| [evaluation of helminth carrier rates among foreign workers (author's transl)]. | the evaluated helminth carrier rate among foreign workers give rise to many problems under socio-economic, hygienic and occupational aspects. the evaluation of helminth infestation is connected with considerable uncertainty. based on the author's examinations these problems are critically investigated from the point of view of both, the employer and the employee. it is shown in tables that in the institute of hygiene and microbiology of würzburg during 1973/1974 497/702 respectively faecal exami ... | 1975 | 1214697 |
| [glutathionestatus of plasmodium vinckei parasitized erythrocytes in correlation to the intraerythrocytic development of the parasite (author's transl)]. | the glutathione status of plasmodium vinckei parasitized erythrocytes of mice was determined in correlation to the intraerythrocytic stage of maturation of the parasite. the different stages of blood schizogony were separated by discontinuous dextran-density-centrifugation. the changes of protein content, glutathione concentration (reduced/oxidized and bound/free glutathione) and in the specific activities of the following enzymes: gamma-glutamyl-cysteine-synthetase (gc-synthetase), glutathione- ... | 1975 | 1216329 |
| [morphology of the materno-fetal metabolic barrier in the human placenta]. | on chorionic villi of normal human placentas obtained from different aged females morphological studies were made with a view to collecting new data on the molecular structure and material composition of the materno-fetal metabolism barrier. the basement membrane of the chorionic epithelium is characterized by a network of fine collagen filaments arranged parallel to the plane of the membrane and having diameters less than 200 a. lying between the filament proteins are lipid molecules in the for ... | 1975 | 1217259 |
| amino acid and protein metabolism during differentiation (sclerotization) of the myxomycete physarum flavicomum. | protein synthesized by growing plasmodia of physarum flavicomum was steadily degraded when the plasmodia were induced to differentiate (form sclerotia). protein synthesis occurred during the initial one-fifth (9 h) of the 48 h differentiation period, but most of this protein was also degraded shortly after its synthesis. amino acids were primary catabolites during the differentiation process, and catabolism was extensive, even in the presence of dextrose. glutamic acid was catabolized at a rate ... | 1975 | 1237345 |
| transmission and scanning electron microscopy of changes associated with microcyst formation in the myxamoebae of physarum polycephalum. | surface and internal changes associated with transition from myxamoebal to microcyst stages in physarum polycephalum have been observed with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. nuclear morphology, granules studded with ribosomal-like particles, synthesis of polysaccharides which are deposited exterior to the cell, and origin of material for the cell wall appear to be similar in the amoeba and in the plasmodium. in addition, the viability of the strain used in this research after being ... | 1975 | 1237391 |
| [clinical cases of imported malaria caused by p. ovale in the moscow region]. | | 1975 | 1219358 |
| premature replication of late s period dna regions in early s nuclei transferred to late s cytoplasm by fusion in physarum polycephalum. | fusion of a late s period plasmodium of physarum polycephalum to an early s period plasmodium causes premature replication of late s replicating regions in the nuclei of the early s plasmodium. the extent of ahead-of-schedule replication of late s replicating regions in early s period nuclei increases to a plateau of 16-20% for fusions with 40-70 min of phase difference, then declines for larger phase differences. the stimulatory factors for late s replicative units are present only in late s pl ... | 1975 | 1237322 |
| calcium excretion and deposition during sporogenesis in physarella oblonga. | calcium excretion and deposition were studied during sporogenesis in the myxomycete, physarella oblonga. prior to fruiting, the migrating vegetative plasmodium contains numerous, large channels connected to the external environment. during early sporangial development, these channels become smaller and are isolated as channel remnants. plasmodial microfilament bundles also disappear at this time. internally, two types of spheres, each about 0.5-1.5 mum in diameter, are formed in the channel remn ... | 1975 | 1237344 |
| analysis of the principal problems impeding normal development of malaria eradication programs. | the problems currently impeding the advance of anti-malaria programs in the americas fall into several different categories. these include vector resistance to insecticides, parasite resistance to chloroquine, human behavior patterns which promote human/vector contact or reduce the impact of control efforts, and developments affecting operation, administration, and financing of the control program itself. vector resistance, of course, may be either physiological, behavioral, or both. with regard ... | 1975 | 1240013 |
| calcium and magnesium contents of ectoplasm and endoplasm of physarum polycephalum plasmodium. | | 1975 | 1239055 |
| the function of slime from physarum flavicomum in the control of cell division. | a haploid cell of the myxomycete physarum flavicomum undergoes cytokinesis, producing a large population of cells. however, after syngamy, cytokinesis no longer occurs but karyokinesis does and subsequent growth results in the formation of a diploid syncytial plasmodium. slime, which is produced by the plasmodium but not the haploid cells, was aseptically isolated and purified, and tested for its effect as a cytokinetic regulator. slime (a viscous, high molecular weight, acidic glycoprotein) aff ... | 1975 | 1238162 |
| cytoplasmic filaments and their assembly into bundles in physarum plasmodium. | | 1975 | 1239054 |
| letter: laboratory diagnosis of malaria. | | 1976 | 1247753 |
| [epidemiologic and parasitologic survey concerning the hassan addakhil dam and branches to the tafilalet province (morocco, may-june 1975)]. | in conclusion we know human and animal gathering is usually required for the development of water invertebrate populations, and particularly bulinus contortus or culicidae larvae, in a water system polluted with excrements or sewage. such conditions are not those of hassan addakhil lake and the latter is not to-day, on its surface, a source of contamination. as we report p. 486, the study of an eventual increase of malaria and bilharzia endemia due to new aval more or less distant irrigations, b ... | 1975 | 1243881 |
| use of amino acids by plasmodium relictum oocysts in vitro. | | 1976 | 1253879 |
