| antibodies and reactive t cells against the malaria heat-shock protein pf72/hsp70-1 and derived peptides in individuals continuously exposed to plasmodium falciparum. | pf72/hsp70-1, a heat-shock protein of m.w. 72 kda from plasmodium falciparum is one of the ag of interest to be included in a polyvalent vaccine against malaria. it is one of the major immunogens present in a fraction of purified blood stage parasites that elicited protection against experimental infection of saimiri monkeys with blood stages of p. falciparum. it is present at all blood stages and one of its b cell epitopes is also detected on the surface of the infected hepatocyte. moreover, pf ... | 1992 | 1431109 |
| capture elisa for igm antibodies against plasmodium falciparum glutamate rich protein. | this report describes a novel mu chain capture elisa for the detection of igm antibodies against a plasmodium falciparum antigen. a fragment of the 220 kda p. falciparum glutamate rich protein containing amino acid residues 489-1271 was expressed in e. coli as a recombinant chimeric beta-galactosidase fusion protein and used as antigen after purification and biotinylation. specific igm antibodies were found in 51% (39/77) of sera from adult liberians immune to malaria. the binding of igm antibod ... | 1992 | 1431149 |
| malaria therapy in 452 patients, with special reference to the use of quinine. | we investigated the efficacy and toxic potential of antimalarial therapy regimens in 452 malaria patients treated between 1980 and 1990. drug regimens in 330 non-immune travellers were compared with those of 122 semi-immunes with acute malaria; 71% patients acquired their infection in tropical africa, and the 288 plasmodium falciparum infections were the most prevalent species. because of increasing drug resistance or toxicity of chloroquine, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine and even mefloquine, quinin ... | 1992 | 1431171 |
| high-dose mefloquine in the treatment of multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. | the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of a high-dose (25 mg/kg) mefloquine regimen (m25) and the currently recommended regimen of 15 mg/kg (m15) were compared in 199 patients with acute falciparum malaria in an area with deteriorating multidrug resistance on the thai-burmese border. the clinical and parasitologic responses were significantly more rapid with m25. the incidence of treatment failures by day 7-9 was 7% for m15 and 1% for m25 (p = .03) and had increased to 40% and 9%, respectively, b ... | 1992 | 1431257 |
| smear-negative cerebral malaria due to mefloquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum acquired in the amazon. | | 1992 | 1431267 |
| stereoselective synthesis and antimalarial activity of alpha-artelinic acid from artemisinin. | alpha-artelinic acid [8], a potent, stable, and water-soluble antimalarial agent, has been synthesized from artemisinin [1], the sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from artemisia annua. the blood schizontocidal antimalarial activity of alpha-artelinic acid evaluated against plasmodium knowlesi is also reported. | 1992 | 1431937 |
| [variation of the parasite density of plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic carriers: consequences for malaria chemoresistance studies]. | during the studies on malaria chemoresistance, we noted great variations in parasite density of plasmodium falciparum between screening in the morning and final selection in the afternoon, in asymptomatic people. to better understand this phenomenon, we conducted a study in october 1987 on primary school children in a village near the city of bobo-dioulasso, at the peak malaria prevalence. we performed 3 blood-smears at 8 a.m., 2 p.m. and 8 p.m., on day 0 and day 4, to an initial number of 86 ch ... | 1992 | 1435194 |
| [the importation of malaria from afghanistan into the ussr (a retrospective analysis of data from epidemiological surveys of cases and foci during 1981-1990)]. | a retrospective analysis of imported malaria due to military operations revealed the main regularities in the behaviour of plasmodium vivax population and the relationships between the imported parasite and the native anopheles species. high percentage of cases with protracted incubation was noted in soldiers after their home-coming; the clinical symptoms were often registered 7-12 months after return. no epidemic consequence of imported and introduced cases of tertian malaria in malariogenic ar ... | 1992 | 1435550 |
| [the susceptibility of mosquitoes for plasmodium gallinaceum in the joint use of biologically active substances]. | making use of a model pair aedes aegypti--plasmodium gallinaceum, the authors assess the susceptibility of mosquito female survivors to malaria agent after treatment of larvae with various bioactive substances. eight binary combinations of 6 preparations have been tried: dimilin and uvemon, insect development regulators; fundosol and copper sulfate, fungicides; phytobacteriomicin (pbm), a larvicidal antibiotic; bactoculicide, a bacterial agent. combinations of pbm with compounds differing by the ... | 1992 | 1435576 |
| identification and purification of glucose phosphate isomerase of plasmodium falciparum. | the multiplication of malaria parasites within red blood cells is energy dependent. since these parasites lack a functional tricarboxylic acid cycle, the energy needs of the parasite are met by anaerobic glycolysis of exogenous glucose. high levels of glycolytic enzymes such as fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase, phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase have been detected in infected erythrocytes. here we report a 4-9 times increase in glucose phosphate isomerase (gpi) activity of infected ery ... | 1992 | 1435856 |
| cloning and analysis of the resa-2 gene: a dna homologue of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen gene of plasmodium falciparum. | we have cloned and sequenced a homologue of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (resa) gene from plasmodium falciparum designated resa-2. two reading frames with high homology to exon 1 and exon 2 of resa at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels were identified in the resa-2 sequence. however, resa-2 does not contain either of the blocks of tandem repeats present in resa. the lack of an rna transcript in either asexual or sexual stage parasites and the presence of an in-frame stop ... | 1992 | 1435860 |
