Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| high-level expression of plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1 (ama-1) in pichia pastoris: strong immunogenicity in macaca mulatta immunized with p. vivax ama-1 and adjuvant sbas2. | the apical membrane antigen 1 (ama-1) family is a promising family of malaria blood-stage vaccine candidates that have induced protection in rodent and nonhuman primate models of malaria. correct conformation of the protein appears to be essential for the induction of parasite-inhibitory responses, and these responses appear to be primarily antibody mediated. here we describe for the first time high-level secreted expression (over 50 mg/liter) of the plasmodium vivax ama-1 (pv66/ama-1) ectodomai ... | 1999 | 9864194 |
| baculovirus merozoite surface protein 1 c-terminal recombinant antigens are highly protective in a natural primate model for human plasmodium vivax malaria. | a successful anti-blood stage malaria vaccine trial based on a leading vaccine candidate, the major merozoite surface antigen-1 (msp1), is reported here. the trial was based on plasmodium cynomolgi, which is a primate malaria parasite which is highly analogous to the human parasite plasmodium vivax, in its natural host, the toque monkey, macaca sinica. two recombinant baculovirus-expressed p. cynomolgi msp1 proteins, which are analogous to the 42- and 19-kda c-terminal fragments of p. falciparum ... | 1998 | 9529073 |
| phage-displayed mimotopes elicit monoclonal antibodies specific for a malaria vaccine candidate. | the phage-displayed peptide cgrvclrc (c15) has been isolated from a random library by affinity screening with the d14-3 monoclonal antibody, which was raised to the 42 kda c-terminal fragment of the major merozoite surface protein 1 of plasmodium vivax (pv42). in order to investigate the use of such mimotopes as possible vaccine components, we studied the antibody response in biozzi mice immunized with c15. high titers of antibodies cross-reacting with pv42 were generated and the ic50 of all imm ... | 1998 | 9504719 |
| plasmodium inui is not closely related to other quartan plasmodium species. | plasmodium inui (halberstaedter and von prowazek, 1907), a malarial parasite of old world monkeys that occurs in isolated pockets throughout the celebes, indonesia, malaysia, and the philippines, has traditionally been considered to be related more closely to plasmodium malariae of humans (and its primate counterpart plasmodium brasilianum), than to other primate plasmodium species. this inference was made in part because of the similarities in the periodicities or duration of the asexual cycle ... | 1998 | 9576499 |
| a genetic study of a melanization response to sephadex beads in plasmodium-refractory and -susceptible strains of anopheles gambiae. | a previously selected plasmodium-refractory strain of anopheles gambiae melanotically encapsulates many species of plasmodium. genetic studies of this strain have shown that this refractory phenotype is controlled by a limited number of genes, and the existence of two such genes, pif-b and pif-c, has been demonstrated. further work to determine the molecular basis for this mode of refractoriness led to the discovery that the host-parasite interaction is mimicked by the mosquito's response to car ... | 1997 | 9158056 |
| sterile protection of monkeys against malaria after administration of interleukin-12. | an estimated 300-500 million new infections and 1.5-2.7 million deaths attributed to malaria occur annually in the developing world, and every year tens of millions of travelers from countries where malaria is not transmitted visit countries with malaria. because the parasites that cause malaria have developed resistance to many antimalarial drugs, new methods for prevention are required. intraperitoneal injection into mice of one dose of 150 ng (approximately 7.5 micrograms per kg body weight) ... | 1997 | 8986746 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a gene encoding an erythrocyte binding protein from plasmodium cynomolgi. | 1997 | 9364974 | |
| characterization of c-terminal merozoite surface protein-1 baculovirus recombinant proteins from plasmodium vivax and plasmodium cynomolgi as recognized by the natural anti-parasite immune response. | 1997 | 9364976 | |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (trap) gene of plasmodium cynomolgi bastianelli. | 1997 | 9497063 | |
| quantitative trait loci for refractoriness of anopheles gambiae to plasmodium cynomolgi b. | the severity of the malaria pandemic in the tropics is aggravated by the ongoing spread of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs and mosquito resistance to insecticides. a strain of anopheles gambiae, normally a major vector for human malaria in africa, can encapsulate and kill the malaria parasites within a melanin-rich capsule in the mosquito midgut. genetic mapping revealed one major and two minor quantitative trait loci (qtls) for this encapsulation reaction. understanding such antiparas ... | 1997 | 9103203 |
| in-vitro cultivation of exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium cynomolgi in hepatocytes of macaca radiata. | hepatocytes from bonet monkey (macaca radiata) obtained by perfusion of a liver biopsy were infected in-vitro with plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii sporozoites raised in anopheles stephensi. the development of exoerythrocytic (ee) stages was seen under phase contrast microscope and by giemsa staining. multinucleated ee-stages were seen in the cultured hepatocytes on day 7-8 post-sporozoite inoculation. | 1996 | 8952170 |
| sodium beta-artelinate--a new potential gametocytocide. | the water-soluble artemisinin analogue sodium beta-artelinate, a fast-acting blood schizontocide, was evaluated for gametocytocidal action against simian malaria plasmodium cynomolgi b, and a single dose of the compound has been found to be an effective gametocytocide by both oral and intravenous routes. the compound was able to sterilize the circulating gametocytes in rhesus monkey, resulting in loss of mosquito infectivity and oocyst development in the anopheles stephensi. however, no sporonto ... | 1996 | 8631376 |
| poly iclc inhibits plasmodium cynomolgi b malaria infection in rhesus monkeys. | prophylatic treatment with a single dose of 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg (body weight) of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with polylysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly iclc), a potent interferon (ifn) inducer and immune enhancer, 18 h before intravenous inoculation of sporozoites (1.04 x 10(5)-0.70 x 10(6) sporozoites) of plasmodium cynomolgi b in the rhesus monkey, completely abolished the infectivity of sporozoites. the inhibitory effect of poly iclc is dose dependent in monkeys infected wit ... | 1996 | 8640451 |
