein of plasmodium falciparum to the membrane of ring stages and isolation of dense granules. | a 14-kda protein was localized to the dense granules of plasmodium falciparum by immunoelectron microscopy with monoclonal antibody 1h1. the protein was present in dense granules in late-stage schizonts and free merozoites. after invasion, the protein was localized exclusively on the membrane of the newly invaded ring. the protein is referred to as rima, for ring membrane antigen. the 14-kda protein was synthesized late in schizogony as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblott ... | 1992 | 1398979 |
| detection of human antibodies against plasmodium falciparum antigens in blood meals of anopheline mosquitoes. | human igg antibodies against plasmodium falciparum asexual stages, gametocytes and sporozoites were detected by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) techniques in the blood meals of anopheles gambiae s.l. from a malaria-endemic area of western kenya. field-collected mosquitoes, which had been stored dry for over 2 years, were screened first for human igg by elisa. in 141 blood meal samples from human-fed mosquitoes, the prevalence of stage-specific antibodies was 87.9% for asexual-stage parasites ... | 1992 | 1402862 |
| colorimetric detection of plasmodium falciparum and direct sequencing of amplified gene fragments using a solid phase method. | a rapid colorimetric assay for the detection of dna from plasmodium falciparum malaria is described, allowing direct sequencing of amplified fragments in the positive samples. the method is based on amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), with incorporation of biotin and a lac operator sequence in the amplified target dna. the pcr product was immobilized on streptavidin-coupled magnetic beads, and detected by the specific binding of an escherichia coli lac repressor beta-galactosid ... | 1992 | 1406728 |
| effect of iron chelation therapy on recovery from deep coma in children with cerebral malaria. | cerebral malaria is a severe complication of plasmodium falciparum infection in children, with a mortality rate of 15 to 50 percent despite antimalarial therapy. | 1992 | 1406879 |
| [the treatment of malaria]. | | 1992 | 1407179 |
| impairment of macrophage functions after ingestion of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes or isolated malarial pigment. | human monocyte-derived macrophages ingest diamide-treated red blood cells (rbc), anti-d immunoglobulin (ig)g-opsonized rbc, or plasmodium falciparum ring-stage parasitized rbc (rprbc), degrade ingested hemoglobin rapidly, and can repeat the phagocytic cycle. monocytes fed with trophozoite-parasitized rbc (tprbc), which contain malarial pigment, or fed with isolated pigment are virtually unable to degrade the ingested material and to repeat the phagocytic cycle. monocytes fed with pigment display ... | 1992 | 1402649 |
| plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte rosetting is mediated by promiscuous lectin-like interactions. | herein we describe an assay that was developed to quantitate the binding of normal red blood cells (rbc), labeled with carboxy fluorescein diacetate (c-fda), to rosetting plasmodium falciparum-infected rbc. the binding of rbc obtained from various animal species or humans to different strains or clones of rosetting p. falciparum-infected rbc was studied. a strain-specific preference of rosetting was observed for either blood group a/ab or b/ab rbc for all parasites tested. the higher affinity of ... | 1992 | 1402677 |
| recognition of different domains of the plasmodium falciparum cs protein by the sera of naturally infected individuals compared with those of sporozoite-immunized volunteers. | the fine specificities of antibodies to the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of plasmodium falciparum, present in the sera of volunteers immunized with irradiated p. falciparum sporozoites, were defined and compared to those of sera from persons living in a malaria-endemic area in west africa. the specificity of these anti-cs antibodies was determined by elisa, using recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides containing repeat and nonrepeat sequences of this cs protein. all 10 serum samples of the ... | 1992 | 1401909 |
| characterization of plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein 2. | immunization of mice with plasmodium yoelii sporozoite surface protein 2 (pyssp2) and circumsporozoite protein protects completely against p. yoelii. the amino acid sequence of pyssp2 suggested that the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (trap) [robson, k. j. h., hall, j. r. s., jennings, m. w., harris, t. j. r., marsh, k., newbold, c. i., tate, v. e. & weatherall, d. j. (1988) nature (london) 335, 79-82] is the plasmodium falciparum homolog of pyssp2. we report data confirming that trap i ... | 1992 | 1409621 |