| the characterization of two monoclonal antibodies which react with high molecular weight antigens of asexual plasmodium falciparum. | we prepared rat monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for very large plasmodium falciparum proteins to assist in their characterization. hybridomas prepared from rats immunized with parasitized erythrocyte (pe) proteins of greater than 200 kda exhibited two patterns of western blot reactivity with pe sds extracts: one represented by clone 41e11 (igm, kappa), the other by clone 12c11 (igm, lambda). mab 41e11 reacted by western blotting with at least 15 antigens, most of which comigrated with antig ... | 1992 | 1435861 |
| invasion of hereditary ovalocytes by plasmodium falciparum in vitro and its relation to intracellular atp concentration. | hereditary ovalocytes (stomatocytic ovalocytes), when examined within 1-2 days from the time that the blood sample is drawn, are invaded by plasmodium falciparum in culture to the extent of at least 55% of normal control cells. the ovalocytes have extremely rigid membranes, characterised by a shear elastic modulus some 3-4 times greater than that of normal cells. the extent of invasion falls off very much more rapidly than that into normal cells on storage, and we surmise that this is the reason ... | 1992 | 1435863 |
| a plasmodium falciparum gene coding for a 15-kilodalton antigen expressed in asexual stage parasites, gametocytes and gametes. | | 1992 | 1435872 |
| a transferrin-independent iron uptake activity in plasmodium falciparum-infected and uninfected erythrocytes. | non-heme iron is essential for the asexual growth of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum in mature erythrocytes. utilization of iron bound to serum transferrin by the parasitized cells has been postulated, but direct evidence for its specific delivery has not been reported. here we demonstrate that normal levels of transferrin in human serum are not required for intraerythrocytic p. falciparum growth: culture medium immunodepleted 500-1000 fold in human transferrin was capable of su ... | 1992 | 1435878 |
| transmission blocking immunity to human plasmodium vivax malaria in an endemic population in kataragama, sri lanka. | serum effects on gametocyte infectivity, that is, transmission blocking/enhancing immunity, were measured in the sera of 196 acute plasmodium vivax patients who were residents of a malaria region in kataragama, southern sri lanka. direct mosquito feedings were also performed on 170 of these patients. sera of about 48% of patients suppressed gametocyte infectivity significantly (by more than 75%) and of a smaller proportion (12%) had pronounced infectivity enhancing effects. transmission immunity ... | 1992 | 1437231 |
| transmission blocking antibody of the plasmodium falciparum zygote/ookinete surface protein pfs25 also influences sporozoite development. | the plasmodium falciparum zygote/ookinete surface protein, pfs25, persists in the oocyst wall throughout its development. anti-25 kd transmission blocking antibody, given to infected anopheles stephensi or a. gambiae mosquitoes in an additional bloodmeal, 3-6 days after being fed gametocyte infected blood, penetrated the oocyst and reacted with the 25 kd protein within it. this reaction caused a significant reduction in the number of developing sporozoites. mouse serum containing antibodies rais ... | 1992 | 1437237 |
| an immunocytochemical test for the diagnosis of antibodies to plasmodium vivax. | an immunocytochemical peroxidase test (icpt) has been developed to allow serological measurement of the antibody response to plasmodium vivax by light microscopy. acetone fixed p. vivax erythrocyte stages were used as source of antigen. the immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) was used as reference test. in testing sera from individuals infected with p. vivax in southeastern venezuela a high correlation (100%) was obtained between the icpt and the ifat. there were cross reactions with sera fro ... | 1992 | 1437238 |
| effect of intra-erythrocytic magnesium ions on invasion by plasmodium falciparum. | exclusion of magnesium ions from resealed ghosts or their extraction from intact human red cells by means of an ionophore results in a reversible drop in susceptibility to invasion by plasmodium falciparum merozoites in vitro. resealed ghosts, containing magnesium-atp and diluted cytosol, are invaded with high efficiency only when the original hypotonic lysis is carried out in the presence of magnesium ions. this effect is not related to the loss of membrane-associated constituents when magnesiu ... | 1992 | 1437272 |
| immunization against cerebral pathology in plasmodium berghei-infected mice. | the development of cerebral lesions in plasmodium berghei-infected mice was dependent on the strain of mice and the size of the infectious inoculum. in particular, c57bl/6j mice develop cerebral lesions when infected with low numbers of parasitized erythrocytes. by increasing the number of parasites in the infectious inoculum, the percentage of animals that develop cerebral malaria is decreased. varying degrees of protection against the development of cerebral malaria can be obtained by several ... | 1992 | 1437278 |
| plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei: detection of sporozoites and the circumsporozoite proteins in the saliva of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | sporozoites and free circumsporozoite (cs) protein were stained immunoenzymatically in 1-min saliva samples collected from anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with either plasmodium berghei or p. falciparum. the number of sporozoites in 1-min saliva-streak samples significantly increased as the salivary gland index rose from 3+ to 4+. for p. berghei-infected mosquitoes from which saliva had been collected before 30 days postfeed, the median sporozoite counts for 3+ and 4+ gland indexes were ... | 1992 | 1438147 |
| testing to begin on malaria vaccine. | | 1992 | 1439766 |
| appearance of adherent cells suppressive to erythropoiesis during an early stage of plasmodium berghei infection in mice. | we examined the effect of adherent cells from bone marrow or spleen of mice infected with plasmodium berghei on dyserythropoiesis. significant reduction in number of erythroid progenitors (erythroid colony-forming units: cfu-e and erythroid burst-forming units: bfu-e) was observed in bone marrow as early as 1 day after p. berghei infection. when adherent cells were removed from bone marrow or spleen cells of infected mice, the number of cfu-e and bfu-e was clearly increased. furthermore, additio ... | 1992 | 1439968 |
| chloroquine-resistant plasmodium vivax in papua new guinea. | an australian expatriate on regular weekly antimalarial prophylaxis with chloroquine base and maloprim developed symptomatic plasmodium vivax infection which failed to respond adequately to 600 mg of chloroquine base. more ominously, a resident of the highlands region of papua new guinea contracted vivax malaria which failed to be cleared by 2400 mg chloroquine base administered over 4 d. both patients had achieved appropriate blood and plasma concentrations of chloroquine after treatment. chlor ... | 1992 | 1440763 |