| plasmodium gallinaceum: response of malarious chicken embryos to injection of serum from hyperimmunized chickens. | | 1976 | 1253887 |
| infection and mortality in captive wild-trapped canvasback ducks. | fungal, bacterial and malarial infections, as well as malnutrition caused heavy mortality in a group of wild-trapped canvasbacks (aythya valisineria) held in 10 x 3 x 2 m open-water pens. deaths occurred between 21 and 158 days after confinement and were associated with infections of aspergillus fumigatus, escherichia coli, staphylococcus sp., streptococcus sp., klebsiella sp., enterobacter sp., and plasmodium sp. infection and mortality was believed to result from reduced resistance associated ... | 1976 | 1255909 |
| [influence of xanthine oxidase on duration of asexual cycle of plasmodium vinckei in the mouse (author's transl)]. | injection of 1.2 u xanthine oxidase in plasmodium vinckei-infected mice showing high parasitemias prolonged the duration of the asexual cycle by about 10% and slightly decreased the multiplication factor of the parasites. this appears to be of theoretical interest only since the rapid and fatal course of the infection remained essentially unaltered. | 1976 | 1258145 |
| plasmodium brasilianum antigen for use in the indirect hemagglutination test. | antigen was prepared from plasmodium brasilianum harvested from an infected spider monkey. this antigen was attached to aldehyde-fixed, human type o cells, and was tested against sera from human cases of p. malaria, p. vivax, p. falciparum, and p. ovale infection, and sera from noninfected persons. at dilutions of 1:16 or greater the antigen failed to react in sera from noninfected persons. it reacted at titers of 16 or above with sera from 85% of the persons with p. malariae infection, 83% with ... | 1976 | 1259094 |
| acute renal failure in tropical africa. | between 1972 and 1975, 55 adult patients with acute renal failure were admitted to the renal unit of korle bu hospital. fourteen patients died, giving an overall death rate of 25%. massive intravascular haemolysis after a short febrile illness was the commonest cause of acute renal failure. clinically these patients presented with blackwater fever but in only one could plasmodium falciparum malaria be confidently diagnosed. in half the patients various bacterial and viral infections (especially ... | 1976 | 1260396 |
| a population of pasmodium colmbiense sp. n. in the iguanid lizard, anolis auratus. | plasmodium colombiense sp. n. is described from 274 naturally infected anolis auratus from western colombia. host blood pictures, parasitemia, parasite structure, infection states, and host population dynamics are correlated. local epidemics occur, but in contrast to temperate zone species there is little regional synchronization. active infections occur year-around, being somewhat more common in dry seasons; however, chronic infections predominate. mature schizonts have 3 to 14, usually 6, 8, o ... | 1976 | 1263025 |
| a genetic investigation of virulence in a rodent malaria parasite. | the genetic basis of virulence in a line (ym) of plasmodium yoelii yoelii was investigated in a cross with a mild line (a/c). the blood forms of the virulent line developed extensively in mature erythrocytes of mice, causing death of the host within 7 days; infections with the mild line were normally restricted to reticulocytes, infected animals recovering after three weeks. lines ym and a/c differed additionally in enzyme and drug-sensitivity markers. studies on infections established from each ... | 1976 | 1264490 |
| [the villous trophoblast in placentae of premature births (author's transl)]. | enzyme histochemical behavier (cryostat-and semi-thin slice techniques) of the villous epithelium of 109 "genuine" premature birth permits evaluation of a qualitative disturbance of trophoblasts. it is characterised by an increase of pre-degenerative plasmodium and multilocular emergence of highly differentiated or degenerated langhans cells which lack the potential for plasmodial transformation and thus for regeneration of trophoblasts. the importance of such changes for metabolic competence an ... | 1976 | 1266275 |
| fine structure of plasmodium gallinaceum in embryonic and neonate chicks. | the erythrocytic stages of plasmdoium gallinaceum in chicken embryos injected with parasited blood either from a syringe-passaged infection in chickens or from a chicken infected with sporozoites were characterized by abnormal structure. particularly evident were large, unstained vacuoles within the cytoplasm; these occurred with greatest frequency in schizonts. the presence of myelin bodies within these vacuoles was revealed by transmission electron microscopy; abnormal cytokinesis and aberrant ... | 1976 | 1271304 |
| surface epitope localization and gene structure of a babesia bovis 44-kilodalton variable merozoite surface antigen. | variation of babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens occurs among geographic strains of the parasite. in this and a concurrent report, we investigate this variation at the gene and protein level. using a monoclonal antibody (mab 23/70.174), b. bovis gene sequences were identified that encoded a surface epitope of a 44-kda merozoite surface antigen (msa-2). this epitope is variably expressed among geographic isolates of b. bovis. here, we describe the msa-2 protein gene sequence, localize this s ... | 1992 | 1279420 |
| neutralization-sensitive merozoite surface antigens of babesia bovis encoded by members of a polymorphic gene family. | monospecific antibodies against native and recombinant versions of the major merozoite surface antigen (msa-1) of babesia bovis neutralize the infectivity of merozoites from texas and mexico strains in vitro. sequence analysis shows that msa-1 and a related, co-expressed 44 kda merozoite surface protein (msa-2) are encoded by members of a multigene family previously designated babr. babr genes, originally described in australia strains of b. bovis, are notable because their marked polymorphism i ... | 1992 | 1279421 |
| human monoclonal antibodies against plasmodium falciparum: production, stabilization and characterization. | nine human monoclonal antibodies (moabs) recognizing 7 different antigenic structures of blood-stages of the human malarial parasite p. falciparum (pf) were produced by epstein-barr virus transformed b-cell lines (ebv-tcl) with or without fusion to the lymphoblastoid cell line kr4. the peripheral blood b-lymphocytes were obtained from 8 gambian donors immune to pf malaria. two of the ebv-tcl could be expanded and maintained for more than 6 months but neither one could be cloned. six additional e ... | 1992 | 1279503 |