| histochemical changes in host tissues from plasmodium cynomolgi b infected rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | plasmodium cynomolgi b has been used to infect the rhesus monkey to study the histochemical changes (lipid infiltration, glycogen, protein, dna and rna) in liver, kidney and spleen during early (exoerythrocytic) and late (chronic) stages of malarial infection. infected liver showed significant lipid infiltration during exoerythrocytic and erythrocytic (acute phase) stage of infection. kidney showed lipid deposition during acute phase of infection while spleen sections were negative for lipid dep ... | 1996 | 8641716 |
| gametocytocidal activity of alpha/beta arteether by the oral route of administration. | arteether (alpha/beta) (a mixture of alpha and beta enantioners) has been reported to possess gametocytocidal activity against plasmodium cynomolgi b when the drug is given by the intramuscular route, but it would be preferable to use oral route therapy for gametocyte carriers. this is a report of a study of the gametocytocidal action of arteether administered by the oral route. the results indicate high levels of activity at 10 mg/kg in a single dose or in two divided doses when given orally. | 1996 | 8686787 |
| a shared genetic mechanism for melanotic encapsulation of cm-sephadex beads and a malaria parasite, plasmodium cynomolgi b, in the mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | a plasmodium-refractory strain of anopheles gambiae that melanizes ookinetes and intrathoracically inoculated cm-sephadex beads was mated to a plasmodium-susceptible strain that does not melanize the parasite or the beads. the f1 progeny were then backcrossed to the susceptible strain. backcross progeny were given a blood meal containing infective plasmodium cynomolgi b, and the parasites were allowed to develop for 6-7 days, at which time the infected mosquitoes were injected with cm-sephadex b ... | 1996 | 8948327 |
| use of the rhesus monkey as an experimental model to test the degree of efficacy of an anti-sporozoite peptide malaria vaccine candidate combined with copolymer-based adjuvants. | humoral response against sporozoites is not effective in protecting individuals from getting malaria. reduction in the infectivity of sporozoites has not been quantified for most anti-sporozoite vaccines tested. quantification requires animal models providing predictable prepatent periods, e.g., time elapsed between sporozoite inoculation and detection of parasitemia, to be used as an indicator of activity against sporozoites. a delay in prepatent period from vaccinated animals would therefore r ... | 1995 | 7741171 |
| the plasmodium cynomolgi merozoite surface protein 1 c-terminal sequence and its homologies with other plasmodium species. | 1995 | 8719250 | |
| sequence analysis of apical membrane antigen 1 (ama-1) of plasmodium cynomolgi bastianelli. | 1995 | 8577338 | |
| removal of leucocytes from plasmodium vivax-infected blood. | 1994 | 8067817 | |
| [progress on the study of the distribution of plasmodium cynomolgi in the world]. | 1994 | 8082460 | |
| the small ribosomal subunit rna isoforms in plasmodium cynomolgi. | we report the isolation, characterization and analysis of the small subunit rrna genes in plasmodium cynomolgi (ceylon). as in other plasmodium species, these genes are present in low copy number, are unlinked and form two types that are distinct in sequence and are expressed stage specifically. the asexually expressed (type a) genes are present in four copies in the ceylon- and in five copies in the berok-strain. surprisingly, the sexually expressed (type b) gene is present in a single copy. th ... | 1994 | 8005440 |
| immunologic characterization of plasmodium vivax antigens using plasmodium cynomolgi liver stage-primed immune sera. | we have shown in a previous study that immunization of a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) with inactivated liver stages of the simian malaria parasite plasmodium cynomolgi (b strain) produced high antibody titers against sporozoites, liver stages, and blood stages of p. cynomolgi. in the present study, we demonstrate that these anti-p. cynomolgi immune sera recognized p. vivax (salvador i) antigens. in an indirect immunofluorescence assay, both postimmunization and postchallenge sera reacted with ... | 1994 | 7943558 |
| evaluation of wr250417 (a proguanil analog) for causal prophylactic activity in the plasmodium cynomolgi-macaca mulatta model. | the plasmodium cynomolgi-macaca mulatta model has been used to test the antimalarial activity of new drugs for both radical cure and casual prophylaxis. the proguanil analog wr250417 (also known as ps-15) was evaluated for causal prophylactic activity in rhesus monkeys infected with p. cynomolgi bastianelli. four monkeys were orally dosed with 40 mg/kg/day of wr250417 over three days (-1, 0, and +1). sporozoite-induced infection of p. cynomolgi was initiated on day 0 with 1 x 10(6) sporozoites t ... | 1994 | 8116810 |
| role of fatty infiltration during malaria in rhesus monkey. | p. cynomolgi b-rhesus monkey model of malarial infection has been used to study lipid infiltration in host tissues in early (exoerythrocytic) and late (chronic) stages of malaria infection. histochemically we could demonstrate significant infiltration of neutral & total lipids in liver during the exoerythrocytic stage and in liver and kidney in the erythrocytic stage. the parasite used in the study closely resembles the human parasite p. vivax. it has a defined prepatent period, can be cyclicall ... | 1994 | 8196503 |
| proguanil plus sulfamethoxazole is not causally prophylactic in the macaca mulatta--plasmodium cynomolgi model. | new drugs for causal prophylaxis of malaria are needed. a proguanil/sulfamethoxazole combination was investigated using a rhesus monkey model (macaca mulatta infected with plasmodium cynomolgi) to determine whether causal prophylaxis could be achieved. when a five-day regimen of proguanil (40 mg/kg/day) combined with sulfamethoxazole (100 mg/kg/day) was used, infection of all animals (6 of 6) was observed, with an extended prepatent period (median 40 days). two control animals became infected on ... | 1994 | 8203715 |
| hydrolytic enzymes of rhesus placenta during plasmodium cynomolgi infection: ultrastructural and biochemical studies. | placenta in monkey demonstrated altered pathophysiology after p cynomolgi infection. the electronmicroscopic observations showed slight complete focal necrosis of the placental tissue, besides alterations in total protein, phosphatases and proteinases. these changes in cellular constituents of placenta during malaria infection may be responsible for malfunctioning of the organ and in turn, abnormal development of foetus. | 1993 | 8500817 |
| causal prophylactic and radical curative activity of wr182393 (a guanylhydrazone) against plasmodium cynomolgi in macaca mulatta. | primaquine is the only currently available drug effective against persistent tissue stages of relapsing malaria in humans. causal prophylactic and radical curative properties of wr182393 (a guanylhydrazone) were investigated as part of an effort to evaluate alternatives to primaquine in the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta)/plasmodium cynomolgi test model. the drug was suspended in dimethylsulfoxide for intramuscular (im) injection. a pilot study indicated causal prophylactic activity in a regimen ... | 1993 | 8214277 |