| innate resistance to new antimalarial drugs in plasmodium falciparum from nigeria. | the rapid dissemination of chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum in west africa has been well documented and represents a significant health threat to autochthonous populations. the methodical development of alternative chemotherapeutic agents demands that dispensing new antimalarial drugs (mefloquine, halofantrine, and artemisinine [qinghaosu]) be closely monitored in order to protect their clinical utility. indeed, mefloquine-resistant strains of p. falciparum have been reported. we pres ... | 1992 | 1440764 |
| plasmodium falciparum: haemoglobinase activity pattern of isolates is not related to chloroquine sensitivity. | | 1992 | 1440765 |
| chloroquine resistance in plasmodium vivax: the first case in brazil. | | 1992 | 1440766 |
| immune activation during cerebellar dysfunction following plasmodium falciparum malaria. | evidence for immune activation was investigated in 12 patients with a rare syndrome of self-limiting, delayed onset cerebellar dysfunction following an attack of falciparum malaria which occurred 18-26 d previously. concentrations of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 6 and interleukin 2 were all significantly higher in serum samples of patients during cerebellar ataxia than in recovery sera and in the sera of 8 patients who did not develop delayed cerebellar dysfunction following an attack of ... | 1992 | 1440767 |
| human cerebral malaria: alpha-galactosyl antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. | | 1992 | 1440768 |
| urinary neopterin in volunteers experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum. | to investigate the kinetics of monocyte/macrophage activation in falciparum malaria we determined urinary neopterin values serially in experimentally infected volunteers. three subjects who had been immunized with irradiated sporozoites via mosquito bites served as controls. these individuals remained aparasitaemic, afebrile and without a rise in neopterin after challenge by infective mosquitoes. four non-immune subjects developed plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia, fever (3 of 4) and sharp rise ... | 1992 | 1440769 |
| detecting malaria sporozoites in live, field-collected mosquitoes. | a method is described for identifying malaria-infected mosquitoes, without killing them or hampering their fitness. individual mosquitoes were induced to salivate on coverslips, and sporozoites, deposited on the glass surface, were visualized by giemsa staining. of 21 mosquitoes found to contain sporozoites by salivary gland dissection, 13 had delivered sporozoites on coverslips. a positive correlation was found between the amount of saliva expelled and ejection of sporozoites, indicating that t ... | 1992 | 1440771 |
| the effect of artemisinine, its derivatives and mefloquine against chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | a 48 h in vitro test of the efficacy of artemisinine, dihydroartemisinine, artemether, mefloquine and chloroquine was carried out against 3 chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum, strains k1 and t996 from thailand and ls21 from india. a sigmoid emax model was fitted to all in vitro inhibition data for each combination of drug and strain. strains k1 and ls21 were strongly resistant to chloroquine, whereas t996 was partially resistant. artemisinine, dihydroartemisinine and artemeth ... | 1992 | 1440803 |
| the relationship between the response of plasmodium falciparum malaria to mefloquine in african children and its sensitivity in vitro. | the clinical efficacy of two doses of mefloquine (15 and 25 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated in 85 children suffering from acute symptomatic falciparum malaria. the cure rate on day 28 was 100% in both groups. there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the mean parasite and fever clearance times in both groups (48.5 +/- 14.6 and 32.0 +/- 12.7 h respectively for the 25 mg/kg group and 49.0 +/- 15.1 and 30.0 +/- 13.3 h respectively for the 15 mg/kg group). there was also no significant diff ... | 1992 | 1440804 |
| drug sensitivity studies during a highland malaria epidemic in kenya. | | 1992 | 1440805 |
| ciprofloxacin does not achieve radical cure of plasmodium falciparum infection in sierra leone. | recently, activity in vivo of norfloxacin has been reported against plasmodium falciparum and, in vitro, ciprofloxacin has been found to be even more potent than norfloxacin. we therefore treated one patient infected with chloroquine-resistant p. falciparum at relatively low parasite density with ciprofloxacin, 200 mg intravenously twice daily for 3 d. this treatment failed to produce radical cure, although some suppressive effect was probably obtained. the growth of the p. falciparum isolate in ... | 1992 | 1440806 |
| chronotherapy of malaria: improved efficacy of timed chloroquine treatment of patients with plasmodium falciparum infections. | the effect of routine treatment with chloroquine (10 mg/kg on days 1 and 2 and 5 mg/kg on day 3) on parasitaemia and parasitaemic profile of patients infected with plasmodium falciparum was studied. as with p. vinckei petteri, the mid-term trophozoites of p. falciparum were the most susceptible stages to chloroquine treatment. it is suggested that, in order to diminish the frequency of drug administration and to lower the risks of chemoresistance developing, treatment should be diversified, usin ... | 1992 | 1440807 |
| increase of chloroquine resistance in vivo of plasmodium falciparum over two years in edea, south cameroon. | | 1992 | 1440808 |
| alpha-1-acid glycoprotein inhibits the effect of quinine on the growth of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | | 1992 | 1440809 |
| an epidemiological study of a schistosoma intercalatum focus in south-east gabon. | a schistosoma intercalatum focus in south-east gabon was studied between july 1989 and july 1990. among the 356 permanent residents in the village, 354 provided stool specimens and 101 (28.5%) were excreting eggs (geometric mean of egg density = 101.4 eggs/g, with a range of 1-3200). the pattern of prevalence and intensity of infection with age showed the curve usually found in schistosomiasis, i.e. increasing during the first 2 decades of life and then gradually decreasing. the analysis by step ... | 1992 | 1440817 |
| aflatoxin exposure, malaria and hepatitis b infection in rural gambian children. | aflatoxin-albumin adduct levels were measured in serum samples obtained from a group of gambian children. the relationships between exposure to aflatoxin and the prevalence of malaria, between exposure and humoral and cellular responses in vitro to defined malaria antigens and, amongst children with evidence of exposure to hepatitis b infection, between aflatoxin and carriage of the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), were assessed. aflatoxin-albumin adduct was found in nearly all serum samples ... | 1992 | 1440826 |