| [epidemiology and clinical aspects of imported tropical diseases]. | the number of people travelling of the tropical countries is in constant progression and today represents about 5% of the population of the developed countries. mortality is mainly accidental. morbidity essentially concerns transmissible diseases. diarrhoeal symptoms occur in 20-55% of travellers, are bacterial in 2 cases out of 3, and can be prevented. cholera should soon have an efficient oral vaccine. hepatitis a is frequent in some travellers (2-3%) and can be prevented by vaccination. hepat ... | 1992 | 1410902 |
| malaria in aberdeen: an audit of 110 patients admitted between 1980-1991. | all 110 patients seen in north east scotland after contracting malaria from foreign travel were treated in the regional infection unit in aberdeen. those patients managed there from january 1980 to march 1991 are described. there were 54 episodes of plasmodium falciparum malaria (49%) and 26 episodes (23%) of plasmodium vivax malaria. the remainder had either mixed infection or were diagnosed as malaria on high clinical probability. the majority of the patients were male (80%) and under 40 years ... | 1992 | 1411477 |
| monocyte tissue factor expression induced by plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | monocytes are active elements of the host response against plasmodium falciparum. they are able to express tissue factor and trigger the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation the activation of which remained unclear in malaria. our aim was to assess the tissue factor expression of purified blood monocytes stimulated by cultured plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. malaria parasite induced an early generation of tissue factor with a peak between 8 and 12 h of stimulation. maximum express ... | 1992 | 1412153 |
| the activity in vitro of cycloguanil and pyrimethamine in combination against plasmodium falciparum. | | 1992 | 1412640 |
| lack of effect of desipramine on the response to chloroquine of patients with chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. | the potential of desipramine to improve the efficacy of chloroquine against chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum in vivo in man was investigated. fifty-three malaria patients were selected according to the criteria for the standard world health organization (who) in vivo test and were randomly divided in 2 groups. one group (n = 27) was given standard therapeutic doses of chloroquine (25 mg/kg body weight of base) and the other (n = 26) was given standard doses of chloroquine, as above, i ... | 1992 | 1412641 |
| haemoglobin-e in the presence of oxidative substances from fava bean may be protective against plasmodium falciparum malaria. | a case-control study was carried out at a community hospital in eastern thailand in order to study the association between haemoglobin e and plasmodium falciparum malaria; 271 p. falciparum cases and 271 controls were enrolled. after adjusting for age, sex, time since last malaria attack, history of mosquito net use, and history of fava bean consumption in the previous month, neither heterozygous nor homozygous haemoglobin e provided significant protection against p. falciparum infection, with o ... | 1992 | 1412643 |
| a dna hybridization assay for use in drug sensitivity tests in vitro for plasmodium falciparum under field conditions. | a deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) hybridization technique was applied to in vitro drug sensitivity testing of p. falciparum using a synthetic 21-mer oligonucleotide coupled to alkaline phosphatase (pfr1-ap) to monitor development of parasite stages in culture. the density of the coloured spot clearly distinguished schizonts from ring forms. this assay system was applied in the field on hainan island, china. blood samples obtained from patients were cultivated in the presence of antimalarial drugs an ... | 1992 | 1412636 |
| chloroquine sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum in vivo in a savanna town in cameroon. | chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum has been reported in the sahel and forest regions of cameroon since 1985. in vivo response to chloroquine treatment (25 mg/kg) was assessed in 19 patients with malaria in the savanna north-west province. 58% of the cases showed rii resistance to chloroquine. riii resistance was suspected in one patient. only 35% of cases showed complete parasite clearance by day 5 of treatment. chloroquine reduced parasite counts by at least 87% in all patients. chloro ... | 1992 | 1412637 |
| plasmodium falciparum: sensitivity to chloroquine in vivo in three ecological zones in ghana. | 4690 children aged 6-15 years in 5 urban and 4 rural communities in 3 ecological zones in ghana were screened from june 1988 to december 1990 to provide suitable candidates for the world health organization standard in vivo test for susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine. 1880 (40.1%) had parasitaemia, mostly (83.7-98.6%) due to p. falciparum infection. of the 626 in vivo tests performed, 570 (91.1%) showed sensitivity to chloroquine and 56 (8.9%) responses were classified as res ... | 1992 | 1412638 |
