| the effect of a fibroblast feeder layer, l-cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol on the growth of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | a fibroblast-like cell line derived from the mountain vole microtus montanus was effective in promoting an increase in the multiplication rate of new and established isolates of plasmodium falciparum. an increase in multiplication rate was also achieved in the absence of m. montanus cells when cultures of p. falciparum were grown in medium which was supplemented with l-cysteine at 12 h intervals, and to a lesser extent when medium was supplemented with 2-mercaptoethanol instead of l-cysteine. | 1990 | 2091340 |
| cloning of a fresh isolate of plasmodium falciparum and drug sensitivity of the clones. | a freshly isolated strain of plasmodium falciparum was cloned by limited dilution using a co-culture of infected erythrocytes on monolayers of functionally active rodent hepatocytes. 15 clones were isolated, and the anti-malarial activity of chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine and halofantrine against the clones, the original isolate, and a culture-adapted isolate was determined using a 48 h radioisotope microdilution method. the multiplication rates of all clones and the culture-adapted isolate we ... | 1990 | 2091341 |
| plasmodium falciparum growth in deep culture. | culture conditions have been developed which enable the asexual erythrocytic stage of plasmodium falciparum to be grown in deep culture and produce parasite yields comparable to shallow stationary culture. the major benefit of deep culture is that large volumes of parasites can be grown in a single vessel (up to 8 litres) and thus advantage can be taken of semi-automatic approaches to medium replacement. other benefits are that large quantities of viable parasites can be matured without multiple ... | 1990 | 2091342 |
| enzyme typing of southern african isolates of plasmodium falciparum by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | nineteen southern african isolates of plasmodium falciparum were typed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using 5 enzymes (glucose phosphate isomerase, adenosine deaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). limited variation was found amongst the isolates and the frequencies of variants were similar to those of isolates from other parts of the world. eight of the isolates contained 2 forms of glucose phosphate isomerase, indi ... | 1990 | 2091343 |
| the inhibition of plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro by sera from mice infected with malaria or treated with tnf. | despite some years of enquiry, the mechanism that leads to intra-erythrocytic death of malarial parasites during the host's response to infection has not been elucidated. we report here that serum from mice undergoing a successful immune response to plasmodium chabaudi does not inhibit plasmodium falciparum unless the pl. chabaudi is virulent enough to rise to at least 50% parasitaemia and to cause illness. this appears to be true of the 556 ka and ds strains of pl. chabaudi, and also other muri ... | 1990 | 2092288 |
| therapeutics review: the use of parenteral drugs for falciparum malaria. | recent studies on the pharmacokinetics of parenteral chloroquine and quinine have resulted in safer regimens for the treatment of severe falciparum malaria. in this article we summarise these regimens, and discuss the emergence of chloroquine resistance and the implications for treatment. | 1990 | 2092877 |
| complications of seasonal adult malaria at a central hospital. | recently introduced chloroquine resistant malaria has altered the clinical picture and complicated the overall management of malaria. 113 adults with proved malaria admitted at harare central hospital, zimbabwe, were evaluated to determine the incidence, nature, relationship to morbidity and mortality and response to treatment of the complications due to malaria. 47.7 pc (52 of 109) patients had relatively chloroquine resistant malaria. 87.4 pc (99 of 113) had complications whose percentage freq ... | 1990 | 2092879 |
| in vivo test for sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in faridabad complex of haryana (india). | a study was conducted to know the chloroquine sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum in faridabad complex of haryana state where indigenous resistant cases of p. falciparum to chloroquine have been detected for the first time in the district. out of 13 cases tested, 3 cases showed resistance at riii level, 5 cases at rii level and 5 cases at ri level. | 1990 | 2093003 |
| influence of some growth promoting substances on multiplication of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | a number of growth promoting substances used in plant tissue culture were investigated for their effect on cultures of malaria parasites. in all, seven such growth promoting substances were employed. out of these, only three substances, namely indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid and gibberellic acid improved p. falciparum growth in vitro. | 1990 | 2093005 |
| plasmodium falciparum--chloroquine in vivo test in northeast india: reclassification and extended follow-up till day 14. | in vivo test for the susceptibility of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was carried out in 390 patients. parasite density was analysed by calculating the mean of each day's parasite count and the value was expressed per microliters of blood. majority of sensitive and resistant infections attained minimal values on day 4. further more, this value provides a clear-cut, statistically significant difference between sensitive and ri cases (z = 2.14, p less than 0.05) rii, riii cases (z = 3.86, p ... | 1990 | 2093006 |
| studies on genetic polymorphism in relation to malaria in tea gardens of dibrugarh district, assam. | | 1990 | 2093007 |
| human immunization with attenuated sporozoites. | studies conducted between 1971 and 1975 showed that attenuated sporozoites can induce protection against human malaria. three volunteers were protected against challenge with either a homologous or heterologous strain of plasmodium falciparum after being exposed to a total of 440-987 x-irradiated mosquitos on 6-8 occasions over a period of 10-38 weeks. protection lasted for at least 8 weeks, but not 16 weeks, after the last immunization with irradiated sporozoites. another 7 volunteers were not ... | 1990 | 2094578 |
