| leishmania amastigotes in the central nervous system of a naturally infected dog. | a 4-year-old male labrador retriever dog was presented with a 10-day history of tetraplegia, depression, and absent postural reflexes. the cerebrospinal fluid was positive for leishmania spp. dna. at necropsy, a 2-cm long mass was observed adhered to c(7) and c(8) left spinal nerves. microscopically, nerve fiber destruction together with mixed inflammatory infiltration was observed in the spinal nerves. cervical spinal cord sections showed multifocal, diffuse granulomatous inflammation in the wh ... | 2013 | 23166183 |
| comparison of real-time pcr and conventional pcr with two dna targets for detection of leishmania (leishmania) infantum infection in human and dog blood samples. | zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is endemic in northwestern iran. real-time pcr, conventional pcr, and the direct agglutination test (dat) were used to diagnose leishmania infantum infection in blood samples from 100 domestic dogs and 100 humans. based on clinical evaluation, 82 humans and 72 dogs from the endemic area were categorized as having asymptomatic infection, dat positive with no clinical signs of vl, or symptomatic infection, dat positive with at least one sign of vl. eighteen hum ... | 2013 | 23159412 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis: a comparative study of real-time pcr, conventional pcr, and direct agglutination on sera for the detection of leishmania infantum infection. | canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is endemic in northwestern iran. this study aimed to compare real-time pcr, conventional pcr, and the direct agglutination test (dat) for the diagnosis leishmania infantum infection in 167 serum samples of domestic dog. bone marrow was used for parasitological examination (smears and/or culture) in symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis, and serum was used for detection of l. infantum kinetoplast dna (kdna) by both conventional pcr and real-time pcr, while anti-l. ... | 2013 | 23153824 |
| treatment of canine leishmaniosis with aminosidine at an optimized dosage regimen: a pilot open clinical trial. | leishmaniosis due to leishmania infantum (syn: l. chagasi) is one of the most common diseases of dogs in mediterranean countries and also has zoonotic potential. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an optimized dosage regimen of aminosidine for the treatment of canine leishmaniosis (canl) in terms of clinical remission, restoration of clinicopathological abnormalities, evolution of antibody titer, lymph node and bone marrow parasitic density and of pcr-based parasitological cur ... | 2013 | 23140991 |
| sensitivity and specificity of in situ hybridization for diagnosis of cutaneous infection by leishmania infantum in dogs. | an accurate diagnosis of infection by leishmania infantum in dogs is fundamental for the control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (vl). histopathology (hp) and immunohistochemistry (ihc) are frequently used for the histological diagnosis of l. infantum in dogs but have shown limited accuracy. to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the histological diagnosis of vl, we evaluated automated in situ hybridization (ish) using a generic probe for leishmania and a specific probe for l. infantum ... | 2013 | 23135932 |
| detection of leishmania infantum in animals and their ectoparasites by conventional pcr and real time pcr. | visceral leishmaniosis (vl) is a parasitic disease caused by leishmania infantum, which is primarily transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. however, there has been much speculation on the role of other arthropods in the transmission of vl. thus, the aim of this study was to assess the presence of l. infantum in cats, dogs and their ectoparasites in a vl-endemic area in northeastern brazil. dna was extracted from blood samples and ectoparasites, tested by conventional pcr (cpcr) and quantitative ... | 2013 | 23132326 |
| antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of temporin-shd, a 17-residue long membrane-damaging peptide. | temporins are a family of short antimicrobial peptides (8-17 residues) that mostly show potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. herein, we demonstrate that temporin-shd, a 17-residue peptide with a net charge of +2 (flpaalagiggilgklf(amide)), expressed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. this peptide displayed potent antibacterial activities against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant staphylococcus aureus strains, as well as antiparasitic act ... | 2013 | 23116712 |
| ttas a new stilbene derivative that induces apoptosis in leishmania infantum. | leishmania parasites are able to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death), similarly to mammalian cells. recently it was demonstrated in vitro the anti-leishmanial effect of some natural and synthetic stilbenoids including resveratrol and piceatannol. in this study we evaluated the leishmanicidal activity of a pool of stilbene derivatives which had previously shown high apoptotic efficacy against neoplastic cells. all the compounds tested were capable to decrease the parasite viability in a dos ... | 2013 | 23103597 |
| experimental model for reproduction of canine visceral leishmaniosis by leishmania infantum. | in this report an experimental model of leishmania infantum (l. infantum) infection in dogs is described. the data presented are derived from an overall and comparative analysis of the clinical outcomes of three groups of dogs intravenously infected with 500,000 promastigotes on different dates (2003, 2006 and 2008). the parasites used for challenge were isolated from a dog having a patent form of leishmaniosis, classified as mcan/es/1996/bcn150 zymodeme mon-1. late-log-phase promastigote forms ... | 2013 | 23102507 |
| leishmania infantum infection in two captive barbary lions (panthera leo leo). | a female barbary lion (panthera leo leo) from the montpellier zoological park (france) showing colitis, epistaxis, and lameness with pad ulcers was positive by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for leishmania infantum. further indirect immunofluorescence (ifat) tests on the banked sera from all lions of the park detected another infected but asymptomatic female, which was confirmed by pcr on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) blood sample. leishmania infantum zymodeme mon-1 was cultured from e ... | 2012 | 23082544 |
| [kala azar - lethal course of visceral leishmaniasis. synchronous infection with leishmania donovani/infantum complex and leishmania major in a patient after mediterranean vacation]. | infections with leishmania spp. are endemic in areas of the tropics and subtropics. an increased incidence of human infections has been reported in southern europe, where zoonotic leishmaniasis is common. the systemic, visceral infection is caused by the leishmania donovani/infantum complex and may be fatal when untreated. | 2012 | 23064668 |
| alteration in mononuclear cell subpopulations in dogs immunized with gentamicin-attenuated leishmania infantum. | the impact of immunization with gentamicin-attenuated leishmania infantum (h-line) on the immunophenotypic profile of popliteal lymph node (pln) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of dogs was assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. compared with the dogs infected with l. infantum wild-type (group wt), there was a significantly higher percentage of cd4+, cd44+ t cells and cd14+, mhc-ii+ cells and a lower percentage of cd4+ cd25+ regulatory t cells in pln of the immunized ... | 2012 | 23036240 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis with histopathologic pattern of non-necrotizing granulomatous dermatitis in patients treated with adalimumab. | human leishmaniasis produced by leishmania infantum is endemic in mediterranean countries. in the context of a leishmaniasis outbreak in the town of fuenlabrada, madrid, spain, we had two patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis that developed non-necrotizing cutaneous granulomas. they had both been receiving anti-tnf treatment with adalimumab for rheumatic diseases. neither of them developed visceral disease and did not require anti-tnf treatment withdrawal to control the cutaneous disease. it is ... | 2012 | 23031374 |