| in vitro study of anticancer acridines as potential antitrypanosomal and antimalarial agents. | the requirement for rational drug design in the search for new agents that are active against parasitic protozoa prompted our in vitro studies with a group of 9-anilinoacridines. in vitro growth assays with trypanosoma lewisi identified a series of c-1' alkylaminoacridines which possess previously unreported potent growth-inhibitory activities against t. lewisi at a concentration range of 0.1 to 1 microm. in contrast, several 9-anilinoacridines that possess acridine ring nh2 substituents at c-3 ... | 1992 | 1416846 |
| bacterial cell surface biological response modifiers and their synthetic counterparts. | | 1992 | 1414590 |
| sorbitol-induced aggregation of plasmodium falciparum cultures. | | 1992 | 1417213 |
| placental plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in east sepik (papua new guinea) women of different parity: the apparent absence of acute effects on mother and foetus. | the effects of malaria were studied in a group of parturient women of east sepik province, papua new guinea. further information was gathered from a search of hospital records and interviews with village aid post orderlies. examination of placental blood revealed a plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia rate of 41% of the primiparae, 23% in parous 2, 25% in parous 3, and 3% in multiparae greater than 3. approximately one-half of those with placental parasitaemia had a concomitant detectable peripher ... | 1992 | 1417215 |
| the absence of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in the placental blood of a woman with a peripheral parasitaemia. | | 1992 | 1417211 |
| lipid peroxidation in plasmodium falciparum-parasitized human erythrocytes. | cis-parinaric acid (pna) was used as a fluorescent probe to study lipid peroxidation in nonparasitized and plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes, upon challenge by cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. parasitized erythrocytes were less susceptible toward lipid peroxidation than nonparasitized erythrocytes with which they had been cultured. furthermore, nonparasitized erythrocytes cultured together with parasitized cells, and thereafter isolated on a percoll gradient, were ... | 1992 | 1416993 |
| plasmodium falciparum: effect of chloroquine, halofantrine and pyrimethamine on the infectivity of gametocytes for anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | the activity of chloroquine, halofantrine and pyrimethamine against the gametocytes and sporogonic stages of plasmodium falciparum (strain nf54) was tested. five-day-old gametocytes (stages i and ii) from in vitro cultures were exposed to the drugs for 48 hours. the effect of the drugs on gametocyte development was assessed by counting gametocytes on days nine and 15 of culture and determining the infectivity of the drug-treated gametocytes to mosquitoes. gametocytogenesis was partially inhibite ... | 1992 | 1417200 |
| rapid chloroquine efflux phenotype in both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum. a correlation of chloroquine sensitivity with energy-dependent drug accumulation. | recent reports suggest that lower levels of chloroquine accumulation in chloroquine-resistant isolates of plasmodium falciparum are achieved by energy-dependent chloroquine efflux from resistant parasites. in support of this argument, a rapid chloroquine efflux phenotype has been observed in some chloroquine-resistant isolates of p. falciparum. in this study, no relationship was found between chloroquine sensitivity and the rate of [3h]chloroquine efflux from four isolates of p. falciparum with ... | 1992 | 1417955 |
| platelet kinetics and other hematological profiles in experimental plasmodium falciparum infection: a comparative study between saimiri and aotus monkeys. | levels of platelets and other hematological values were monitored in 21 saimiri and 12 aotus monkeys over a period of three weeks post-infection with monkey-adapted indochina cdc-1 strain of plasmodium falciparum. in both saimiri sciureus boliviensis and aotus nancymai karyotype-1 monkeys the severest thrombocytopenia was observed at 14 days post-infection coinciding with peak parasitemia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and anemia associated with severe hemoglobinemia and elevated fibrinogen degene ... | 1992 | 1420030 |
| [stability and chemosensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in 1990 and 1991 in ankazobe, a village in high plateau madagascar]. | the in vivo and in vitro response of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was conducted in ankazobe, a village located in the high plateau area. these studies confirmed the low level of chloroquine-resistance. the in vivo data indicate the absence of increase resistance during the 2 years study. chloroquine is still the drug of choice for the treatment of malaria attack in this area. | 1992 | 1422272 |
| characterization of yeast artificial chromosomes from plasmodium falciparum: construction of a stable, representative library and cloning of telomeric dna fragments. | molecular genetic studies of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum have been hampered in part due to difficulties in stably cloning and propagating parasite genomic dna in bacteria. this is thought to be a result of the unusual a+t bias (>80%) in the parasite's dna. pulsed-field gel electrophoretic separation of p. falciparum chromosomes has shown that large chromosomal polymorphisms, resulting from the deletion of dna from chromosome ends, frequently occur. understanding the biologic ... | 1992 | 1427849 |
