Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| stability and toxicity of heteroleptic organometallic bi(v) complexes towards leishmania major. | eleven heteroleptic bi(v) complexes of the form [biph3(o2cr)2] have been synthesised and fully characterised. the carboxylate ligands are derived from a series of simple substituted benzoic acids, four of which are common non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (nsaids). the solid-state structures of eight of the complexes were determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction, and all were shown to adopt a typical trigonal bipyramidal geometry with chelating carboxylate ligands. nine of the complexes we ... | 2014 | 25019320 |
| comparison of immune regulatory factors in acute and chronic lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania major. | adaptive immune response is an important factor in the healing process and development of protection in cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). little information is available in human cl about the importance of the balance between effector and regulatory immune responses. therefore, the aim of this study was to asses messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) expression of interleukin-10 (il-10), il-4, transforming growth factor-β1 (tgf-β1), interferon-g (ifn-γ), and forkhead box p3 (foxp3) (as a marker of regula ... | 2014 | 25002892 |
| diversity of leishmania species and of strains of leishmania major isolated from desert rodents in different foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is a polymorphic disease which may show various symptoms. genetic diversity of the parasite is suggested to be one of the factors influencing the clinical manifestation of the disease. | 2014 | 24980555 |
| antifungal, antileishmanial, and cytotoxicity activities of various extracts of berberis vulgaris (berberidaceae) and its active principle berberine. | in this study, in vitro antidermatophytic activity against trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton rubrum, microsporum canis, and microsporum gypseum was studied by disk diffusion test and assessment of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) using clsi broth macrodilution method (m38-a2). moreover, antileishmanial and cytotoxicity activity of b. vulgaris and berberine against promastigotes of leishmania major and leishmania tropica were evaluated by colorimetric mtt assay. the findings indicat ... | 2014 | 24977052 |
| in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of calendula officinalis flowers, datura stramonium seeds, and salvia officinalis leaves. | the anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of calendula officinalis flowers, datura stramonium seeds, and salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular (promastigote) and intracellular (amastigote) forms of leishmania major were evaluated in this study. | 2014 | 24969522 |
| immune modulating effects of nkt cells in a physiologically low dose leishmania major infection model after αgalcer analog pbs57 stimulation. | leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection affecting ∼12 million people worldwide, mostly in developing countries. treatment options are limited and no effective vaccines exist to date. natural killer t (nkt) cells are a conserved innate-like lymphocyte population with immunomodulating effects in various settings. a number of reports state a role of nkt cells in different models of leishmania infection. here, we investigated the effect of nkt cells in a physiologically relevant, intradermal low dose ... | 2014 | 24967701 |
| comorbidity of leishmania major with cutaneous sarcoidosis. | leishmaniasis infection might manifest as sarcoidosis; on the other hand, some evidences propose an association between sarcoidosis and leishmaniasis. most of the times, it is impossible to discriminate idiopathic sarcoidosis from leishmaniasis by conventional histopathologic exam. | 2014 | 24891680 |
| effect of aqueous allium cepa and ixora brachiata root extract on leishmania major promastigotes. | leishmaniasis is a major worldwide public health problem with about two to three million humans threatened by this disease annually. allium cepa (onion) is an important dietary vegetable and was used as a herbal medicine for centuries. the root of ixora brachiata is medicinally important. | 2014 | 24872942 |
| human dendritic cells exhibit a pronounced type i ifn signature following leishmania major infection that is required for il-12 induction. | leishmania major-infected human dendritic cells (dcs) exhibit a marked induction of il-12, ultimately promoting a robust th1-mediated response associated with parasite killing and protective immunity. the host cell transcription machinery associated with the specific il-12 induction observed during l. major infection remains to be thoroughly elucidated. in this study, we used affymetrix genechip (affymetrix) to globally assess the host cell genes and pathways associated with early l. major infec ... | 2014 | 24808365 |
| use of topical liposomes containing meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) for the treatment of l. major lesion in balb/c mice. | treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a dream for the patients, health care authorities and scientists. the aim of this study was to develop a topical liposomal meglumine antimoniate (ma, glucantime™) (lip-ma) formulation and evaluate the therapeutic effects of the preparation on lesion induced by leishmania major in balb/c mice. liposomes containing 22.5% ma (6.4% sb(+5)) with and without oleic acid (lma-oa and lma) were formulated using fusion method plus homogenization and characterize ... | 2014 | 24780938 |
| f₁ cross-breed between susceptible balb/c and resistant swiss mice infected with leishmania major exhibit an intermediate phenotype for lesion sizes and type 1 cytokines but show low level of total igg antibodies. | our current understanding of the host immune response during leishmaniases largely derives from studies performed in mice due to the intrusive techniques required to study infected human patients. swiss mice are highly resistant to leishmania infections in concordance with observed response in humans, while balb/c mice indicate a high-susceptibility phenotype. developing a cross-breed between balb/c and swiss mice may have important consequences on disease development, immune responses and paras ... | 2014 | 24498914 |
| absence of metalloprotease gp63 alters the protein content of leishmania exosomes. | protozoan parasites of leishmania genus are able to successfully infect their host macrophage due to multiple virulence strategies that result in its deactivation. recent studies suggest leishmania gp63 to be a critical virulence factor in modulation of many macrophage molecules, including protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptps) and transcription factors (tfs). additionally, we and others recently reported that leishmania-released exosomes can participate in pathogenesis. exosomes are 40-100 nm ves ... | 2014 | 24736445 |