| development of leishmania parasites in culicoides nubeculosus (diptera: ceratopogonidae) and implications for screening vector competence. | biting midges of the genus forcipomyia (diptera: ceratopogonidae) have recently been implicated as vectors of kinetoplastid parasites in the leishmania enrietti complex. this study assesses susceptibility of one of the few successfully colonized ceratopogonidae, culicoides nubeculosus meigen, to infection with leishmania parasites infecting humans. while leishmania infantum initially developed in the midgut of c. nubeculosus until 2 d postfeeding, parasite populations on day 3 were considerably ... | 2012 | 23025175 |
| evaluation of the cardiac toxicity of n-methyl-glucamine antimoniate in dogs with naturally occurring leishmaniasis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiotoxic effects of pentavalent antimonial compounds in dogs with leishmaniasis. twenty-eight dogs with clinical disease due to natural infection with leishmania infantum were treated with 75 mg/kg meglumine antimoniate sc every 12h for 60 days. serum cardiac troponin i (ctni) concentrations were determined and routine and 24h ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was performed before the onset (t0) and at the end of treatment (t60). no abnormali ... | 2013 | 23021954 |
| study of the in vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities of medicinal plants from saudi arabia. | the present study investigated the in vitro antiprotozoal activity of sixteen selected medicinal plants. plant materials were extracted with methanol and screened in vitro against erythrocytic schizonts of plasmodium falciparum, intracellular amastigotes of leishmania infantum and trypanosoma cruzi and free trypomastigotes of t. brucei. cytotoxic activity was determined against mrc-5 cells to assess selectivity. the criterion for activity was an ic₅₀ < 10 μg/ml (<5 μg/ml for t. brucei) and a sel ... | 2012 | 23011279 |
| a variant in the promoter of mbl2 is associated with protection against visceral leishmaniasis in morocco. | progressive visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is fatal if not treated; yet, most infections with the causative agents are asymptomatic. we hypothesized that genetic factors contribute to this variable response to infection. the mannose-binding lectin 2 gene (mbl2) is a candidate that merits examination in the context of vl because it enhances infection with intracellular pathogens. four functional mbl2 polymorphisms at codons 52, 54, 57 and in the promoter at the -221 position (x/y) are known to be as ... | 2013 | 22995279 |
| an antigenic domain within a catalytically active leishmania infantum nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ntpdase 1) is a target of inhibitory antibodies. | we identified a shared b domain within nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (ntpdases) of plants and parasites. now, an ntpdase activity not affected by inhibitors of adenylate kinase and atpases was detected in leishmania infantum promastigotes. by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis of detergent-homogenized promastigote preparation, an active band hydrolyzing nucleosides di- and triphosphate was visualized and, following sds-page and silver staining was identified as a single polypeptide ... | 2013 | 22995148 |
| public knowledge about and detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis in urban divinópolis, brazil. | background. leishmaniases are diseases with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations including cutaneous (cl) and visceral (vl) forms. many factors may affect their occurrence and expansion including environmental, geographic, and social conditions. in the past two decades, divinópolis, minas gerais state, brazil, has exhibited the potential for a disease outbreak, with the appearance of cl, and vl cases (human and canine). hence, this study was initiated to monitor public knowledge of the dis ... | 2012 | 22991521 |
| [a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum in a non-endemic province (ankara) of turkey]. | southeastern anatolia and the mediterranean regions of turkey are known as endemic areas for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). in this report, a 64 years-old male patient with cl caused by leishmania infantum has been presented. the patient who was inhabiting in ankara (central anatolia region, turkey) complained from a lesion on his right ring finger for the last six months. he has a cat and has been engaged with gardening. overall, he was healthy with the exception of hypertension and glucose into ... | 2012 | 22951664 |
| geographical distribution updating of tunisian leishmaniasis foci: about the isoenzymatic analysis of 694 strains. | over a period of ten years, a series of 694 leishmania strains from tunisian leishmaniasis foci were isolated and identified by isoenzymatic analysis. strains were obtained from human cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompetent subjects, visceral leishmaniasis in imunocompromised individuals and from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. two classically dermotropic species, leishmania (l.) major and leishmania killicki were found. l. major with the single zymodeme mon-25 was the most iso ... | 2012 | 22940099 |
| serological and molecular survey of leishmania parasites in apparently healthy dogs in the west bank, palestine. | canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is caused by leishmania infantum in all mediterranean countries. the leishmania parasite is transmitted by the bite of a corresponding sand fly vector and primarily maintained in nature by wild and domestic reservoirs, including dogs, foxes and jackals. infected dogs are the primary reservoir host in endemic regions and are the most significant risk disposing humans to infection. the present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of infection with leishmania ... | 2012 | 22937916 |
| peptidomimetic and organometallic derivatives of primaquine active against leishmania infantum. | the current treatment of visceral leishmaniasis is made difficult by the low efficacy, elevated costs, low bioavailability, and high toxicity of many of the available drugs. primaquine, an antimalarial 8-aminoquinoline, displays activity against leishmania spp., and several of its derivatives have been developed as potential antileishmanial drugs. however, primaquine exhibits low oral bioavailability due to oxidative deamination of its aliphatic chain. we previously developed peptidomimetic and ... | 2012 | 22926569 |
| prognostic analytes in dogs with leishmania infantum infection living in a non-endemic area. | due to increasing numbers of dogs that are imported from, or have been visiting mediterranean countries, canine leishmaniasis has become a very important infectious disease in germany. the aim of this study was to determine which laboratory and clinical parameters can be used as prognostic factors, whether level of antibody titre is a prognostic factor, and whether treatment leads to a better prognosis in a country in which reinfection is extremely unlikely. data of 72 dogs infected with leishma ... | 2012 | 22915680 |