| [studies on the tissue schizonticide of malaria parasite: synthesis of derivatives of 2-substituted phenoxyprimaquine, 4-methylprimaquine and quinoxaline]. | 2-substituted phenoxy-, 4-methyl-6-methoxy-8-aminoquinolines and 7-methoxy-5-aminoquinoxaline were condensed with 1-phthalimido-bromo-alkane to yield 2-substituted phenoxy-, 4-methyl-6-methoxy-8-(1-phthalimidoalkyl)-aminoquinolines (compounds 7-10 and 15-20) and 7-methoxy-5-(1-phthalimidoalkyl)aminoquinoxalines (28-30) which were subsequently reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give 2-substituted phenoxy-, 4-methyl-6-methoxy-8-(1-aminoalkyl)-aminoquinolines (11-14 and 22-27) and 7-methoxy-5-(1-ami ... | 1992 | 1442068 |
| [studies on the tissue schizonticide of malaria parasite: synthesis of 5-trieluoroacetyl-primaquine and its derivatives]. | primaquine was acylated with trifluoroacetic anhydride to give 6-methoxy-8-(4-trifluoroacetamido-1-methylbutyl) aminoquinoline (compound 2 in table) and 5-trifluoro-acetyl-6-methoxy-8-(4-trifluoroacetamido-1-methylbutyl )- aminoquinoline (compound 6), bis (trifluoroacetyl) primaquine, which was subsequently hydrolyzed to yield 5-trifluoroacetyl-6-methoxy-8-(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)-aminoquinoline (compound 11), 5-trifluoroacetyprimaquine or trifluoroacetoprimaquine, coded m8506. similarly, compoun ... | 1992 | 1442069 |
| antibodies to the major merozoite surface coat protein of plasmodium falciparum (gp195) in a human population living in a malaria-endemic area of the philippines. | the seroprevalence of naturally acquired antibodies against plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein gp195 was assessed in 726 individuals living in the napsan region of palawan in the philippines. antibodies against gp195 were detected using parasite-derived antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the lowest seroprevalence of anti-gp195 antibodies (45%) was found in the 0-4-year-old age group. by 10-19 years of age, the seroprevalence of anti-gp195 antibodies had leveled off at ... | 1992 | 1443339 |
| characterization of naturally acquired antibodies to the non-repetitive flanking regions of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum. | antibody responses to the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of plasmodium falciparum have previously been reported against the central repeating tetrapeptides of this protein. segments of the protein flanking the repeat region also contain b-cell epitopes, but specific antibody responses have not been previously characterized. longitudinal serum sets from 16 thai adults who developed acute falciparum malaria were selected to represent a spectrum of antibody response to the repeat region (r32). these ... | 1992 | 1443340 |
| rapid in vivo detection of chloroquine resistance by the quantitative buffy coat malaria diagnosis system. | the use of the giemsa-stained thick blood smear for the diagnosis of malaria has not been supplanted since the discovery of the parasite by a. laveran in 1880. recently, a new direct diagnosis technique, the quantitative buffy coat (qbc)* malaria diagnosis system, has been developed. we compared this technique with the thick blood smear diagnosis in a study of the efficacy of chloroquine therapy in zaire. a total of 815 subjects were screened; 71 participated in the trial. they were given chloro ... | 1992 | 1443341 |
| field evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for estimating the sporozoite rate in anopheles albimanus. | we have verified for specimens of anopheles albimanus that an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) used to assess plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum sporozoite antigen rates gives results comparable to the salivary gland dissection method for estimating sporozoite rates. for 14,150 adults of an. albimanus, captured at five locations in guatemala, we report sporozoite antigen rates of 0.03-0.57%, which correlate with the malaria prevalences at the study sites. we also present data that sugge ... | 1992 | 1443346 |
| effect of plasmodium falciparum on blood feeding behavior of naturally infected anopheles mosquitoes in western kenya. | feeding behavior was compared between infected and uninfected field-collected groups of anopheles gambiae sensu lato and an. funestus from western kenya. a significantly greater percentage (81%) of plasmodium falciparum-infected an. gambiae s.l. females probed on experimental hosts (hamsters) than did uninfected females (38%). among those females that initiated probing, there was no effect of infection status on the ability to take a bloodmeal. plasmodium falciparum-infected an. gambiae s.l. pro ... | 1992 | 1443347 |
| circumsporozoite antibody as a serologic marker of plasmodium falciparum transmission. | in a longitudinal study of a malaria-endemic village in southeastern thailand, circumsporozoite (cs) antibody to sporozoites of plasmodium falciparum was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine its usefulness as a seroepidemiologic marker of malaria transmission. the cs anti-(nanp)n antibody level and prevalence during a 25-month period paralleled the pattern of seasonal transmission consistent with conventional parasitologic and entomologic measurements. the prevalence and ... | 1992 | 1443348 |
| in vitro activity of halofantrine and its relationship to other standard antimalarial drugs against african isolates and clones of plasmodium falciparum. | the in vitro activity of halofantrine was studied in chloroquine-susceptible and chloroquine-resistant african clones of plasmodium falciparum over a period of six months. the susceptibility level remained stable in both clones. the chloroquine-susceptible clone (50% inhibitory concentration [ic50] 6.88 nm) was less susceptible to halofantrine than the chloroquine-resistant clone (ic50 2.98 nm). using an isotopic semimicro drug susceptibility test, the in vitro activity of halofantrine was compa ... | 1992 | 1443351 |
| immunoaffinity chromatography using electroelution. | immunoaffinity chromatography and electroelution of protein from solid-phase matrices are two powerful tools often used to purify proteins. in this study, we combined these two techniques and found that antigen was effectively recovered from immunoaffinity resins by electroelution. yields ranged from 90.5% to 62.8%, with a mean of 74.0 +/- 7.4% (mean +/- standard deviation). a major portion of the eluate, 79.4 +/- 13.1%, was concentrated in a volume of 100 microliters and 94.0 +/- 2.0% was recov ... | 1992 | 1443606 |