| the conformational restriction of synthetic vaccines for malaria. | the effectiveness of synthetic vaccines is dependent upon the chance event that antibodies formed against largely disordered peptides can bind native protein surfaces which are often ordered. to improve on this situation, new methods are being developed for the conformational restriction of synthetic peptides. cognate peptide sequences often form predictable secondary structures in proteins characterized by distinct hydrogen-bonding patterns. these weak hydrogen bonds have now been replaced with ... | 1990 | 2094582 |
| pre-erythrocytic stage malaria parasites: non-circumsporozoite protein antigens. | a series of non-circumsporozoite proteins found in pre-erythrocytic parasites are being developed as putative vaccine candidates. it is anticipated that these will be useful in addition to, rather than instead of, the cs (circumsporozoite) vaccines. it is likely that a greater understanding of the basic biology of malaria parasite-host relationships will lead to development of improved malarial vaccines. | 1990 | 2094584 |
| presence of a circumsporozoite-like protein in micronemes of blood-stage merozoites of malaria parasites. | we demonstrate for the first time the presence of a circumsporozoite (cs)-like protein in invasive blood stages of malaria parasites. immunogold electron microscopy using antisporozoite monoclonal antibodies localized these antigens in the micronemes of merozoites. western immunoblot and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of mature blood-stage extracts of plasmodium falciparum, p. berghei, p. cynomolgi, and p. brasilianum identified polypeptides having the same apparent molecular mass and isoel ... | 1990 | 2094585 |
| antibody responses to plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax sporozoites in areas with stable and unstable malaria. | availability of synthetic and recombinant peptides reproducing the repetitive regions of the circumsporozoite (cs) proteins of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax has allowed the development of assays for the detection of specific antibodies and of potential subunit vaccines. knowledge of the immune responses to malaria sporozoites is a prerequisite for the optimal design of a sporozoite antigen-based vaccine. studies carried out in areas with stable p. falciparum malaria (united republic of tanz ... | 1990 | 2094587 |
| human studies with synthetic peptide sporozoite vaccine (nanp)3-tt and immunization with irradiated sporozoites. | the synthetic peptide plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (cs) protein conjugate vaccine (nanp)3-tt was safe when given parenterally to 202 volunteers. however, with a few notable exceptions, antibody responses were low and could not be boosted. vaccinees' lymphocytes did not proliferate when exposed in vitro to (nanp)3. the tetanus toxoid (tt) carrier immunomodulated the response to the cs peptide in that both epitopic suppression and immune enhancement were demonstrated during the course of ... | 1990 | 2094588 |
| interferon-alpha and synthetic peptide malaria sporozoite vaccine in non-immune adults: antibody response after 40 weeks. | adults with no known immunity to sporozoites received, i.m., at weeks 0 and 8 two single 200 micrograms doses of a peptide plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine conjugated to tetanus toxoid ((nanp)3-tt) plus placebo (group 1) or interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) (group 2) and were followed for antibody responses at weeks 4, 12 and 40. peak antibody responses were observed at week 12. at week 40, a greater than or equal to 4-fold increase in antibody titre to sporozoites in ifa, or to (nanp)50 in e ... | 1990 | 2094589 |
| evaluation of an in vitro assay aimed at measuring protective antibodies against sporozoites. | we have evaluated the in vitro biological activities of antibodies directed against sporozoites and compared them with their capacity to protect against challenge with both human and rodent malaria. the anti-plasmodium falciparum antibodies evaluated with the test included monoclonal antibodies (mabs) nfs1 and nfs2 as well as polyclonal antibodies contained in human hyperimmune sera directed against sporozoites of p. falciparum. the inhibitory effect of these antibodies was dependent on their co ... | 1990 | 2094592 |
| cellular and humoral immune responses to a recombinant p. falciparum cs protein in sporozoite-immunized rodents and human volunteers. | the immune responses of sporozoite-immunized rodents and of human volunteers exposed to multiple bites of irradiated plasmodium falciparum infected mosquitos have been investigated using a yeast-derived recombinant p. falciparum circumsporozoite (rpfcs) protein. the murine immune response to immunization with rpfcs was not genetically restricted. nine different murine haplotypes, when immunized with rpfcs, developed high levels of antisporozoite antibodies detectable by ifa and ria. in addition, ... | 1990 | 2094595 |
| immunity to falciparum and vivax malaria induced by irradiated sporozoites: a review of the university of maryland studies, 1971-75. | the immunogenicity in adult male volunteers of sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax was evaluated at the university of maryland from 1971 to 1975. inoculation of large numbers of sporozoites by mosquitos that had been x-irradiated proved safe and well tolerated, and the sporozoites were rendered noninfective. three volunteers were protectively immunized by this method, one against p. falciparum, one against p. vivax, and one against both species. protection was species- and stage-sp ... | 1990 | 2094597 |
| [imported fever in a 4-year-old boy]. | | 1990 | 2095907 |
| [construction of a genomic dna library of toxoplasma gondii (zs2 strain), screening of specific clone and dna diagnosis of toxoplasmosis]. | we have constructed a genomic dna library of toxoplasma gondii (zs2 strain) and screened out a specific dna sequence for t. gondii. the restriction map of the cloned dna fragment (1.1kb) was analysed. the southern and dot-blot analyses showed that the 32p-labeled cloned dna fragment hybridized to the parasite dna, dnas from peripheral white blood cells and thymus of baby pigs artificially infected with t. gondii and dnas of t. gondii- positive anencephalus and hydrocephalus, but did not hybridiz ... | 1990 | 2095993 |