| monoclonal antibodies recognize a processing dependent epitope present in the mature cs protein of various plasmodial species. | in the present paper, we have characterized the specificity of a series of monoclonal antibodies (moabs) against plasmodium berghei sporozoites, selected for their lack of reactivity with the repeat domain of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein. we found that these moabs recognize pb44, the mature membrane form of the cs protein, but they do not react with pb54, its precursor. furthermore, these moabs do not react with any of the synthetic peptides representing the linear sequence of the p. berghe ... | 1992 | 1279504 |
| letter: detection of scanty blood parasites. | | 1976 | 1276860 |
| polymorphism in the circumsporozoite protein of the human malaria parasite plasmodium vivax. | the circumsporozoite (cs) protein that covers the surface of infectious sporozoites is a candidate antigen in malaria vaccine development. to determine the extent of b- and t-epitope polymorphism and to understand the mechanisms of antigenic variability, we have characterized the cs protein gene of plasmodium vivax from field isolates representing geographically distant regions of papua new guinea (png) and brazil. in the central repeat region of the cs protein, in addition to variation in the n ... | 1992 | 1279418 |
| inhibitory monoclonal antibodies recognise epitopes adjacent to a proteolytic cleavage site on the rap-1 protein of plasmodium falciparum. | the low-molecular-weight rhoptry-associated protein (rap) complex of plasmodium falciparum consists of at least two gene products, rap-1 and rap-2, and has the ability to immunise saimiri monkeys against experimental p. falciparum infection. several monoclonal antibodies specifically recognise this complex and in this study we show that purified immunoglobulin derived from these monoclonals is capable of inhibiting parasite growth in vitro. it has previously been shown that rap-1 initially appea ... | 1992 | 1279419 |
| molecular analysis of the association of hla-b53 and resistance to severe malaria. | the protective association between the human leukocyte antigen hla-b53 and severe malaria was investigated by sequencing of peptides eluted from this molecule followed by screening of candidate epitopes from pre-erythrocytic-stage antigens of plasmodium falciparum in biochemical and cellular assays. among malaria-immune africans, hla-b53-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes recognized a conserved nonamer peptide from liver-stage-specific antigen-1 (lsa-1), but no hla-b53-restricted epitopes were i ... | 1992 | 1280333 |
| peptides reactive with a transmission-blocking monoclonal antibody against plasmodium falciparum pfs25: 2000-fold affinity increase by pepscan-based amino acid substitutions. | based on pepscan analyses, a peptide derived from the 25-kda surface protein of p. falciparum sexual stages (ldtsnpvkt, amino acids 122-130) was recently shown to react with transmission-blocking monoclonal antibodies. subsequently, a pinbound construct (fddtdpikk; six amino acids substituted) was designed that reacted 1000 times better with the transmission-blocking monoclonal antibody 32f81 than with the parent ldtsnpvkt peptide. while this construct was obtained through single amino acid repl ... | 1992 | 1280492 |
| pathology of fatal and resolving plasmodium berghei cerebral malaria in mice. | cba/t6 and balb/c mice inoculated with plasmodium berghei anka strain (pba) died from cerebral malaria 6-8 days post-inoculation. dba/2j mice similarly inoculated developed a non-fatal cerebral malaria, with mild temporary cerebral symptoms, and died between days 15 and 22 from other malaria-related complications. when inoculated with p. berghei k173 (pb) these mouse strains did not develop a cerebral malaria but died between days 15 and 22 from other malaria-related complications. these mouse s ... | 1992 | 1280805 |
| distribution of repetitive and non-repetitive circumsporozoite protein epitopes on plasmodium falciparum sporozoites and immunochemical characterization of human malaria antisera. | the presence and distribution of circumsporozoite protein (csp) epitopes located in the repetitive and non-repetitive regions were studied in three plasmodium falciparum strains, nf54, ifa5 and ifa6. it was found by immunofluorescence, western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy that mabs to epitopes of the repetitive domaine bound similarly to the csp of all three strains. mabs to epitopes of the flanking regions yielded either some strain differences (mabs to the c-terminal end), or reacted ... | 1992 | 1279961 |
| recognition of plasmodium falciparum asexual stage antigens by antibodies in sera from people exposed to plasmodium vivax. | an analysis of plasmodium falciparum antigen-specific antibodies was performed on 44 serum samples from guatemala, a region endemic for p. vivax. most sera showed positive reactivity to p. falciparum asexual stage antigens by indirect immunofluorescent assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoprecipitation analysis using biosynthetically labeled parasites. although several antigens were recognized by these sera, proteins with molecular weights of 195 kd, 140 kd, and in the range of 70 ... | 1992 | 1279995 |
| diversity in the immunodominant determinants of the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum parasites from malaria-endemic regions of papua new guinea and brazil. | to determine the nature and extent of variation in the t cell sites of the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (cs) protein, a candidate antigen in the development of a malaria vaccine, we cloned and sequenced 69 recombinant clones of the cs protein gene representing 18 and 17 p. falciparum isolates from infected individuals from madang, papua new guinea (png), a holoendemic malaria region, and paragaminos and jacunda, brazil, relatively low endemic regions, respectively. as previously known, ... | 1992 | 1281968 |
| anomalous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic behavior of synthetic peptides related to antigenic helper t cell sites. | sets of overlapping synthetic peptides for three well characterized proteins (sperm whale myoglobin, hen egg lysozyme, and the circumsporozoite protein from plasmodium falciparum) were prepared and examined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc). using retention coefficients to predict the retention time of each peptide, several peptides in each protein set were found that exhibited anomalous behavior (i.e. eluted significantly later than predicted). previous work wit ... | 1992 | 1282129 |
