| antifungal susceptibilities and genetic relatedness of serial trichophyton rubrum isolates from patients with onychomycosis of the toenail. | onychomycosis is a common fungal disease infecting up to 20% of the population over age 40. the major causative agent of onychomycosis is trichophyton rubrum. uncontrolled infection may eventually lead to penetration of the newly forming nail plate. in spite of the encouraging cure rate with recent antifungal agents such as the allylamines (terbinafine) and azoles (itraconazole and fluconazole) some patients inevitably fail therapy. in this investigation, a group of patients from a multi-center ... | 1999 | 10865915 |
| onychomycosis in malaysia. | the common etiological agents of onychomycosis are dermatophytes, molds and yeasts. a mycological nail investigation of onychomycosis using direct microscopy and culture was conducted by the mycology unit, department of medical microbiology, university of malaya from march 1996 to november 1998. the study involved 878 nail clippings or subungal scrapings from subjects with onychomycosis. on direct microscopy examination, 50% of the specimens were negative for fungal elements. on culture, 373 spe ... | 1999 | 10872513 |
| in vitro effects of three metallic salts and soot on the growth of five species of the dermatophytes. | the antifungal effects of zinc chloride (zncl), calcium chloride (cacl), magnesium chloride (mgcl) as well as soot collected from a local kitchens were tested on five isolated species of the dermatophytes from cases of human dermatophytoses. of these three metallic salts, zncl showed the highest inhibitory effect on the dermatophytes. at a concentration of 0.01 m it showed 100% inhibition on these fungi. although the other two metallic salts showed some inhibitory effect cacl at concentration be ... | 1999 | 10916611 |
| antifungal effects of hydrolysable tannins and related compounds on dermatophytes, mould fungi and yeasts. | a series of hydrolysable tannins and related compounds was evaluated for antifungal activities against filamentous fungi (epidermophyton floccosum; microsporum canis; microsporum gypseum; trichophyton mentagrophytes; trichophyton rubrum; trichophyton tonsurans; trichophyton terrestre; penicillium italicum; aspergillus fumigatus; mucor racemosus; rhizopus nigricans) and opportunistic yeasts (candida albicans; candida glabrata; candidata krusei; cryptococcus neoformans), using the agar dilution me ... | 2000 | 10928561 |
| antimicrobial activity of wedelia trilobata crude extracts. | a biological screening of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and fungi of crude extracts from wedelia trilobata is reported. the n-hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis, mycobacterium smegmatis, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis (gram-positive bacteria); along with proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella group c, salmonella paratyphi, and shigella sonnei (gram-negative bacteria). the ethyl acetate e ... | 1999 | 10374253 |
| [dermatophytosis of the external auditory meatus]. | dermatophytosis of the external auditory meatus is believed to be a fairly rare disease. in the past three and a half years we have had seven cases of dermatophytosis in the external auditory meatus. all cases except one were associated with tinea of other lesions. case 1: a 44-year-old man had tinea of the auricle, tinea pedis and tinea unguium. case 2: a 14-year-old boy, the son of case 1 had no tinea elsewhere on his body, including the auricle. he scratched the auditory meatus with an earpic ... | 2000 | 10938522 |
| onychomycosis in the elderly. | onychomycosis is found more frequently in the elderly, and in more males than females. onychomycosis of the toes is usually caused by dermatophytes, most commonly trichophyton rubrum and t. mentagrophytes. the most common clinical presentations are distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (which usually affects the great/first toe) and white superficial onychomycosis (which generally involves the third/fourth toes). only about 50% of all abnormal-appearing nails are due to onychomycosis. in th ... | 2000 | 10939306 |
| erysipelas and tinea pedis. | during a 2-year period 30 adults were selected out of a group of patients diagnosed with erysipelas, who, except for tinea pedis, were apparently otherwise healthy patients. clinical and epidemiological studies were performed to establish how tinea pedis and erysipelas are related. thirteen of 30 patients with a diagnosis of erysipelas were found to have tinea pedis due to trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum. in seven of the patients (23%) tinea pedis was found to be the unique p ... | 2000 | 10948816 |
| oral administration of bovine lactoferrin for treatment of tinea pedis. a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. | a clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of lactoferrin, which is a protein component of cow's milk, in the treatment of tinea pedis. doses of either 600 mg or 2000 mg of lactoferrin, or a placebo was orally administered daily for 8 weeks to 37 adults who were judged to have mild or moderate tinea pedis. dermatological improvement and antifungal efficacy were assessed. in the analysis of all subjects, dermatological symptoms scores in all groups decreased but the differences ... | 2000 | 10948819 |
| skin infections and infestations in aboriginal communities in northern australia. | the most important skin infections in aboriginal communities in central and northern australia are scabies and streptococcal pyoderma. scabies is endemic in many remote aboriginal communities, with prevalences in children up to 50%. the cycles of scabies transmission underlie much of the pyoderma. up to 70% of children have skin sores, with group a streptococcus (gas) the major pathogen. group a streptococcus is responsible for the continuing outbreaks of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis an ... | 2000 | 10954983 |
| prevalence and risk factors of tinea unguium and tinea pedis in the general population in spain. | this study prospectively evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of tinea unguium and tinea pedis in the general adult population in madrid, spain. one thousand subjects were clinically examined, and samples of nails and scales from the interdigital spaces of the feet were taken from those patients presenting with signs or symptoms of onychomycosis and/or tinea pedis, respectively. in addition, a sample from the fourth interdigital space of both feet was collected from all individuals with a p ... | 2000 | 10970362 |