| presumed brain infarctions in two dogs with systemic leishmaniasis. | clinical signs and magnetic resonance imaging findings of multiple brain infarcts in two dogs infected with leishmania spp. are reported. clinical signs of intracranial dysfunction were peracute and there was no further deterioration. magnetic resonance images of the brain were consistent with multifocal, non-haemorrhagic, ischaemic lesions. routine serum biochemistry revealed hyperproteinaemia and hyperglobulinaemia. serum antibody titres were highly positive for leishmania infantum and leishma ... | 2012 | 22882167 |
| antiplasmodial and leishmanicidal activities of 2-cyano-3-(4-phenylpiperazine-1-carboxamido) quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives. | malaria and leishmaniasis are two of the world's most important tropical parasitic diseases. thirteen new 2-cyano-3-(4-phenylpiperazine-1-carboxamido) quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives (cpcqs) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial and antileishmanial activity against erythrocytic forms of plasmodium falciparum and axenic forms of leishmania infantum. their toxicity against vero cells (normal monkey kidney cells) was also assessed. none of the tested compounds was effic ... | 2012 | 22871647 |
| indotecan (lmp400) and am13-55: two novel indenoisoquinolines show potential for treating visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis is an emerging neglected tropical disease (ntd) caused by the protozoan leishmania infantum in the countries bordering the mediterranean basin. currently there is no effective vaccine against this disease, and the therapeutic approach is based on toxic derivatives of sb(v). therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the development of drugs designed to inhibit them comprise an extremely important approach to fighting this disease. dna topoisomerases (top) have ... | 2012 | 22850521 |
| carbohydrate digestion in lutzomyia longipalpis' larvae (diptera - psychodidae). | lutzomyia longipalpis is the principal species of phlebotomine incriminated as vector of leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the americas. despite its importance as vector, almost nothing related to the larval biology, especially about its digestive system has been published. the objective of the present study was to obtain an overview of carbohydrate digestion by the larvae. taking in account that phlebotomine larvae live in the soil rich in decaying material ... | 2012 | 22841889 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniasis in turkey]. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) caused by leishmania protozoon parasites is a disease which is characterized by long-term nodulo-ulcerative lesions healing spontaneously with scarring. the disease has been well-known in anatolia for centuries and has different names such as; urfa boil, antep boil, year boil, halep boil, oriental sore and beauty scar. the causative agents are leishmania tropica and leishmania tropica/leishmania infantum in southeastern anatolia and east mediterranean, respectively. ... | 2012 | 22801920 |
| temporal distribution of positive results of tests for detecting leishmania infection in stray dogs of an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in the brazilian tropics: a 13 years survey and association with human disease. | human visceral leishmaniasis occurs in periodic waves in endemic areas of brazil. in this study we followed the prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis and of leishmania infantum infection in stray dogs of an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis at periods of time between 1997 and 2010. prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis had two peaks (40 cases) in 1997 and 2006 with sharp declines to 2 cases in 2001 and to 5 cases in 2008. similar fluctuations were also observed in the occurrence o ... | 2012 | 22795669 |
| in vitro antiparasitic and apoptotic effects of antimony sulfide nanoparticles on leishmania infantum. | visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most important sever diseases in tropical and subtropical countries. in the present study the effects of antimony sulfide nanoparticles on leishmania infantum in vitro were evaluated. antimony sulfide nps (sb(2)s(5)) were synthesized by biological method from serratia marcescens bacteria. then the cytotoxicity effects of different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) of this nanoparticle were assessed on promastigote and amastigote stages of l. infan ... | 2012 | 22792443 |
| the utility of pathogen inactivation technology: a real-life example of leishmania infantum inactivation in platelets from a donor with an asymptomatic infection. | | 2012 | 22790276 |
| first detection of leishmania infantum in phlebotomus kandelakii using molecular methods in north-eastern islamic republic of iran. | shirvan district in north-eastern islamic republic of iran is a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis. this study aimed to identify the vector(s), the parasite and the species composition of sand flies in the district during july-september 2009 using polymerase chain reaction techniques. in all, 2088 sand flies were collected from 3 villages. nine sand fly species were identified: phlebotomus kandelakii (shchurenkova), p. major (annandale), p. halepensis (theodor), p. papatasi (scopoli), p. sergen ... | 2012 | 22768703 |
| ce-esi-ms metabolic fingerprinting of leishmania resistance to antimony treatment. | metabolomics has become an invaluable tool to unveil biology of pathogens, with immediate application to chemotherapy. it is currently accepted that there is not one single technique capable of obtaining the whole metabolic fingerprint of a biological system either due to their different physical-chemical properties or concentrations. in this work, we have explored the capability of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry with a sheathless interface with electrospray ionization (ce-esi-tof-m ... | 2012 | 22740478 |
| analysis of membrane-enriched and high molecular weight proteins in leishmania infantum promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. | membrane and high molecular weight (hmw) proteins tend to be underrepresented in proteome analyses. here, we optimized a protocol designed for the extraction and purification of membranes from the protozoan parasite leishmania using a combination of serial centrifugation and free-flow zone electrophoresis (ze-ffe). we also enriched for leishmania hmw proteins from total extracts using the gelfree 8100 fractionation system. this allowed the study of expression of both membrane-enriched and hmw pr ... | 2012 | 22716046 |
| high quality long-term cd4+ and cd8+ effector memory populations stimulated by dna-lack/mva-lack regimen in leishmania major balb/c model of infection. | heterologous vaccination based on priming with a plasmid dna vector and boosting with an attenuated vaccinia virus mva recombinant, with both vectors expressing the leishmania infantum lack antigen (dna-lack and mva-lack), has shown efficacy conferring protection in murine and canine models against cutaneus and visceral leishmaniasis, but the immune parameters of protection remain ill defined. here we performed by flow cytometry an in depth analysis of the t cell populations induced in balb/c mi ... | 2012 | 22715418 |
| pathogen inactivation technology applied to a blood component collected from an asymptomatic carrier of leishmania infantum: a case report. | asymptomatic leishmania infections have been the main cause of transfusion transmission in endemic areas. polymerase chain reaction has been used to detect l. infantum dna in the peripheral blood of asymptomatic leishmania carriers. in our region, the prevalence of asymptomatic l. infantum infection in donors is markedly high (5·9% of donors studied). we investigated the ability of pathogen inactivation technology, using amotosalen and uva illumination, to eliminate l. infantum in a blood compon ... | 2012 | 22712807 |