| serum protein concentrations in plasmodium falciparum malaria. | in patients with uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum infection cytokine-mediated serum protein levels of c-reactive protein (crp), coeruloplasmin (coe), beta 2-microglobulin (b2m), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (aag), alpha 1-antitrypsin (aat), haptoglobin (hpt), prealbumin (pre), retinol binding protein (rbp), albumin (alb) and transferrin (trf) were measured in an endemic area of the amazonian rain forest. semi-immune (si) and nonimmune (ni) patients were investigated. in both patient groups the s ... | 1992 | 1283805 |
| plasmodium falciparum invades human red cells via a parasite produced glycosidase. | this report describes that p. falciparum produces a neuraminidase like activity on invasion into erythrocytes in culture on the basis of biochemical and immunological investigations. this activity in turn modifies the surface glycoprotein receptors of red cells and may be of help in the inhibition of further invasion by merozoites. the characterization of this enzyme activity may help elucidate the mechanism of cerebral malaria. | 1992 | 1284053 |
| kinetics of antigen specific and non-specific polyclonal b-cell responses during lethal plasmodium yoelii malaria. | in order to study the kinetics and composition of the polyclonal b-cell activation associated to malaria infection, antigen-specific and non-specific b-cell responses were evaluated in the spleens of mice infected with plasmodium yoelii 17xl or injected with lysed erythrocytes or plasma from p. yoelii infected mice or with p. falciparum culture supernatants. spleen/body weight ratio, numbers of nucleated spleen cells and immunoglobulin-containing and immunoglobulin-secreting cells increased prog ... | 1992 | 1284989 |
| construction of synthetic immunogens: use of t- and b-cell epitopes of cs and resa proteins of plasmodium falciparum. | an invariant t-helper epitope of the sequence endiekkickmekcssvfnv (residue no. 376-395) from the circumsporozoite (cs) protein was coupled chemically with the repeat sequences, namely (eenv)2, eenvehda and ddehveeptva, of ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (resa) protein of plasmodium falciparum. the cs sequence was tested for helper and proliferative activity in five inbred strains of mice of different haplotypes. the cs peptide showed dose-dependent lymphocyte proliferative response in ... | 1992 | 1279906 |
| world malaria situation 1990. division of control of tropical diseases. world health organization, geneva. | malaria risk of varying degree exists in 99 countries or areas. however, falciparum malaria does not exist or its relative prevalence is less than 1% in 13 of these countries. accurate information on the global incidence of malaria is difficult to obtain because reporting is particularly incomplete in areas known to be highly endemic. the global incidence of malaria is estimated to be nearly 120 million clinical cases each year, with nearly 300 million people carrying the parasite. 90% of the to ... | 1992 | 1281364 |
| malaria in the who southeast asia region. | malaria endemic countries in the southeast asia region include bangladesh, bhutan, india, indonesia, maldives, myanmar, nepal, sri lanka, and thailand. population movement and rapid urbanization, both largely caused by unemployment, and environmental deterioration change the malaria pattern. they also increase the incidence of drug-resistant malaria, especially resistance to 4-aminoquinolines. in india, plasmodium falciparum is linked to the density and distribution of tribals, and, in southe ... | 1992 | 1286730 |
| a longitudinal study to monitor chloroquine-resistant p. falciparum malaria in bokajan and manja phc areas of karbi anglong district, assam. | in-vivo as well as in-vitro studies were carried out at regular intervals from 1979 to 1988 to monitor chloroquine resistance in p. falciparum in bokajan and manja phc of karbi anglong district, assam. the results showed no significant change in resistance status in the area. intensified antivector measures, withdrawal of chloroquine pressure and prompt detection and treatment of p. falciparum cases with alternative drugs helped bring down the higher grades of resistant parasites by 1984, which ... | 1992 | 1286733 |
| report of three cases of p. falciparum showing moderately high parasitaemia. | | 1992 | 1286736 |
| comparison of artemisinin suppositories with intravenous artesunate and intravenous quinine in the treatment of cerebral malaria. | seventy-nine comatose cerebral malaria patients given standard supportive treatment were randomized to receive specific antimalarial chemotherapy of intravenous quinine, intravenous artesunate, or artemisinin suppositories. artesunate and artemisinin reduced peripheral asexual parasitaemia significantly more rapidly than quinine (90% clearance time 16 h, 18.9 h and 34.5 h respectively), but did not significantly reduce the duration of coma or mortality. the rapid lowering of peripheral parasitae ... | 1992 | 1287904 |
| norfloxacin is not effective for treatment of plasmodium falciparum infection in kenya. | | 1992 | 1287906 |
| chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum isolates from the sudan lack two mutations in the pfmdr1 gene thought to be associated with chloroquine resistance. | isolates of plasmodium falciparum from 3 areas of the sudan were recovered from cryopreservation in london and their chloroquine sensitivity was determined in vitro. chloroquine resistance was detected in 6/6 isolates from khartoum, 1/4 from sennar and 3/3 from gadarif, indicating that resistance is spreading. all the isolates were sensitive to mefloquine. studies using blood spots on glass fibre discs and the polymerase chain reaction did not detect two mutations in the pfmdr1 gene, thought to ... | 1992 | 1287907 |
| the effects of multiplication and synchronicity on the vascular distribution of parasites in falciparum malaria. | the sequestration of erythrocytes containing mature forms of plasmodium falciparum in the microvasculature of vital organs may cause large discrepancies between the peripheral blood parasite count and the total body parasite burden in falciparum malaria. despite this, parasitaemia is widely used as an indicator of prognosis and response to treatment. a simple mathematical model describing the changes in circulating and sequestered parasite numbers during acute falciparum malaria is presented. th ... | 1992 | 1287908 |
| polymorphonuclear leucocyte elastase in plasmodium falciparum malaria. | sixty-one patients with falciparum malaria were studied prospectively to determine the plasma concentrations of the lysosomal proteinase, polymorphonuclear leucocyte elastase (pmn-elastase) and their relationship to disease severity. the patients were divided into 3 groups; severe (parasitaemia > 5%) or vital organ dysfunction (n = 23), moderate (parasitaemia 1%-5% without complications) (n = 15), and mild (parasitaemia < 1%) (n = 23). the mean plasma pmn-elastase level in 10 healthy thai volunt ... | 1992 | 1287909 |