| first report of natural infection in hedgehogs with leishmania major, a possible reservoir of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in algeria. | we report here the first known cases of natural infection of hedgehogs with leishmania major. cutaneous leishmaniasis is an important public health problem in the area of m'sila, a semi-arid province in algeria's northern sahara, where two species of hedgehog live, atelerix algirus and paraechinus aethiopicus. the aim of this research was to survey leishmania infection in these hedgehogs and evaluate whether they were reservoir hosts of leishmania in an endemic zoonotic focus of leishmaniasis. s ... | 2014 | 24699087 |
| human polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce cytokines in response to leishmania major promastigotes. | polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) release cytokines that may influence the development of the subsequent adaptive immune response. little is known about cytokines produced by human pmn in response to leishmania (l.). in this study, mrna expression of interleukin (il)-12p40, il-12p35, interferon (ifn)-γ, transforming growth factor (tgf)-β, il-1, and il-4 in pmn of volunteers stimulated with l. major promastigotes has been investigated by real-time pcr and the results were confirmed by flow cytom ... | 2014 | 24698213 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of rodent bait treated with fipronil for feed through and systemic control of phlebotomus papatasi. | the sand fly phlebotomus papatasi is the main vector of leishmania major, etiologic agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl), which is endemic in north africa, the middle east, and asia. in north africa, meriones shawi is one of the two main reservoir hosts of l. major. p. papatasi populations are maintained in borrowing rodents such as m. shawi. three fipronil-treated rodent baits were evaluated for systemic and feed through insecticidal activity against p. papatasi feeding on m. shawi. ... | 2014 | 24681222 |
| cross-presenting dendritic cells are required for control of leishmania major infection. | leishmania major infection induces self-healing cutaneous lesions in c57bl/6 mice. both il-12 and ifn-γ are essential for the control of infection. we infected jun dimerization protein p21snft (batf3(-/-) ) mice (c57bl/6 background) that lack the major il-12 producing and cross-presenting cd8α(+) and cd103(+) dc subsets. batf3(-/-) mice displayed enhanced susceptibility with larger lesions and higher parasite burden. additionally, cells from draining lymph nodes of infected batf3(-/-) mice secre ... | 2014 | 24643576 |
| immunostimulatory responses to crude extracts of warburgia ugandensis (sprague) subsp ugandensis (canellaceae) by balb/c mice infected with leishmania major. | to determine the immunostimulatory potential of crude extracts of warburgia ugandensis subsp. ugandensis with a soluble leishmanial antigen in vaccinating balb/c mice. | 2014 | 24624248 |
| immunogenicity evaluation of a rationally designed polytope construct encoding hla-a*0201 restricted epitopes derived from leishmania major related proteins in hla-a2/dr1 transgenic mice: steps toward polytope vaccine. | there are several reports demonstrating the role of cd8 t cells against leishmania species. therefore peptide vaccine might represent an effective approach to control the infection. we developed a rational polytope-dna construct encoding immunogenic hla-a2 restricted peptides and validated the processing and presentation of encoded epitopes in a preclinical mouse model humanized for the mhc-class-i and ii. | 2014 | 25310094 |
| [clinical, epidemiological and evolutionary aspects in 157 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in morocco]. | 2014 | 25309671 | |
| [four cutaneous leishmaniosis case resistant to meglumine antimoniate treatment]. | the aim of the study was to treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by meglumine antimoniate resistant leishmania major with lucilia sericata larvae. | 2014 | 25308455 |
| the efficacy of hydro alcoholic extract of seidlitzia rosmarinus on experimental zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions in murine model. | leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic infectious diseases in the world. since last century, many efforts have been made to control and treat the disease, but appropriate vaccines, pesticides and medicines are not available or even eligible. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of seidlitzia rosmarinus on the lesions of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in balb/c mice. | 2014 | 25386402 |
| a study to investigate the biological activity of proteoglycan mixture extract from convolvulus arvensis. | convolvulus arvensis l. (convolvulaceae), bindweeds, is inhabitant to iran and its proteoglycan mixture (pgm) has been reported to possess different biological activities. in the present study, we aimed to investigate different properties of pgm including anti-tumor, anti-angiogenesis and immunostimulatory activities. | 2014 | 25324459 |
| investigation of caspase-1 activity and interleukin-1β production in murine macrophage cell lines infected with leishmania major. | to investigate the caspase-1 dependent inflammatory pathway activity and interleukin-1β (il-1β) secretion in murine macrophage cell lines j774g8 infected with leishmania major (l. major) using caspase-1 activity assay and elisa. | 2014 | 25312194 |
| electrostatic channeling in p. falciparum dhfr-ts: brownian dynamics and smoluchowski modeling. | we perform brownian dynamics simulations and smoluchowski continuum modeling of the bifunctional plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (p. falciparum dhfr-ts) with the objective of understanding the electrostatic channeling of dihydrofolate generated at the ts active site to the dhfr active site. the results of brownian dynamics simulations and smoluchowski continuum modeling suggest that compared to leishmania major dhfr-ts, p. falciparum dhfr-ts has a lower but sig ... | 2014 | 25418308 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in basrah villages, south iraq. | cl in iraq is caused by both leishmania major and leishmania tropica. marshes villages of basrah province south iraq are regarded as a rural area. a total of 35 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases 12 (34.28%) females and 23(65.71%) males were clinically registered from april 2013 to march 2014 in health care center of basrah marshes villages, south of iraq are reported and investigated. all patients were parasitologically confirmed by stained smears and culture, the main clinical features were ulcerat ... | 2014 | 25643501 |
| induction of oxidative stress in skin and lung of infected balb/c mice with iranian strain of leishmania major (mrho/ir/75/er). | the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leishmania major infection on the induction of oxidative stress in skin and lung of female mice. | 2014 | 25642261 |
| in vitro study on cytotoxic effects of zno nanoparticles on promastigote and amastigote forms of leishmania major (mrho/ir/75/er). | although pentavalent antimony compounds are used as antileishmanial drugs but they are associated with limitations and several adverse complications. therefore, always effort to find a new and effective treatment is desired. in this study, the effect of zno nanoparticles with mean particle size of 20 nanometers (nm) on leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes was evaluated. | 2014 | 25642254 |