| new parasite inhibitors encompassing novel conformationally-locked 5'-acyl sulfamoyl adenosines. | we describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of conformationally-locked 5'-acyl sulfamoyl adenosine derivatives as new parasitic inhibitors against trypanosoma and leishmania. the conformationally-locked (3'-endo, north-type) nucleosides have been synthesized by covalently attaching a 4'-ch(2)-o-2' bridge () across c2'-c4' of adenosine in order to reduce the conformational flexibility of the pentose ring. this is designed to decrease the entropic penalty for complex formation with ... | 2012 | 22710960 |
| tongue nodules in canine leishmaniosis--a case report. | canine leishmaniosis (canl) caused by leishmania infantum is an endemic zoonosis in southern european countries. infected dogs can present rare or atypical forms of the disease and diagnosis can be challenging. the present report describes a case of tongue nodules in a 3-year-old neutered female labrador retriever dog with leishmaniosis. | 2012 | 22704596 |
| canine leishmaniosis. modulation of macrophage/lymphocyte interactions by l. infantum. | canine leishmaniosis, caused by leishmania infantum, is a systemic disease with variable clinical signs and a progressive evolution. this disease is characterized by impaired t cell-mediated immune response, which has been associated with disease chronicity and high mortality. protective immunity against leishmaniosis is thought to be mediated by t cell and cytokine production. the t cell activation requires a primary signal delivered by the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules prese ... | 2012 | 22698797 |
| the hare (lepus granatensis) as potential sylvatic reservoir of leishmania infantum in spain. | xenodiagnosis of leishmania infection in hares (lepus granatensis) from a focus of human leishmaniasis in fuenlabrada at southwestern madrid region (spain) proved that they are infective to phlebotomus perniciosus. molecular characterization of isolates obtained from sand flies infected after xenodiagnosis demonstrates that hares were infected by leishmania infantum. this is the first evidence of the transmission of l. infantum from hares to sand flies. moreover the results confirm the role that ... | 2012 | 22677135 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis: relationships between oxidative stress, liver and kidney variables, trace elements, and clinical status. | the aim of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the pathology of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl). we therefore studied the relationships between oxidative stress markers, liver and kidney variables, trace elements, and clinical status in dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum. two groups of leishmania-infected dogs [asymptomatic (ad, n = 14) and symptomatic (sd, n = 16)] were assessed and compared with a group of non-infected control dogs (cd, n = 30). a si ... | 2012 | 22669694 |
| nuclease activity and ultrastructural effects of new sulfonamides with anti-leishmanial and trypanocidal activities. | our aim was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of a series of n-benzenesulfonamides of amine substituted aromatic rings, sulfonamides 1-6, against trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania spp. and to compare their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal profile. in order to elucidate the probable mechanism of action, the interaction of selected sulfonamides with puc18 plasmid dna was investigated by nuclease activity assays. in addition, the cellular targets of these sulfonamides in treated parasites were also s ... | 2012 | 22668836 |
| leishmanicidal activity of nine novel flavonoids from delphinium staphisagria. | to evaluate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of nine flavonoid derivatives from delphinium staphisagria against l. infantum and l. braziliensis. | 2012 | 22666092 |
| diagnostic value of conjunctival swab sampling associated with nested pcr for different categories of dogs naturally exposed to leishmania infantum infection. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a noninvasive assay, conjunctival swab (cs) nested-pcr (n-pcr), for diagnosing canine leishmaniasis (canl) in different stages of infection in comparison to the performance of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat), lymph node microscopy, and buffy coat n-pcr. to this end, we performed a cross-sectional survey among 253 nonselected dogs in areas of endemicity in central italy. we also performed a longi ... | 2012 | 22649018 |
| leishmania infantum nicotinamidase is required for late-stage development in its natural sand fly vector, phlebotomus perniciosus. | leishmania infantum nicotinamidase, encoded by the lipnc1 gene, converts nicotinamide into nicotinicacid to ensure nicotinamide–adenine–dinucleotide (nad+) biosynthesis. we were curious to explore the role of this enzyme during l. infantum development in its natural sand fly vector, phlebotomus perniciosus (diptera, phlebotominae), using null mutants with a deleted lipnc1 gene. the null mutants developed as well as the wild type l. infantum at the early time points post their ingestion within th ... | 2012 | 22619752 |
| first report on natural infection of the phlebotomus tobbi by leishmania infantum in northwestern iran. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is an important health problem in ardebil, where it borders azerbaijan in the northwestern iran. in spite of the presence of both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (cl and vl) in northwestern iran, previous researches have consistently revealed the etiologic agent of vl in the region to be leishmania infantum. this is the first report of natural infection of phlebotomus tobbi with l. infantum in bilesavar district in the northern part of ardebil province bordering ... | 2012 | 22609304 |
| risk factors for canine leishmaniasis in an endemic mediterranean region. | human visceral leishmaniasis is an emergent/re-emergent parasitic zoonotic disease in europe caused by leishmania infantum, with domestic dog as its main reservoir host. this study presents the results of a canine epidemiological survey in a mediterranean region where human and canine leishmaniasis (canl) are endemic - portugal. the main goal was to identify risk factors, which can be relevant for leishmania infection control. the national survey was carried out in january 2009 with a screening ... | 2012 | 22575278 |
| indole alkaloids from geissospermum reticulatum. | ten indole alkaloids were isolated from geissospermum reticulatum, seven (1-7) from the leaves and three (8-10) from the bark. seven were aspidospermatan-type alkaloids (1-3, 5-9), including four (5-8) with a 1-oxa-3-cyclopentene group in their molecule, which we named geissospermidine subtype. compounds 1-3, 5-8, and 10 had not been reported previously as natural products, while 4 and 9 were the known alkaloids o-demethylaspidospermine and flavopereirine. their structures were determined by spe ... | 2012 | 22551062 |
| footprinting of inhibitor interactions of in silico identified inhibitors of trypanothione reductase of leishmania parasite. | structure-based virtual screening of nci diversity set ii compounds was performed to indentify novel inhibitor scaffolds of trypanothione reductase (tr) from leishmania infantum. the top 50 ranked hits were clustered using the auposom tool. majority of the top-ranked compounds were tricyclic. clustering of hits yielded four major clusters each comprising varying number of subclusters differing in their mode of binding and orientation in the active site. moreover, for the first time, we report se ... | 2012 | 22550471 |