| delayed cerebellar ataxia following falciparum malaria: lack of evidence for antibody mediation. | | 1992 | 1287911 |
| demonstration by the polymerase chain reaction of mixed plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax infections undetected by conventional microscopy. | mixed malaria infections (plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax) are suspected to occur at a greater frequency than is detected by conventional light microscopy. to determine this frequency we carried out a prospective 'blinded' comparison of diagnosis by conventional light microscopy and enzymatic amplification of the circumsporozoite gene extracted from dried spotted blood samples. patients were previously healthy, active duty thai soldiers assigned to a malaria risk area presenting with malaria. ... | 1992 | 1287912 |
| rna probe detection of plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia. | | 1992 | 1287913 |
| role of anopheles culicifacies sibling species in malaria transmission in madhya pradesh state, india. | | 1992 | 1287914 |
| highly diverse t cell recognition of a single plasmodium berghei peptide presented by a series of mutant h-2kd molecules. | we have tested 21 independent ctl clones for recognition of a single peptide derived from the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein in the context of 13 mutants of the murine mhc class i molecule h-2kd. in this series of kd mutants, amino acid residues located on the upper surface of the alpha-helices were individually substituted by alanine. remarkably, most clones displayed individual recognition patterns on the kd mutants. we had previously found that this series of ctl clones was likew ... | 1992 | 1281196 |
| plasmodium falciparum cs protein--prime malaria vaccine candidate: definition of the human ctl domain and analysis of its variation. | studies in mice have shown that immunity to malaria sporozoites is mediated primarily by cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) specific for epitopes within the circumsporozoite (cs) protein. humans, however, had never been shown to generate ctl against any malaria or other parasite protein. the design of a sub-unit vaccine for humans relies on the epitopes recognized by ctl being identified and polymorphisms therein being defined. we have developed a novel technique using an entire series of overlapping ... | 1992 | 1285314 |
| treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria in monkeys with a drug combination that reverses resistance in vitro. | compounds that inhibit the p-glycoprotein-related efflux mechanism of multidrug-resistant cells reverse chloroquine resistance in vitro. hence, the co-administration of chloroquine and an efflux-blocking drug could potentially treat chloroquine-resistant malaria infections. we administered a drug combination (chloroquine and a tiapamil analogue), that has been shown to reverse chloroquine resistance in vitro, to aotus monkeys but failed to safely clear experimentally-induced chloroquine-resistan ... | 1992 | 1288427 |
| molecular mechanisms and biological importance of plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte rosetting. | rosetting, i.e. the spontaneous binding of uninfected to malaria infected erythrocytes and endothelial cytoadherence may hinder the blood flow and lead to severe plasmodium falciparum malaria. falciparum isolates obtained from unconscious patients all form rosettes and/or express a significantly higher mean rosetting rate than isolates from patients with uncomplicated malaria. furthermore, sera of patients with cerebral malaria are devoid of anti-rosetting activity while sera from patients with ... | 1992 | 1285315 |
| malaria prophylaxis: taking aim at constantly moving targets. | the prevention of malaria infections is one of the most important functions that any clinician can perform for those traveling to tropical geographic regions where malaria risks are present. the prophylaxis question has become complicated by continued emergence of chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum, the recent appearance of plasmodium vivax resistance, and the availability of a wide choice of antimalarial pharmaceuticals. chemoprophylaxis may produce different toxicities amon ... | 1992 | 1290274 |
| studies on the effect of tunicamycin on erythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum. | | 1992 | 1290509 |
| death from a severe case of plasmodium falciparum in a canadian. | | 1992 | 1291016 |
| in vitro activity of pyronaridine against african strains of plasmodium falciparum. | the in vitro activity of pyronaridine was determined and compared with the activity of monodesethylamodiaquine and amopyroquine against 31 clinical isolates and two clones of plasmodium falciparum originating from central and west africa using a semi-micro drug susceptibility test. pyronaridine and amopyroquine were 2.5 and four times less active, respectively, against the highly chloroquine-resistant clone, than against the chloroquine-susceptible clone but were equally active against chloroqui ... | 1992 | 1288425 |
| flow cytometry to evaluate the parasitemia of plasmodium falciparum. | the resistance of plasmodiums to the current antimalarial agents has spurred the search for new active molecules of vegetal origin or chemical synthesis. the screening of antimalarial molecules "in vitro" was done by simple but tedious techniques such as quantification of parasitemia through optical microscopy or by using radioactive markers. we have developed a new method to evaluate parasitemia by using the odam atc 3000 flow cytometer and biological cell sorter. we selected the ethidium bromi ... | 1992 | 1289491 |
| [imported malaria in brest hospitals from 1981 to 1990]. | from 1981 to 1990, 96 confirmed hospital cases of imported malaria occurred in brest. an important increasing of the annual number was observed in 1986. a high proportion of infection was due to plasmodium falciparum, mainly from black africa. most of the patients was french young men, without or with inadequate chemoprophylaxis. every case of malaria due to p. falciparum appeared during the 2 months following their return from an endemic area. two patients had a clinical profile of visceral evo ... | 1992 | 1292795 |
| the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. xlvii. studies on pyronaridine and other mannich base antimalarials. | the activities of mannich base antimalarials, including pyronaridine, have been explored against drug-sensitive (plasmodium berghei n) and chloroquine-resistant (plasmodium yoelii ns) rodent malaria parasites in vivo. lines of these parasites have been developed with resistance to pyronaridine, amodiaquine, or wr 228,258. the responses and patterns of cross-resistance of these lines to mannich bases and other blood schizontocides are inconsistent. it is concluded that some mannich bases may prov ... | 1992 | 1288426 |