| association of two esterase genes, a chromosomal inversion, and susceptibility to plasmodium cynomolgi in the african malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the ability of a selected strain of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae to encapsulate the early oocysts of the malaria parasite plasmodium cynomolgi b has previously been shown to be genetically linked to specific esterase phenotypes. this association between plasmodium susceptibility and esterase phenotype is found in the an. gambiae g3 strain from which the plasmodium-refractory and -susceptible mosquito strains were derived. genetic crosses had suggested that the esterase phenotypes reflect ... | 1993 | 8372956 |
| [studies on residual antimalarial activity of tripynadine in mice and monkeys]. | this paper reports the experiments in which tripynadine free base at a dose 4.5 times that of ed50 was given to mice by intragastric administration. on the 20th day following the administration the mice were inoculated with 1 x 10(7) rbc infected with plasmodium berghei anka strain. the infection rate was zero, implying that all mice had acquired protection. although the residual activity time of tripynadine phosphate was longer than that of tripynadine free base or piperaquine phosphate, but tr ... | 1993 | 8168241 |
| [studies on the establishment of malarial animal model of short-term relapse. iii. combined therapy with pyronaridine-artemether-chloroquine for parasitemia clearance]. | to establish a plasmodium cynomolgi-monkey model of short-term relapse, different antimalarials have been used to inhibit recrudescence so as to elude the confusion between the two different onsets. when a single dose of effective schizonticides pyronaridine, artemether or chloroquine was administered, recrudesence readily occurred. this paper reports the results of the combined therapy with the above three drugs. seven rhesus monkeys from guangxi autonomous region infected with plasmodium cynom ... | 1993 | 8168239 |
| [studies on the establishment of malarial animal model of short-term relapse. iv. short-term relapse in rhesus monkeys infected with sporozoites of plasmodium cynomolgi]. | the present paper reports that the short-term relapse could be artificially made by the application of the experimental method, and thus we established the monkey model of the short-term relapse. according to the experimental design, when the parasitemia was detected in rhesus monkeys infected with sporozoites of plasmodium cynomolgi, a combined therapy of pyronaridine 6 mg/kg body weight, artemether 10 mg/kg and chloroquine 20 mg/kg once daily for 3 days was carried out to clear the erythrocyti ... | 1993 | 8082260 |
| evolutionary relatedness of some primate models of plasmodium. | primate--and, specifically, monkey--malaria infections are commonly used for understanding the pathology of and immune response to the human disease because they are thought to resemble most closely the host-parasite relationship found in humans. plasmodium cynomolgi is used extensively as a model for the human parasite, p. vivax, and p. knowlesi is used primarily as a model for the development of erythrocytic-stage vaccines. both of these simian parasites can naturally infect man, resulting in ... | 1993 | 7689135 |
| [studies on the establishment of malarial animal model of short-term relapse. i. asynchronous growth of exoerythrocytic schizonts of plasmodium cynomolgi]. | a monkey was infected with sporozoites of plasmodium cynomolgi from vietnam. parasitemia was detected on the 8th day with a starting density of 17/100 white blood cells. 22 hours after that time, many ee schizonts appeared with an average density of 3.74 +/- 0.66 per mm3 hepatic tissue in liver biopsy specimens from the monkey. most of the ee schizonts were immature and grew at an uneven rate, having an average diameter of 34.22 +/- 7.28 microns but some of them even remained 15.75 +/- 2.47 micr ... | 1992 | 1307269 |
| plasmodium cynomolgi: the hsp 70 gene. | the hsp 70 gene of plasmodium cynomolgi was isolated and characterized. as expected the gene is highly similar to that of the hsp 70 gene of plasmodium falciparum (98% at the protein level, 82% at the nucleotide level). surprisingly, the hsp 70 gene appears to be present in a single copy in all the p. cynomolgi strains tested, a finding that has implications for the parasite's ability to undergo a heat shock response. | 1992 | 1426134 |
| malaria: from quinine to the vaccine. | 1992 | 1541651 | |
| differential sensitivity of the pre-erythrocytic stages of plasmodium cynomolgi b to the prophylactic action of primaquine. | the sensitivity of the developing pre-erythrocytic stages of plasmodium cynomolgi bastianelli to primaquine in single, two or three dose regimens administered at varying times during the incubation period has been investigated. the study reveals that the early pre-erythrocytic stages of the parasite are more susceptible to primaquine than the later stages. regimens of 5.34 mg/kg x 1 dose on day 0 or day + 1; 2.67 mg/kg x 2 doses on days 0 and 1 and 1.78 mg/kg x 3 doses on days -1, 0, + 1 or days ... | 1992 | 1598515 |
| effect of adjuvant formulations on the selection of b-cell epitopes expressed by a malaria peptide vaccine. | because subunit vaccines may create artificial epitopes, the goal of this study was to concentrate the immune response toward protective epitopes contained in a peptide, [(nagg)5]y. this peptide consisted of five repeat sequences of the immunodominant epitope of the circumsporozoite protein of the simian malaria parasite plasmodium cynomolgi and a terminal tyrosine. it was conjugated to bovine serum albumin and mixed with various adjuvant formulations, including block copolymers l121, l141, l180 ... | 1992 | 1377851 |
| comparative evaluation of the colony-stimulating factors induction potential of plasmodium cynomolgi-infected monkey erythrocytes and soluble antigens. | plasmodium cynomolgi total antigens soluble in culture medium (p.c.sa), and noninfective p. cynomolgi-infected monkey erythrocytes (p.c.ie) were compared for their potential to induce colony-stimulating factors (csfs). when injected intravenously in monkeys, both preparations induced an increase in the serum csfs levels; p.c.ie appeared to be 1.6-fold more potent than the p.c.sa. in vitro p.c.ie induced 1.8-fold more csf by monkey blood monocyte-derived macrophages than p.c. however, both in viv ... | 1992 | 1359752 |
| a method for screening drugs against the liver stages of malaria using plasmodium gallinaceum and aedes mosquitos. | 1. the radical cure of human malaria caused by plasmodium vivax requires two drugs, i.e., a blood schizontocide such as chloroquine to clear the circulating parasites, and primaquine aimed at the liver stages (hyponozoites) responsible for the late relapses of this parasite. primaquine is unique as a radical curative drug but is highly toxic. the only useful model currently available for screening drugs to replace primaquine is plasmodium cynomolgi-induced malaria in rhesus monkeys. because of t ... | 1992 | 1341921 |