| in vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities of selected medicinal plants used in the traditional arabian peninsular region. | worldwide particularly in developing countries, a large proportion of the population is at risk for tropical parasitic diseases. several medicinal plants are still used traditionally against protozoal infections in yemen and saudi arabia. thus the present study investigated the in vitro antiprotozoal activity of twenty-five plants collected from the arabian peninsula. | 2012 | 22520595 |
| canine skin and conjunctival swab samples for the detection and quantification of leishmania infantum dna in an endemic urban area in brazil. | we evaluated kdna pcr/hybridization and quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) targeting the gene of dna polymerase of leishmania infantum for cvl diagnosis and assessment of parasite load in clinical samples obtained invasively and non-invasively. | 2012 | 22506084 |
| higher expression of ccl2, ccl4, ccl5, ccl21, and cxcl8 chemokines in the skin associated with parasite density in canine visceral leishmaniasis. | the immune response in the skin of dogs infected with leishmania infantum is poorly understood, and limited studies have described the immunopathological profile with regard to distinct levels of tissue parasitism and the clinical progression of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl). | 2012 | 22506080 |
| interactions between brca2 and rad51 for promoting homologous recombination in leishmania infantum. | in most organisms, the primary function of homologous recombination (hr) is to allow genome protection by the faithful repair of dna double-strand breaks. the vital step of hr is the search for sequence homology, mediated by the rad51 recombinase, which is stimulated further by proteins mediators such as the tumor suppressor brca2. the biochemical interplay between rad51 and brca2 is unknown in leishmania or trypanosoma. here we show that the leishmania infantum brca2 protein possesses several c ... | 2012 | 22505581 |
| previous exposure to a low infectious dose of leishmania major exacerbates infection with leishmania infantum in the susceptible balb/c mouse. | the geographic distribution of leishmania major overlaps with several other species of leishmania. this study seeks to examine what effect previous exposure to l. major has on the outcome of infection with leishmania infantum, the agent of virulent visceral leishmaniasis. the l. major immune response is well characterized by a strong th1 response leading to resolution and protection against subsequent re-infection. a contrasting th2 immune response leads to disseminated disease, while the role t ... | 2012 | 22476599 |
| a reverse vaccinology approach for the identification of potential vaccine candidates from leishmania spp. | leishmaniasis is a group of diseases with a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from cutaneous ulcers to visceral leishmaniasis, which results from the bite of an infected sandfly to human. attempts to develop an effective vaccine have been shown to be feasible but no vaccine is in active clinical use. this study adopts a reverse vaccinology approach to identify common vaccine candidates from both highly pathogenic species leishmania major and leishmania infantum. total proteome of both ... | 2012 | 22434357 |
| characterization of leishmania infantum thiol-dependent reductase 1 and evaluation of its potential to induce immune protection. | the need to develop an effective vaccine against leishmaniasis to prevent the 2 million new cases each year led to the search for antigens able to elicit protection against infection with leishmania. in this study, we have characterized a parasite-specific protein of leishmania infantum named thiol-dependent reductase 1 (tdr1). the protein is present in both life cycle stages of l. infantum with a notable higher expression in the amastigote forms, suggesting a role in the interaction between the ... | 2012 | 22416787 |
| identification of a western blot pattern for the specific diagnosis of trypanosoma cruzi infection in human sera. | a western blot (wb) method using a lysate from trypanosoma cruzi (maracay strain) epimastigotes was evaluated. serum samples from 37 patients with confirmed chagas disease (cohort i), 27 spanish patients with visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum (cohort ii), and 28 colombian patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by l. panamensis and negative serology for chagas disease (cohort iii) were tested. the negative controls were 55 healthy seronegative subjects for t. cruzi and le ... | 2012 | 22403310 |
| in vitro evaluation of bisnaphthalimidopropyl derivatives loaded into pegylated nanoparticles against leishmania infantum protozoa. | bisnaphthalimidopropyl (bnip) derivatives have recently been shown to have potential as antileishmanial agents. however, these compounds have some drawbacks, including their low aqueous solubility and some toxic effects. in this study, we designed a drug delivery system for enhanced delivery of bnip derivative compounds whilst reducing adverse toxic effects, and hence increasing their biological efficacy. a coated drug delivery system based on polymeric nanoparticles of pegylated poly(lactic aci ... | 2012 | 22398197 |
| in vitro antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activity of 33 ethonopharmacologically selected medicinal plants from democratic republic of congo. | the antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activity of the aqueous extracts from 33 medicinal plants, used by traditional healers for the treatment of various parasitic diseases and collected after an ethnopharmacological inventory conducted in the bolongo area, bandundu province in dr congo, was evaluated. | 2012 | 22394563 |
| [oriental sore due to leishmania infantum (l. chagasi)]. | | 2012 | 22386680 |
| application of molecular techniques in the study of natural infection of leishmania infantum vectors and utility of sandfly blood meal digestion for epidemiological surveys of leishmaniasis. | epidemiological studies on the distribution of leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908 (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) have been based principally on serological surveys of the canine reservoir. this methodology is useful due to the facility of sampling, the rapidity in obtaining results, its consistency and because it allows the detection of heterogeneous foci of canine leishmaniasis (canl) even in small areas. other investigations have analysed leishmania parasitism in san ... | 2012 | 22382204 |
| first detection of leishmania infantum dna in phlebotomus longicuspis nitzulescu, 1930 from visceral leishmaniasis endemic focus in algeria. | two clinico-epidemiological forms of leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum complex are endemic in algeria: human visceral leishmaniasis (hvl) and sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis. in the northern part of the country, the kabylian region is the main endemic hvl focus with more than 200 cases recorded annually. during the summer of 2009, an entomological study was performed in larbaa nath irathen with the aim to identify the vectors of leishmania and of phleboviruses. in the present paper, w ... | 2012 | 22350715 |
| in vitro susceptibility to antimonials and amphotericin b of leishmania infantum strains isolated from dogs in a region lacking drug selection pressure. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to anti-leishmanial agents of 24 strains isolated from dogs living in the urban area of alger lacking drug selection pressure. two different leishmania infantum zymodemes, mon-1 and mon-281, were identified in these dogs. the in vitro susceptibility to the main forms of antimonial and amphotericin were assessed on promastigote and amastigote life stages in culture. the results obtained for both parasite life stages were concordant whatever ... | 2012 | 22349936 |