| development of an ex vivo lymph node explant model for identification of novel molecules active against leishmania major. | leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic infection affecting people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. current treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis are difficult to administer, toxic, expensive, and limited in effectiveness and availability. here we describe the development and application of a medium-throughput screening approach to identify new drug candidates for cutaneous leishmaniasis using an ex vivo lymph node explant culture (elec) derived from the draining lymph nodes o ... | 2014 | 24126577 |
| [is the agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in sanliurfa changing? first cases of leishmania major]. | today, almost 2 million new leishmaniasis cases are noted annually; 1.5 million of these are cutaneous (cl), and others are visceral leishmaniasis (vl). in sanliurfa, cl cases caused by leishmania tropica but not by other agents such as l. infantum and l. major. l. tropica is a unique parasite species in sanliurfa and is the causative agent of anthroponotic cl (transmitted from human to vector to human). our aim was to report 3 new cl cases due to l. major ( 2 autochthonous and 1 imported) ident ... | 2014 | 25732888 |
| p-glycoprotein a gene expression in glucantime-resistant and sensitive leishmania major (mrho/ir/75/er). | leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by different species of leishmania parasites with a wide range of clinical manifestations. antimonial compounds such as meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) are the first line drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis. however, according to reports of the drug resistance of parasites, the efficacy of antimonial compounds is low. the atp-binding cassette (abc) proteins are present in all organisms and mediate the transport of vital elements through biologi ... | 2014 | 25678928 |
| evaluation of alum-naltrexone adjuvant activity, on efficacy of anti-leishmania immunization with autoclaved leishmania major (mrho/ir/75/er) antigens in balb/c mice. | naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist shifts the immune response toward a th1 profile. in the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of the mixture of ntx and alum, as a new adjuvant, to enhance immune response and induce protection against leishmania major in a mouse model. | 2014 | 25678914 |
| molecular survey on detection of leishmania infection in rodent reservoirs in jahrom district, southern iran. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is endemic in many parts of iran. recently its incidence is considerable in different parts of jahrom district, in fars province, southern iran. the aims of our study were to investigate the prevalence of leishmania infection, and identify and characterize the leishmania species present, among the rodents by molecular methods in a new endemic focus of zcl, in an urban and rural area of the jahrom district, fars province, southern iran. | 2014 | 26114127 |
| identification and phylogenetic relationship of iranian strains of various leishmania species isolated from cutaneous and visceral cases of leishmaniasis based on n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase gene. | the identity of iranian leishmania species has been resolved to some extent by some genetic markers. in this study, based on n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase (nagt) gene, we further elucidated the identity and phylogeny of the prevalent species in this country. dnas of 121 isolates belonging to cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) patients, canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) cases, and rhombomys opimus rodents were amplified by targeting a partial sequence of nagt gene. all the amplicons wer ... | 2014 | 24911282 |
| activity of thymus capitellatus volatile extract, 1,8-cineole and borneol against leishmania species. | in the search for new leishmanicidal agents, thymus capitellatus hoffmanns. & link (family lamiaceae) volatile extract and its major compounds, 1,8-cineole and borneol, were tested against leishmania infantum, leishmania tropica and leishmania major. plant volatile extract (essential oil) was analysed by gc and gc-ms and the activity of essential oil on leishmania promastigotes viability was assessed using tetrazolium-dye colorimetric method (mtt). the mtt test was also used to assess the cytoto ... | 2014 | 24365244 |
| in vitro screening test using leishmania promastigotes stably expressing mcherry protein. | transgenic leishmania major and leishmania donovani axenic promastigotes constitutively expressing mcherry were used for in vitro antileishmanial drug screening. this method requires minimal sample manipulation and can be easily adapted to automatic drug tests, allowing primary high-throughput screenings without the need for expensive and sophisticated instruments. | 2014 | 24395225 |
| dna-protein immunization using leishmania peroxidoxin-1 induces a strong cd4+ t cell response and partially protects mice from cutaneous leishmaniasis: role of fusion murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor dna adjuvant. | to date, no universally effective and safe vaccine has been developed for general human use. leishmania donovani peroxidoxin-1 (ldpxn-1) is a member of the antioxidant family of proteins and is predominantly expressed in the amastigote stage of the parasite. the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of ldpxn-1 in balb/c mice in heterologous dna-protein immunization regimen in the presence of fusion murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mg ... | 2014 | 25500571 |
| the emergence of leishmania major and leishmania donovani in southern turkey. | in southern turkey, leishmania tropica and l. infantum are both the causative agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and visceral leishmaniasis (vl), respectively. however, l. major and l. donovani were known to exist after the influx of syrian refugees. | 2014 | 24449479 |
| [a boy with an unexpected souvenir from morocco]. | a 12-year-old boy returned from a summer holiday in north morocco with a slowly progressive erythematous, infiltrated plaque with a central crust on his right cheek. we diagnosed this as cutaneous leishmaniasis. treatment for leishmania major infection failed; subsequent pcr species typing revealed leishmania infantum. this case shows the importance of recognition of parasitic skin diseases in travellers to the nearby subtropics and the value of leishmania species typing. | 2014 | 25227885 |
| lipophilization of ascorbic acid: a monolayer study and biological and antileishmanial activities. | ascorbyl lipophilic derivatives (asc-c2 to asc-c(18:1)) were synthesized in a good yield using lipase from staphylococcus xylosus produced in our laboratory and immobilized onto silica aerogel. results showed that esterification had little effect on radical-scavenging capacity of purified ascorbyl esters using dpph assay in ethanol. however, long chain fatty acid esters displayed higher protection of target lipids from oxidation. moreover, compared to ascorbic acid, synthesized derivatives exhib ... | 2014 | 25148258 |