| [studies on the establishment of malarial animal model of short-term relapse. ii. the phenomenon of sustained special ring form parasitemia in plasmodium cynomolgi infection]. | our previous report that the ee merozites of plasmodium cynomolgi from vietnam continuously released from the liver to the blood circulation was further demonstrated in this report. monkeys were given pyronaridine 24 mg/kg.d x 6 after being inoculated intravenously with 32 x 10(5) sporzoites of p. cynomolgi. thick blood film examination was conducted two times daily till the day when trophozoites were detected. under the residual action of blood schizontocied, a special ring form parasitemia at ... | 1992 | 1303329 |
| [effects of dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide on development of exo-erythrocytic form of plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii in rhesus monkey]. | the rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) challenged with plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii sporozoites were treated with im dexamethasone (dex) 1 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 7 d and cyclophosphamide (cyc) 25 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 3d, respectively. on d 7 after challenge, serial sections of liver biopsy stained with he revealed that the distributive density and size of exo-erythrocytic (ee) form of the parasites showed no difference between medicated and control monkeys. the prepatent period of the primary attack and the r ... | 1992 | 1300058 |
| two-site pan-species monoclonal antibody elisa for detection of blood stage malaria antigen. | a two-site pan-species monoclonal antibody sandwich elisa (mab-mab elisa) was developed to detect both plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum antigens in whole blood impregnated on filter paper. in this assay, the plates were coated with pan-species mab 3f9 and another pan-species mab m26-32 conjugated with alkaline phosphatase was used for detection of bound antigen. the sensitivity of this assay was 5, 10 and 10 parasites per 10(6) erythrocytes for cultured p. falciparum, patient-derived p. vivax ... | 1992 | 1298083 |
| detection of circulating plasmodial antigens in human sera by sandwich elisa with monoclonal antibodies. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), one produced against plasmodium falciparum (pf-ig8) and the other against p. cynomolgi (pc-ie12) schizont antigens were used in a sandwich elisa for the detection of circulating plasmodial antigens in sera of patients infected with either p. falciparum, p. vivax or p. malariae. the mean +/- sd optical density (od) values for the normal control group using pf-108 and pc-1e12 were 0.351 +/- 0.036 and 0.205 +/- 0.044, respectively. mean od values for the three infe ... | 1992 | 1298082 |
| circumsporozoite protein genes of malaria parasites (plasmodium spp.): evidence for positive selection on immunogenic regions. | the circumsporozoite (cs) protein is a cell surface protein of the sporozoite, the stage of the life cycle of malaria parasites (plasmodium spp.) that infects the vertebrate host. analysis of dna sequences supports the hypothesis that in plasmodium falciparum, positive darwinian selection favors diversity in the t-cell epitopes (peptides presented to t cells by host mhc molecules) of the cs protein. in gene regions encoding t cell epitopes of p. falciparum, the rate of nonsynonymous nucleotide s ... | 1991 | 1706291 |
| comparative susceptibility of southeast asian anopheles mosquitoes to the simian malaria parasite plasmodium cynomolgi. | seven anopheles species/isolates were compared with anopheles dirus (control) for susceptibility to plasmodium cynomolgi b strain. the mean numbers of oocysts in paired replicates of an. dirus and an. takasagoensis were not significantly different. the remaining test species had significantly fewer mean numbers of oocysts than anopheles dirus (p less than 0.01). anopheles dirus had the highest percentage of mosquitoes infected with p. cynomolgi sporozoites (82%). of the test groups, anopheles di ... | 1991 | 1791460 |
| minisatellite-like repeat sequences in the genome of rodent malaria parasites. | using minisatellite dna probes and various southern blots containing dna samples from rodent malaria parasites it was shown that minisatellite-like sequences occur in the genome of these plasmodium species. in contrast to the high copy number as observed in higher eukaryotes, the use of fingerprinting techniques on dna from these parasites reveals that minisatellite sequences are only present at a small number of loci. when parasite lines which differ in biological parameters are compared, no fr ... | 1991 | 1820717 |
| evaluation of ayush-64 for blood schizontocidal activity against rodent and simian malaria parasites. | ayush-64, a new herbal antimalarial drug developed by the central council for ayurveda and siddha, was evaluated for direct parasiticidal action against p. berghei and p. yoelii nigeriensis in swiss mice and p. cynomolgi b and p. knowlesi in rhesus monkeys. no blood schizontocidal activity could be demonstrated against any of the four malaria parasites. | 1991 | 1824361 |
| induction of colony-stimulating factors by plasmodium cynomolgi components. | plasmodium cynomolgi total parasite antigens soluble in culture medium (p.c.sa), when injected in monkeys (macaca mulatta) intravenously, induced the synthesis and secretion of serum colony-stimulating factors (csfs). in vitro cultured monkey splenic macrophages and blood monocytes, following incubation with p.c.sa, also elaborated csfs: the splenic macrophages responded more. peak csfs levels, both in vivo and in vitro, were attained after 8 hours of p.c.sa stimulation, and thereafter declined ... | 1991 | 1897383 |
| enkephalins-modulation of plasmodium cynomolgi antigens-induced colony-stimulating factors elaboration by macrophages. | methionine-enkephalin (m-enk) and its analogue compound 82/205 (10(-5) and 10(-6) m) inhibited elaboration of plasmodium cynomolgi total antigens soluble in culture medium (p.c.sa)-induced colony-stimulating factors (csfs) by monkey blood monocyte-derived macrophages, in vitro. paradoxically, lower concentrations (10(-7)-10(-9) m) of both the peptides greatly augmented csfs elaboration; 82/205 appeared to be nearly 2.3-fold more potent. naloxone (10(-5) m) pretreatment of macrophages inhibited o ... | 1991 | 1803861 |
| immune responses against sexual stages of plasmodium vivax during human malarial infections in sri lanka. | during natural infections of p. vivax malaria a variety of immune responses to the infection affect infectivity of the parasites to mosquitoes. sexual stage antigens present in the blood stage parasites induce antibodies which may either enhance or suppress the infectivity of the sexual parasites to mosquitoes. subsequent infections of p. vivax do not, unless occurring within less than 4 months, boost this response indicating a very short immune memory for the relevant antigens. blood infection ... | 1991 | 1688139 |