| high frequency of asymptomatic leishmania spp. infection among hiv-infected patients living in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. | this study aims at estimating the prevalence of leishmania infection among hiv-infected patients through the use of non-invasive tests. the study was conducted in three infectious diseases services in two large brazilian cities, both endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis. three hundred and eighty-one asymptomatic patients were enrolled whose ages ranged from 19 to 58 years old; 63.5% were men; mean tcd4+ was 380 cells/μl; and mean viral load was 153800 copies/ml. all individuals were tested f ... | 2012 | 22348817 |
| efficacy of 65% permethrin applied to dogs as a spot-on against phlebotomus perniciosus. | leishmania infantum is a protozoan parasite causing leishmaniosis, a visceral disease transmitted by the bites of sand flies. as the main reservoir of the parasite, dogs are the principal targets of control measures against this disease, which affects both humans and dogs. several studies have revealed the usefulness of topical insecticide treatment (collars, spot-ons and sprays) in reducing the incidence and prevalence of l. infantum. the present study was designed to test the efficacy of 65% p ... | 2012 | 22336773 |
| investigation of trypanothione reductase inhibitory activity by 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide derivatives and molecular docking studies. | the biological activities of a series of mesoionic 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide derivatives have been studied. the most active compounds (mi-hh; mi-3-och(3); mi-4-och(3) and mi-4-no(2)) were evaluated to determine their effect on trypanothione reductase (tryr) activity in leishmania sp. and trypanosoma cruzi. among the assayed compounds, only mi-4-no(2) showed enzyme inhibition effect on extracts from different cultures of parasites, which was confirmed using the recombinant enzyme from t. cruz ... | 2012 | 22304847 |
| impact of continuous axenic cultivation in leishmania infantum virulence. | experimental infections with visceral leishmania spp. are frequently performed referring to stationary parasite cultures that are comprised of a mixture of metacyclic and non-metacyclic parasites often with little regard to time of culture and metacyclic purification. this may lead to misleading or irreproducible experimental data. it is known that the maintenance of leishmania spp. in vitro results in a progressive loss of virulence that can be reverted by passage in a mammalian host. in the pr ... | 2012 | 22292094 |
| risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in cukurova region, turkey. | we conducted a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum outbreaks in villages in the cukurova region, south anatolia, turkey. 282 respondents from eight villages were interviewed using structured questionnaires. epidemiological and clinical characteristics, personal protection and knowledge of leishmania were analyzed. young people, aged from 5-19 years, were found to be the most endangered group of villagers. the concurrent presence o ... | 2012 | 22284721 |
| monoterpenic aldehydes as potential anti-leishmania agents: activity of cymbopogon citratus and citral on l. infantum, l. tropica and l. major. | in order to contribute for the search of new drugs for leishmaniasis, we study the susceptibility of leishmania infantum, leishmania tropica and leishmania major to cymbopogon citratus essential oil and major compounds, mrycene and citral. c. citratus and citral were the most active inhibiting l. infantum, l. tropica and l. major growth at ic(50) concentrations ranging from 25 to 52 μg/ml and from 34 to 42 μg/ml, respectively. l. infantum promastigotes exposed to essential oil and citral underwe ... | 2012 | 22227102 |
| aurones: a promising heterocyclic scaffold for the development of potent antileishmanial agents. | a series of (z)-2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3-(2h)-ones (aurones) bearing a variety of substituents on rings a and b were synthesized and evaluated for their antiparasitic activity against the intracellular amastigote form of leishmania infantum and their cytotoxicity against human thp1-differentiated macrophages. in general, aurones bearing no substituents on ring a (compounds 4a-4f) exhibit higher toxicity than aurones with 4,6-dimethoxy substitution (compounds 4g-4l). among the latter, two aurone ... | 2012 | 25374683 |
| inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on trypanothione reductase activity and leishmania infantum proliferation. | in leishmania the glutathione/glutathione reductase eukaryotic redox sys-tem is replaced by the unique trypanothione/trypanothione reductase (tr) system. in vitro, silver is a more effective tr inhibitor than antimony, the first line drug against leishmaniasis in most endemic countries, and its mechanism of inhibition is similar to that of sb(iii). in particular, silver binds with high affinity to the catalytic triad cys52, cys57, and his461', thereby inhibiting tr. here, ag(0) activity was test ... | 2011 | 24900299 |
| prevalence and geographic distribution of vector-borne pathogens in apparently healthy dogs in croatia. | vector-borne pathogens (vbps) are a group of globally extended and quickly spreading pathogens that are transmitted by various arthropod vectors. the aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence against babesia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, and ehrlichia canis in dogs in croatia. we investigated 435 randomly selected apparently healthy dogs in 13 different locations of croatia for antibodies to b. ca ... | 2017 | 28448211 |
| detection and identification of leishmania spp.: application of two hsp70-based pcr-rflp protocols to clinical samples from the new world. | leishmaniasis is highly prevalent in new world countries, where several methods are available for detection and identification of leishmania spp. two hsp70-based pcr protocols (pcr-n and pcr-f) and their corresponding restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) were applied for detection and identification of leishmania spp. in clinical samples recruited in colombia, guatemala, and honduras. a total of 93 cases were studied. the samples were classified into positive or suspected of leishman ... | 2017 | 28573463 |
| the current status of phlebotomine sand flies in albania and incrimination of phlebotomus neglectus (diptera, psychodidae) as the main vector of leishmania infantum. | the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in albania is higher than in other countries of southern europe, however the role of local sand fly species in the transmission of leishmania infantum was not addressed conclusively. in 2006, a country-wide collection of sand flies performed in 14 sites selected based on recent occurrence of vl cases showed that phlebotomus neglectus was by far the most prevalent species (95.6%). furthermore, 15% of pools made from 422 p. neglectus females tested posi ... | 2017 | 28628627 |
| eurasian golden jackal as host of canine vector-borne protists. | jackals are medium-sized canids from the wolf-like clade, exhibiting a unique combination of ancestral morphotypes, broad trophic niches, and close phylogenetic relationships with the wolf and dog. thus, they represent a potential host of several pathogens with diverse transmission routes. recently, populations of the eurasian golden jackal canis aureus have expanded into the western palaearctic, including most of europe. the aim of our study was to examine eurasian golden jackals from romania, ... | 2017 | 28410591 |