| heterogeneity of molecular resistance patterns in antimony-resistant field isolates of leishmania species from the western mediterranean area. | antimonials remain the first-line treatment for the various manifestations of leishmaniasis in most areas where the disease is endemic, and increasing cases of therapeutic failure associated with parasite resistance have been reported. in this study, we assessed the molecular status of 47 clinical isolates of leishmania causing visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis from algeria, tunisia, and southern france. in total, we examined 14 genes that have been shown to exhibit significant variations in ... | 2014 | 24913173 |
| structure-based design of potent and selective leishmania n-myristoyltransferase inhibitors. | inhibitors of leishmania n-myristoyltransferase (nmt), a potential target for the treatment of leishmaniasis, obtained from a high-throughput screen, were resynthesized to validate activity. crystal structures bound to leishmania major nmt were obtained, and the active diastereoisomer of one of the inhibitors was identified. on the basis of structural insights, enzyme inhibition was increased 40-fold through hybridization of two distinct binding modes, resulting in novel, highly potent leishmani ... | 2014 | 25238611 |
| the current status of cutaneous leishmaniasis in morocco. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a public health problem on a global level because it affects the population of 88 countries. in morocco, it is widely distributed, caused by leishmania tropica, leishmania major and leishmania infantum rarely. the geographical distribution of different forms of leishmaniasis in morocco is linked to well described bioclimatic zones. over the past two decades, the epidemiological situation of cl has changed significantly. it acquire an increasingly epidemic status w ... | 2014 | 24659693 |
| diverse modes of binding in structures of leishmania major n-myristoyltransferase with selective inhibitors. | the leishmaniases are a spectrum of global diseases of poverty associated with immune dysfunction and are the cause of high morbidity. despite the long history of these diseases, no effective vaccine is available and the currently used drugs are variously compromised by moderate efficacy, complex side effects and the emergence of resistance. it is therefore widely accepted that new therapies are needed. n-myristoyltransferase (nmt) has been validated pre-clinically as a target for the treatment ... | 2014 | 25075346 |
| leishmania genome analysis and high-throughput immunological screening identifies tuzin as a novel vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by leishmania species. it is a major health concern affecting 88 countries and threatening 350 million people globally. unfortunately, there are no vaccines and there are limitations associated with the current therapeutic regimens for leishmaniasis. the emerging cases of drug-resistance further aggravate the situation, demanding rapid drug and vaccine development. the genome sequence of leishmania, provides access to novel genes that hold pot ... | 2014 | 24814525 |
| 4-amino bis-pyridinium derivatives as novel antileishmanial agents. | the antileishmanial activity of a series of bis-pyridinium derivatives that are analogues of pentamidine have been investigated, and all compounds assayed were found to display activity against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of leishmania donovani and leishmania major, with 50% effective concentrations (ec50s) lower than 1 μm in most cases. the majority of compounds showed similar behavior in both leishmania species, being slightly more active against l. major amastigotes. however, ... | 2014 | 24798287 |
| role of the trypanosoma brucei hen1 family methyltransferase in small interfering rna modification. | parasitic protozoa of the flagellate order kinetoplastida represent one of the deepest branches of the eukaryotic tree. among this group of organisms, the mechanism of rna interference (rnai) has been investigated in trypanosoma brucei and to a lesser degree in leishmania (viannia) spp. the pathway is triggered by long double-stranded rna (dsrna) and in t. brucei requires a set of five core genes, including a single argonaute (ago) protein, t. brucei ago1 (tbago1). the five genes are conserved i ... | 2014 | 24186950 |
| phytochemistry and antileishmanial activity of the leaf latex of aloe calidophila reynolds. | leishmaniasis is a major protozoal disease threatening the lives of 350 million people throughout the world. however, the therapeutic options for the disease are limited. in the present study, the antiprotozoal activity of the latex obtained from the ethiopian plant aloe calidophila reynolds was evaluated by in vitro testing against leishmania aethiopica and leishmania major. it was found that the latex possesses moderate activity against both parasites with ic50 values of 64.05 and 82.29 µg/ml, ... | 2014 | 25066209 |
| s-nitrosoglutathione (gsno) is cytotoxic to intracellular amastigotes and promotes healing of topically treated leishmania major or leishmania braziliensis skin lesions-authors' response. | 2014 | 24948707 | |
| comment on: s-nitrosoglutathione (gsno) is cytotoxic to intracellular amastigotes and promotes healing of topically treated leishmania major or leishmania braziliensis skin lesions. | 2014 | 24777905 | |
| leishmania major possesses a unique hemg-type protoporphyrinogen ix oxidase. | leishmania major was proposed to either utilize haem from its host or partially synthesize the tetrapyrrole from host provided precursors. however, only indirect evidence was available for this partial late haem biosynthetic pathway. here, we demonstrate that the lmjf_06_1280 gene of l. major encodes a hemg-type ppo (protoporphyrinogen ix oxidase) catalysing the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen ix to protoporphyrin ix. interestingly, trypanosomatids are currently the only known eukaryotes possess ... | 2014 | 24962471 |
| a draft genome of the honey bee trypanosomatid parasite crithidia mellificae. | since 2006, honey bee colonies in north america and europe have experienced increased annual mortality. these losses correlate with increased pathogen incidence and abundance, though no single etiologic agent has been identified. crithidia mellificae is a unicellular eukaryotic honey bee parasite that has been associated with colony losses in the usa and belgium. c. mellificae is a member of the family trypanosomatidae, which primarily includes other insect-infecting species (e.g., the bumble be ... | 2014 | 24743507 |
| design and synthesis of new potent inhibitors of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. | predictive qsar models for the inhibition activities of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (n-bps) against farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (fpps) from leishmania major (lefpps) were developed using a data set of 97 compounds. the qsar models were developed through the use of artificial neural networks and random forest learning procedures. the predictive ability of the models was tested by means of leave-one-out cross-validation; q(2)values ranging from 0.45-0.79 were obtained for the regressio ... | 2014 | 24818603 |