| glucose metabolism in quinine-treated patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. | to investigate host and drug effects on glucose metabolism in acute falciparum malaria, 10 previously untreated, fasting thai males with uncomplicated infections were given a 2-h intravenous glucose infusion (5 mg/kg ideal body weight min) with an infusion of quinine dihydrochloride (10 mg/kg body weight) during the second hour. eight patients were restudied in convalescence. fasting plasma glucose (mean +/- sd) and insulin (geometric mean (-sd to + sd] were higher during acute illness (5.5 +/- ... | 1990 | 2096009 |
| synergism between arteether and mefloquine or quinine in a multidrug-resistant strain of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | | 1990 | 2096497 |
| clinical efficacy of mefloquine in children suffering from chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria in nigeria. | one hundred and thirteen children with symptomatic uncomplicated falciparum malaria were treated with either chloroquine 25 mg/kg body weight over 3 d (51 subjects) or mefloquine 25 mg/kg body weight single dose (62 subjects). the cure rate in the chloroquine group was 65% and in the mefloquine group 100%. 14 patients with chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria (7 ri, 6 rii and one riii) were successfully treated with mefloquine. the clearance times of parasitaemia and fever were 60 +/- 21.5 h ... | 1990 | 2096499 |
| audiometry as a possible indicator of quinine plasma concentration during treatment of malaria. | the spread of chloroquine-resistant malaria has led to a resurgence of quinine in clinical use. one of the well-known side effects of quinine, reversible hearing loss, is closely related to the plasma concentration. we suggest that this hearing effect could be used as an aid in therapy control when quinine drug assay is not available. | 1990 | 2096500 |
| effects of untreated bed nets on the transmission of plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax and wuchereria bancrofti in papua new guinea. | the impact of untreated bed nets on the transmission of human malaria and filariasis in a village in a hyperendemic area of papua new guinea was studied. in anopheline mosquitoes, the plasmodium falciparum sporozoite antigen positivity rate, filarial infection rates and human blood indices dropped significantly after bed nets were introduced. this reduction in human-vector contact did not affect mosquito density as no significant difference in either landing rates or indoor resting catches was f ... | 1990 | 2096502 |
| experience with the becton dickinson qbc ii centrifugal haematology analyser for haemoparasites. | | 1990 | 2096505 |
| congenital malaria in papua new guinea. | | 1990 | 2096531 |
| cerebral malaria--an analysis of 55 cases. | this study reflects the clinical pattern, diagnosis and management of cerebral malaria in 55 consecutive patients from chittagong hill tracts. the predominant clinical features were: impaired consciousness with convulsion in a febrile patient with temporary residence in the endemic zone. younger people were more prone to develop this condition. thirty two patients (58.18%) were between 18-25 years. a high incidence of cerebral malaria was noted in blood group 'o' (37.5%) and group 'b' (33.33%). ... | 1990 | 2096810 |
| merozoite selection of erythrocytes by age and the induction of protective immunity. | | 1990 | 2096982 |
| three-dimensional reconstruction of the feeding process of the malaria parasite. | the use of serial sectioning followed by three-dimensional (3d) reconstruction is a convenient way to study the spatial morphology of any structure (organ, cell, organelle). this method was applied to the study of the feeding mechanism of some strains of murine and human plasmodium and enabled clarification of morphological features of this process. the feeding and digestive system of plasmodium is polymorphic: in single sections, it shows rounded or elongated vesicles or vacuoles of very differ ... | 1990 | 2096983 |
| intra- and extracellular routing in p. falciparum. | | 1990 | 2096984 |
| heterogeneous and substrate-specific membrane transport pathways induced in malaria-infected erythrocytes. | | 1990 | 2096985 |
| the role of calcium ions in the invasion of plasmodium falciparum. | | 1990 | 2096986 |
| increased susceptibility of malaria-infected variant erythrocytes to the mononuclear phagocyte system. | the interactions of the mononuclear phagocyte system with plasmodium falciparum-infected genetically variant erythrocytes may result in a significant protection for the host. infected hemoglobin (hb) ee and hb ea erythrocytes are more susceptible to phagocytosis by monocytes than are infected hb aa erythrocytes. the increased susceptibility to phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes was also found for a number of genetic variants involving the alpha-globin chain, namely, alpha-thal 1 trait (--/alp ... | 1990 | 2098019 |
| studies on malaria transmission in orissa state: part i. development of a methodology for systematic studies. | standardized collections of anopheles were conducted by three entomology field investigation units (fiu's) working in three distinctively different areas of orissa state. the fiu's conducted identical routine weekly work schedules in each of 12 mesoendemic or hyperendemic study villages every month. in addition, monthly house-to-house fever case surveys were conducted in each study village and biannual malariometric surveys were carried out with the timing being shifted, so that eventually all s ... | 1990 | 2098408 |
| malaria survey in some parts of namsang circle of tirap district, arunachal pradesh. | a study on malaria conducted in namsang circle of tirap district (arunachal pradesh) during april-october 1986 revealed that the malaria incidence due to plasmodium falciparum was considerably high. rii level of chloroquine resistance was also found among the p. falciparum cases studied by who in-vivo test. in entomological survey, anopheles maculatus was collected more than other 10 anopheline species encountered. a. minimus was detected and incriminated as a vector species. | 1990 | 2098416 |