| leishmania infection in bats from a non-endemic region of leishmaniasis in brazil. | leishmaniasis is a complex of zoonotic diseases caused by parasites of the genus leishmania, which can develop in domestic as well as wild animals and humans throughout the world. currently, this disease is spreading in rural and urban areas of non-endemic regions in brazil. recently, bats have gained epidemiological significance in leishmaniasis due to its close relationship with human settlements. in this study, we investigated the presence of leishmania spp. dna in blood samples from 448 bats ... | 2017 | 28831941 |
| chemical composition of mentha pulegium and rosmarinus officinalis essential oils and their antileishmanial, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. | the aim of the study was the determination of the chemical composition of mentha pulegium l. and rosmarinus officinalis l. essential oils and the evaluation of their antileishmanial, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. essential oils (eos) were isolated using steam distillation and the chemical composition was determined using gc-ms analysis. the antibacterial activity was tested against ten pathogenic strains using the diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and the m ... | 2017 | 28821401 |
| zoonotic intestinal parasites and vector-borne pathogens in italian shelter and kennel dogs. | this study investigated the presence of zoonotic parasites and vector-borne pathogens in dogs housed in kennels and shelters from four sites of italy. a total of 150 adoptable dogs was examined with different microscopic, serological and molecular methods. overall 129 dogs (86%) were positive for one or more parasites and/or pathogens transmitted by ectoparasites. forty-eight (32%) were positive for one infection, while 81 (54%) for more than one pathogen. the most common zoonotic helminths reco ... | 2017 | 28504099 |
| occurrence of leishmania infantum in the central nervous system of naturally infected dogs: parasite load, viability, co-infections and histological alterations. | zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan leishmania infantum and little is known about the occurrence and pathogenesis of this parasite in the cns. the aims of this study were to evaluate the occurrence, viability and load of l. infantum in the cns, and to identify the neurological histological alterations associated with this protozoan and its co-infections in naturally infected dogs. forty-eight leishmania-seropositive dogs from which l. infantum was isolated after necropsy w ... | 2017 | 28419136 |
| optimized transitory ectopic expression of promastigote surface antigen protein in nicotiana benthamiana, a potential anti-leishmaniasis vaccine candidate. | in recent years, plants have been shown to be an efficient alternative expression system for high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines. however, constitutive expression of recombinant protein remains uncertain on their level of production and biological activity. to overcome these problems, transitory expression systems have been developed. here, a series of experiments were performed to determine the most effective conditions to enhance vaccine antigen transient accumulation in nicotiana bent ... | 2017 | 28803053 |
| anti-leishmania activity of new ruthenium(ii) complexes: effect on parasite-host interaction. | leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus leishmania. the many complications presented by the current treatment - including high toxicity, high cost and parasite resistance - make the development of new therapeutic agents indispensable. the present study aims to evaluate the anti-leishmania potential of new ruthenium(ii) complexes, cis‑[ru(ii)(η(2)-o2cr)(dppm)2]pf6, with dppm=bis(diphenylphosphino)methane and r=4-butylbenzoate (bbato) 1, 4-(methylthio)benzoate (mtbato) ... | 2017 | 28783554 |
| experimental mixed infection of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis and leishmania (l.) infantum in hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). | in south america, visceral leishmaniasis is frequently caused by leishmania infantum and, at an unknown frequency, by leishmania amazonensis. therefore, mixed infections with these organisms are possible. mixed infections might affect the clinical course, immune response, diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology of the disease. here we describe the clinical course of mixed infections with l. amazonensis and l. infantum in a hamster model. we show that mixed infections are associated with more sever ... | 2017 | 28487000 |
| the use of herbs against neglected diseases: evaluation of in vitro leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of stryphnodendron rotundifolium mart. | the evaluation of the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of stryphnodendron rotundifolium mart. (ehcsr) was carried out to find an alternative treatment for parasitic diseases. ehcsr was prepared and used at four different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125 μg/ml) in in vitro assays for activity against leishmania promastigotes using the species leishmania brasiliensis and leishmania infantum and for trypanocidal activity using the epimastigotes o ... | 2017 | 28855804 |
| sensitive molecular diagnostics for cutaneous leishmaniasis. | rapid diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and identification of leishmania species is highly important for the disease management. in israel, cl is caused mainly by leishmania major and leishmania tropica species. | 2017 | 28795077 |
| in vitro antileishmanial activity and iron superoxide dismutase inhibition of arylamine mannich base derivatives. | leishmaniasis is one of the world's most neglected diseases, and it has a worldwide prevalence of 12 million. there are no effective human vaccines for its prevention, and treatment is hampered by outdated drugs. therefore, research aiming at the development of new therapeutic tools to fight leishmaniasis remains a crucial goal today. with this purpose in mind, we present 20 arylaminoketone derivatives with a very interesting in vitro and in vivo efficacy against trypanosoma cruzi that have now ... | 2017 | 28789716 |
| multi-anti-parasitic activity of arylidene ketones and thiazolidene hydrazines against trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania spp. | a series of fifty arylideneketones and thiazolidenehydrazines was evaluated against leishmania infantum and leishmania braziliensis. furthermore, new simplified thiazolidenehydrazine derivatives were evaluated against trypanosoma cruzi. the cytotoxicity of the active compounds on non-infected fibroblasts or macrophages was established in vitro to evaluate the selectivity of their anti-parasitic effects. seven thiazolidenehydrazine derivatives and ten arylideneketones had good activity against th ... | 2017 | 28481276 |
| in vitro inhibition of leishmania attachment to sandfly midguts and ll-5 cells by divalent metal chelators, anti-gp63 and phosphoglycans. | leishmania braziliensis and leishmania infantum are the causative agents of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively. several aspects of the vector-parasite interaction involving gp63 and phosphoglycans have been individually assayed in different studies. however, their role under the same experimental conditions was not studied yet. here, the roles of divalent metal chelators, anti-gp63 antibodies and purified type i phosphoglycans (pgs) were evaluated during in vitro parasite attachm ... | 2017 | 28472733 |