| [malaria in the dunkerque hospital center from december 1979 to december 1990]. | seventy-one cases of malaria were diagnosed in the hospital of dunkerque from 1979 to 1990. forty-five patients have been infected in the comores islands. among the 24 other imported cases, 17 (71%) have been contaminated in western or central africa. one case of congenital malaria and one of malaria acquired by blood transfusion are also reported. plasmodium falciparum was detected in 84.5% of the patients. the four human species were found among the comorians. two cases with abnormal forms of ... | 1992 | 1443798 |
| imported malaria in the bronx: review of 51 cases recorded from 1986 to 1991. | the cases of 51 patients with malaria seen at the albert einstein college of medicine hospitals from january 1986 to june 1991 are reviewed. thirty-five patients acquired infection on journeys to their country of origin. of these 35 patients, 83% of whom had lived in the united states for > or = 2 years, only 17% received antimalarial prophylaxis. ten of the 51 patients were born and raised in the united states, and 70% received prophylaxis (p < .01). six of the 51 patients were visitors to the ... | 1992 | 1445975 |
| [drug sensitivity study of plasmodium falciparum in the city of yaounde (cameroon)]. | in july 1990, the in vitro chemosensitivity of 22 isolates of plasmodium falciparum was assessed by an isotopic semi-microtest in yaounde, cameroon. out of them, 54.5% were resistant to chloroquine, 28.6% to amodiaquine, 4.8% to quinine and 4.5% had a decrease of sensitivity to mefloquine. a strong positive correlation between the ic50 of the antimalarial drugs compared by pairs was detected. | 1992 | 1446175 |
| indonesia medicinal plants. iii. on the constituents of the bark of fagara rhetza (rutaceae). (1): alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, and acid amide. | two new phenylpropanoids, named o-geranylsinapyl alcohol (1) and o-geranylconiferyl alcohol (2), and a new acid amide, named hazeleamide (3), were isolated from the bark of fagara rhetza (rutaceae), an indonesian medicinal plant from flores island, indonesia. the chemical structures of 1, 2, and 3 have been elucidated on the basis of their chemical and physicochemical properties. among the three new compounds, hazeleamide (3) was found to show a pungent taste and to exert a moderate antimalarial ... | 1992 | 1446354 |
| in vitro immune recognition of synthetic peptides from the plasmodium falciparum cs protein by individuals naturally exposed to different sporozoite challenge. | the impact of duration and intensity of sporozoite challenge on the in vitro cell immune response to synthetic peptides of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of plasmodium falciparum was investigated in residents of a malaria endemic area in burkina faso (west africa). lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production were used to assess immune recognition of synthetic peptides corresponding to the polymorphic th2r and th3r regions, to the conserved cs.t3 sequence and to nanp a ... | 1992 | 1446925 |
| purification and ligand binding of a soluble class i major histocompatibility complex molecule consisting of the first three domains of h-2kd fused to beta 2-microglobulin expressed in the baculovirus-insect cell system. | a recombinant baculovirus encoding a single-chain murine major histocompatibility complex class i molecule in which the first three domains of h-2kd are fused to beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) via a 15-amino acid linker has been isolated and used to infect lepidopteran cells. a soluble, 391-amino acid single-chain h-2kd (sc-kd) molecule of 48 kda was synthesized and glycosylated in insect cells and could be purified in the absence of detergents by affinity chromatography using the anti-h-2kd mo ... | 1992 | 1447172 |
| chloroquine-resistant plasmodium vivax: it may be a common problem. | | 1992 | 1448003 |
| malaria transmission at a new irrigation project in sri lanka: the emergence of anopheles annularis as a major vector. | malaria transmission was studied in a newly irrigated area of the mahaweli project in the dry zone of sri lanka. observations were performed for a three-month period following the northeast monsoon. parasitemia in the population varied from 20.2% in february to 7% in may, and infection was due to both plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax. night catches of mosquitoes collected with human bait included a high proportion of anopheles annularis. mosquitoes containing sporozoites in the salivary glands ... | 1992 | 1449195 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of humoral immune response to the plasmodium falciparum antigens in thailand. | we have investigated seroreactivity against plasmodium falciparum crude parasite antigens, the p. falciparum ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (pf155/resa), as well as against two synthetic peptides (eenv)6 and (eenvehda)3 that represent important epitopes of pf155/resa. the study population consisted of 421 children and adult thais living in an area with moderate malaria transmission. we related these serologic findings to some important epidemiologic baseline data collected in the stud ... | 1992 | 1449196 |
| renal pathology in owl monkeys vaccinated with plasmodium falciparum asexual blood-stage synthetic peptide antigens. | renal specimens from aotus monkeys were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry to examine pathologic changes following vaccination with synthetic peptides corresponding to the 35-kd, 55-kd, and 83-kd asexual blood stage antigens of plasmodium falciparum. the monkeys were vaccinated and later challenged with p. falciparum. in the monkeys vaccinated with centers for disease control peptides (group i), specimens from four of six postvaccinated animals had mild to severe mesangial prol ... | 1992 | 1449202 |
| agglutination of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes from east and west african isolates by human sera from distant geographic regions. | plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (pfe) were collected from acutely infected children in the gambia and tanzania and cultured for more than 30 hr until the parasites were mature trophozoites. sera collected from these countries, other african countries, asia, and south america were used in the pfe microagglutination test to determine whether pfe from east and west africa share surface antigens. from the patterns of agglutination reactivity, we identified extensive antigenic diversity i ... | 1992 | 1449203 |