| the number of sporozoites produced by individual malaria oocysts. | mature oocysts of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax from western thailand were separated from the midguts of anopheles dirus by collagenase digestion, and the number of sporozoites contained in each was counted. for 26 p. vivax oocysts, the mean count was 3, 688 (range 1, 954-5, 577) and for 14 p. falciparum, the mean count was 3, 385 (range 1, 359-4, 554); a single p. cynomolgi oocyst contained 7, 521. counts were not significantly correlated with oocyst density, oocyst age, or identity of the ... | 1991 | 1951866 |
| [preliminary studies on the diagnosis of plasmodium falciparum malaria by monoclonal antibody sandwich dot-immunogold silver staining assay]. | in this report, the blood samples from 30 falciparum malaria patients with parasitemia 0.015-0.58% and the blood samples from 30 healthy persons were examined by monoclonal antibody (mcab) sandwich dot-immunogold silver staining assay (dot-igssa). when the mcab 11g5, 13a2 and 13a1 were used for sandwich dot-igssa with mcab 14d9 labeled with colloidal gold respectively, the 0.0001% of parasitemia could be detected and the mcab 11g5, 13a1 and 14d9 labeled with colloidal gold could also be used to ... | 1991 | 1959167 |
| use of a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) as a genetic marker in crosses of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae): independent assortment of a diphenol oxidase rflp and an esterase locus. | analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) is a powerful tool for analyzing linkage relationships in species where few genetic markers have been described and where conduct of crosses is difficult. it also permits integration of genetic and physical (cytogenetic) data when the probes have been mapped by in situ hybridization. to illustrate the utility of the method, and because some mutations of a diphenol oxidase gene might conceivably produce the malaria refractoriness phenoty ... | 1991 | 1674545 |
| plasmodium cynomolgi: immunization of a rhesus monkey with exoerythrocytic stages cultured in autologous hepatocytes. | to investigate the immune response to exoerythrocytic stages of malaria parasites, a rhesus monkey was immunized with autologous primary hepatocyte cultures infected with 7-day-old liver stage parasites of plasmodium cynomolgi. a primary antibody response against ee stage antigens was obtained, and boosted after injection of homologous viable sporozoites. antibodies directed against sporozoites and blood stages were also detected. the polyvalent immune response observed demonstrates the antigeni ... | 1991 | 1993467 |
| cytokines kill malaria parasites during infection crisis: extracellular complementary factors are essential. | malaria infection crisis, at which the parasitemia drops precipitously and the parasite loses infectivity to the mosquito vector, occurs in many natural malaria systems, and has not been explained. we demonstrate that in a simian malaria parasite (plasmodium cynomolgi in its natural host, the toque monkey), the loss of infectivity during crisis is due to the death of circulating intraerythrocytic gametocytes mediated by crisis serum. these parasite-killing effects in crisis serum are due to the ... | 1991 | 1900073 |
| murine igg isotype responses to the plasmodium cynomolgi circumsporozoite peptide (nagg)5. i. effects of carrier, copolymer adjuvants, and lipopolysaccharide on isotype selection. | the tandem repeat peptide of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium cynomolgi, (nagg)5, conjugated to bsa or salmonella flagella, was injected into mice with block copolymer and other adjuvants. the flagella carrier preferentially stimulated igg2a antibodies to (nagg)5 that constituted as much as 85% of the total igg antibody whereas the bsa carrier stimulated as much as 98% igg1. the distribution of isotypes of antibody to (nagg)5 was also modified by using the copolymer adjuvants l121 or l ... | 1991 | 2026882 |
| comparison of antimalarial efficacy of alpha, beta, and alpha/beta arteether against plasmodium cynomolgi b infection in monkeys. | the blood schizontocidal activity of alpha and beta arteether has been compared with that of alpha/beta arteether (a 30:70 mixture of alpha and beta isomers), which is a fast-acting blood schizontocide undergoing phase i clinical trials at the central drug research institute. both beta and alpha/beta arteether have comparable activity and are curative at a dose of 5 mg/kg for 3 days against blood-induced plasmodium cynomolgi b infection in the rhesus monkey; alpha arteether alone is slightly les ... | 1991 | 2063959 |
| tissue schizontocidal effect of trifluoroacetyl primaquine in plasmodium yoelii infected mice and plasmodium cynomolgi infected monkeys. | trifluoroacetyl primaquine oxalate (m8506) was compared with primaquine phosphate for tissue schizontocidal action in rodent and simian malaria. in plasmodium yoelii sporozoites infected mice, the causal prophylactic effects of m8506 at 5, 10 and 20 mg(base)/kg were 56.7%, 87.2% and 100%, respectively, comparable to those of primaquine (54.4%, 90.8% and 100%). in p. cynomolgi sporozoites infected rhesus monkeys 4 dosage regimens of the two agents were compared for radical curative effect. on the ... | 1991 | 1948265 |
| an ultrastructural study of the exoerythrocytic schizonts of plasmodium cynomolgi and p. knowlesi in macaca mulatta. | exoerythrocytic schizonts of plasmodium cynomolgi and p. knowlesi were examined by electron microscopy in biopsy samples of primate livers. with maturity the parasitophorous vacuole membrane becomes highly sculptured by the addition of a discontinuous dense thickening, the distribution of which can be a distinguishing character between these two species. the parasitophorous vacuole membrane follows the contours of the parasite faithfully with a minimal surrounding vacuole. the marked destruction ... | 1990 | 1967505 |
| anti-parasite effects of cytokines in malaria. | cytokines induced during natural malaria infections, e.g., at crisis of a blood infection of plasmodium cynomolgi, and during clinical paroxysms in human plasmodium vivax infections, mediate killing of intra-erythrocytic blood stage malaria parasites. these cytokines, tnf and ifn-gamma, require additional, yet unidentified complementary factors that are present in "crisis" and "paroxysm" serum to kill intra-erythrocytic blood stage parasites. in contrast, cytokines, (mainly ifn-gamma) are able t ... | 1990 | 2126526 |
| effects of interferon in malaria infection. | earlier, we reported that prophylactic treatment with human interferon gamma (rhuifn-gamma) protected monkeys against plasmodium cynomolgi b malaria infection. we have tested the efficacy of rhuifn-gamma on relapsing stage of experimental p. cynomolgi b malaria infection in rhesus monkeys. no effect of rhuifn-gamma was seen against experimental relapsing stage compared with controls; however, it appears that chloroquine (chl) may have interfered with the antimalarial effect of ifn, since treatme ... | 1990 | 2126528 |