| efficacy of sulfalene and pyrimethamine combination drugs alone and with quinine in treatment of p. falciparum cases in chloroquine resistant areas of north east india. | studies were carried out in some areas of assam, nagaland, west bengal and mizoram where chloroquine resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum were present during 1983 and 1984, to see the efficacy of treatment of p. falciparum cases with slp alone or with quinine sulphate. the findings have indicated that slp in the dosage of sulfalene (1000 mg) + pyrimethamine (50 mg) is suitable for treatment of p. falciparum cases not responding to chloroquine therapy in n.e. india. treatment with sulfalene ... | 1990 | 2098422 |
| patterns of erythropoiesis and anaemia in malaria. | of 138 patients with malaria, 90 were found to be having plasmodium falciparum in their peripheral blood smears. megaloblastosis alone or in combination with the other patterns of erythropoiesis was observed in 82.1 percent cases of chronic p. falciparum malaria as compared to 36.3 and 26.5 per cent cases of acute p. falciparum and p. vivax malaria respectively. iron deficiency was observed in 15.5 percent cases of chronic p. falciparum, 18.2 per cent cases of acute p. falciparum and 13.3 per ce ... | 1990 | 2098429 |
| an in-vitro profile of the action of four antimalarials on indigenous cases of plasmodium falciparum malaria in karnataka. | in view of the emergence of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum from more and more geographical areas profiling of the responses to other available antimalarials by in vitro methods have become essential. a preliminary study undertaken in two primary health centres of karnataka state, india show the presence of strains of p. falciparum resistant to chloroquine and amodiaquine. the response for amodiaquine was poor as compared to chloroquine. the isolates were, however, sensitive to meflo ... | 1990 | 2098431 |
| detection of plasmodia in acridine orange stained capillary tubes (the qbc system). | the sensitivity, specificity and convenience of carrying out malaria diagnosis in acridine orange stained capillary tubes using a fluorescent microscope (the qbc system) was compared to screening for plasmodia on conventional giemsa stained thick smears. a dilution study revealed that the qbc is able to detect plasmodia in as low a dilution as 5 organisms per ul. the qbc system was evaluated at a district hospital in thailand. a preliminary study of 186 patients compared the qbc system to the ro ... | 1990 | 2098913 |
| quinine resistant falciparum malaria treated with mefloquine. | twenty eight adult male patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria which showed ri or rii responses to quinine sulfate at the dosage of 600 mg 8 hourly for 7, 10 or 14 days were treated with a single dose of mefloquine (lariam); 25 patients received 1000 mg, 2 received 750 mg and 1 received 500 mg. the initial response was good; there was no rii or riii response. three patients were lost to followup. of 25 patients who stayed in the bangkok hospital for tropical diseases where there wa ... | 1990 | 2098915 |
| [malaria situation in china, 1989. advisory committee on parasitic diseases, moph]. | according to the case reporting system, malaria cases in the whole country (taiwan province not included) in 1989 accounted for 137,540, the incidence being 12.56/100,000, and lethal cases, 60. all these were close to those (134,156, 12.44/100,000, and 53) in 1988, while an insidious increase was in view. on the basis of county/city reckoning, about 984.5 million people reside in 2,576 counties/cities where malaria incidence was less than 0.1 per 1,000 (including non-endemic areas); 80.2 million ... | 1990 | 2099250 |
| [in vitro cultivation of plasmodium falciparum with umbilical cord erythrocyte]. | plasmodium falciparum was cultivated with umbilical cord erythrocytes or with erythrocytes from human adults for 33 days and 50 days respectively. the erythrocyte infection rate increased eightfold to eighteenfold at intervals of three to four days, the highest erythrocyte infection rate being more than 20%. furthermore, the infection rate of umbilical cord erythrocytes was higher than that of adult erythrocytes at 48, 72 and 96 hours of cultivation, respectively (p less than 0.01). the results ... | 1990 | 2099258 |
| [tumor necrosis serum induce plasmodium falciparum crisis form]. | this paper reports that tumor necrosis serum (tns) containing tumor necrosis factor (tnf) could inhibit plasmodium falciparum in vitro. tns was obtained from rabbits given macrophage-activating agent mycobacterium tuberculosis (bcg) followed by intravenous administration of bacterial endotoxin (lps). the results showed that tns dilutions of 1:3, 1:6 and 1:12 could induce disappearance of plasmodium falciparum (p less than 0.05) after being cultured 6 hours. tns decreased red blood cell infective ... | 1990 | 2099264 |
| [bacteremia caused by salmonella arizonae in a patient with malaria]. | | 1990 | 2099864 |
| chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria at nchelenge, northeastern zambia. follow-up on 515 hospital patients. | from 1986 until 1988 chloroquine sensitivity of plasmodium falciparum malaria was monitored in 515 hospital patients in nchelenge district, northeastern zambia. after treatment with chloroquine 30 mg base/kg, bloodslides were examined on day 2, 4, 6 and 7. the overall resistance rate was 21.4%, of which 29% was r1-, 30% r2-, 18% r3- and 23% r2-3 resistance. resistance rates were negatively correlated with age and positively with the initial parasitemia. it is suggested that in vivo tests of chlo ... | 1990 | 2100073 |
| [the treatment of imported plasmodium falciparum malaria with halofantrine. apropos of 59 case reports (corrected and republished article orginally printed in med trop (mars) 1990 jan-mar;50(1):113-7)]. | 59 cases of plasmodium falciparum malaria fever occurring in non-immune caucasian subjects having got a correct chemoprophylaxis by chloroquine were treated by halofantrine (halfan). they were given 1500 mg divided in 3 doses of 500 mg every 6 hours from d1 to d8. all them were back from a malarial highly endemic zone with chloroquine resistance. analysis of the main biological and clinical efficiency parameters displayed very satisfactory results: disappearances of fever (mean 22 h) and parasit ... | 1990 | 2100512 |
| clinical experience with halofantrine in the treatment of malaria. | halofantrine hydrochloride (hf) belongs to a new class of antimalarials, the phenanthrene methanols. preliminary clinical studies suggested that an adult dose of 500 mg 6-hourly for three doses, with a weight-based regimen of 8 mg/kg 6-hourly for three doses in children, would be effective. in an ongoing clinical programme, 1973 patients with acute malaria were analysed, of whom 1474 (1315 with p. falciparum and 122 with p. vivax malaria) received the above regimen. in the studies 931 adults and ... | 1990 | 2100732 |