| microbial transformation of nandrolone with cunninghamella echinulata and cunninghamella blakesleeana and evaluation of leishmaniacidal activity of transformed products. | therapeutic potential of nandrolone and its derivatives against leishmaniasis has been studied. a number of derivatives of nandrolone (1) were synthesized through biotransformation. microbial transformation of nandrolone (1) with cunninghamella echinulata and cunninghamella blakesleeana yielded three new metabolites, 10β,12β,17β-trihydroxy-19-nor-4-androsten-3-one (2), 10β,16α,17β-trihydroxy-19-nor-4-androsten-3-one (3), and 6β,10β,17β-trihydroxy-19-nor-4-androsten-3-one (4), along with four kno ... | 2014 | 25014252 |
| in vitro evaluation of influenza m2 and leishmania major hsp70 (221-604) chimer protein. | permanent antigenic variation of influenza viruses causes a major concern to develop an effective human influenza vaccine. conserved antigens are new vaccine candidates because it is not necessary to match the prepared vaccine with circulating strains. ion channel m2 protein is conserved among all influenza a viruses, allowing the virus to enter host cells. | 2014 | 25485058 |
| role of protein kinase r in the killing of leishmania major by macrophages in response to neutrophil elastase and tlr4 via tnfα and ifnβ. | in cutaneous leishmaniasis, leishmania amazonensis activates macrophage double-stranded, rna-activated protein kinase r (pkr) to promote parasite growth. in our study, leishmania major grew normally in raw cells, raw-expressing dominant-negative pkr (pkr-dn) cells, and macrophages of pkr-knockout mice, revealing that pkr is dispensable for l. major growth in macrophages. pkr activation in infected macrophages with poly i:c resulted in parasite death. fifty percent of l. major-knockout lines for ... | 2014 | 24732131 |
| in vitro and in vivo efficacy of novel flavonoid dimers against cutaneous leishmaniasis. | treatment of leishmaniasis by chemotherapy remains a challenge because of limited efficacy, toxic side effects, and drug resistance. we previously reported that synthetic flavonoid dimers have potent antipromastigote and antiamastigote activity against leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. here, we further investigate their leishmanicidal activities against cutaneous leishmania species. one of the flavonoid dimers (compound 39) has marked antipromastigote (50% inhib ... | 2014 | 24687505 |
| activity of anti-cancer protein kinase inhibitors against leishmania spp. | there is an urgent need to develop new and effective treatments for poverty-related neglected diseases. in light of the time required to bring a new drug to market and the cost involved (10-15 years, >1 billion us$), one approach to identifying new treatments for diseases like leishmaniasis is to evaluate drugs that are already registered for the treatment of other diseases. this paper describes the anti-leishmanial activities of 10 fda-approved protein kinase inhibitors already available for th ... | 2014 | 24668412 |
| cross-protective effect of a combined l5 plus l3 leishmania major ribosomal protein based vaccine combined with a th1 adjuvant in murine cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. | two leishmania major ribosomal proteins l3 (lml3) and l5 (lml5) have been described as protective molecules against cutaneous leishmaniasis due to infection with l. major and leishmania braziliensis in balb/c mice when immunized with a th1 adjuvant (non-methylated cpg-oligodeoxynucleotides; cpg-odn). in the present study we analyzed the cross-protective efficacy of an lml3-lml5-cpg odn combined vaccine against infection with leishmania amazonensis and leishmania chagasi (syn. leishmania infantum ... | 2014 | 24382098 |
| a2 and other visceralizing proteins of leishmania: role in pathogenesis and application for vaccine development. | visceral leishmaniasis is a re-emergent disease and a significant cause of morbidity worldwide. amongst the more than 20 leishmania species, leishmania donovani, leishmania infantum and more rarely leishmania amazonensis are associated with visceral leishmaniasis. a major question in leishmaniasis research is how these species migrate to and infect visceral organs whereas other species such as leishmania major and leishmania braziliensis remain in the skin, causing tegumentary leishmaniasis. her ... | 2014 | 24264241 |
| constitutive mosaic aneuploidy is a unique genetic feature widespread in the leishmania genus. | using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we determined the ploidy of four species of leishmania: leishmania infantum, leishmania donovani, leishmania tropica and leishmania amazonensis. we found that each cell in a strain possesses a combination of mono-, di- and trisomies for all chromosomes; ploidy patterns were different among all strains/species. these results extend those we previously described in leishmania major, demonstrating that mosaic aneuploidy is a genetic feature widespread to th ... | 2014 | 24120456 |
| genetic variation in rpoiils gene encoding rna polymerase ii largest subunit from leishmania major. | leishmaniasis is a geographically widespread severe disease which includes visceral leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). there are 350 million people at risk in over 80 countries. in the old world, cl is usually caused by leishmania major, leishmania tropica, and leishmania aethiopica complex which 90 % of cases occurring in afghanistan, algeria, iran, iraq, saudi arabia, syria, brazil, and peru. recently, some reports showed that some strains of l. major have internal transcribed space ... | 2014 | 24452714 |
| tryparedoxin peroxidase of leishmania braziliensis: homology modeling and inhibitory effects of flavonoids for anti-leishmanial activity. | inhibition of the tryparedoxin peroxidase interaction has been becomes a new therapeutic strategy in leishmaniasis. docking analysis was carried out to study the effects of quercetin and taxifolin on tryparedoxin peroxidase (tryp). tryparedoxin peroxidase of trypanosomatidae functions as antioxidants through their peroxidase and peroxynitrite reductase activities. the 3d models of tryparedoxin peroxidase of leishmania braziliensis (l. braziliensis tryp) was modeled using the template tryparedoxi ... | 2014 | 25097378 |
| development and validation of four leishmania species constitutively expressing gfp protein. a model for drug discovery and disease pathogenesis studies. | green fluorescent protein (gfp)-parasite transfectants have been widely used as a tool for studying disease pathogenesis in several protozoan models and their application in drug screening assays has increased rapidly. in the past decade, the expression of gfp has been established in several leishmania species, mostly for in vitro studies. the current work reports generation of four transgenic parasites constitutively expressing gfp (leishmania mexicana, leishmania aethiopica, leishmania tropica ... | 2014 | 24252638 |