| molecular taxonomy of the trichophyton rubrum complex. | the validity of taxa around trichophyton rubrum was evaluated by a combination of phenetic and molecular methods. morphological and physiological features were compared to results of sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal operon, pcr fingerprinting, and amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. the 15 species and varieties investigated (trichophyton circonvolutum, trichophyton fischeri, trichophyton fluviomuniense, trichophyton glabrum, trichophyton gourvili ... | 2000 | 10970379 |
| new antimicrobial mono- and sesquiterpenes from soroseris hookeriana subsp. erysimoides. | a new monoterpene and a new guaianolide were isolated from the aerial parts of the tibetan medicinal plant soroseris hookeriana subsp. erysimoides (asteraceae), in addition to (1r,4r,5r)-5-hydroxybornan-2-one 5-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, diosmetin, isoluteolin, p-methoxybenzoic acid, isovanillic acid, two phenylmethanol derivatives (vanilioloside and phenylmethanol glucopyranoside), and five guaianolides [3 beta,8 beta-dihyroxyguaia-4(15),10(14),11(13)-triene-12,6 al ... | 2000 | 10985081 |
| onychomycosis in children: treatment with bifonazole-urea. | we assessed the safety and efficacy of a two-phase topical treatment with bifonazole-urea ointment in children with onychomycosis. twenty-five children younger than 16 years old with proved onychomycosis were included in the study. bifonazole-urea ointment was administered under occlusion until the nontraumatic removal of the nail was achieved. bifonazole cream was then applied for 4 weeks and a follow-up visit 4 weeks after cessation of medication was scheduled. during the study, periodic clini ... | 2000 | 10990584 |
| known and novel terpenes from buddleja globosa displaying selective antifungal activity against dermatophytes. | lipophilic extracts of the stembark of buddleja globosa were found to have antifungal activity at 125 microg/ml against three dermatophytic fungal species but had no activity at 1000 microg/ml against four other fungal species or two yeast species. bioassay-guided fractionation of si gel column eluates using the sensitive fungal species resulted in active fractions from which were isolated five compounds that were characterized by spectroscopic methods as one novel and four known compounds. the ... | 2000 | 11000021 |
| trichophyton rubrum tinea capitis in an 85-year-old woman. | tinea capitis is a worldwide problem and occurs most commonly in young children. certain common fungal types are most often recognized as the responsible infecting organism. | 2000 | 11003721 |
| [microsporum canis mycetoma of the scalp]. | mycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous tumefaction with presence of grains or granules. etiological agents include bacteria or filamentous fungi. mycetoma due to dermatophytes is uncommon, mainly occurring in africa. to our knowledge, no case has been reported in the west indies. only two observations of micosporum canis mycetoma in humans have been reported in the literature. we report a third case of mycetoma of the scalp caused by this fungus. | 2000 | 11011164 |
| ciclopirox nail lacquer topical solution 8%. | ciclopirox nail lacquer 8% (penlac, aventis pharma) was approved by the us fda in december 1999, as a component of a comprehensive management program, for use in immunocompetent patients who have mild to moderate onychomycosis of the fingers and toes without lunula involvement due to trichophyton rubrum. the comprehensive management program includes removal of the unattached, infected nails as frequently as once per month, by a health care professional who has special competence in the diagnosis ... | 2000 | 11027420 |
| generalized trichophyton rubrum infection in a subject with pemphigus vulgaris. | | 2000 | 11032077 |
| distinct human t cell repertoires mediate immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity to the trichophyton antigen, tri r 2. | the 29-kda subtilase homologue, tri r 2, derived from the dermatophyte fungus trichophyton rubrum, exhibits unique immunologic characteristics in its ability to elicit immediate (ih) and delayed-type (dth) hypersensitivity skin tests in different individuals. thus, tri r 2 provides a model for comparing the t cell repertoire in subjects with distinct immune responses to a single ag. recombinant tri r 2 produced as a gst fusion protein in escherichia coli stimulated strong in vitro lymphoprolifer ... | 2000 | 11035075 |
| ciclopirox nail lacquer topical solution 8% in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis. | onychomycosis is a relatively common condition affecting toenails more than fingernails. it is caused predominantly by dermatophytes. onychomycosis can cause pain and discomfort and has the potential to be a source of morbidity. | 2000 | 11051136 |
| in vitro susceptibility to itraconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole and terbinafine of 100 isolates of trichophyton rubrum. | a reference method for dermatophyte in vitro susceptibility testing is lacking. with the advent of new antimycotics, susceptibility testing has received increasing attention as an important laboratory tool for aiding the selection of appropriate drug therapy. | 2000 | 11053904 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new 6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives. | a series of new n2-substituted-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-3-acetic acid hydrazides (2a-j) were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi. some of the compounds showed antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538, staphylococcus epidermidis atcc 12228, trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei ncpf-375, trichophyton rubrum and microsporum audounii (mic 25-0.24 micrograms/ml). the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of th ... | 2000 | 11059099 |
| detection of xanthomegnin in epidermal materials infected with trichophyton rubrum. | xanthomegnin, a mutagenic mycotoxin best known as an agent of nephropathy and death in farm animals exposed to food-borne penicillium and aspergillus fungi, was first isolated about 35 y ago as a diffusing pigment from cultures of the dermatophyte, trichophyton megninii. this study investigates the production of xanthomegnin by the most common dermatophytic species, trichophyton rubrum, both in dermatologic nail specimens and in culture. in view of the labile nature of xanthomegnin, a chromatogr ... | 2000 | 11069630 |
| wolf's isotopic response: trichophyton rubrum folliculitis appearing on a herpes zoster scar. | | 2000 | 11095197 |