| use of non-human primate hepatocytes for in vitro study of the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites. | methods were developed that allow invasion of sporozoites from simian malaria parasite species (plasmodium cynomolgi, p. knowlesi, p. coatneyi, p. inui, p. gonderi, p. fragile) and development to schizont stages in rhesus and saimiri monkey hepatocytes. the p. cynomolgi-rhesus monkey model was used to study inhibition of schizont development using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced against the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of various strains and species of malaria parasites. immunoelectron mi ... | 1990 | 2094593 |
| quinoline esters as potential antimalarial drugs: effect on relapses of plasmodium cynomolgi infections in monkeys. | two compounds of the quinoline ester series, wr 197236 (6-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-7-beta-phenoxyethoxyquinoline ) and wr 194905 (4-acetoxy-6-decyloxy-7-isopropoxy-3-methoxycarbonylquinoline++ +), exhibit anti-relapse activity against sporozoite-induced plasmodium cynomolgi b infections in rhesus monkeys. both the compounds have been found to be curative when given intramuscularly in 7 daily doses of 15 mg/kg, and no relapses were observed during the observation period of 120 d. | 1990 | 2096498 |
| [analysis of amino acids in hemolymph and acid hydrolysates of midguts of anopheles dirus infected with plasmodium cynomolgi]. | quantitative determinations of free amino acids in hemolymph and acid hydrolysates of midguts of female anopheles dirus infected with plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii were carried out and the results were compared with those of noninfected mosquitoes. on day 10 after infected blood meal, the contents of methionine, isoleucine, leucine, ornithine, lysine in the hemolymph of infected mosquitoes markedly decreased as compared with those in the controls. however, the quantitative analysis of the am ... | 1990 | 2099259 |
| [effect of artesunate transdermal preparation on plasmodium cynomolgi]. | artensunate transdermal preparation at 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg, bid, for 3 days applied locally on the shaved skin of the back of monkeys showed reliable therapeutic effects on plasmodium cynomolgi, but recrudescence of the parasites was not controlled. if some azone was added in the artesunate transdermal preparation at the dosage of 5 mg/kg, bid, for 3 days, the parasitemia of plasmodium cynomolgi could be cleared and recrudescence prevented, thus, the antimalarial effects was enhanced. | 1990 | 2239338 |
| study of the gametocytocidal/sporontocidal action of qinghaosu (artemisinin) by electron microscopy. | the gametocytocidal efficacy of artemisinin (qinghaosu) was evaluated and scanning electron microscopical evidence is given for gametocytocidal action of a single 5-10-mg/kg dose of artemisinin against simian malarial parasite (plasmodium cynomolgi b). no sporontocidal effect of artemisinin was observed. | 1990 | 2254819 |
| natural killer activity against human k562 tumour cells during plasmodium cynomolgi malarial infection of rhesus monkeys. | this study assessed the natural killer (nk) cell activity profile during plasmodium cynomolgi infection in rhesus monkeys. there was a significant decrease in the nk cell activity in the peripheral blood leukocytes of infected monkeys during the early, ascending phase of infection. however, as the parasite load decreased, nk cell activity returned to normal levels. this could be correlated with the peak increase in lymphocyte counts. this indicated that a decrease in nk cell activity observed at ... | 1990 | 2257166 |
| gametocytocidal activity of the antimalarial alpha/beta arteether against plasmodium cynomolgi b. | a new sesquiterpene lactone alpha/beta arteether (a 30:70 mixture of enantiomers), which possesses very high blood schizontocidal activity, has been evaluated for gametocytocidal/sporontocidal action against plasmodium cynomolgi b infection in the rhesus monkey. this paper reports gametocytocidal action of this new antimalarial drug at 2.5-5 mg/kg (single im dose) against p. cynomologi b as shown by the complete absence of mosquito infectivity. no sporontocidal action was demonstrable in the vec ... | 1990 | 2267960 |
| causal prophylactic activity of a new 8-aminoquinoline derivative against plasmodium cynomolgi b in rhesus monkeys. | a new 8-aminoquinoline derivative, n1-(3-acetyl-4-5-dihydro-2 furanyl)-n4-(6-methoxy-8-quinolinyl)1,4-pentanediamine, synthesized at cdri, lucknow, showed causal prophylactic activity at 3.16 mg/kg x 3 doses (on day -1, 0 and +1) against sporozoite induced p. cynomolgi b infection in rhesus monkeys. single dose of 10 mg/kg of this compound on day 0 also prevented establishment of patient infection. activity of the compound was comparable to that of primaquine (with causal prophylactic activity a ... | 1990 | 2397941 |
| the role of cytokines in malaria infection. | we have tested the prophylactic effect of escherichia coli-derived recombinant human interferon gamma (rhuifn-(gamma] against sporozoite- or trophozoite-induced plasmodium cynomolgi b malaria infection in rhesus monkeys. data show that treatment with only five doses of rhuifn-(gamma) (0.1 mg/kg body weight) given on days -2, 0, and +2 after infection protected the monkeys against sporozoite-induced p. cynomolgi infection. animals initially protected by rhuifn-(gamma) treatment remained susceptib ... | 1990 | 2128826 |
| homologous sequences in plasmodium cynomolgi and the gene of the histidine-rich knob protein of plasmodium falciparum. | 1990 | 2183051 | |
| plasmodium cynomolgi: serum-mediated blocking and enhancement of infectivity to mosquitoes during infections in the natural host, macaca sinica. | the infectivity of plasmodium cynomolgi in its natural host, the toque monkey, macaca sinica, to anopheles tessellatus mosquitoes was studied in relation to the evolution of anti-sexual-stage immunity in the host during the course of a blood-induced infection. the effects of serum on the infectivity of gametocytes and the intrinsic infectivity of gametocytes to mosquitoes on each day were assessed in membrane feeding experiments. mosquitoes were also directly fed on the animal on each day. our r ... | 1990 | 2209788 |
| pattern of relapses in sporozoite induced plasmodium cynomolgi b infection in rhesus monkeys. | the pattern of sequential relapses in 10 rhesus monkeys following inoculation of sporozoites of plasmodium cynomolgi b has been studied after administering curative dose of chloroquine (5 mg/kg base x 7 days) to eliminate blood parasitaemia after each relapse. observation for periods ranging from 109 to 245 days showed that the interval between first six relapses was 19.3 +/- 6.77 days (1st relapse), 20.9 +/- 8.43 days (2nd relapse), 22.8 +/- 8.55 days (3rd relapse), 27.8 +/- 10.0 days (4th rela ... | 1990 | 2098417 |
| plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis circumsporozoite gene structure and its implications for the evolution of the repeat regions. | the circumsporozoite (cs) gene encodes the most immunogenic component of the plasmodial sporozoites. the immunodominant epitope-encoding domain of the cs gene shows sequences that are repeated in tandem. a detailed analysis of the cs repeats of certain closely related malaria parasites (strains of plasmodium cynomolgi, plasmodium knowlesi, and plasmodium vivax) showed that they evolve rapidly yet are well conserved within the gene. we were interested in studying whether the cs repeats of plasmod ... | 1990 | 2290446 |