| parasite-induced changes to localized erythrocyte membrane deformability in plasmodium falciparum cultures. | the effect of intra-erythrocyte development of the plasmodium falciparum parasite on local deformability of human erythrocyte membranes was studied by aspiration of cells into 0.56 micron diameter pores in polycarbonate filters and examination, after fixing, with a scanning electron microscope. as the aspiration pressure increased, the erythrocyte membrane was extruded into the filter pores. the pressure dependence of the protrusion length and the minimum pressure required to produce any deforma ... | 1992 | 1427985 |
| [rapid diagnosis of malaria. the microwave furnace]. | thick blood is a well known method for malaria diagnosis, very faithful and sensitive, but it could not be used in emergency because it had to dry for many hours. micro-wave over allows a quick drying (two minutes). do it can now be used in emergency. | 1992 | 1422273 |
| plasmodium cynomolgi: the hsp 70 gene. | the hsp 70 gene of plasmodium cynomolgi was isolated and characterized. as expected the gene is highly similar to that of the hsp 70 gene of plasmodium falciparum (98% at the protein level, 82% at the nucleotide level). surprisingly, the hsp 70 gene appears to be present in a single copy in all the p. cynomolgi strains tested, a finding that has implications for the parasite's ability to undergo a heat shock response. | 1992 | 1426134 |
| malaria therapy in 452 patients, with special reference to the use of quinine. | we investigated the efficacy and toxic potential of antimalarial therapy regimens in 452 malaria patients treated between 1980 and 1990. drug regimens in 330 non-immune travellers were compared with those of 122 semi-immunes with acute malaria; 71% patients acquired their infection in tropical africa, and the 288 plasmodium falciparum infections were the most prevalent species. because of increasing drug resistance or toxicity of chloroquine, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine and even mefloquine, quinin ... | 1992 | 1431171 |
| plasmodium falciparum: the human agglutinating antibody response to the infected red cell surface is predominantly variant specific. | there is mounting evidence that an important component of the host-protective immune response to plasmodium falciparum is the antibody response to the altered surface of the infected erythrocyte. the nature of these surface changes and the responses to them have been difficult to analyse because of the diverse nature of the parasite-derived neoantigens (pdn) expressed, because of the additional presence of modified host determinants, and because of the lack of monospecific reagents. we have stud ... | 1992 | 1426131 |
| antibodies and reactive t cells against the malaria heat-shock protein pf72/hsp70-1 and derived peptides in individuals continuously exposed to plasmodium falciparum. | pf72/hsp70-1, a heat-shock protein of m.w. 72 kda from plasmodium falciparum is one of the ag of interest to be included in a polyvalent vaccine against malaria. it is one of the major immunogens present in a fraction of purified blood stage parasites that elicited protection against experimental infection of saimiri monkeys with blood stages of p. falciparum. it is present at all blood stages and one of its b cell epitopes is also detected on the surface of the infected hepatocyte. moreover, pf ... | 1992 | 1431109 |
| capture elisa for igm antibodies against plasmodium falciparum glutamate rich protein. | this report describes a novel mu chain capture elisa for the detection of igm antibodies against a plasmodium falciparum antigen. a fragment of the 220 kda p. falciparum glutamate rich protein containing amino acid residues 489-1271 was expressed in e. coli as a recombinant chimeric beta-galactosidase fusion protein and used as antigen after purification and biotinylation. specific igm antibodies were found in 51% (39/77) of sera from adult liberians immune to malaria. the binding of igm antibod ... | 1992 | 1431149 |
| high-dose mefloquine in the treatment of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. | the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of a high-dose (25 mg/kg) mefloquine regimen (m25) and the currently recommended regimen of 15 mg/kg (m15) were compared in 199 patients with acute falciparum malaria in an area with deteriorating multidrug resistance on the thai-burmese border. the clinical and parasitologic responses were significantly more rapid with m25. the incidence of treatment failures by day 7-9 was 7% for m15 and 1% for m25 (p = .03) and had increased to 40% and 9%, respectively, b ... | 1992 | 1431257 |
| smear-negative cerebral malaria due to mefloquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum acquired in the amazon. | | 1992 | 1431267 |