| [molecular biological methods and their consequences in taxonomy and diagnosis of dermatophytes]. | trichophyton rubrum, t. mentagrophytes, t. verrucosum, microsporum canis, m. gypseum and epidermophyton flocoosum represent the cause of human dermatomycoses isolated most often at the university hospital of dermatology in graz, austria, between 1991 and 1998. so far, identification was mainly based on the cultivation of fungal isolates on special media as well as on the analysis of their microscopic characters. restriction enzyme length polymorphisms (rflps) were now used to identify these huma ... | 2000 | 11098620 |
| strain identification of trichophyton rubrum by specific amplification of subrepeat elements in the ribosomal dna nontranscribed spacer. | trichophyton rubrum is the commonest cause of dermatophytosis of skin and nail tissue. molecular characterization of the t. rubrum ribosomal dna nontranscribed-spacer region revealed two novel tandemly repetitive subelements (trss): trs-1, containing a 27-bp palindromic sequence, and trs-2. specific amplification of trs-1 produced strain-characteristic banding patterns (pcr types), with 21 trs-1 pcr types recognized from 101 clinical isolates. four simple patterns representing 1 to 4 copies of t ... | 2000 | 11101591 |
| amino acid- or protein-dependent growth of trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum. | culture conditions were examined for trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum, which are major pathogens involved in dermatophytosis. they grew well in sabouraud's dextrose broth or rpmi 1640. growth in phosphate-buffered yeast nitrogen base supplemented with glucose was very slow, although growth improved significantly with the addition of amino acids or proteins to the medium. the fungi could also grow using human nail fragments as the only source of nutrition. examination of protea ... | 2000 | 11118903 |
| dermatomycosis in and around aurangabad. | a total of 175 cases of dermatophytoses were studied. out of all the clinical types, tinea corporis (t. corporis) was found to be the predominant clinical type (24.57%) followed by tinea cruris (t. cruris) (22.28%). incidence of tinea barbae (t. barbae) and tinea imbricata (t. imbricata) was the least (2.85%) and 0.57% respectively. out of 175 cases of dermatophytoses, 66 (37.71%) cases were positive on microscopic examination, out of which 27 (40.90%) cases were positive by culture also. out of ... | 1999 | 11127378 |
| prevalence and awareness of tinea pedis in italian sailors. | it is difficult to carry out studies on the prevalence of tinea pedis in the community. some studies are performed on selected groups of subjects, exposed to the same risk factors, i.e. schoolchildren, public bathers, athletes and military men. | 2000 | 11146348 |
| evaluation of ige-sensitization to fungi in hiv-positive patients with eczematous skin reactions. | human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with declining immune function and polyclonal b-cell activation leading to elevated ige-levels. in selected patient categories, increased total ige may be associated with allergic diseases. furthermore, a significant number of patients with low cd4+ cell numbers have various skin manifestations, eg, eczema and dermatophytosis. patients with chronic fungal infections and a tendency to produce increased levels of specific ige may become allergic ... | 1999 | 10480590 |
| bioactivity studies of extracts from tridax procumbens. | an updated review on the biological activity of tridax procumbens is presented. a detailed biological screening comprised of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi using crude extracts of this plant was undertaken. the n-hexane extract of the flowers showed activity against escherichia coli. the same extract of the whole aerial parts was active against mycobacterium smegmatis, escherichia coli, salmonella group c and salmonella paratyphi. the ethyl-acetate extract of the flow ... | 2000 | 11185735 |
| epidemiology: surveillance of fungal infections. | surveillance for fungal diseases is essential to improve our understanding of their epidemiology and to enable research and prevention efforts to be prioritized. in order to conduct better surveillance for fungal diseases, it is important to develop more accurate and timely diagnostic tests, to follow rigorous epidemiological methods and to have adequate support from public health agencies and the pharmaceutical industry. investigations of nosocomial and community outbreaks of fungal infection h ... | 2000 | 11204143 |
| characterization of fungal spores by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | a considerable volume of research has now been completed on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (maldi-ms) to the analysis of bacteria; however, to date no definitive studies have been made using this technique on fungi. preliminary studies on the application of the maldi-ms methodology, previously developed for the analysis of bacteria, to the analysis of intact fungal spores are described here. maldi-ms and electrospray mass spectrometry enable the ... | 2000 | 10700030 |
| effect of sub-mics of antimycotics on expression of intracellular esterase of trichophyton rubrum. | the electrophoretic pattern of the intracellular esterase of the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum was altered when this fungus was grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of the antimycotics tioconazole or griseofulvin. all strains (original isolate and antimycotic resistant mutants) presented five clearly visible bands when cultivated on medium containing below-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-mics) of tioconazole or griseofulvin, and only two clearly visible bands when cult ... | 2001 | 11270400 |
| frequency of toenail onychomycosis in patients with cutaneous manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency. | chronic venous insufficiency (cvi) can originate onychopathy per se. we have anecdotally observed nail changes in patients with cvi, but there are few studies which determine the frequency of both onychopathy and onychomycosis in these patients | 2001 | 11277948 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of kp-103, a novel triazole derivative, and its therapeutic efficacy against experimental plantar tinea pedis and cutaneous candidiasis in guinea pigs. | the in vitro activity of kp-103, a novel triazole derivative, against pathogenic fungi that cause dermatomycoses and its therapeutic efficacy against plantar tinea pedis and cutaneous candidiasis in guinea pigs were investigated. mics were determined by a broth microdilution method with morpholinepropanesulfonic acid-buffered rpmi 1640 medium for candida species and with sabouraud dextrose broth for dermatophytes and by an agar dilution method with medium c for malassezia furfur. kp-103 was the ... | 2001 | 11302816 |