| [efficacy of radical treatment with halofantrine on the prevention of imported plasmodium falciparum malaria]. | we carried out in 1989 a non randomized comparative study in french army units which had been in central africa (central african republic and gabon) for 4 months, in order to compare in 758 men on return from malaria areas the usual strategy of chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine and a radical cure by halofantrine (halfan). chloroquine was taken by 278 men (100 mg daily for 6 weeks after their return to france); the other 480 men were given two doses of 1,500 mg halofantrine on the third and on th ... | 1992 | 1292422 |
| sensitivity status of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, amodiaquine, quinine, mefloquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in a tribal population of district sundargarh, orissa. | in a malaria-endemic area of orissa, wherein chloroquine has been in use for over thirty years, 58.3% (14/24) p. falciparum cases did not respond to single dose chloroquine (10 mg base/kg) in in-vivo test. with standard dose (25 mg base/kg) 31.2% cases (10/32) showed resistance, i.e. at ri (15.6%), rii (9.4%) and riii (6.2%) levels. standard dose was superior in response to the single dose therapy [p < 0.05; chi 2 (df 1) = 4.11]. out of eight isolates tested in vitro, two showed resistance to ch ... | 1992 | 1291342 |
| [the clinical manifestations of tropical malaria in local inhabitants and europeans in the republic of guinea (western africa)]. | | 1992 | 1293838 |
| [structural studies of malaria vaccine]. | malaria still remains a serious health problem in large areas of the world, and in this article, recent research progress mainly made by us toward malaria vaccine development has been reviewed. 1) peptide vaccines (antigens) of immunodominant tetrapeptide repeats (nanp and nvdp) of the circumsporozoite surface protein of the malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum, were genetically produced in e. coli as a fusion protein with a part of human growth hormone, which has affected on the conformation ... | 1992 | 1294714 |
| entrainment to external ca2+ oscillation in ionophore-treated physarum plasmodium. | to elucidate the mechanism of mutual interaction between intracellular chemical rhythms in the physarum plasmodium, external ca2+ oscillation was applied to the ionophore-treated plasmodial strand and its response was measured as tension oscillation. (i) tension oscillation is entrained and phase locked to the externally applied ca2+ oscillation. (ii) two kinds of stable phase relationship, in-phasic and anti-phasic ones, are observed between them. (iii) transition between the two stable phase r ... | 1992 | 1295694 |
| [antimalarial effect of n-hentriacontanol isolated from cuatresia sp (solanaceae)]. | the antimalarial activity of the fatty alcohol, n-hentriacontanol, isolated from the bolivian solanaceae, cuatresia sp, is investigated in vivo through a classical four-day suppressive test against plasmodium berghei and p. vinckei in mice. this product markedly reduced the virulence of experimentally induced p. vinckei infection. n-hentriacontanol belongs to a new class of antimalarial natural compounds to be exploited for therapeutic purposes. | 1992 | 1294019 |
| role of free radicals in plasmodium berghei infected mastomys natalensis brain. | lipid peroxide, lipid hydroperoxide, reduced glutathione, oxidised glutathione, lipofuscin contents and the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase were assessed in p. berghei infected m. natalensis brain. the results showed significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxides, lipid hydroperoxides and lipofuscin in brain subcellular fractions of p. berghei infected m. natalensis. furthermore, a depressed superoxide dismutase activity was observed along with regulation in glutathione conten ... | 1992 | 1294484 |
| antimalarial activity of sesquiterpenes from the marine sponge acanthella klethra. | five sesquiterpenoids containing isonitrile or isothiocyanate groups were isolated from the sponge acanthella klethra. compounds 1 and 2 were identified as axisonitrile 3 and the corresponding isothiocyanate derivative, respectively. compounds 3-5 were found to be eudesmane sesquiterpenes. none of these compounds was cytotoxic toward cultured kb-3 cells, but varying degrees of activity were observed with cultured plasmodium falciparum. compound 1 demonstrated greatest promise as an antimalarial ... | 1992 | 1294700 |
| spectrophotometric assay of the interaction of plasmodium berghei infected erythrocyte lysates and neutral red. | in order to reveal by absorption spectrophotometry the redox differences between the plasmodium berghei infected erythrocyte lysates (mel) and the healthy ones (hel) we studied their interaction with the neutral red (nr) redox dye. the variation of the dye absorption intensity at 540 nm as a function of the hemoglobin content of the samples was attributed to the redox potential variation of the different hemoglobin aggregates formed in the samples containing different hemoglobin quantities. by s ... | 1992 | 1297467 |
| [the origin of heteroxeny in sporozoa]. | hypothesis on the origin of sporozoa from spiromonadida ancestors is discussed on the basis of the data on their ultrastructure. the phylum sporozoa comprises three large distinct groups of organisms as follows: perkinsemorpha, gregarinomorpha and coccidiomorpha. advanced coccidiomorpha have not descended directly from gregarinomorpha. gregarinomorpha and coccidiomorpha have common ancestors, protospiromonadida. heteroxeny is quite common among coccidiomorpha. the formation of heteroxeny in cocc ... | 1992 | 1297964 |
| seroepidemiological studies of malaria in different endemic areas of indonesia. | a total of 618 sera from inhabitants living in various endemic areas in indonesia were examined for igg against plasmodium falciparum utilizing young trophozoites and mature schizonts as antigens by the method of elisa and ifat. in general, antibodies against trophozites (resa) based on elisa and antibodies against schizonts based on ifat showed a correlation of malarial antibodies with the level of endemicity of the area examined. anti-resa antibody, detected either by elisa or ifat was more pr ... | 1992 | 1298062 |