| [variation of the parasite density of plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic carriers: consequences for malaria chemoresistance studies]. | during the studies on malaria chemoresistance, we noted great variations in parasite density of plasmodium falciparum between screening in the morning and final selection in the afternoon, in asymptomatic people. to better understand this phenomenon, we conducted a study in october 1987 on primary school children in a village near the city of bobo-dioulasso, at the peak malaria prevalence. we performed 3 blood-smears at 8 a.m., 2 p.m. and 8 p.m., on day 0 and day 4, to an initial number of 86 ch ... | 1992 | 1435194 |
| invasion of hereditary ovalocytes by plasmodium falciparum in vitro and its relation to intracellular atp concentration. | hereditary ovalocytes (stomatocytic ovalocytes), when examined within 1-2 days from the time that the blood sample is drawn, are invaded by plasmodium falciparum in culture to the extent of at least 55% of normal control cells. the ovalocytes have extremely rigid membranes, characterised by a shear elastic modulus some 3-4 times greater than that of normal cells. the extent of invasion falls off very much more rapidly than that into normal cells on storage, and we surmise that this is the reason ... | 1992 | 1435863 |
| a plasmodium falciparum gene coding for a 15-kilodalton antigen expressed in asexual stage parasites, gametocytes and gametes. | | 1992 | 1435872 |
| a transferrin-independent iron uptake activity in plasmodium falciparum-infected and uninfected erythrocytes. | non-heme iron is essential for the asexual growth of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum in mature erythrocytes. utilization of iron bound to serum transferrin by the parasitized cells has been postulated, but direct evidence for its specific delivery has not been reported. here we demonstrate that normal levels of transferrin in human serum are not required for intraerythrocytic p. falciparum growth: culture medium immunodepleted 500-1000 fold in human transferrin was capable of su ... | 1992 | 1435878 |
| cloning and analysis of the resa-2 gene: a dna homologue of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen gene of plasmodium falciparum. | we have cloned and sequenced a homologue of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (resa) gene from plasmodium falciparum designated resa-2. two reading frames with high homology to exon 1 and exon 2 of resa at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels were identified in the resa-2 sequence. however, resa-2 does not contain either of the blocks of tandem repeats present in resa. the lack of an rna transcript in either asexual or sexual stage parasites and the presence of an in-frame stop ... | 1992 | 1435860 |
| identification and purification of glucose phosphate isomerase of plasmodium falciparum. | the multiplication of malaria parasites within red blood cells is energy dependent. since these parasites lack a functional tricarboxylic acid cycle, the energy needs of the parasite are met by anaerobic glycolysis of exogenous glucose. high levels of glycolytic enzymes such as fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase, phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase have been detected in infected erythrocytes. here we report a 4-9 times increase in glucose phosphate isomerase (gpi) activity of infected ery ... | 1992 | 1435856 |
| the characterization of two monoclonal antibodies which react with high molecular weight antigens of asexual plasmodium falciparum. | we prepared rat monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for very large plasmodium falciparum proteins to assist in their characterization. hybridomas prepared from rats immunized with parasitized erythrocyte (pe) proteins of greater than 200 kda exhibited two patterns of western blot reactivity with pe sds extracts: one represented by clone 41e11 (igm, kappa), the other by clone 12c11 (igm, lambda). mab 41e11 reacted by western blotting with at least 15 antigens, most of which comigrated with antig ... | 1992 | 1435861 |
| effect of intra-erythrocytic magnesium ions on invasion by plasmodium falciparum. | exclusion of magnesium ions from resealed ghosts or their extraction from intact human red cells by means of an ionophore results in a reversible drop in susceptibility to invasion by plasmodium falciparum merozoites in vitro. resealed ghosts, containing magnesium-atp and diluted cytosol, are invaded with high efficiency only when the original hypotonic lysis is carried out in the presence of magnesium ions. this effect is not related to the loss of membrane-associated constituents when magnesiu ... | 1992 | 1437272 |
| transmission blocking antibody of the plasmodium falciparum zygote/ookinete surface protein pfs25 also influences sporozoite development. | the plasmodium falciparum zygote/ookinete surface protein, pfs25, persists in the oocyst wall throughout its development. anti-25 kd transmission blocking antibody, given to infected anopheles stephensi or a. gambiae mosquitoes in an additional bloodmeal, 3-6 days after being fed gametocyte infected blood, penetrated the oocyst and reacted with the 25 kd protein within it. this reaction caused a significant reduction in the number of developing sporozoites. mouse serum containing antibodies rais ... | 1992 | 1437237 |