| [tinea faciei in a newborn]. | dermatophytosis in newborns and infants has been regarded as very unusual; a case recently observed of a 2-month-old child affected by tinea faciei is described. twenty days before, localized erythematous infiltrated patches at the upper left eyelid and eyebrows with papules and pustules, were observed. rarefaction of the eyebrows and partially loss of the eyelashes associated with scattered areas of erythematopapulous lesions on the face, were seen. mycological examination was positive and tric ... | 2001 | 11309540 |
| penile dermatophytosis. | dermatophyte infections of the penis and scrotum are relatively rare compared with those involving the groin. four cases of penile tinea due to trichophyton rubrum are described. all patients had associated foci of fungal infection, but only one had crural involvement. treatment with oral antifungal agents led to complete resolution of penile dermatophytosis. | 2001 | 11312439 |
| dermatophytoses in children: study of 137 cases. | dermatophytoses are common fungal infections caused by dermatophytes but there are few data about this condition in the childhood. 137 children below the age of 12 and clinically diagnosed as tineas were investigated prospectively at instituto de puericultura e pediatria, rio de janeiro, from 1994 to 1999. hair, skin/nails scraping and pus swabs were collected from lesions and processed for fungus. male children from 2 to 12 years were mostly affected; tinea capitis (78 cases) mainly caused by m ... | 2001 | 11340481 |
| tinea unguium in lahore, pakistan. | during a period of 1 year, out of 202 clinically suspected cases of tinea unguium, 53 (26%) were confirmed by mycological cultures for dermatophytes. trichophyton rubrum was the most common fungus isolated in 46 (87%) patients, followed by t. violaceum in four (7%), t. interdigitale in two (4%) and epidermophyton floccosum in one (2%). the disease was more common in adult males and fingernails were found to be affected more often than toenails. the distal and lateral variety was seen in 41 (77%) ... | 2001 | 11346265 |
| dermatophytosis in vietnam. | professor taplin describes his experiments producing clinical lesions with 2 endemic dermatophytes encountered in vietnam during the vietnam war: the human-adapted trichophyton raubitschekii, possibly a regional form of trichophyton rubrum that was causing chronic tinea corporis in the vietnamese, and a zoophilic trichophyton mentagrophytes that caused highly inflammatory ringworm in the previously unexposed american soldiers. (this particular t mentagrophytes was also the fungus studied by dr. ... | 2001 | 11398256 |
| arthroconidia as vectors of dermatophytosis. | the characteristic macro- and microconidia produced by dermatophytes in cultures and those living as saprobes are not produced in any dermatophyte lesions observed to date. however, arthroconidia, defined as a genetically programmed disarticulation of septate hyphae to produce a chain of conidia, are produced by dermatophytes, both in culture and in lesions, under certain predisposing conditions. arthroconidia are seen, for example, within nail-bed infections caused by trichophyton rubrum; withi ... | 2001 | 11398259 |
| families infected with trichophyton rubrum. | | 2001 | 11398267 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo anti-trichophyton activity of essential oils by vapour contact. | the minimum inhibitory doses (mids) of essential oils by vapour contact to inhibit the growth of trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum on agar medium were determined using airtight boxes. among seven essential oils examined, cinnamon bark oil showed the least mid, followed by lemongrass, thyme and perilla oils. lavender and tea tree oils showed moderate mid, and citron oil showed the highest mid, being 320 times higher than that of cinnamon bark oil. the mid values were less than t ... | 2001 | 11413931 |
| [a case of trichophytia profunda acuta of the glabrous skin]. | we report the case of a 68-year-old man with eruption on his left arm in the lesion where he wore his wrist watch. he was treated with topical steroid ointment at another clinic. he also suffered from tinea pedis. examination of the scale and hair showed hyphal elements. histopathological examination revealed granulomatous reaction around the hair follicles. we found no fungal elements in the tissue in spite of detecting serial sections of them. trichophyton rubrum was cultured from tissue and s ... | 2001 | 11173331 |
| superficial white onychomycosis in a 3-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-infected child. | superficial white onychomycosis is exceptional in children, although a few anecdotal cases have been reported in the literature. on the other hand, superficial white onychomycosis and proximal subungual onychomycosis, while unusual in the general population, often appear in adult human immunodeficiency virus (hlv)-infected persons. | 2001 | 11451325 |
| asthma, rhinitis and dermatitis triggered by fungal infection: therapeutic effects of terbinafine. | we report 2 atopic patients suffering from tinea unguium caused by trichophyton rubrum. in addition, both patients had symptoms of allergies: one had perennial rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma, the other had chronic dermatitis of the face and neck. in both cases, their allergy symptoms improved dramatically during oral therapy with the antifungal agent terbinafine (250 mg/day) and relapsed after its discontinuation. | 2001 | 11455147 |
| [onychomycosis in tunis area: epidemiological and mycological data]. | onychomycosis is by far the most frequent cause of nail disease. we describe epidemiological and mycological features observed in the tunis area in tunisia. | 2001 | 11460036 |
| pharmacokinetics of antifungal agents in onychomycoses. | onychomycosis is caused by infection by fungi, mainly dermatophytes and nondermatophyte yeasts or moulds; it affects the fingernails and, more frequently, the toenails. dermatophytes are responsible for about 90 to 95% of fungal infections. trichophyton rubrum is the most common dermatophyte; candida albicans is the major nondermatophyte yeast. although topical therapy of onchomycosis does not lead to systemic adverse effects or interactions with concomitantly taken drugs, it does not provide hi ... | 2001 | 11475469 |