| first record of lutzomyia (lutzomyia) longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) on the trinational frontier (brazil-peru-bolivia) of south-western amazonia. | in south america, the main sand fly species involved in the transmission of leishmania infantum chagasi (cunha & chagas, 1937), etiological agent of the visceral leishmaniasis (vl), is lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912). the species has been recorded in colombia, venezuela, bolivia, argentina, paraguay, uruguay, and brazil, where it is recorded in 24 of the 27 brazilian states, except acre, amazonas, and santa catarina. collections were carried out for one year (april 2013 to march 2014) ... | 2017 | 28453779 |
| f1 domain of the leishmania (leishmania) donovani nucleoside hydrolase promotes a th1 response in leishmania (leishmania) infantum cured patients and in asymptomatic individuals living in an endemic area of leishmaniasis. | the leishmania (leishmania) donovani nucleoside hydrolase nh36 is the main antigen of the leishmune(®) vaccine and one of the promising candidates for vaccination against visceral leishmaniasis. the antigenicity of the n-terminal (f1), the central (f2), or the c-terminal recombinant domain (f3) of nh36 was evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from individuals infected with l. (l.) infantum from an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis of spain. both nh36 and f1 domains sign ... | 2017 | 28747911 |
| in vitro effects of purine and pyrimidine analogues on leishmania donovani and leishmania infantum promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. | inhibition of parasite metabolic pathways is a rationale for new chemotherapeutic strategies. the pyrimidine and purine salvage pathways are thus targets against leishmania donovani and l. infantum, causative agents of visceral human leishmaniasis and canine leishmaniosis. the antiproliferative effect of the pyrimidine analogues cytarabine and 5-fluorouracil and of the purine analogues azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine was evaluated in vitro on the promastigote and the intracellular amastigote s ... | 2017 | 28682767 |
| ifn-γ, il-2, ip-10, and mig as biomarkers of exposure to leishmania spp., and of cure in human visceral leishmaniasis. | new biomarkers are needed for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (vl). they might also improve the detection of the asymptomatic population in leishmania-endemic areas. this paper examines the il-2, ifn-γ, ifn-γ-induced protein 10 (ip-10), and monokine-induced-by-ifn-γ (mig) levels in whole blood-stimulated in vitro with soluble leishmania antigen (sla)-taken from asymptomatic individuals and patients treated for vl living in a post-outbreak (leishmania infantum ... | 2017 | 28620584 |
| leishmaniasis in turkey: visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani in turkey. | in turkey, the main causative agents are leishmania tropica (l. tropica) and leishmania infantum (l. infantum) for cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and l. infantum for visceral leishmaniasis (vl). in this study, we investigated leishmaniasis cases caused by l. donovani and established animal models for understanding its tropism in in vivo conditions. clinical samples (lesion aspirations and bone marrow) obtained from cl/vl patients were investigated using parasitological (smear/nnn) and dna-based te ... | 2017 | 28587839 |
| molecular signatures of neutrophil extracellular traps in human visceral leishmaniasis. | infections with parasites of the leishmania donovani complex result in clinical outcomes that range from asymptomatic infection to severe and fatal visceral leishmaniasis (vl). neutrophils are major players of the immune response against leishmania, but their contribution to distinct states of infection is unknown. gene expression data suggest the activation of the netosis pathway during human visceral leishmaniasis. thus, we conducted an exploratory study to evaluate net-related molecules in re ... | 2017 | 28583201 |
| prediction and analysis of promiscuous t cell-epitopes derived from the vaccine candidate antigens of leishmania donovani binding to mhc class-ii alleles using in silico approach. | visceral leishmaniasis is a dreadful infectious disease and caused by the intracellular protozoan parasites, leishmania donovani and leishmania infantum. despite extensive efforts for developing effective prophylactic vaccine, still no vaccine is available against leishmaniasis. however, advancement in immunoinformatics methods generated new dimension in peptide based vaccine development. the present study was aimed to identify t-cell epitopes from the vaccine candidate antigens like lipophospho ... | 2017 | 28549876 |
| combined treatment of miltefosine and paromomycin delays the onset of experimental drug resistance in leishmania infantum. | since miltefosine monotherapy against visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania donovani has been discontinued in the indian subcontinent due to an increase in the number of treatment failures, single dose liposomal amphotericin b is now advocated as a treatment option of choice. paromomycin-miltefosine combination therapy can be used as substitute first-line treatment in regions without cold-chain potential. previous laboratory studies in the closely related species leishmania infantum h ... | 2017 | 28505185 |
| 7-substituted 2-nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazines: novel antitubercular agents lead to a new preclinical candidate for visceral leishmaniasis. | within a backup program for the clinical investigational agent pretomanid (pa-824), scaffold hopping from delamanid inspired the discovery of a novel class of potent antitubercular agents that unexpectedly possessed notable utility against the kinetoplastid disease visceral leishmaniasis (vl). following the identification of delamanid analogue dndi-vl-2098 as a vl preclinical candidate, this structurally related 7-substituted 2-nitro-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine class was further explor ... | 2017 | 28459575 |
| what pre-columbian mummies could teach us about south american leishmaniases? | a recent report on the taxonomic profile of the human gut microbiome in pre-columbian mummies (santiago-rodriguez et al. 2016) gives for the first time evidence of the presence of leishmania dna (sequences similar to leishmania donovani according to the authors) that can be reminiscent of visceral leishmaniasis during the pre-columbian era. it is commonly assumed that leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) was introduced into the new world by the iber ... | 2017 | 28423167 |
| comparison of recombinant proteins of kinesin 39, heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 83, and glycoprotein 63 for antibody detection of leishmania martiniquensis infection. | leishmania martiniquensis, a zoonotic hemoflagellate, is a causative agent of cutaneous (cl) and visceral leishmaniasis (vl) among humans and animals. this organism, first reported in martinique island, now has become an emerging infectious agent in thailand. symptomatic cases of l. martiniquensis infection among humans have continuously increased. in the meantime, asymptomatic infection of this novel species has seriously created national public health awareness and concern to prevent and contr ... | 2017 | 28370779 |
| structural and evolutionary analyses of leishmania alba proteins. | the alba superfamily proteins share a common rna-binding domain. these proteins participate in a variety of regulatory pathways by controlling developmental gene expression. they also interact with ribosomal subunits, translation factors, and other rna-binding proteins. the leishmania infantum genome encodes two alba-domain proteins, lialba1 and lialba3. in this work, we used homology modeling, protein-protein docking, and molecular dynamics (md) simulations to explore the details of the alba1-a ... | 2017 | 28847609 |