| immune activation during cerebellar dysfunction following plasmodium falciparum malaria. | evidence for immune activation was investigated in 12 patients with a rare syndrome of self-limiting, delayed onset cerebellar dysfunction following an attack of falciparum malaria which occurred 18-26 d previously. concentrations of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 6 and interleukin 2 were all significantly higher in serum samples of patients during cerebellar ataxia than in recovery sera and in the sera of 8 patients who did not develop delayed cerebellar dysfunction following an attack of ... | 1992 | 1440767 |
| human cerebral malaria: alpha-galactosyl antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. | | 1992 | 1440768 |
| urinary neopterin in volunteers experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. | to investigate the kinetics of monocyte/macrophage activation in falciparum malaria we determined urinary neopterin values serially in experimentally infected volunteers. three subjects who had been immunized with irradiated sporozoites via mosquito bites served as controls. these individuals remained aparasitaemic, afebrile and without a rise in neopterin after challenge by infective mosquitoes. four non-immune subjects developed plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia, fever (3 of 4) and sharp rise ... | 1992 | 1440769 |
| detecting malaria sporozoites in live, field-collected mosquitoes. | a method is described for identifying malaria-infected mosquitoes, without killing them or hampering their fitness. individual mosquitoes were induced to salivate on coverslips, and sporozoites, deposited on the glass surface, were visualized by giemsa staining. of 21 mosquitoes found to contain sporozoites by salivary gland dissection, 13 had delivered sporozoites on coverslips. a positive correlation was found between the amount of saliva expelled and ejection of sporozoites, indicating that t ... | 1992 | 1440771 |
| the effect of artemisinine, its derivatives and mefloquine against chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | a 48 h in vitro test of the efficacy of artemisinine, dihydroartemisinine, artemether, mefloquine and chloroquine was carried out against 3 chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum, strains k1 and t996 from thailand and ls21 from india. a sigmoid emax model was fitted to all in vitro inhibition data for each combination of drug and strain. strains k1 and ls21 were strongly resistant to chloroquine, whereas t996 was partially resistant. artemisinine, dihydroartemisinine and artemeth ... | 1992 | 1440803 |
| the relationship between the response of plasmodium falciparum malaria to mefloquine in african children and its sensitivity in vitro. | the clinical efficacy of two doses of mefloquine (15 and 25 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated in 85 children suffering from acute symptomatic falciparum malaria. the cure rate on day 28 was 100% in both groups. there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the mean parasite and fever clearance times in both groups (48.5 +/- 14.6 and 32.0 +/- 12.7 h respectively for the 25 mg/kg group and 49.0 +/- 15.1 and 30.0 +/- 13.3 h respectively for the 15 mg/kg group). there was also no significant diff ... | 1992 | 1440804 |
| drug sensitivity studies during a highland malaria epidemic in kenya. | | 1992 | 1440805 |
| ciprofloxacin does not achieve radical cure of plasmodium falciparum infection in sierra leone. | recently, activity in vivo of norfloxacin has been reported against plasmodium falciparum and, in vitro, ciprofloxacin has been found to be even more potent than norfloxacin. we therefore treated one patient infected with chloroquine-resistant p. falciparum at relatively low parasite density with ciprofloxacin, 200 mg intravenously twice daily for 3 d. this treatment failed to produce radical cure, although some suppressive effect was probably obtained. the growth of the p. falciparum isolate in ... | 1992 | 1440806 |
| chronotherapy of malaria: improved efficacy of timed chloroquine treatment of patients with plasmodium falciparum infections. | the effect of routine treatment with chloroquine (10 mg/kg on days 1 and 2 and 5 mg/kg on day 3) on parasitaemia and parasitaemic profile of patients infected with plasmodium falciparum was studied. as with p. vinckei petteri, the mid-term trophozoites of p. falciparum were the most susceptible stages to chloroquine treatment. it is suggested that, in order to diminish the frequency of drug administration and to lower the risks of chemoresistance developing, treatment should be diversified, usin ... | 1992 | 1440807 |
| increase of chloroquine resistance in vivo of plasmodium falciparum over two years in edea, south cameroon. | | 1992 | 1440808 |
| alpha-1-acid glycoprotein inhibits the effect of quinine on the growth of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | | 1992 | 1440809 |