| a listeria monocytogenes-based vaccine that secretes sand fly salivary protein ljm11 confers long-term protection against vector-transmitted leishmania major. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is a sand fly-transmitted disease characterized by skin ulcers that carry significant scarring and social stigmatization. over the past years, there has been cumulative evidence that immunity to specific sand fly salivary proteins confers a significant level of protection against leishmaniasis. in this study, we used an attenuated strain of listeria monocytogenes as a vaccine expression system for ljm11, a sand fly salivary protein identified as a good vaccine candidate. ... | 2014 | 24733091 |
| chronic parasitic infection maintains high frequencies of short-lived ly6c+cd4+ effector t cells that are required for protection against re-infection. | in contrast to the ability of long-lived cd8(+) memory t cells to mediate protection against systemic viral infections, the relationship between cd4(+) t cell memory and acquired resistance against infectious pathogens remains poorly defined. this is especially true for t helper 1 (th1) concomitant immunity, in which protection against reinfection coincides with a persisting primary infection. in these situations, pre-existing effector cd4 t cells generated by ongoing chronic infection, not memo ... | 2014 | 25473946 |
| cross-species genetic exchange between visceral and cutaneous strains of leishmania in the sand fly vector. | genetic exchange between leishmania major strains during their development in the sand fly vector has been experimentally shown. to investigate the possibility of genetic exchange between different leishmania species, a cutaneous strain of l. major and a visceral strain of leishmania infantum, each bearing a different drug-resistant marker, were used to coinfect lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. eleven double-drug-resistant progeny clones, each the product of an independent mating event, were ge ... | 2014 | 25385616 |
| wild gorillas as a potential reservoir of leishmania major. | vector-borne parasites of the genus leishmania are responsible for severe human diseases. cutaneous leishmaniasis, a common form of the disease, is most often caused by the transmission of leishmania major to humans by female phlebotomine sand flies. apes are increasingly being seen as a source of zoonotic diseases, including malaria and rickettsiosis. to examine whether gorillas harbor leishmania species, we screened fecal samples from wild western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) in c ... | 2014 | 25001460 |
| site-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells determines the effective dose of leishmania major. | the route of pathogen inoculation by needle has been shown to influence the outcome of infection. employing needle inoculation of the obligately intracellular parasite leishmania major, which is transmitted in nature following intradermal (i.d.) deposition of parasites by the bite of an infected sand fly, we identified differences in the preexisting and acute cellular responses in mice following i.d. inoculation of the ear, subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of the footpad, or inoculation of the pe ... | 2014 | 24733090 |
| cd11a polymorphisms regulate th2 cell homing and th2-related disease. | th2-dependent diseases vary in severity according to genotype, but relevant gene polymorphisms remain largely unknown. the integrin cd11a is a critical determinant of allergic responses, and allelic variants of this gene might influence allergic phenotypes. | 2014 | 23726040 |
| catalytic activity of a novel serine/threonine protein phosphatase pp5 from leishmania major. | leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania. our knowledge of protein phosphatases (pps) and their implication in signaling events is very limited. here we report the expression, characterization and mutagenesis analysis of a novel protein phosphatase 5 (pp5) in leishmania major. recombinant pp5 is a bona fide phosphatase and is enzymatically active. site-directed mutagenesis revealed auto-inhibitory roles of the n-terminal region. this is a rati ... | 2014 | 24890370 |
| cd4+ t cells: guardians of the phagosome. | cd4(+) t cells are key cells of the adaptive immune system that use t cell antigen receptors to recognize peptides that are generated in endosomes or phagosomes and displayed on the host cell surface bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules. these t cells participate in immune responses that protect hosts from microbes such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, cryptococcus neoformans, leishmania major, and salmonella enterica, which have evolved to live in the phagosomes of macrophages and ... | 2014 | 24696433 |
| first detection of leishmania tropica dna and trypanosoma species in sergentomyia sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from an outbreak area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in ghana. | leishmania major and an uncharacterized species have been reported from human patients in a cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) outbreak area in ghana. reports from the area indicate the presence of anthropophilic sergentomyia species that were found with leishmania dna. | 2014 | 24516676 |
| population genetics of leishmania (leishmania) major dna isolated from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in pakistan based on multilocus microsatellite typing. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a major and fast increasing public health problem, both among the local pakistani populations and the afghan refugees in camps. leishmania (leishmania) major is one of the etiological agents responsible for cl in pakistan. genetic variability and population structure have been investigated for 66 dna samples of l. (l.) major isolated from skin biopsy of cl patients. | 2014 | 25030377 |
| the associations of leishmania major and leishmania tropica aspects by focusing their morphological and molecular features on clinical appearances in khuzestan province, iran. | cutaneous leishmaniasis has various phenotypic aspects consisting of polymorphic amastigotes with different genetic ranges. samples were collected from suspected patients of khuzestan province. prepared smears were stained, scaled, and measured using ocular micrometer. the cyt b, its-rdna, and microsatellite genes of leishmania were amplified and leishmania species were identified by molecular analyses. of 150 examined suspected patients, 102 were identified to leishmania species (90 l. major, n ... | 2014 | 25317423 |
| ecology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in sinai: linking parasites, vectors and hosts. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a neglected clinical form of public health importance that is quite prevalent in the northern and eastern parts of egypt. a comprehensive study over seven years (january 2005-december 2011) was conducted to track cl transmission with respect to both sandfly vectors and animal reservoirs. the study identified six sandfly species collected from different districts in north sinai: phlebotomus papatasi, phlebotomus kazeruni, phlebotomus sergenti, phlebotomus alexandri ... | 2014 | 24821060 |