| antimicrobial activity of alstonia macrophylla: a folklore of bay islands. | the methanolic crude and methanol-aqueous extract of alstonia macrophylla leaves and n-butanol part of the crude extract showed antimicrobial activity against various strains of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus saprophyticus, streptococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes and microsporum gypseum. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values ranges from 64 to 1000 microg/ml for bacteria and 32-128 mg/ml f ... | 2001 | 11483378 |
| the definition of trichophyton rubrum syndrome. | although chronic widespread dermatophyte infection is reported widely in the literature, neither a uniform nomenclature, nor even a clear definition of this syndrome have been established so far. thus, we suggest trichophyton rubrum syndrome (trs) for denomination and define the following obligatory clinical and mycological criteria for trs. (a) skin lesions at the following four sites: (1) feet, often involving soles; (2) hands, often involving palms; (3) nails; and (4) at least one lesion in a ... | 2001 | 11486454 |
| variation in restriction fragment length polymorphisms among serial isolates from patients with trichophyton rubrum infection. | molecular genotyping of strains of trichophyton rubrum and t. mentagrophytes from patients with onychomycosis of the toes was performed to ascertain whether the fungal genotype changes over the course of time as sequential samples were obtained from patients receiving antifungal therapy and during follow-up. sixty-six serial strains of t. rubrum and 11 strains of t. mentagrophytes were obtained from 20 patients (16 patients with t. rubrum, 4 with t. mentagrophytes) who were treated with oral ant ... | 2001 | 11526160 |
| application of pcr to distinguish common species of dermatophytes. | this report describes the application of pcr fingerprinting for the identification of species and varieties of common dermatophytes and related fungi utilizing as a single primer the simple repetitive oligonucleotide (gaca)(4). the primer was able to amplify all the strains, producing species-specific profiles for microsporum canis, microsporum gypseum, trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton ajelloi, and epidermophyton floccosum. intraspecific variability was not observed for these species. instead, ... | 2001 | 11526185 |
| trichophyton rubrum showing deep dermal invasion directly from the epidermis in immunosuppressed patients. | trichophyton rubrum is the most widely encountered dermatophyte infection, and is usually regarded as exclusively keratinophilic often leading to chronic cutaneous and nail infections, even in healthy individuals. we present three patients with acute leukaemias, with ill-defined pre-existent cutaneous eruptions that were treated with a potent topical corticosteroid. all three patients received aggressive marrow toxic chemotherapy. these patients had progression of their cutaneous disease, which ... | 2001 | 11531807 |
| chronic dermatophytosis in lamellar ichthyosis: relevance of a t-helper 2-type immune response to trichophyton rubrum. | | 2001 | 11531856 |
| antimicrobial activity of plants used in traditional medicine of san juan province, argentine. | eighteen extracts from acaena magellanica, baccharis grisebachii, ephedra breana, oxalis erythrorhiza, pachylaena atriplicifolia and satureja parvifolia were assessed for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi with the agar dilution method. the hexane (h) and dichloromethane (dcm) extracts of b. grisebachii and o. erythrorhiza showed the broadest spectrum of action against fungi, inhibiting all of the tested dermatophytes with mics ranging from < or =25 to < or =1000 microg/ml. tricho ... | 2001 | 11585697 |
| keratinolytic activity of five human isolates of the dermatophytes. | the keratinolytic activity of five species of the dermatophytes which include trichophyton rubrum, t. mentagrophytes, t. tonsurans, microsporum audouinii and m. gypseum isolated from school children were tested using human hair as the substrate. m. gypseum was found to possess the highest keratinolytic activity with a net value of released protein being 78.8 ug/ml after five weeks of incubation. also the net value of released protein for t. tonsurans, t. rubrum, t. mentagrophytes and m. audouini ... | 2000 | 11668942 |
| diversity of the human allergen-specific t cell repertoire associated with distinct skin test reactions: delayed-type hypersensitivity-associated major epitopes induce th1- and th2-dominated responses. | distinct immune responses in humans to the trichophyton rubrum ag, tri r 2, are associated with different patterns of t cell epitope recognition based on in vitro proliferation to peptides derived from this 29-kda protein. specifically, the amino-terminal immunodominant epitope, peptide 5 (p5), stimulates strong t cell proliferative responses in subjects with delayed (dth), but not immediate (ih) hypersensitivity skin tests. evidence of a role for cytokines or changes in epitope recognition over ... | 2001 | 11673560 |
| tinea incognito due to trichophytom rubrum after local steroid therapy. | the term "tinea incognito" refers to dermatophyte infections with clinical presentations that have been modified by the administration of corticosteroids. we describe a patient who had pustular inflammatory skin lesions due to trichophyton rubrum after receiving treatment with potent topical corticosteroid creams. | 2001 | 11702294 |
| [an epidemiological study for fungus isolation during the twenty-five year periods from 1976 to 2000 in kitasato university hospital]. | we investigated an epidemiological study for fungus isolation in our hospital from 1976 to 2000. for 25 years, the total sample number of fungus examination were 64,296, and after 1988, the total sample number increased suddenly. as a whole, the positive ratio was constantly about 40%. when our hospital opened, the obstetrical and gynecological samples showed 38.8% for fungus examination, but recently, samples of the respiratory organ has increased. ratio of isolation for yeast, candida albicans ... | 2001 | 11712361 |
| [analysis of the results of mycological examination of skin samples from 1997 to 1998]. | mycological findings of 2,447 skin specimens were analyzed. the aim of the study was to estimate the methodology for mycological examination, frequency of particular fungal species isolation and localization on the skin. fungi were found in 591 specimens: 53.64% microscopically and isolated in cultures, 31.47% only microscopically and 14.89% only isolated in cultures. total number of isolated strains was 405 (356 strains grew on sabouraud agar with antibiotics and 272 on mycobiotic agar). the mo ... | 2000 | 10934931 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of 3,3'-ethylenebis(5-alkyl-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thiones). | in a search for promising antifungal compounds, nine new 3,3'-ethylenebis(5-alkyl-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thiones) were synthesized by the reaction of ethylene diamine, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde, and the appropriate alkyl amine. the title compounds were tested for their antifungal activity in vitro against pathogenic (trichophyton rubrum and candida albicans), phytopathogenic (penicillum expansum, trichoderma hazianum, and fasarium oxysporum), and aflatoxin producing (aspergillus flavus) fungi. ... | 2001 | 11759168 |