| the squirrel monkey as an experimental model for plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte rosette formation. | experimental cerebral malaria was recently found to occur in the squirrel monkey saimiri sciureus when infected with the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. this report is concerned with the existence of spontaneous rosette formation ex vivo (infected blood samples) and in vitro (cultured parasites) between red blood cells (rbc) infected with squirrel monkey-adapted p. falciparum isolates and normal squirrel monkey rbc. transfer of p. falciparum with high rosette formation tendencies ( ... | 1992 | 1449204 |
| placental pathology in plasmodium berghei-infected rats. | the pathologic changes in placentae of pregnant rats infected with plasmodium berghei at different stages of gestation were studied using light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. the major changes observed were thickening and duplication of the trophoblastic basement membrane, and accumulation of parasitized erythrocytes and occasional mononuclear cells in the maternal blood space. immunohistochemical examination of nine placentae revealed that six stained positively for igg, two ... | 1992 | 1449205 |
| a polyclonal but not a monoclonal antibody to an m(r) 52-kd protein responsible for a punctate fluorescence pattern in plasmodium falciparum merozoites inhibits invasion in vitro. | a monoclonal antibody, mab h24, recognized a plasmodium falciparum antigen with a relative molecular mass (m(r)) of 52 kd that appeared to be a rhoptry component by immunofluorescence microscopy. the antigen is synthesized during both ring and schizont stages, but pulse-chase experiments showed that it is not carried through to the next ring stage after reinvasion. it was not labeled by 3h-glucosamine. the purified mab failed to inhibit parasite invasion in vitro. the antigen was isolated using ... | 1992 | 1449207 |
| suppression of plasmodium falciparum infections during concomitant measles or influenza but not during pertussis. | in tropical countries, concomitant infections are a continuous problem. in the rufiji delta, an area of tanzania that is holoendemic for malaria, there were outbreaks of influenza a, measles, and pertussis in 1986 and 1987. significantly lower parasitic prevalences and mean densities of malaria parasites were found in children up to nine years of age who had measles or influenza than in asymptomatic control children. in contrast, children with pertussis had a higher prevalence and mean density t ... | 1992 | 1449208 |
| failure of a synthetic vaccine to protect aotus lemurinus against asexual blood stages of plasmodium falciparum. | the hybrid synthetic protein spf(66), which contains small fragments of the 83-kd, 55-kd, 35-kd, and circumsporozoite antigens of plasmodium falciparum, was studied to determine its protective capacity against malaria infection in aotus lemurinus monkeys. two groups of six monkeys each were immunized six times with this polymer, which was mixed with either freund's adjuvant or aluminum hydroxide. two groups of five animals each were used as controls and immunized with saline solution mixed with ... | 1992 | 1449209 |
| a new model for testing gametocytocidal effects of some antimalarial drugs on plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | a technique is described for obtaining pure gametocyte cultures of plasmodium falciparum, using pyrimethamine at the minimum concentration for inhibition of asexual parasites. routine cultures producing sexual stages were exposed to pyrimethamine on days 5 and 6. these cultures grew synchronously and contained gametocytes of stages ii, iii and v on day 7, 9 and 15 of the cultures respectively. the pyrimethamine-treated gametocytes were more infective to mosquitoes than were untreated controls. t ... | 1992 | 1449270 |
| malaria parasitological indices in the cordillera province (santa cruz department, bolivia). | in 1988-1989, as part of a co-operative programme with the local unidad sanitaria, two cross-sectional surveys were carried out to study the prevalence of malaria in eight villages in the rural areas near camiri, boyuibe and gutierrez (cordillera province, santa cruz department, bolivia). thick and thin blood films were collected from all available two- to nine-year-old children at the end of the dry season, in the first survey (252 samples), and after the rainy season, in the second survey (346 ... | 1992 | 1449271 |
| plasmodium ovale in the highlands of irian jaya, indonesia. | | 1992 | 1449279 |
| the effect of malaria infection on 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and paracetamol glucuronidation in rat liver microsomes. | the effect of malaria infection on udp-glucuronosyltransferase (udpgt) activity was investigated in rat liver microsomes using 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and paracetamol. the michaelis-menten parameters, km and vmax were calculated and intrinsic clearance values were estimated for normal and infected livers. the results show that malaria infection alters the activity of udpgt. | 1992 | 1449539 |
| [malaria: immune mechanisms and immunization]. | in the 1990s, malaria worldwide is still the most important infectious disease. in endemic areas mostly children carry the highest burden of morbidity and mortality. nevertheless an increasing incidence in adults can be expected. patterns of disease and immunity within a population may be related to host parasite interactions and recent advances in immunology have contributed to a better understanding at the molecular level. humoral and cellular responses play a major part in the immunity as wel ... | 1992 | 1452194 |
| cerebral symptoms with p. vivax malaria. | | 1992 | 1452322 |
| proteins with molecular masses of 25 to 40 kilodaltons elicit optimal protective responses against plasmodium chabaudi adami infection. | the presence of the cd4+ t cell has been shown to be crucial for resolution of acute infection in the plasmodium chabaudi adami murine malaria model. this model is, therefore, suitable for the isolation of malaria antigens that are capable of activating protective t cells. in light of this, we set out to identify p. chabaudi adami molecules that activate protective responses in this model. denatured p. chabaudi adami proteins were isolated by continuous-flow electrophoresis on the basis of their ... | 1992 | 1452338 |
| encystation of giardia lamblia leads to expression of antigens recognized by antibodies against conserved heat shock proteins. | during in vitro encystation, giardia lamblia expresses several stage-specific proteins which are recognized in immunoblots by antisera raised against antigens from three different pathogens. the antigens belong to two different families of conserved stress proteins: (i) hsp60 purified from legionella pneumophila and recombinant hsp60 from mycobacterium bovis bcg and (ii) recombinant hsp70 from plasmodium falciparum. | 1992 | 1452366 |