| an epidemiological study of a schistosoma intercalatum focus in south-east gabon. | a schistosoma intercalatum focus in south-east gabon was studied between july 1989 and july 1990. among the 356 permanent residents in the village, 354 provided stool specimens and 101 (28.5%) were excreting eggs (geometric mean of egg density = 101.4 eggs/g, with a range of 1-3200). the pattern of prevalence and intensity of infection with age showed the curve usually found in schistosomiasis, i.e. increasing during the first 2 decades of life and then gradually decreasing. the analysis by step ... | 1992 | 1440817 |
| aflatoxin exposure, malaria and hepatitis b infection in rural gambian children. | aflatoxin-albumin adduct levels were measured in serum samples obtained from a group of gambian children. the relationships between exposure to aflatoxin and the prevalence of malaria, between exposure and humoral and cellular responses in vitro to defined malaria antigens and, amongst children with evidence of exposure to hepatitis b infection, between aflatoxin and carriage of the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), were assessed. aflatoxin-albumin adduct was found in nearly all serum samples ... | 1992 | 1440826 |
| plasmodium falciparum: haemoglobinase activity pattern of isolates is not related to chloroquine sensitivity. | | 1992 | 1440765 |
| plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei: detection of sporozoites and the circumsporozoite proteins in the saliva of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | sporozoites and free circumsporozoite (cs) protein were stained immunoenzymatically in 1-min saliva samples collected from anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with either plasmodium berghei or p. falciparum. the number of sporozoites in 1-min saliva-streak samples significantly increased as the salivary gland index rose from 3+ to 4+. for p. berghei-infected mosquitoes from which saliva had been collected before 30 days postfeed, the median sporozoite counts for 3+ and 4+ gland indexes were ... | 1992 | 1438147 |
| rapid in vivo detection of chloroquine resistance by the quantitative buffy coat malaria diagnosis system. | the use of the giemsa-stained thick blood smear for the diagnosis of malaria has not been supplanted since the discovery of the parasite by a. laveran in 1880. recently, a new direct diagnosis technique, the quantitative buffy coat (qbc)* malaria diagnosis system, has been developed. we compared this technique with the thick blood smear diagnosis in a study of the efficacy of chloroquine therapy in zaire. a total of 815 subjects were screened; 71 participated in the trial. they were given chloro ... | 1992 | 1443341 |
| field evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for estimating the sporozoite rate in anopheles albimanus. | we have verified for specimens of anopheles albimanus that an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) used to assess plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum sporozoite antigen rates gives results comparable to the salivary gland dissection method for estimating sporozoite rates. for 14,150 adults of an. albimanus, captured at five locations in guatemala, we report sporozoite antigen rates of 0.03-0.57%, which correlate with the malaria prevalences at the study sites. we also present data that sugge ... | 1992 | 1443346 |
| effect of plasmodium falciparum on blood feeding behavior of naturally infected anopheles mosquitoes in western kenya. | feeding behavior was compared between infected and uninfected field-collected groups of anopheles gambiae sensu lato and an. funestus from western kenya. a significantly greater percentage (81%) of plasmodium falciparum-infected an. gambiae s.l. females probed on experimental hosts (hamsters) than did uninfected females (38%). among those females that initiated probing, there was no effect of infection status on the ability to take a bloodmeal. plasmodium falciparum-infected an. gambiae s.l. pro ... | 1992 | 1443347 |
| circumsporozoite antibody as a serologic marker of plasmodium falciparum transmission. | in a longitudinal study of a malaria-endemic village in southeastern thailand, circumsporozoite (cs) antibody to sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine its usefulness as a seroepidemiologic marker of malaria transmission. the cs anti-(nanp)n antibody level and prevalence during a 25-month period paralleled the pattern of seasonal transmission consistent with conventional parasitologic and entomologic measurements. the prevalence and ... | 1992 | 1443348 |
| in vitro activity of halofantrine and its relationship to other standard antimalarial drugs against african isolates and clones of plasmodium falciparum. | the in vitro activity of halofantrine was studied in chloroquine-susceptible and chloroquine-resistant african clones of plasmodium falciparum over a period of six months. the susceptibility level remained stable in both clones. the chloroquine-susceptible clone (50% inhibitory concentration [ic50] 6.88 nm) was less susceptible to halofantrine than the chloroquine-resistant clone (ic50 2.98 nm). using an isotopic semimicro drug susceptibility test, the in vitro activity of halofantrine was compa ... | 1992 | 1443351 |