| radical curative activity of a new 8-aminoquinoline derivative (cdri 80/53) against plasmodium cynomolgi b in monkeys. | an analogue of primaquine, n1-(3-acetyl-4-5-dihydro-2-furanyl)-n4-(6-methoxy-8-quinolinyl) 1,4-pentanediamine, cdri code 80/53), has been evaluated for anti-relapse activity against sporozoite induced plasmodium cynomolgi b infection in rhesus monkeys. the compound has shown 100% curative anti-relapse activity at 1.25 mg/kg x 7 day dose schedule, thereby giving a primaquine index of 0.8. the compound is currently under phase-i clinical trials. | 1989 | 2641640 |
| infectivity studies on anopheles stephensi using plasmodium cynomolgi b infection in rhesus monkeys. | the characteristics of primary and secondary asexual peak parasitaemia during sporozoite induced plasmodium cynomolgi b infections in 40 rhesus monkeys have been studied. colony bred anopheles stephensi were fed on different days on the gametocyte carrying monkeys and the infectivity of mosquitoes as determined by oocyst count on day 8 post-feeding was recorded. following the day of sporozoite inoculation, the mean prepatent period was 8.58 +/- 0.87 days. the primary asexual peak was attained on ... | 1989 | 2623421 |
| localization of circumsporozoite antigen in exoerythrocytic schizonts of plasmodium cynomolgi. | we used colloidal gold probes and post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy to localize circumsporozoite (cs) antigen in 5- and 8-day-old in vitro cultures of plasmodium cynomolgi exoerythrocytic (ee) schizonts. both small uninucleated and large multinucleated ee schizonts were found in 5-day-old cultures. a mouse monoclonal antibody to the repeat region of the p. cynomolgi cs protein densely labeled the plasma membrane and surface of 5-day-old ee schizonts as well as the surrounding parasitophor ... | 1989 | 2919723 |
| in vitro activity of antimalarial compounds on the exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium cynomolgi and p. knowlesi. | primary cultures of macaca mulatta hepatocytes infected with sporozoites of plasmodium knowlesi, p. cynomolgi (cambodian strain), and p. cynomolgi bastianellii were exposed in vitro to 7 antimalarial compounds. the number of exoerythrocytic schizonts present after 4-7 days of culture was used to assess the activity. with pyrimethamine, proguanil, cycloguanil, primaquine, and 2 of its analogues (wr242511 and wr238605), marked inhibition of schizont formation could be achieved at concentrations be ... | 1989 | 2929849 |
| a general system of resistance to malaria infection in anopheles gambiae controlled by two main genetic loci. | genetic analysis of a system of plasmodium refractoriness in anopheles gambia suggests that the joint action of 2 unlinked genetic loci substantially controls expression of the susceptible and refractory phenotypes. one genetic component, here named pif-b (for plasmodium infectivity factor), is closely linked or identical to a polymorphic autosomal esterase locus which can be visualized by gel electrophoresis. this locus exerts the major controlling effect on susceptibility to plasmodium cynomol ... | 1989 | 2742036 |
| comparison of antimalarial efficacy of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and arteether against plasmodium cynomolgi b infection in monkeys. | arteether (30:70 mixture of alpha and beta epimers) used as injectable intramuscular preparation (in neutralized ground-nut oil) had curative action at 5 mg/kg x 3 d against blood-induced plasmodium cynomolgi b infection in rhesus monkeys, while the curative dose of artemisinin (qinghaosu) oil suspension was 10 mg/kg x 7 d or 20 mg/kg x 3 d. parasite clearance with arteether was achieved within 24 h. neither arteether nor artemisinin exhibited any causal prophylactic or radical curative action u ... | 1989 | 2603208 |
| enhancement of in vitro infectivity of simian malaria sporozoites to hepatocytes by centrifugation. | sporozoites of plasmodium cynomolgi, plasmodium knowlesi, and plasmodium coatneyi were deposited onto monolayers of hepatocytes from rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). when sporozoites were centrifuged (1,600 g for 5 min), 4-13-fold more schizonts were observed than were found in noncentrifuged control cultures. centrifugation of hepatocyte monolayers before adding sporozoites did not modify the number of parasites. | 1989 | 2614610 |
| ultrastructural localization of phenoloxidase in the midgut of refractory anopheles gambiae and association of the enzyme with encapsulated plasmodium cynomolgi. | a melanogenic enzyme, phenoloxidase, was localized ultrastructurally in the midgut epithelia of 2 strains of anopheles gambiae, a refractory strain that melanotically encapsulates plasmodium cynomolgi ookinetes on the midgut, and a susceptible strain that does not. midguts were incubated with either dopa or dopamine, and the resultant electron-dense product of phenoloxidase activity was localized on the basal lamina (bl) and cellular basal membrane labyrinth (bml) in uninfected mosquitoes of bot ... | 1989 | 2503600 |
| antimalarial activity of demeclocycline against plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii in rhesus monkeys. | demeclocycline was tested for causal prophylactic (at 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 dose levels), radical curative (at 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 dose levels) and blood schizontocidal (at 25, 50 and 100 mg-1 dose levels) activities against plasmodium cynomolgi b in rhesus monkeys. for causal prophylactic activity, demeclocycline extended the prepatent period at all dose levels. the maximum delay in patency was observed at 100 mg kg-1 (prepatent period = 40.66 +/- 14.57 days). for radical curative acti ... | 1989 | 2513785 |
| [comparison in susceptibility of anopheles dirus and anopheles stephensi to b strain of plasmodium cynomolgi]. | this paper reports on the comparative susceptibility of a. dirus (hainan strain) and a. stephensi (hor strain) to the b strain of p. cynomolgi in paired feeding experiments. in the most susceptible infective period, the infection rate in midgut and salivary gland of the two species was over 90%, the difference is not statistically significant. in relatively infective period, three experiments were performed, the infection rate in midgut of a. dirus was 24.4-60.4% with an average of 46.5% (53/114 ... | 1989 | 2591037 |
| association of a plasmodium-refractory phenotype with an esterase locus in anopheles gambiae. | in a genetically selected strain of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae, most species of plasmodium parasites are surrounded by melanized capsules and killed in the wall of the mosquito midgut. genetic studies demonstrate a significant association between the refractory response to plasmodium cynomolgi b strain and the est a allele at an autosomal esterase locus. increased susceptibility to parasites is associated with an alternate est c allele. lines selected to be homozygous for the est a and ... | 1989 | 2742037 |