| the rationale for combination therapy. | fungal infections of the nail are common in european populations. there are a number of clinical presentations usually resulting from an infection by one of the dermatophyte species, notably trichophyton rubrum. a number of modern treatment strategies are available and are generally well tolerated and effective. however, a significant proportion of patients, 20-30%, can expect treatment failure and/or relapse following treatment. the search for new treatment modalities and drugs is hampered by o ... | 2001 | 11777263 |
| epidemiological study of pathogenic fungi in china: 1986 and 1996. | an annual decade epidemiological survey of pathogenic fungi of inpatients or outpatients includes more than 25 provinces in china has been done in 1986 and 1996. | 2001 | 11780317 |
| further evaluation of rwandan medicinal plant extracts for their antimicrobial and antiviral activities. | a total of 45 rwandan plant extracts, belonging to 37 different plant species out of 21 families, were investigated for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. the plants were selected on the base of their ethnomedicinal use against infections and autoimmune diseases. from all the plant extracts tested, only clematis hirsuta (leaves) showed a pronounced antifungal activity against candida albicans and the dermatophytes trichophyton rubrum, epidermophyton floccosum, and microsp ... | 2002 | 11801376 |
| evaluation of lymphocytes subpopulations and natural killer cells in peripheral blood of patients treated for dermatophyte onychomycosis. | thirty-five patients with dermatophyte onychomycosis caused by trichophyton rubrum, t. mentagrophytes var. granulosum, t. tonsurans and epidermophyton floccosum were examined before treatment and 27 of these patients were examined again when they came to the control check up 3 months after completion of treatment. the immunological investigations, including evaluation of immunological competence, were performed in vivo through the determination of lymphoid cell immunophenotype by a flow cytometr ... | 2001 | 11820262 |
| dermatophytoses in prague, czech republic, between 1987 and 1998. | over a 12-year period, from 1987 to 1998, the spectrum of aetiological agents isolated from 11208 patients (6265 females and 4943 males) suspected of having dermatomycosis was analysed in the mycological laboratory of the department of dermatology, charles university, prague. the most frequently examined locations were toenails (34.9%), feet (15.6%), fingernails (12.8%), toe webs (11%), trunk (10%) and hands (8.7%). dermatophytes were isolated from 5605 (30.2%) of all 18528 samples examined. amo ... | 2001 | 11820263 |
| synthesis of some 4-(alkylidene/arylidene)amino-2,4-dihydro-5- (2-thienyl)-3h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones tested for antimicrobial activity. | a series of 4-(alkylidene/arylidene)amino-2,4-dihydro-5- (2-thienyl)-3h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones (2a-h) were synthesized. the structural elucidation of all the compounds was made on the basis of analytical and spectral data (ir, 1h-nmr and eims). all synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi. some of the compounds demonstrated antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538, staphylococcus epidermidis atcc 12228, tr ... | 2001 | 11822231 |
| antimicrobial effect of resveratrol on dermatophytes and bacterial pathogens of the skin. | the phytoalexin resveratrol is commonly found in food and drinks, including red wine, grapes, and peanuts. many studies have shown that this compound has anti-inflammatory properties, and it has been ascribed as having health benefits that help to prevent cancer and coronary heart disease. a treatment that combines antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions may be desirable for alleviating many skin conditions that range in severity. therefore, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of resvera ... | 2002 | 11841782 |
| first isolation of trichophyton raubitschekii (syn. t. rubrum) in europe. | trichophyton raubitschekii is a rare dermatophyte which belongs to the trichophyton rubrum species complex. since 1981, only a few cases of dermatophytosis due to this anthropophilic causative agent were published. in this paper the authors report the first cases of tinea corporis caused by trichophyton raubitschekii (syn. t. rubrum) in europe. the patients, one immigrant from ghana and three from cameroon, had typical lesions of tinea corporis. four strains were isolated and characterized by co ... | 2002 | 11856430 |
| reactivity to trichophytin antigen in patients with onychomycosis: effect of terbinafine. | many patients with chronic dermatophytosis and onychomycosis have depressed cell-mediated immunity (cmi) to trichophytin. | 2002 | 11862171 |
| pcr identification of dermatophyte fungi trichophyton rubrum, t. soudanense and t. gourvilii. | diagnosis of dermatophytosis employing conventional laboratory procedures has been complicated by the slow growth and varied morphological features shown by dermatophytes. after analysis of the nucleotide base sequences of a 1.2-kb fragment amplified from a dermatophyte fungus trichophyton rubrum by arbitrarily primed pcr with random primer opd18, a pair of primers (trif and tr1r) was designed and evaluated for specific identification of t. rubrum. the sensitivity of the primers tr1f and tr1r wa ... | 2002 | 11863262 |
| [dermatophyte flora at the dermatology clinic of kimitsu chuo hospital from 1994 through 1999]. | kimitsu chuo hospital is located in the middle of chiba prefecture along tokyo bay. an epidemiological survey of dermatophytosis was made at the dermatology clinic of the hospital from january 1994 through december 1999. dermatophytosis patients numbered 2,580 and disease types were composed of: tinea pedis 1,656 (64.2%), tinea unguium 377 (14.6%), tinea corporis 308 (11.9%), tinea cruris 139 (5.4%), tinea manuum 92 (3.6%), tinea capitis 6 (0.2%) and tinea profunda 2 (0.1%). species frequencies ... | 2002 | 11865297 |