| the resistance of falciparum malaria in africa to 4-aminoquinolines and antifolates. | falciparum malaria cannot be eradicated from sub-saharan africa with present technology. the mainstay of malaria control in this situation is treatment of fever cases with chloroquine, aiming principally at reduction of mortality. the efficacy of this policy is now endangered because of the appearance and spread of chloroquine-resistance on the african continent. the present review examines laboratory and field research on the resistance of african p.falciparum to chloroquine, amodiaquine, pyrim ... | 1990 | 2100881 |
| [malaria in spain]. | | 1990 | 2103299 |
| [induced malaria in drug addicts? a real problem in our country?]. | | 1990 | 2103300 |
| implications of cytokines in immunopathology: experimental and clinical data. | | 1990 | 2104242 |
| rna-binding protein-related sequence in a malaria antigen, clustered-asparagine-rich protein. | members of the rna-binding protein superfamily contain rna binding domains of about 90 amino acids with a highly conserved motif 'gfgf'. using the conserved motif with some variations g-(f/y)-(g/a)-(f/y)-(v/i)-x-(f/y) as a probe, we screened protein sequences carrying identical amino acids in an nbrf-protein database. it has been found that the c-terminal portion of clustered asparagine-rich protein (carp), a malaria antigen from plasmodium falciparum, shows an unexpected sequence similarity wit ... | 1990 | 2105236 |
| risk of malaria in british residents returning from malarious areas. | to identify which british residents travelling abroad are at greatest risk of malaria infection, and to determine the efficacy of malaria chemoprophylaxis for preventing p falciparum infections in tropical africa. | 1990 | 2107927 |
| the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen protein of plasmodium falciparum is phosphorylated upon association with the host cell membrane. | the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (resa) is a 155-kda malarial polypeptide which is released from merozoites and becomes associated with the erythrocyte membrane at the time of invasion. inside-out vesicles (iovs) prepared from plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes contain resa, presumably bound to the membrane skeleton, as it is largely insoluble in triton x-100. when these iovs were incubated with [gamma-32p]atp, a 155-kda polypeptide was labeled in iovs from infected, but no ... | 1990 | 2108327 |
| antibodies to a histidine-rich protein (pfhrp1) disrupt spontaneously formed plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte rosettes. | cerebral involvement in plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with sequestration of infected red blood cells and occlusion of cerebral vessels. adhesion of infected erythrocytes along the vascular endothelium as well as binding of uninfected erythrocytes to cells infected with late-stage asexual parasites (rosetting) may be important in erythrocyte sequestration. we report that the recently discovered rosetting phenomenon shares characteristics with other human cell-cell interactions (hepa ... | 1990 | 2108439 |
| parasite antigens expressed in escherichia coli. a refined approach for epidemiological analysis. | a simple method is described to generate carrier-free recombinant antigens following their expression in escherichia coli. a plasmid, called pmsgt11, has been constructed such that the cleavage site for the protease factor xa separates the recombinant antigen from an enzymatically active beta-galactosidase. thus, rapid purification of the active beta-galactosidase recombinant protein, followed by digestion with factor xa, releases the antigen of interest. the pmsgt11 plasmid is compatible with t ... | 1990 | 2109015 |
| antibodies to plasmodium falciparum sporozoites following a malarial outbreak in a non-endemic area of sri lanka. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the synthetic peptide (nanp)40 was used to characterize the sporozoite antibodies in an unusual plasmodium falciparum outbreak in a non-malarious area in sri lanka. a positive antibody response was seen in 62% of patients with their first p. falciparum illness. there was no correlation between sporozoite antibodies and the antibody against blood stages, determined by immunofluorescence assay. the majority (91%) of the patients lost the antibo ... | 1990 | 2111943 |
| cellular and humoral immune responses to plasmodium falciparum gametocyte antigens in malaria-immune individuals. limited response to the 48/45-kilodalton surface antigen does not appear to be due to mhc restriction. | we have examined immune responses to a cultured plasmodium falciparum gametocyte lysate and to an affinity-purified preparation of the 48/45-kda gamete surface ag in a group of 30 malaria immune individuals and in 24 europeans with no previous exposure to malaria. cellular responses were assessed in vitro by lymphoproliferation and production of ifn-gamma; antigamete antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and competitive elisa. cells from all the malaria immune donors ... | 1990 | 2112574 |
| plasmodium falciparum: properties of an alpha-like dna polymerase, the key enzyme in dna synthesis. | an alpha-like dna polymerase has been identified and characterized in the extracts from the malarial parasite plasmodium falciparum. the enzyme is sensitive to the specific inhibitors of alpha-dna polymerase, n-ethylmaleimide and aphidicolin, and is cell-cycle specific. high activity has been found in the schizont, is lower in trophozoites, and has only negligible activity in the ring form. the enzyme has a molecular weight of about mr 100,000-103,000 estimated by detecting activity in sds-polya ... | 1990 | 2113008 |
| imported malaria in italy from 1986 to 1988. | the trend of imported malaria cases in italy from 1960 to 1988 is discussed. comparative analysis of malaria incidence in the last three years is also presented. since 1985, a rapid increase was recorded with 191 cases in 1986, 287 in 1987 and 350 in 1988. in 1986-1988 plasmodium falciparum was responsible for 74% cases of the total number, followed by p. vivax (21%), p. malariae (2.2%) and p. ovale (1%). 86% of the imported cases was acquired in african countries, 8% in asia and 3% in south ame ... | 1990 | 2114489 |