| artemisinin (qinghaosu)--a new gametocytocidal drug for malaria. | gametocytocidal activity of artemisinin (qinghaosu) has been demonstrated against simian malaria parasite plasmodium cynomolgi b. colony-bred anopheles stephensi were allowed to feed on gametocyte-carrying rhesus monkeys and the mosquito infectivity rate and oocyst count of the infected mosquito gut were recorded on day 8-9 postinfection. control (pretreatment) feedings of mosquito on gametocyte-carrying monkeys showed good infectivity in different batches of the mosquitoes ranging from 57.14 to ... | 1989 | 2766860 |
| in-vitro exoerythrocytic development of plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii: inhibitory activity of monoclonal antibodies against sporozoites of different p. cynomolgi strains and of p. knowlesi. | the inhibitory effect of anti-sporozoite monoclonal antibodies (moab) on the in-vitro development of liver stages of plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii (nih strain) was evaluated using primary cultures of rhesus monkey hepatocytes. moabs against the circumsporozoite proteins of five strains of p. cynomolgi (nih, london, gombak, ceylon, berok), and of p. knowlesi (h strain) were used. incubation of sporozoites of p. cynomolgi bastianellii with the anti-nih strain moabs entirely prevented liver-sta ... | 1989 | 2771427 |
| the genome of plasmodium cynomolgi is partitioned into separable domains which appear to differ in sequence stability. | the genome of plasmodium cynomolgi is partitioned into at least 7 distinct genetic domains. each domain is apparently uniform in dna density and is separable from the others by cscl density centrifugation in the presence of hoechst dye. the protein-encoding genes that were tested are localized in the two heaviest density domains (isochores). the ribosomal genes are in two lighter isochores as well as in one of the isochores that contains protein encoding genes. telomeric sequences are mainly, if ... | 1988 | 2837737 |
| does biased gene conversion influence polymorphism in the circumsporozoite protein-encoding gene of plasmodium vivax? | variation between north korean and latin american isolates in the circumsporozoite (cs) protein encoding gene of the human malaria parasite plasmodium vivax was studied. polymorphic positions are confined to the central tandemly repeated sequences. nucleotide substitutions in the tandem repeats produce variants; these substituted positions within the repeat array tend to be conserved between genes. the north korean cs gene has a short insertion after the repeats encoding a 4-amino acid repeat (a ... | 1988 | 3054880 |
| human interferon-gamma protects rhesus monkeys against sporozoite-induced plasmodium cynomolgi malaria infection. | earlier we reported that prophylactic treatment with recombinant human interferon gamma (rhuifn-gamma) for a prolonged duration completely suppressed experimental infection with plasmodium cynomolgi b sporozoites in rhesus monkeys. we now show that reducing the rhuifn-gamma treatment to three administrations given close to the time (on days -1, 0, and +1) of infection was sufficient for complete protection. animals initially protected by rhuifn-gamma treatment are susceptible to reinfection. stu ... | 1988 | 3132512 |
| observations on early and late post-sporozoite tissue stages in primate malaria. v. the effect of pyrimethamine and proguanil upon tissue hypnozoites and schizonts of plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii. | two rhesus monkeys were each infected with 2.1 x 10(6) sporozoites of plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii; one was treated with 1.0 mg of pyrimethamine base per kg body weight for 5 d after sporozoite inoculation. a further 2 monkeys were each infected with 9.75 x 10(6) sporozoites of the same parasite; one was treated with 10 mg of proguanil per kg body weight for 4 out of 5 d after inoculation. the treated monkeys showed a delayed primary parasitaemia and relapses. in sections of liver biopsies ... | 1988 | 3250556 |
| peptide derivatives of primaquine as potential antimalarial agents. | three peptide derivatives of primaquine were synthesized. the compounds were tested for radical curative antimalarial activity against plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys and blood schizonticidal antimalarial activity against plasmodium berghei in mice. all three peptide derivatives showed activity against p. cynomolgi greater than that expected for the primaquine content of each prodrug. the toxicity of one of the peptide derivatives was less than that of primaquine in mice. | 1988 | 3280798 |
| ultrastructure of the encapsulation of plasmodium cynomolgi (b strain) on the midgut of a refractory strain of anopheles gambiae. | using transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the encapsulation of the simian malaria parasite, plasmodium cynomolgi, in a refractory strain of the mosquito, anopheles gambiae. after the ookinete penetrates the mosquito midgut epithelium and lodges between the basal membrane and the basal lamina, an electron-dense, melanin-like substance begins to coalesce around the parasite. completely encapsulated parasites were found as early as 16 hr after the blood meal. granules of the melanin-l ... | 1988 | 3379524 |
| cultivation of exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium cynomolgi, p. knowlesi, p. coatneyi, and p. inui in macaca mulatta hepatocytes. | exoerythrocytic stage parasites of plasmodium cynomolgi, p. knowlesi, p. coatneyi, and p. inui were cultured by inoculating primary cultures of hepatocytes from macaca mulatta with sporozoites. less than 1% of inoculated sporozoites survived. morphology and size of the liver stages in all 4 species were similar to in vivo descriptions and the time required for in vitro maturation correlated well with prepatent periods described. | 1988 | 3207173 |
| [detection of antibodies to vivax-malaria by elisa using in vitro cultured erythrocytic plasmodium cynomolgi as antigen]. | 1988 | 3289786 | |
| characterization of cross-reactive blood-stage antigens of the plasmodium cynomolgi complex using anti-plasmodium vivax monoclonal antibodies. | five out of 18 monoclonal antibodies (moab's) produced against blood stages of a brazilian (belem) strain of plasmodium vivax were shown to cross-react with all of the 11 strains of the p. cynomolgi complex that were assayed. the 5 moab's produced 3 different patterns of immunofluorescence, identical for both p. vivax and p. cynomolgi. three of these moab's appeared to react with antigens associated with the cytoplasm or membranes of infected erythrocytes. by western blot analysis, 2 of these 3 ... | 1988 | 2454311 |
| [study on the treatment of plasmodium cynomolgi infections of the macaque with ketotifen]. | 1987 | 3450138 | |
| [suppressive effect of 3 combinations of antimalarials against plasmodium cynomolgi]. | 1987 | 3450444 | |
| tissue schizontocidal activity of minocycline against a relapsing malaria parasite plasmodium cynomolgi b. | 1987 | 3666853 |