| treatment of tinea pedis with a single pulse of itraconazole. | an open-design, prospective, non-comparative study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole in the treatment of tinea pedis (interdigital-type, hyperkeratotic-type and the combination of both). treatment consisted of one pulse of itraconazole, meaning that each patient received 400 mg/day for one week. clinical and mycologic control examinations were performed at baseline and at the end of treatment; follow-up visits took place at 30 and 60 days after the last medication ... | 2002 | 11872413 |
| [epidemiology and etiology of dermatophytosis in goiânia, go, brazil]. | dermatophytes are a group of closely related fungi that have the capacity to invade keratinized tissue (skin, hair, and nails) of humans and animals to produce infections called dermatophytosis. in order to review the etiology and epidemiology of dermatophytosis in goiânia, go, 1955 specimens with diagnostic suspicion of dermatophytic lesions, were collected from january to december, 1999, from the mycology laboratory in the institute of tropical pathology and public health, federal university o ... | 2002 | 11873256 |
| comparison of two methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of trichophyton rubrum. | | 2002 | 11913509 |
| a chemically modified tetracycline (cmt-3) is a new antifungal agent. | several chemically modified tetracycline analogs (cmts), which were chemically modified to eliminate their antibacterial efficacy, were unexpectedly found to have antifungal properties. of 10 cmts screened in vitro, all exhibited antifungal activities, although their efficacies varied. among these compounds, cmt-315, -3, and -308 were found to be the most potent as antifungal agents. the mics of cmt-3 against 47 strains of fungi in vitro were determined by using amphotericin b (amb) and doxycycl ... | 2002 | 11959581 |
| [epidemiology of dermatomycoses in slovakia]. | the authors analyze the incidence of dermatomycoses in the slovak republic in 1994-1999. they found an increase of these infections in particular epidermophytoses, trichophytoses and candidoses. from 25,762 examined subjects with suspicion of dermatomycosis they isolated in 1990 till 1999 8,237 cultures of dermatophytes. the most frequent causal agent was trichophyton rubrum (81.61%). in the conclusion the authors draw attention to the inevitability of introduction of effective preventive measur ... | 2002 | 11987583 |
| antifungal activity of 5 new synthetic compounds vs. trichophyton rubrum and epidermophyton floccosum. | the antifungal activity of five new synthetic compounds was evaluated on two dermatophytes: epidermophyton floccosum and trichophyton rubrum. the data showed that the imidazo-pyrazole and pyrazolo-thiazoles were not particularly effective, while the two pyrazole-thiocyanates proved highly active on both fungi. the most active 5-amino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolo-4-thiocyanate was chosen to perform sem and tem morphological studies on both fungi. both sem and tem observations revealed interesting al ... | 2002 | 11998873 |
| dermatophytes and other fungi associated with skin mycoses in tripoli, libya. | this study sought to determine the prevalence of skin infections and their causative agents in the libyan population. samples were collected from 2224 patients attending the dermatology clinics of the tripoli medical centre (tmc) between august 1997 and december 1999 and were submitted to a mycology laboratory for analysis. diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination in 1180 cases (53.1%) and the causative agent was isolated and cultured in 1160 cases (52.2%). dermatophytes, malassezia fu ... | 2002 | 12000510 |
| euclidean and fractal computer-assisted corneofungimetry: a comparison of 2% ketoconazole and 1% terbinafine topical formulations. | the corneofungimetry bioassay was designed as a unique model predicting the efficacy of topical and oral antifungals in dermatomycoses. | 2002 | 12037451 |
| study of clinically suspected onychomycosis in a podiatric population. | onychomycosis, by definition, is a mycotic infection of the keratinized tissue of the nail plate. although it is commonly considered to be caused by one of the dermatotropic fungi, a variety of other organisms have been implicated as etiologic agents in the disease, including some bacteria and yeasts. when it is caused by a fungus, any or all of three types of organisms can be involved: dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophyte organisms. the purpose of this study was to identify the microorgan ... | 2002 | 12070232 |
| [in vitro growth of human pathogenic fungi on different stocking fabrics]. | athlete's foot and onychomycosis can be aggravated due to inappropriate footwear. in this study we examined whether stockings of synthetic and mixed fabrics may influence the growth behaviour of the commonly isolated fungi trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes and candida albicans. a standardized suspension of each fungus was given to each sample of twelve stockings of different materials. the size of the growing colonies and the velocity of their growth were measured and compared to ... | 2002 | 12073558 |
| phenotypic characterization of trichophyton rubrum isolates from two geographic locations in brazil. | to characterize possible trichophyton rubrum phenotypes, which circulate in two brazilian localities, we tested 53 isolates of this dermatophyte for their ability to assimilate several carbon sources, for keratinase, proteinase, phospholipase, lipase and desoxiribonuclease (dnase) secretions, and for their susceptibility to the antifungals fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole. for each method, the isolates were submitted to similarity analysis and the methods were evaluated for their discr ... | 2001 | 12086090 |
| use of the sensititre colorimetric microdilution panel for antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes. | the sensititre yeastone antifungal panel was used to test 49 dermatophytes belonging to the species epidermophyton floccosum, microsporum gypseum, microsporum canis, trichophyton tonsurans, trichophyton rubrum, and trichophyton mentagrophytes. the mics of four antifungals obtained with the sensititre yeastone antifungal panel were compared with those obtained by the reference nccls microdilution method. the levels of agreement between the two methods (<or=2 dilutions) were 81.6% with amphoterici ... | 2002 | 12089289 |