| prevalence and determinants of leishmania major infection in emerging and old foci in tunisia. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) due to leishmania major (l. major) is still a serious public health problem in tunisia. this study aimed to compare the prevalence and risk factors associated with l. major infection in old and new foci using leishmanin skin test (lst) in central tunisia. | 2014 | 25142220 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniasis by leishmania major and leishmania tropica in morocco: comparative epidemioclinical aspects of 268 cases]. | 2014 | 25810796 | |
| profiling of human acquired immunity against the salivary proteins of phlebotomus papatasi reveals clusters of differential immunoreactivity. | phlebotomus papatasi sand flies are among the primary vectors of leishmania major parasites from morocco to the indian subcontinent and from southern europe to central and eastern africa. antibody-based immunity to sand fly salivary gland proteins in human populations remains a complex contextual problem that is not yet fully understood. we profiled the immunoreactivities of plasma antibodies to sand fly salivary gland sonicates (sgss) from 229 human blood donors residing in different regions of ... | 2014 | 24615125 |
| characterization of the early inflammatory infiltrate at the feeding site of infected sand flies in mice protected from vector-transmitted leishmania major by exposure to uninfected bites. | mice exposed to sand fly saliva are protected against vector-transmitted leishmania major. although protection has been related to ifn-γ producing t cells, the early inflammatory response orchestrating this outcome has not been defined. | 2014 | 24762408 |
| trem-1 deficiency can attenuate disease severity without affecting pathogen clearance. | triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (trem-1) is a potent amplifier of pro-inflammatory innate immune reactions. while trem-1-amplified responses likely aid an improved detection and elimination of pathogens, excessive production of cytokines and oxygen radicals can also severely harm the host. studies addressing the pathogenic role of trem-1 during endotoxin-induced shock or microbial sepsis have so far mostly relied on the administration of trem-1 fusion proteins or peptides repres ... | 2014 | 24453980 |
| therapeutic efficacy of stable analogues of vasoactive intestinal peptide against pathogens. | vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) is an anti-inflammatory neuropeptide recently identified as a potential antimicrobial peptide. to overcome the metabolic limitations of vip, we modified the native peptide sequence and generated two stable synthetic analogues (vip51 and vip51(6-30)) with better antimicrobial profiles. herein we investigate the effects of both vip analogues on cell viability, membrane integrity, and ultrastructure of various bacterial strains and leishmania species. we found th ... | 2014 | 24706753 |
| golgi-located ntpdase1 of leishmania major is required for lipophosphoglycan elongation and normal lesion development whereas secreted ntpdase2 is dispensable for virulence. | parasitic protozoa, such as leishmania species, are thought to express a number of surface and secreted nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (ntpdases) which hydrolyze a broad range of nucleoside tri- and diphosphates. however, the functional significance of ntpdases in parasite virulence is poorly defined. the leishmania major genome was found to contain two putative ntpdases, termed lmntpdase1 and 2, with predicted ntpdase catalytic domains and either an n-terminal signal sequence and/o ... | 2014 | 25521752 |
| cd14-dependent monocyte isolation enhances phagocytosis of listeria monocytogenes by proinflammatory, gm-csf-derived macrophages. | macrophages are an important line of defence against invading pathogens. human macrophages derived by different methods were tested for their suitability as models to investigate listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection and compared to macrophage-like thp-1 cells. human primary monocytes were isolated by either positive or negative immunomagnetic selection and differentiated in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) or macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-csf) ... | 2013 | 23776701 |
| il-4 attenuates th1-associated chemokine expression and th1 trafficking to inflamed tissues and limits pathogen clearance. | interleukin 4 (il-4) plays a central role in the orchestration of type 2 immunity. during t cell activation in the lymph node, il-4 promotes th2 differentiation and inhibits th1 generation. in the inflamed tissue, il-4 signals promote innate and adaptive type-2 immune recruitment and effector function, positively amplifying the local th2 response. in this study, we identify an additional negative regulatory role for il-4 in limiting the recruitment of th1 cells to inflamed tissues. to test il-4 ... | 2013 | 23991011 |
| the leishmania major bbsome subunit bbs1 is essential for parasite virulence in the mammalian host. | bardet-biedl syndrome (bbs) is a human genetic disorder with a spectrum of symptoms caused by primary cilium dysfunction. the disease is caused by mutations in one of at least 17 identified genes, of which seven encode subunits of the bbsome, a protein complex required for specific trafficking events to and from the primary cilium. the molecular mechanisms associated with bbsome function remain to be fully elucidated. here, we generated null and complemented mutants of the bbsome subunit bbs1 in ... | 2013 | 23998526 |
| first report on isolation and characterization of leishmania major from meriones hurrianae (rodentia: gerbillidae) of a rural cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in south-eastern iran. | zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (zcl) is an endemic health problem in many rural areas of iran, with doubled number of incidences over the last decade. different species of rodents serve as natural reservoir host for zcl. the disease is considered as a major health problem in rural areas of mirjaveh, chabahar, and konarak counties of sistan va baluchistan province. | 2013 | 24616787 |
| the effect of avian blood on leishmania development in phlebotomus duboscqi. | the development of pathogens transmitted by haematophagous invertebrate vectors is closely connected with the digestion of bloodmeals and is thus affected by midgut enzymatic activity. some studies have demonstrated that avian blood inhibits leishmania major infection in the old world vector phlebotomus papatasi; however, this effect has never been observed in the new world vectors of the genus lutzomyia infected by other leishmania species. therefore, our study was focused on the effect of chic ... | 2013 | 24059328 |
| the immunomodulatory effect of plant lectins: a review with emphasis on artinm properties. | advances in the glycobiology and immunology fields have provided many insights into the role of carbohydrate-protein interactions in the immune system. we aim to present a comprehensive review of the effects that some plant lectins exert as immunomodulatory agents, showing that they are able to positively modify the immune response to certain pathological conditions, such as cancer and infections. the present review comprises four main themes: (1) an overview of plant lectins that exert immunomo ... | 2013 | 23299509 |