| the combined effect of iron chelators and classical antimalarials on the in-vitro growth of plasmodium falciparum. | the emergence of drug resistant malaria has prompted an intensified search for new antimalarials or combinations of such drugs. iron chelating agents may represent a new approach to antimalarial treatment and could possibly be used in combination with classical antimalarials. plasmodium falciparum (fcr-3) strain used at a 1% haematocrit, was subjected to various combinations of the classic antimalarials (chloroquine, pyrimethamine and quinine) and iron chelating agents (desferrioxamine and 2,2'- ... | 1992 | 1452491 |
| electron microscopic analysis of circumsporozoite protein trail formation by gliding malaria sporozoites. | immunoelectron microscopic techniques were utilized to characterize the morphology of circumsporozoite protein-containing trails deposited on various substrates by gliding plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. the basic components of the trails are beadlike particles, 25 to 90 nm in diameter, which are devoid of unit membrane and have an electron-lucent center. trails were captured on formvar-covered grids coated with anticircumsporozoite protein monoclonal antibodies and com ... | 1992 | 1453354 |
| glutamate pyruvate transaminase as an indicator of infection with plasmodium falciparum. | a correlation is shown between the presence of trophozoites and/or gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum in thick and/or thin blood films, with the enzyme glutamate pyruvate transaminase (gpt) and a marked increase in serum gpt as a probable consequence of the presence of malaria parasite inferred. it is suggested that serum gpt levels may be used as a reliable marker for malaria infection, but only complementary to microscopic detection of falciparum malaria, rather than being specifically diagn ... | 1992 | 1453910 |
| [nephrotic syndrome caused by plasmodium malariae infection. a case with favourable outcome]. | | 1992 | 1454769 |
| [late onset plasmodium falciparum malaria revealed by corticoid therapy]. | | 1992 | 1454782 |
| comparison of the quantitative buffy coat technique with the conventional thick blood film technique for malaria case detection in the field. | the quantitative buffy coat (qbc) technique was compared with the conventional thick blood film technique in a malaria survey carried out in a mesoendemic area of malaria in betau, pahang, malaysia. the qbc technique was found to be a rapid technique but had a sensitivity of about 56% and a specificity of 95%, using the thick blood film method as the "gold standard". malaria species identification was unsatisfactory with the qbc technique as it could identify parasites correctly in only about 60 ... | 1992 | 1455266 |
| safety and immunogenicity in volunteers of a recombinant plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein malaria vaccine produced in lepidopteran cells. | a recombinant plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (cs) antigen (rpfcsa) was produced in insect cells using a baculovirus expression vector containing the entire cs gene. this near full-length cs antigen was adsorbed onto aluminium phosphate for use as a malaria vaccine. in a study of safety and immunogenicity, 20 volunteers were divided into four groups of five each and inoculated intramuscularly with 10, 100, 500 or 1000 micrograms of vaccine. primary vaccinations were followed by two booste ... | 1992 | 1455910 |
| trials to infect anopheles stephensi with plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis by the membrane feeding technique. | the aim of this study was to find optimal conditions for the membrane feeding technique to obtain maximum infection rates of mosquitoes with plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. the results show that the malaria parasite plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis is most infective to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes on day 3 of the infection in the mice, 1 day before the peak of parasitaemia. the mortality rate of the mosquitoes fed on mice on day 3 after infection was the highest as compared to mosquitoes fed on ot ... | 1992 | 1456466 |
| intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of paediatric cerebral malaria. | hyperimmune globulin can inhibit and reverse the cytoadherence between plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes and melanoma cells in vitro. cytoadherence is believed to mediate disease in cerebral malaria. therefore we studied the efficacy of i.v. immunoglobulin, purified from the plasma of local semi-immune blood donors, as an adjunct to standard treatment for cerebral malaria in malawian children. the immunoglobulin preparation (ifat antimalarial antibody titre 1:5120) recognized erythrocy ... | 1992 | 1458672 |
| kinetics of lymphocyte subsets from peripheral blood during a plasmodium falciparum malaria attack. | variations of lymphocyte subsets were followed longitudinally in 16 patients during an acute falciparum malaria attack. before treatment, lymphocyte numbers were highly reduced, but the subset distribution was similar to that of healthy individuals. after parasite clearance, lymphocyte counts were normalized and the subset distribution was unchanged. this led to a normalization of all the absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets, except cd8+. the fast normalization of lymphocyte counts suggests tha ... | 1992 | 1458676 |
| antigenic diversity amongst ten geographic isolates of plasmodium falciparum defined by merozoite invasion inhibition assay. | the extent to which human antibodies involved in functional immunity react with antigenic determinants varying between different isolates or strains of human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum will influence the design of vaccine against malaria. in this study, in vitro inhibition of merozoite invasion in erythrocytes by an immune human serum was used to define the antigenic differences in 10 isolates of p. falciparum from three endemic areas, i.e. africa, south america and southeast asia. t ... | 1992 | 1459296 |
| observations on malaria patients seeking treatment in hospitals in a rural and an urban area of sri lanka. | malaria in sri lanka is endemic in the dry zone and occurs during epidemics in the wet zone. a survey was carried out on malaria patients presenting at a hospital located in a predominantly rural area in the dry zone (polonnaruwa) and an urban area in the wet zone (ragama). higher incidence of plasmodium falciparum infections than reported nationally were observed in both locations. of particular interest is the rapidity with which patients gained access to hospital treatment after the onset of ... | 1992 | 1459297 |