| innate resistance to new antimalarial drugs in plasmodium falciparum from nigeria. | the rapid dissemination of chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum in west africa has been well documented and represents a significant health threat to autochthonous populations. the methodical development of alternative chemotherapeutic agents demands that dispensing new antimalarial drugs (mefloquine, halofantrine, and artemisinine [qinghaosu]) be closely monitored in order to protect their clinical utility. indeed, mefloquine-resistant strains of p. falciparum have been reported. we pres ... | 1992 | 1440764 |
| characterization of naturally acquired antibodies to the non-repetitive flanking regions of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum. | antibody responses to the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of plasmodium falciparum have previously been reported against the central repeating tetrapeptides of this protein. segments of the protein flanking the repeat region also contain b-cell epitopes, but specific antibody responses have not been previously characterized. longitudinal serum sets from 16 thai adults who developed acute falciparum malaria were selected to represent a spectrum of antibody response to the repeat region (r32). these ... | 1992 | 1443340 |
| antibodies to the major merozoite surface coat protein of plasmodium falciparum (gp195) in a human population living in a malaria-endemic area of the philippines. | the seroprevalence of naturally acquired antibodies against plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein gp195 was assessed in 726 individuals living in the napsan region of palawan in the philippines. antibodies against gp195 were detected using parasite-derived antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the lowest seroprevalence of anti-gp195 antibodies (45%) was found in the 0-4-year-old age group. by 10-19 years of age, the seroprevalence of anti-gp195 antibodies had leveled off at ... | 1992 | 1443339 |
| immunoaffinity chromatography using electroelution. | immunoaffinity chromatography and electroelution of protein from solid-phase matrices are two powerful tools often used to purify proteins. in this study, we combined these two techniques and found that antigen was effectively recovered from immunoaffinity resins by electroelution. yields ranged from 90.5% to 62.8%, with a mean of 74.0 +/- 7.4% (mean +/- standard deviation). a major portion of the eluate, 79.4 +/- 13.1%, was concentrated in a volume of 100 microliters and 94.0 +/- 2.0% was recov ... | 1992 | 1443606 |
| imported malaria in the bronx: review of 51 cases recorded from 1986 to 1991. | the cases of 51 patients with malaria seen at the albert einstein college of medicine hospitals from january 1986 to june 1991 are reviewed. thirty-five patients acquired infection on journeys to their country of origin. of these 35 patients, 83% of whom had lived in the united states for > or = 2 years, only 17% received antimalarial prophylaxis. ten of the 51 patients were born and raised in the united states, and 70% received prophylaxis (p < .01). six of the 51 patients were visitors to the ... | 1992 | 1445975 |
| [malaria in the dunkerque hospital center from december 1979 to december 1990]. | seventy-one cases of malaria were diagnosed in the hospital of dunkerque from 1979 to 1990. forty-five patients have been infected in the comores islands. among the 24 other imported cases, 17 (71%) have been contaminated in western or central africa. one case of congenital malaria and one of malaria acquired by blood transfusion are also reported. plasmodium falciparum was detected in 84.5% of the patients. the four human species were found among the comorians. two cases with abnormal forms of ... | 1992 | 1443798 |
| [drug sensitivity study of plasmodium falciparum in the city of yaounde (cameroon)]. | in july 1990, the in vitro chemosensitivity of 22 isolates of plasmodium falciparum was assessed by an isotopic semi-microtest in yaounde, cameroon. out of them, 54.5% were resistant to chloroquine, 28.6% to amodiaquine, 4.8% to quinine and 4.5% had a decrease of sensitivity to mefloquine. a strong positive correlation between the ic50 of the antimalarial drugs compared by pairs was detected. | 1992 | 1446175 |
| indonesia medicinal plants. iii. on the constituents of the bark of fagara rhetza (rutaceae). (1): alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, and acid amide. | two new phenylpropanoids, named o-geranylsinapyl alcohol (1) and o-geranylconiferyl alcohol (2), and a new acid amide, named hazeleamide (3), were isolated from the bark of fagara rhetza (rutaceae), an indonesian medicinal plant from flores island, indonesia. the chemical structures of 1, 2, and 3 have been elucidated on the basis of their chemical and physicochemical properties. among the three new compounds, hazeleamide (3) was found to show a pungent taste and to exert a moderate antimalarial ... | 1992 | 1446354 |