| production by activated human t cells of interleukin 4 but not interferon-gamma is associated with elevated levels of serum antibodies to activating malaria antigens. | t cells play a crucial role in antibody-mediated and antibody-independent immunity against plasmodium falciparum malaria. therefore, a vaccine immunogen should include parasite-derived b- and t-cell epitopes capable of giving rise to protective responses in both systems. the p. falciparum antigen pf155/ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (resa), a vaccine candidate, contains immunodominant t- and b-cell epitopes located in the central (5') and c-terminal (3') invariant repeat regions of th ... | 1990 | 2115172 |
| irrigation, schistosomiasis, and malaria in the logone valley, cameroon. | field studies of a rice irrigation project in mayo-danai, north cameroon permitted a direct comparison between pre- and post-development data relating to schistosomiasis and malaria infection. a stratified sample of 4,000 inhabitants, representing 8% of the population living in 28 areas at the time of the first survey, was investigated 5 times between 1979 and 1985. due to the significant population increase since 1982, 1,500 persons were added to the initial sample. the prevalence of schistosom ... | 1990 | 2115305 |
| continuous in-vitro cultivation of plasmodium falciparum in ibadan: solutions to scientific and logistical problems. | the technique of continuous in-vitro cultivation of plasmodium falciparum has not been widely applied in malaria-endemic areas, due to scientific as well as purely logistical problems. methods for solving or coping with these problems are described. they have already proved effective for over 4 years. the parasites harvested have been satisfactory, as judged by reproducible logarithmic growth curves and normal morphology in leishman-stained smears as well as phase-contrast microscopy of wet-prep ... | 1990 | 2115731 |
| a review of antimalarial drug pyronaridine. | | 1990 | 2118061 |
| rapid detection and sequencing of specific in vitro amplified dna sequences using solid phase methods. | we describe a rapid solid phase assay for detection and sequencing of dna sequences based on selective introduction of biotin and isotope into the specific dna fragment amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a two-step pcr procedure is used to lower the background signal. the in vitro amplified material is immobilized on magnetic beads with covalently coupled streptavidin and the amount of bound label is measured. samples identified as positive can be analysed by direct solid phase dn ... | 1990 | 2119482 |
| [vaccination against malaria: initial trial with an ant-sporozoite vaccine, (nanp)3-tt (ro 40-2361) in africa (bobo-dioulasso, burkina faso)]. | the vaccine (nanp)3-tt is a synthetic peptide of the circumsporozoite protein (cs) of plasmodium falciparum coupled to tetanus toxoid (tt) as protein carrier and adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant. the objectives of the study were to assess the immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of the vaccine in an area where malaria is endemic. the study was conducted in a zone of irrigated rice cultivation known as the vallée du kou to the north of bobo-dioulasso. malaria transmission is perm ... | 1990 | 2119897 |
| macrophage activation in falciparum malaria as measured by neopterin and interferon-gamma. | macrophage activation during acute falciparum malaria in 71 thai adults was investigated by measuring urinary neopterin and serum interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). neopterin, a product of ifn-gamma-activated macrophages, was elevated in 94% of patients upon admission (day 0, prior to treatment) and in all at some time during the period of study. neopterin levels tended to rise further (days 1-5) before falling back towards the normal range as patients recovered following effective chemotherapy (days ... | 1990 | 2119922 |
| a single exon codes for the enzyme domain of a protozoan cysteine protease. | theileria parva is an intracellular protozoan parasite of cattle. we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a gene and cdna coding for a cysteine protease of t. parva. the gene is divided into two exons. the first exon codes for a signal sequence and for part of the "pro" region of the zymogen. the second exon codes for the remainder of the pro region, including residues thought to be involved in zymogen processing, and for the entire enzyme domain. part of this exon cross-hybridizes, at hig ... | 1990 | 2120221 |
| occupational malaria in thai rangers: epidemiological, clinical and immunological features. | malaria continues to be a serious disease threat to soldiers deployed in tropical environments. distinct features of the disease and the host immune response require that malaria occurring in occupational groups be investigated separately from the infection as found in endemic populations. for the first time since the vietnam war, malaria has been systematically studied in soldiers under combat conditions. in this report we describe characteristics of malaria as experienced by thai rangers opera ... | 1990 | 2120625 |
| cell-adhesive motif in region ii of malarial circumsporozoite protein. | the segment of the malarial circumsporozoite (cs) protein designated region ii is highly conserved among different malarial species. a similar sequence is also present in several other proteins, including thrombospondin, properdin, and a blood-stage antigen of plasmodium falciparum. by means of peptides synthesized from sequences of the plasmodium vivax cs protein in the vicinity of region ii, it was found that two overlapping 18- to 20-amino acid peptides promoted the adhesion of a variety of h ... | 1990 | 2120774 |
| technological advances in blood rheology. | the science of blood rheology (study of the flow and deformability of blood) is of increasing practical importance to the investigation of blood disorders. in diagnostic laboratories, rheological tests such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, zeta sedimentation ratio, and plasma viscosity are used to monitor patients with an acute-phase response of greater than 24 h duration. in sickle-cell anemia, new methods for measuring erythrocyte deformability can be used to investigate the pathogenesis ... | 1990 | 2121160 |