| epidemiology and control of malaria in malaysia. | in spite of more than 30 years of control activities, malaria continues to be the most important parasitic infection in malaysia, accounting for 39,189 confirmed cases in 1991, giving an annual parasite incidence rate of 2.2 per 1,000 population. some factors contributing to the continued transmission of malaria are the development of drug resistant plasmodium falciparum, changes in vector behavior, and ecological changes due to socio-economic reasons. malaria parasite rates are higher among the ... | 1992 | 1298064 |
| drug resistant malaria, with special reference to thailand. | drug resistance of malaria parasites is a major problem confronting efforts to treat and control malaria. starting with chloroquine, the emergence of resistance to other drugs has led to multi-drug resistance patterns that pose increasing threats for the future. this report reviews work carried out over the past decades at the hospital for tropical diseases, bangkok, which monitors patients from many areas, including the thai-cambodian border, which harbors the world's most severe multi-drug res ... | 1992 | 1298068 |
| towards a malaria vaccine: riding the rollercoaster between unrealistic optimism and lethal pessimism. | activity in many laboratories over the past decade has resulted in many vaccine candidates nearing clinical trials. these include several antigens from the sporozoite stage; merozoite surface antigens msa1 and msa2, resa, the rhoptry proteins rap-1 and rap-2 from the asexual blood stage; the pfs25, pfg45 and pfg230 from the ookinete and gamete stages. this progress in the identification of potential vaccine candidates now highlights a series of scientific, developmental, economic and operational ... | 1992 | 1298072 |
| neurological complications of malaria. | this paper reviews the neurological complications of malaria. cerebral malaria, the acute encephalopathy which complicates exclusively the infection by plasmodium falciparum commonly affects children and adolescents in hyperendemic areas. plugging of cerebral capillaries and venules by clumped, parasitized red blood cells causing blood sludging in the capillary circulation is one hypothesis to explain its pathogenesis. the other is a humoral hypothesis which proposes a nonspecific, immune-mediat ... | 1992 | 1298073 |
| detection of circulating plasmodial antigens in human sera by sandwich elisa with monoclonal antibodies. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), one produced against plasmodium falciparum (pf-ig8) and the other against p. cynomolgi (pc-ie12) schizont antigens were used in a sandwich elisa for the detection of circulating plasmodial antigens in sera of patients infected with either p. falciparum, p. vivax or p. malariae. the mean +/- sd optical density (od) values for the normal control group using pf-108 and pc-1e12 were 0.351 +/- 0.036 and 0.205 +/- 0.044, respectively. mean od values for the three infe ... | 1992 | 1298082 |
| two-site pan-species monoclonal antibody elisa for detection of blood stage malaria antigen. | a two-site pan-species monoclonal antibody sandwich elisa (mab-mab elisa) was developed to detect both plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum antigens in whole blood impregnated on filter paper. in this assay, the plates were coated with pan-species mab 3f9 and another pan-species mab m26-32 conjugated with alkaline phosphatase was used for detection of bound antigen. the sensitivity of this assay was 5, 10 and 10 parasites per 10(6) erythrocytes for cultured p. falciparum, patient-derived p. vivax ... | 1992 | 1298083 |
| two-site sandwich elisa for detection of plasmodium vivax blood stage antigens using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. | two systems of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), a two-site monoclonal antibody sandwich elisa mab-mab sandwich elisa) and a two site polyclonal-monoclonal antibody sandwich elisa (pab-mab sandwich elisa) for the detection of plasmodium vivax antigens were developed. the assays showed good correlation with the level of parasitemia when tested against serially diluted p. vivax parasites (r = 0.937, and 0.997 for mab-mab and pab-mab sandwich elisa, respectively), with the ability ... | 1992 | 1298084 |
| antibody detection elisas for malaria diagnosis. | parasite extracts of plasmodium falciparum and p. chabaudi and three synthetic peptides from the p. falciparum msa2 merozoite antigen were tested for suitability as antigens in an antibody detection elisa using sera from malaria patients in brisbane. the p. chabaudi extract was superior to p. falciparum extract for detecting p. vivax cases, while for p. falciparum cases the two parasite extracts were equivalent. single peptide antigens were generally less sensitive than parasite extracts; howeve ... | 1992 | 1298085 |
| epidemiological study of malaria in north sulawesi, indonesia by fluorescence and giemsa staining. | an epidemiological study of malaria infection was conducted in the likupang district, minahasa regency, north sulawesi province, indonesia, during august 2-15, 1991. in this study, 510 people of six villages, representing ages between 1 month to 84 years cooperated voluntarily. blood smears stained with giemsa and acridine orange (ao), revealed 33 and 83 malaria parasite positives respectively. this significant difference was due particularly to the fact that ao staining examined under either a ... | 1992 | 1297003 |
| studies on the infectivity of gametocytes of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) in anopheles stephensi. | the infectivity of gametocytes of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) has been studied in laboratory bred anopheles stephensi. mosquitoes were fed daily on infected male and female mastomys natalensis and subsequent development of the oocysts was monitored in the midguts. maximum number of oocysts were found in mosquitoes which were fed on infected female mastomys on d8 and in male mastomys on d7 post-inoculation. during the next peak of gametocytaemia, very few oocysts developed. these findings suggest ... | 1992 | 1296945 |
| drug resistance in malaria: a review of the west african situation. | chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria is an emerging problem in the west african subregion. while chloroquine remains an effective antimalarial agent in some countries of west africa, the susceptibility patterns of p falciparum strains need to be assessed periodically. this article reviews the literature on chloroquine-resistant p falciparum malaria. | 1992 | 1296994 |