| first detection of leishmania infantum dna in wild caught phlebotomus papatasi in endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis, south of iran. | to identify the vectors and reservoirs of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the endemic focus of farashband, fars province, south of iran. | 2013 | 24075350 |
| characterization of phlebotomus papatasi peritrophins, and the role of ppper1 in leishmania major survival in its natural vector. | the peritrophic matrix (pm) plays a key role in compartmentalization of the blood meal and as barrier to pathogens in many disease vectors. to establish an infection in sand flies, leishmania must escape from the endoperitrophic space to prevent excretion with remnants of the blood meal digestion. in spite of the role played regarding leishmania survival, little is known about sand fly pm molecular components and structural organization. we characterized three peritrophins (ppper1, ppper2, and p ... | 2013 | 23516661 |
| functional transcriptomics of wild-caught lutzomyia intermedia salivary glands: identification of a protective salivary protein against leishmania braziliensis infection. | leishmania parasites are transmitted in the presence of sand fly saliva. together with the parasite, the sand fly injects salivary components that change the environment at the feeding site. mice immunized with phlebotomus papatasi salivary gland (sg) homogenate are protected against leishmania major infection, while immunity to lutzomyia intermedia sg homogenate exacerbated experimental leishmania braziliensis infection. in humans, antibodies to lu. intermedia saliva are associated with risk of ... | 2013 | 23717705 |
| the mating competence of geographically diverse leishmania major strains in their natural and unnatural sand fly vectors. | invertebrate stages of leishmania are capable of genetic exchange during their extracellular growth and development in the sand fly vector. here we explore two variables: the ability of diverse l. major strains from across its natural range to undergo mating in pairwise tests; and the timing of the appearance of hybrids and their developmental stage associations within both natural (phlebotomus duboscqi) and unnatural (lutzomyia longipalpis) sand fly vectors. following co-infection of flies with ... | 2013 | 23935521 |
| systematic analysis of proteomes with emphasis on insertions in malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | protein insertion sequences and their biological role in many organisms have been largely unknown. here we study proteomes of 12 organisms of diverse genomes for insertion length and amino acid preferences. a total of 871 common proteins were catalogued amongst the 12 organisms for structure based sequence alignment. this underscores the key observations: (i) at-richness seems to have no implication on the average protein length in an organism as only dictyostelium discoideum and plasmodium falc ... | 2013 | 23688187 |
| actin expression in trypanosomatids (euglenozoa: kinetoplastea). | heteroxenic and monoxenic trypanosomatids were screened for the presence of actin using a mouse polyclonal antibody produced against the entire sequence of the trypanosoma cruzi actin gene, encoding a 41.9 kda protein. western blot analysis showed that this antibody reacted with a polypeptide of approximately 42 kda in the whole-cell lysates of parasites targeting mammals (t. cruzi, trypanosoma brucei and leishmania major), insects (angomonas deanei, crithidia fasciculata, herpetomonas samuelpes ... | 2013 | 23903980 |
| molecular epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the focus of bushehr city, southwestern iran. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) represents the most frequent vector borne parasitoses in iran. the objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological features of cl including human infection and the reservoir host in the city of bushehr, bushehr province, iran during 2010-2011. | 2013 | 24409436 |
| a newly emerged cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in northern israel and two new reservoir hosts of leishmania major. | in 2006/7, 18 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) were reported for the first time from sde eliyahu (pop. 650), a village in the beit she'an valley of israel. between 2007-2011, a further 88 cl cases were diagnosed bringing the total to 106 (16.3% of the population of sde eliyahu). the majority of cases resided in the south-western part of the village along the perimeter fence. the causative parasite was identified as leishmania major yakimoff & schokhor, 1914 (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae ... | 2013 | 23437408 |
| the present status of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a recently emerged focus in south-west of kerman province, iran. | the objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of the cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) disease and identification of the causative agent by nested-pcr for current control strategy. | 2013 | 23515397 |
| validity and reliability of enzyme immunoassays using leishmania major or l. infantum antigens for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. | american visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan leishmania infantum. dogs are the main reservoirs in the domestic transmission cycle. the limited accuracy of diagnostic tests for canine leishmaniasis may contribute to the lack of impact of control measures recommended by the brazilian ministry of health. the objective of this study was to estimate the accuracy of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays employing l. major or l. infantum antigens and their reliability between three labor ... | 2013 | 23922884 |
| evaluation of pcr procedures for detecting and quantifying leishmania donovani dna in large numbers of dried human blood samples from a visceral leishmaniasis focus in northern ethiopia. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a disseminated protozoan infection caused by leishmania donovani parasites which affects almost half a million persons annually. most of these are from the indian sub-continent, east africa and brazil. our study was designed to elucidate the role of symptomatic and asymptomatic leishmania donovani infected persons in the epidemiology of vl in northern ethiopia. | 2013 | 23530965 |
| the role of surface glycoconjugates in leishmania midgut attachment examined by competitive binding assays and experimental development in sand flies. | binding of promastigotes to the sand fly midgut epithelium is regarded as an essential part of the leishmania life cycle in the vector. among leishmania surface molecules putatively involved in attachment to the sand fly midgut, two gpi-anchored molecules are the most prominent: lipophosphoglycan (lpg) and promastigote surface protease gp63. in this work, we examined midgut attachment of leishmania lines mutated in gpi-anchored molecules and compared results from 2 different techniques: in vivo ... | 2013 | 23611086 |