| in vitro biosynthesis and membrane translocation of the serine rich protein of plasmodium falciparum. | the serine-rich protein (serp) of plasmodium falciparum is found within the parasitophorous vacuole. exons 1 and 2 of the serp gene were combined to a continuous open reading frame and expressed in a cell free translation/translocation system to study translocation of the protein across membranes. the protein was found to be translocated co-translationally across canine pancreatic microsomes. this process required the presence of the signal recognition particle, and it was accompanied by cleavag ... | 1990 | 2122249 |
| vh and vl region structure of antibodies that recognize the (nanp)3 dodecapeptide sequence in the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum. | the sporozoite form of plasmodium falciparum displays on its surface the circumsporozoite (cs) protein. the central domain of this protein possesses a reiterated tetrapeptide sequence asn-ala-asn-pro (nanp), and greater than 90% of the sporozoite-specific antibodies obtained from individuals living in malaria endemic areas recognize epitopes within this repeat sequence. considering the highly repetitive structure of this naturally occurring antigen and its immunodominance, we were interested in ... | 1990 | 2125276 |
| preparation of proteosome-based vaccines. correlation of immunogenicity with physical characteristics. | in order to facilitate the use of proteosome-based vaccines, we have identified and analyzed the parameters that affect their immunogenicity. as a model system we used synthetic peptides (lcf6) containing sequences from the immunodominant (nanp)n tandem repeat region of the p. falciparum circumsporozoite protein, hydrophobically complexed to multimeric protein preparations (proteosomes) of meningococcal outer membrane proteins (omp), since we have previously shown that high levels of anti-(nanp) ... | 1990 | 2125617 |
| [cost-benefit analysis of malaria prophylaxis with mefloquine in travelers to kenya]. | with an increasing movement towards cost saving in the health sector, preventive medicine must also be judged according to its economic viability. the fact that prevention can autofinance itself is suggested by the results of a cost/benefit analysis of chemoprophylaxis of falciparum malaria with mefloquin among travellers in kenya. out of the whole group of travellers analysed by means of an interview-based test (malpro-study), the costs in the case of both switzerland and the federal german rep ... | 1990 | 2125779 |
| [in vitro induction of plasmodium falciparum schizogony by human high density lipoproteins (hdl)]. | the effects of serum and human lipoproteins (hdl, vldl, ldl) were investigated on the intraerythrocytic cycle of p. falciparum using in vitro synchronized cultures. the reinvasion process of erythrocytes by merozoites and the development until the young trophozoite stage are independent of serum components. in the absence of serum, schizogony did not occur. however, addition of serum before the 24th hour of culture in basal medium restores a normal schizogony. serum replacement by the different ... | 1990 | 2125846 |
| serum tumor necrosis factor associated with malaria in patients in the solomon islands. | there is now significant evidence that tumor necrosis factor (tnf) is involved in the pathogenesis of malaria. we have tested sera from patients presenting with a febrile illness admitted to hospital in honiara, solomon islands, for the presence of tnf, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-1 (il-1). this study differs from previous reports as the subjects were mainly adults from a semi-immune population living in an endemic area. the results from 2 different commercially-available assays for tnf we ... | 1990 | 2126152 |
| killing of plasmodium falciparum by cytokine activated effector cells (neutrophils and macrophages). | macrophages display natural antibody independent killing of asexual blood stages of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. in contrast, the neutrophil killing of p. falciparum requires the presence of antibodies. cytokines such as tnf alpha have very little effect on the macrophage-induced antiplasmodial activity, but significantly increase the damage of parasites by neutrophils. cytokines, tnf alpha, ifn-gamma and tnf beta at very high concentrations were not toxic to p. falciparum in culture. it is p ... | 1990 | 2126525 |
| measuring cellular immune responses to malaria antigens in endemic populations: epidemiological, parasitological and physiological factors which influence in vitro assays. | measurements of in vitro cellular immune responses to malaria antigens are influenced by a variety of external factors. the physiological status of the donor, which is affected by, for example, malaria infection, intercurrent illness and pregnancy, can influence the lymphoproliferative response to specific antigens. prior exposure to malaria antigens, determined by malaria endemicity, seasonal variations in transmission and the degree of polymorphism of the particular antigen, will also affect t ... | 1990 | 2126527 |
| the role of cytokines in malaria infection. | we have tested the prophylactic effect of escherichia coli-derived recombinant human interferon gamma (rhuifn-(gamma] against sporozoite- or trophozoite-induced plasmodium cynomolgi b malaria infection in rhesus monkeys. data show that treatment with only five doses of rhuifn-(gamma) (0.1 mg/kg body weight) given on days -2, 0, and +2 after infection protected the monkeys against sporozoite-induced p. cynomolgi infection. animals initially protected by rhuifn-(gamma) treatment remained susceptib ... | 1990 | 2128826 |
| sequence coding for a sexual stage specific protein of plasmodium falciparum. | | 1990 | 2129551 |
| [borreliosis and pregnancy. (review of the literature apropos of 1 case)]. | it exists, essentially, in two, epidemiological forms: recurrent fever (fr) carried by fleas, resulting in wide scale epidemics; recurrent fever carried by ticks (soft ticks) of the ornithodorus type which results in localized, endemo-sporadic manifestations throughout the world. the second type is the main one in these regions, but the first is not uncommon. the report covers a peculiar case of flea-borne borreliosis occurring in a pregnant woman and associated with the presence of hbs antigen ... | 1990 | 2131186 |