| reversal of chloroquine resistance with verapamil in p. berghei in vivo. | the effects of verapamil on the parasite susceptibility to chloroquine were examined in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant lines of plasmodium berghei. verapamil in a dose of 10-50 mg/kg daily s.c. for 4 days did not affect the growth of both sensitive and resistant parasites. when verapamil in the same dose range was combined with 1.5 mg/kg chloroquine diphosphate, the chloroquine-sensitive parasites became more susceptible to chloroquine. similarly, verapamil se ... | 1992 | 1459299 |
| biochemical alterations in plasmodium vivax-infected malarial patients before and after radical treatment. | biochemical alterations in 152 malaria patients infected with plasmodium vivax were studied and the effect of parasitaemia on these changes was assessed. the degree of parasitaemia correlated positively with plasma uric acid, total and unconjugated bilirubin. a decrease in the levels of serum total protein, albumin, serum total, free and ester cholesterol was observed in vivax malaria. a follow-up study done on a section of the above patients after administration of chloroquine and primaquine fo ... | 1992 | 1459303 |
| involvement of gastrointestinal tract in plasmodium vivax malaria. | | 1992 | 1459306 |
| some observations on plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in natural infections in an endemic area of koraput district, orissa. | peripheral p. falciparum gametocytaemia with respect to its minimum average time taken for appearance in peripheral blood, its peak density, duration of persistence in peripheral circulation, conversion rate and sex ratio was studied in 22 persons with natural infections in a village of koraput district, orissa. the minimum average time taken for the appearance of gametocytes was 9.3 days in children (below 15 years) and 8.9 days in adults (15 years and above). the peak count was low, the maximu ... | 1992 | 1459307 |
| effect of tissue culture media on multiplication of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | to date rpmi-1640 has been the best medium for cultivation of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. in addition to this medium, several alternative media, essentially the ones used in animal and plant tissue culture, were employed for the cultivation of p. falciparum. only the media rich in glucose content, viz. nitsch medium and white's medium s-3, supported the parasite multiplication. | 1992 | 1459308 |
| problem of antimalarial drug resistance in plasmodium falciparum in mizoram. | studies conducted in mizoram during 1981 to 1990 have shown areas with increasing riii level of chloroquine resistance. these foci need urgent liquidation. sulfalene-pyrimethamine drug combination was found suitable for treatment of p. falciparum cases in these areas with only 5.3 per cent cases showing ri level of plasmodium response. quinine combined with sulfalene-pyrimethamine showed 100 per cent success. amodiaquine however was similar in response to chloroquine though the mean parasite cle ... | 1992 | 1459310 |
| effect of picroliv on glutathione metabolism in liver and brain of mastomys natalensis infected with plasmodium berghei. | administration of picroliv, the active principle from picrorhiza kurrooa, at a dose of 6 mg/kg, po for two weeks showed significant protection against changes in liver and brain glutathione metabolism of plasmodium berghei infected mastomys natalensis. the depletion of reduced glutathione level and inhibition of glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities due to p. berghei infection were markedly recovered by picroliv. the increased levels of lipid pero ... | 1992 | 1459651 |
| acquired malaria--how early can it occur. | | 1992 | 1459693 |
| deviant tata-box binding protein. | | 1992 | 1461276 |
| plasmodium berghei and plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi: development of simple in vitro erythrocyte invasion assays. | erythrocyte invasion assays are described for two species of rodent malaria, namely plasmodium berghei and p.c. chabaudi. these invasion assays are simple, are carried out using a candle jar and allow a number of assays to be performed simultaneously. our results demonstrate that both rodent malaria species show an in vitro preference for reticulocytes although the preference of p. c. chabaudi for these cells is not as marked as that of p. berghei. the details of our invasion assays and our resu ... | 1992 | 1461676 |
| assessment of parasite population dynamics in mixed infections of rodent plasmodia. | cloned lines of the four rodent plasmodium species can be differentiated by the rflp pattern generated following southern blotting and probing with pcsv4.1, a probe derived from a p. chabaudi chabaudi genomic library. groups of cba/ca mice were inoculated simultaneously with cloned lines from two parasite species or strains. six mixed species and three mixed strain infections using rodent malaria lines were initiated. the composition of the parasite population in each group was determined qualit ... | 1992 | 1461677 |
| [coastal urban malaria in cotonou (republic of benin). entomological study]. | a one year entomological was carried out the survey in the coastal town of cotonou to study the urban transmission of malaria. three representative areas of cotonou were chosen. the method adopted concerned night catches on human bait and dissection of a. gambiae s.l. the density of the vector (a. gambiae s.l.) fluctuated with the level of urbanization of the areas the annual aggressivity rates reached 1179 in the town center, 3666 in an the outskirts and 3363 in intermediate areas. mean sporozo ... | 1992 | 1462029 |
| [morbidity and severity of malaria attacks in carriers of sickle-cell trait]. | the authors made a survey in a permanent high plasmodium falciparum transmission area to compare frequency and severity of malaria attacks in children belonging to different haemoglobin types before 15 years; 291 young out-patients of the local infirmary and 467 outpatients of the hospital were examined. diagnosis of malaria was inferred from clinical and parasitological criteria and subsequent evolution of the disease. pathogenic threshold of parasitaemia was similar in all haemoglobin type gro ... | 1992 | 1462030 |
| [plasmodium falciparum or p. malariae parasitemia in carriers of sickle cell trait in various benin biotypes]. | the prevalence of malaria and the frequency of gene s were surveyed in two different regions of benin, savana and coastal lacustrine regions. in both regions, prevalence of malaria was not significantly different between hb aa people and hb as people. gene s prevalence was not modified by age, excepted for hb ss which was not found in people upper than 25 years. in holoendemic area, i.e. lacustrine region, means of p. falciparum parasitaemia were significantly lower in hb as children than in hb ... | 1992 | 1462031 |