| case report. widespread tinea corporis due to trichophyton rubrum. | we report the case of a 36-year-old man who presented large erythematous plaques involving the trunk, face and extremities, since one month. some of these lesions had a psoriasis-like aspect, with abundant superficial scaling. direct microscopic examination of scales removed from the plaques revealed numerous hyphae. cultural examination lead to the identification of trichophyton rubrum species. our case of tinea corporis presented some peculiarities related both to the extension of the lesions ... | 2002 | 12100539 |
| a prospective epidemiological study on tinea pedis and onychomycosis in hong kong. | to study the epidemiology of foot diseases, including tinea pedis and onychomycosis in clinic attendees in hong kong. | 2002 | 12123553 |
| [fungicidal activity of liranaftate against trichophyton rubrum]. | the fungicidal activities of thiocarbamate antifungal agent liranaftate were studied by determining the mic and the mcc against trichophyton rubrum with the milliflex -100 test system and by determining the time-kill curve in comparison to that of six reference agents. liranaftate and lanoconazole both showed excellent fungistatic activity against the conidia of t. rubrum. for each of these agents, the mic after 14 days of contact was 0.009 g/ml. the liranaftate-induced decrease in the mcc occu ... | 2002 | 12145634 |
| urease-positive trichophyton rubrum strains (previously described as t. raubitschekii): first isolations in argentina. | the present study reports the first argentinian human cases of tinea caused by urease-positive trichophyton rubrum strains (corresponding to isolates previously described as t. raubitschekii) in order to supply geographical data for these strains that are very rarely isolated as agents of dermatophytosis. the two isolates were identified by morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics. the strains were isolated from cases of tinea corporis and tinea unguium. | 2001 | 12188013 |
| the skin fungus-induced th1- and th2-related cytokine, chemokine and prostaglandin e2 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris. | it is suggested that skin fungi may be involved in the development of atopic dermatitis (ad) and psoriasis vulgaris (pv). | 2002 | 12190666 |
| deep dermatophytoses in association with atopy and diabetes mellitus: majocchi's granuloma tricophyticum or dermatophytic pseudomycetoma? | two patients presenting with subcutaneous nodules, plaques, papules and ulceration caused by dermatophytes are described in this report. the first case was atopic and had used low dose systemic corticosteroids intermittently for his asthma. the second case was a poorly controlled and long-standing diabetic patient. the diagnoses were suspected after direct microscopical examinations of the discharge materials which revealed the presence of hyaline hyphae and spores, and histological examination ... | 2002 | 12206315 |
| identification of trichophyton rubrum by pcr fingerprinting. | to observe the unique dna profile and the relationship between dna profile and phenotype of trichophyton rubrum,and establish an effective molecular method to identify t. rubrum. | 2002 | 12215296 |
| survey of dermatophyte infections in the lausanne area switzerland. | the dermatophytes are important in the swiss medical environment since 5-10% of consultations in dermatology concern mycotic infections. | 2002 | 12218248 |
| antifungal activity of some mono, bis and quaternary mannich bases derived from acetophenone. | the development of resistance to current antifungal therapeutics drives search for new effective agents. some mannich bases have antifungal activity, but no information is available regarding the antifungal activity of acetophenone derived mannich bases. mono mannich bases of acetophenone 1-3 were synthesized and converted into their corresponding bis derivatives, 5-7. representative quaternary derivatives 4 and 8 were also synthesized. antifungal activities of the compounds were evaluated using ... | 2001 | 11215330 |
| majocchi's granuloma and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in a renal transplant recipient. | renal transplant recipients are predisposed to infection and malignancy because of underlying long-term immunosuppressive therapy. in this case report, a renal transplant patient with coexisting trichophyton rubrum granuloma (majocchi's granuloma) and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (ptld) is presented, showing the undesirable effects of heavy immunosuppression. majocchi's granuloma was probably associated with ptld as a reflection of overimmunosuppression. | 2001 | 11728998 |
| [etiopathogenesis, clinical picture and diagnosis of onychomycoses]. | etiology of onychomycoses: onychomycoses can be caused by dermatophytes, molds and yeasts. however, dermatophytes appear to be the chief organisms capable of a primary attack on the nail. by far the most frequent dermatophytes isolated from nails are trichophyton rubrum, t. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and epidermophyton floccosum. molds virtually only invade toenails, but their role as a primary pathogen is still debated. yeasts have been isolated from diseased nails at highly different ra ... | 2001 | 11432322 |
| tinea capitis due to trichophyton rubrum in a neonate. | tinea capitis is a common infection of school-aged children, but there have been only a few reports of tinea capitis in newborns. furthermore, trichophyton rubrum as a causative organism of tinea capitis is documented very rarely. we report herein a neonate in whom t. rubrum was the causative agent. this boy was successfully treated with three pulses of oral itraconazole solution. | 2002 | 12220286 |
| molecular identification of trichophyton rubrum isolate from a dog by chitin synthase 1 (chs1) gene analysis. | a nonsporulating isolate from a dog with dermatophytosis was identified as trichophyton rubrum by molecular analysis. the nucleotide sequence analysis of the chitin synthase 1 (chs1) gene from the isolate indicated more than 99% sequence similarity with other human and canine isolates of t rubrum. the molecular typing suggested that isolates of t. rubrum from human and canine sources were genetically identical. | 2002 | 12230227 |
| chemical analysis and antifungal activity of the essential oil of calea clematidea. | the chemical composition of the essential oils of calea clematidea baker obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves and flowers was analysed by gc and gc/ms and the oils were assayed for their antifungal activities. the essential oil of the leaves showed a high content of a new natural epoxy terpenoid, named clemateol (ca. 70 %), with minor amounts of o-vanillin (6.5 %), spathulenol (4.2 %), alpha-terpinene (4.0 %), germacrene b (2.9 %), yomogi alcohol (1.8 %), ( e)-caryophylene (1.7 %), m-cyme ... | 2002 | 12357399 |