| forty years of malaria eradication in sardinia. a new appraisal of a great enterprise. | the campaign against malaria in sardinia carried out by the ente regionale per la lotta anti-anofelica in sardegna (erlaas), appears today as one of the greatest efforts against malaria since the discovery of its aetiology and mode of transmission. the disease was eradicated without achieving the eradication of the vector, anopheles labranchiae, the main objective of the campaign. this species eradication failure had been at first attributed to the indigenous character of a. labranchiae and its ... | 1990 | 2132434 |
| anopheles pharoensis and transmission of plasmodium falciparum in the senegal river delta, west africa. | 1. anopheles pharoensis theobald was found to be the prevalent man-biting anopheline mosquito in the central area of the senegal river delta. 2. blood-fed females of an. pharoensis were obtained during september-december 1987 from mosquito bednets in the village of souhloul, near the boundoum dam, 70 km ne of st louis. 3. dried mosquito specimens were identified morphologically and each thorax processed using monoclonal antibody against the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum. 4. f ... | 1990 | 2133009 |
| malaria transmission potential of anopheles mosquitoes in the mwea-tebere irrigation scheme, kenya. | 1. anopheles arabiensis patton and an. funestus giles were identified as vectors of plasmodium falciparum malaria in the mwea-tebere irrigation scheme, kenya. an. arabiensis was the only member of the an. gambiae complex identified from chromosome characteristics. other anopheles species found included an. pharoensis theobald, an. rufipes gough and an. coustani laveran. survival rates per gonotrophic cycle for an. arabiensis averaged 0.37 during the short rains (october-november), 0.49 during th ... | 1990 | 2133010 |
| travel-related parasitic infections. | among various kinds of tropical diseases, which tourists to tropical areas may be exposed to and return home infected with, the most important one from the korean view point is malaria. the life cycles of plasmodium falciparum and p. malariae could hardly be established even after importation, however, one cannot completely rule out a possibility of re-establishment of tertian malaria, due to p. vivax, in korea. in view of this possibility, the current malaria situation in countries of western p ... | 1990 | 2133422 |
| [research on malaria vaccine]. | malaria is an important public health problem in developing countries. the production of a good vaccine needs a better knowledge of different mechanisms which control the immune system. results from donors show a higher frequency of antigens hla: a2, b35, cw4, cw6, drw52, dqw1 and dqw3. the lymphoproliferation in vitro of mononuclear cells, t cells and cd4+ and cd8+ subsets t cells with merozoite extracts is not so clear to establish a correlation between hla phenotypes and t cells response. | 1990 | 2135805 |
| [drug resistance of plasmodium falciparum. consequences and future prospects]. | | 1990 | 2137228 |
| [epidemiology of paludism. retrospective study in the paris university hospital from 1976 to 1988]. | | 1990 | 2137236 |
| lack of ir gene control in the immune response to malaria. i. a thymus-independent antibody response to the repetitive surface protein of sporozoites. | the anamnestic antibody response to synthetic peptide antimalarial vaccines is under ir gene control. it has therefore been inferred that the development of antibody responses to the native repetitive ag of malaria parasites also requires linkage of t and b cell epitopes, presentation of ag in the context of mhc class ii components, and cognate t cell help for antibody production. in this study, we sought to test this assumption, by utilizing classical protocols to determine whether the antibody ... | 1990 | 2138652 |
| serious adverse drug reactions to pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine, pyrimethamine-dapsone and to amodiaquine in britain. | all reports of adverse reactions with pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine (fansidar), pyrimethamine-dapsone (maloprim), and amodiaquine spontaneously reported through the uk national post-marketing system were reviewed. retrospective reporting rates of serious reactions associated with these drugs were analysed using prescription data from the department of health, derived from the prescription pricing authority, and relevant pharmaceutical companies. whilst interpretation of these data requires caution, ... | 1990 | 2138674 |
| [clinical and therapeutic approach in plasmodium falciparum malaria in non-immune patients]. | | 1990 | 2139959 |
| [erythrocytes infected by plasmodium falciparum activate human platelets]. | blood platelets are involved in plasmodium falciparum malaria pathology as shown by thrombocytopenia and increased plasma level of two alpha granule proteins: beta thromboglobulin (beta tg) and platelet factor 4 (pf4). in this study we demonstrate that plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes activate directly the secretion of beta tg and pf4 by human platelets. this secretion is related to parasitemia and occurs immediately after contact. treatment of parasited erythrocytes by trypsin and ... | 1990 | 2142012 |
| the pathogenesis of plasmodium falciparum-associated tissue lesions--what role for c3b receptors? | human tissue sections from cerebral and cerebellar cortices, the liver, the stomach pylorus, the kidney and the placenta, were examined for the presence of c3b receptors. this was carried out in order to determine whether these receptors play any role in the pathological effects of malarial infections on these tissues. the sheep erythrocyte/rabbit antibody/complement system was used. c3b receptors were only detected in the kidney glomeruli, but not in the other tissues. it is suggested that duri ... | 1990 | 2142849 |
| secondary structure and immunogenicity of hybrid synthetic peptides derived from two plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens. | multicomponent synthetic vaccines containing both b and t cell epitopes belonging to two different pre-erythrocytic ag of plasmodium falciparum are presented. in a di-component hybrid, a circumsporozoite t cell epitope and a peptide representing a liver stage-specific ag were connected to obtain a reciprocal reinforcement of helical potentials. in a tri-component hybrid, a sequence corresponding to the circumsporozoite repeat tetrapeptide (npna) was tandemly synthesized on the n-terminal end of ... | 1990 | 2143519 |
| [resistance of plasmodium falciparum to mefloquine in sierra leone and kenya]. | | 1990 | 2143829 |