| [effects of dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide on development of exo-erythrocytic form of plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii in rhesus monkey]. | the rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) challenged with plasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii sporozoites were treated with im dexamethasone (dex) 1 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 7 d and cyclophosphamide (cyc) 25 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 3d, respectively. on d 7 after challenge, serial sections of liver biopsy stained with he revealed that the distributive density and size of exo-erythrocytic (ee) form of the parasites showed no difference between medicated and control monkeys. the prepatent period of the primary attack and the r ... | 1992 | 1300058 |
| persistence of low levels of plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine in the autochthonous population of the central african republic. | in central african republic, the first cases of resistant p. falciparum to chloroquine occurred in 1983 in non immune expatriate residents on regular chemoprophylaxis. from 1984 to 1991, 950 in vivo tests with a seven days observation period were performed in semi-immune autochtonous children living in seven towns of the country. chloroquine treatments were given at 25 mg/kg over 3 days period to children with p. falciparum parasitaemia > 500 (634 simplified methods) or > 1000/mm3 (316 who stand ... | 1992 | 1300352 |
| [the resistance of plasmodium falciparum strains to preparations of the 4-aminoquinoline series in the republic of guinea]. | in vivo measurements of p. falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine diphosphate, carried out in the republic of guinea, resulted in isolation of strains with degrees i and ii resistance from 5 of the 25 examined patients, that may be due to a wide prophylactic administration of the drug to all patients with fevers without completing the course of therapy in all the patients infected. such courses are obligatory to prevent the dissemination of chloroquine-resistant strains of the parasite and augmen ... | 1992 | 1299758 |
| [25 years of the eradication of malaria in spain]. | | 1992 | 1301679 |
| malarial hepatitis: a heterogeneous syndrome? | the incidence of malarial hepatitis in patients with plasmodium falciparum infection and jaundice is not known and it is not clear whether the condition is a single entity or a heterogeneous syndrome. | 1992 | 1304265 |
| mefloquine-sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (fansimef, roche) in the prophylaxis of plasmodium falciparum malaria: a double-blind, comparative, placebo-controlled study. | from july 1987 to june 1988 a randomized, double-blind, comparative placebo-controlled field trial was conducted in a group of villages near ibadan, nigeria. the aim of the study was to assess the suppressive tolerability and efficacy of four antimalarials (fansimef, lariam, fansidar, chloroquine) given for 24 weeks. fansimef and lariam were given with loading and maintenance doses, fansidar and chloroquine as one tablet per week for 24 weeks. of 567 enrolled subjects, 114 (20%) had parasitaemia ... | 1992 | 1304698 |
| an outbreak of plasmodium vivax malaria in trinidad, w.i. | an outbreak of plasmodium vivax malaria occurred in trinidad some 25 years after a successful eradication programme. the 'index case' was infected while visiting perdaneles, venezuela, and was responsible for the renewal of malaria transmission by indigenous anopheles aquasalis mosquitoes in icacos, trinidad, w.i. nine cases (four females and five males) of p. vivax malaria were locally transmitted in icacos. most of the cases (70%) were in the 15-24 or 25-44 year age groups. in granville/chatha ... | 1992 | 1304699 |
| high seasonal malaria transmission rates in the intermediate rainfall zone of sri lanka. | malaria transmission was studied at nikawehera, a long-established farming village, located in the intermediate rainfall zone of sri lanka. observations were made over a 12-month period (october-september) that included the main rainy season which occurred during the north-east monsoon in november-january. anolpheles culicifacies, the recognized vector of malaria in sri lanka, was the predominant anopheline mosquito collected by human night baiting at nikawehera. high entomological inoculation r ... | 1992 | 1304700 |
| muramyl peptide adjuvants for plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite vaccines in rodent model systems. | circumsporozoite proteins from the malaria parasites plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax were expressed at high levels in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. recombinant proteins varied both in length and in number of the natural amino acid repeat motifs. the proteins were purified and used to immunize mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits. novel muramyl peptide adjuvants were used that increased the immune response as measured by elisa assays, indirect immunofluorescence of fixed sporozoites, a ... | 1992 | 1305890 |
| missense mutations and evolutionary conserved amino acids at the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase locus. | molecular characterization of in vivo mutation at the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus has revealed a broad spectrum of mutation, both with regard to germ-line mutation in lesch-nyhan and gout patients, and somatic mutation in 6-thioguanine resistant t-lymphocytes from healthy individuals. the pattern of missense mutation shows a non-random distribution with a preferential location to codons for amino acids which are identical in human and the two parasites schistosoma m ... | 1992 | 1306134 |
| [alteration in resistance of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine after cessation of chloroquine medication for twelve years]. | in view of the fact the resistance of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine occurred extensively in hainan, a decision was made in 1979 that the use of chloroquine should be quit in the whole province. a longitudinal survey on chloroquine-sensitivity of p. falciparum was carried out during 1981-1991 to observe the variation in resistance of the parasite after the cessation of the chloroquine medication for every 2-3 years. a tendency of progressive decline of resistance was revealed. by using in ... | 1992 | 1303327 |
| [studies on the establishment of malarial animal model of short-term relapse. ii. the phenomenon of sustained special ring form parasitemia in plasmodium cynomolgi infection]. | our previous report that the ee merozites of plasmodium cynomolgi from vietnam continuously released from the liver to the blood circulation was further demonstrated in this report. monkeys were given pyronaridine 24 mg/kg.d x 6 after being inoculated intravenously with 32 x 10(5) sporzoites of p. cynomolgi. thick blood film examination was conducted two times daily till the day when trophozoites were detected. under the residual action of blood schizontocied, a special ring form parasitemia at ... | 1992 | 1303329 |