| screening of antifungal agents using ethanol precipitation and bioautography of medicinal and food plants. | in the search for bioactive compounds, bioautography and ethanol precipitation of macromolecules (proteins, polysaccharides, etc.) of plant aqueous extracts were associated in an antifungal screening. thus, the supernatants, precipitates (obtained by ethanol precipitation) and aqueous extracts were investigated of medicinal and fruit bearing plants used against skin diseases by the brazilian population. the agar diffusion and broth dilution methods were used to assess the activity against three ... | 2004 | 15619579 |
| analysis of part of the trichophyton rubrum ests. | trichophyton rubrum (t. rubrum) is the most common of the superficial fungi. in an effort to better understand the genetic and biochemical makeup of t. rubrum, we generated cdna libraries from 3 growth stages and used these to isolate 4002 unique expressed sequence tags (ests). sequence comparisons with the genbank database allowed 1226 of the ests to be assigned putative functions or matched with homologs from other organisms. of the remaining ests, 989 were only weakly similar to known sequenc ... | 2004 | 15623150 |
| aminopeptidases and dipeptidyl-peptidases secreted by the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum. | the nature of secreted aminopeptidases in trichophyton rubrum was investigated by using a reverse genetic approach. t. rubrum genomic and cdna libraries were screened with aspergillus spp. and saccharomyces cerevisiae aminopeptidase genes as the probes. two leucine aminopeptidases, rulap1 and rulap2, and two dipeptidyl-peptidases, rudppiv and rudppv, were characterized and compared to orthologues secreted by aspergillus fumigatus using a recombinant protein from pichia pastoris. rulap1 is a 33 k ... | 2005 | 15632434 |
| strain differentiation of trichophyton rubrum by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd). | trichophyton rubrum is an important cause of dermatomycoses. molecular strain typing methods have recently been developed to address questions about epidemiology and source of relapse following treatment. this report describes the application of rapd for molecular strain differentiation of this fungus utilizing the primers 1- (5'-d[ggtgcgggaa]-3') and 6- (5'-d[cccgtcagca]-3'). a total of five rapd patterns were observed among 10 strains of t. rubrum, with each of the primers used. we conclude th ... | 2004 | 15654481 |
| widespread and invasive trichophyton rubrum infection mimicking kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with aids. | opportunistic fungal infections are commonly encountered in aids patients. candidiasis, tinea pedis, onychomycosis, and deep mycotic infections have been the fungal infections most frequently reported in these patients. dermatophyte infections can appear to be atypical and aggressive in these patients and may lead to a misdiagnosis. we report a trichophyton rubrum infection in a 44-year-old man with aids that presented as a widespread and multiple tumor-like appearance. after the patient was tre ... | 2004 | 15672716 |
| use of magnetic beads to extract fungal dna. | authors compare two methods of extracting dna from different fungi: the classic method with phenol/chloroform (p/c) and that with magnetic beads. both were tested on candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, belonging to the yeast group and microsporum canis, m. gypseum, trichophyton rubrum, t. interdigitale, t. ajelloi, epidermophyton floccosum, belonging to the dermatophytes group. extraction products underwent polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fingerprinting with the appropr ... | 2005 | 15679657 |
| epidemiology of dermatomycoses in children living in northern greece 1996-2000. | in the 5-years period, 1996-2000, 1045 children under 13 years old were examined for suspected dermatomycosis. in 611 cases fungi were isolated. male children were mainly affected on the scalp and body area. girls were more affected in the location of the arms and legs. there was a greater proportion of cases in the age range 2-12 years. the most prominent fungus was microsporum canis (515 cases) followed by trichophyton rubrum (34) and candida albicans (20). tinea capitis (280 cases) mainly cau ... | 2005 | 15679659 |
| retrospective study of onychomycosis in italy: 1985-2000. | cases of onychomycosis diagnosed by mycological examination in three mycology units (florence, siena and milan) of central and northern italy over the 15-year period, 1985-2000, were studied retrospectively. the number of cases was 4046 (1952 women, 2094 men). dermatophytes were isolated in 2859, yeasts in 655 and moulds in 532 cases. the most frequent dermatophyte was trichophyton rubrum (87%), followed by t. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (10%). candida albicans (93.2%) was the prevalent ye ... | 2005 | 15679665 |
| trichophyton rubrum-induced inflammatory tinea capitis in a 63-year-old man. | tinea capitis caused by trichophyton rubrum is a rare event worldwide. we report on an elderly otherwise healthy man with inflammatory fungal disease of the scalp caused by this pathogen. he had no signs of concomitant mycosis of the skin and nails and no underlying immunosuppressive disease. the fungal infection primarily had been misdiagnosed in terms of a pyoderma. failure of antibiotic treatment, a positive mycological study and molecular diagnostics eventually led to the correct diagnosis. ... | 2005 | 15679672 |
| biochemical characterization of terbinafine-resistant trichophyton rubrum isolates. | we investigated the biochemical basis for resistance in six sequential clinical isolates of trichophyton rubrum, from the same patient, which exhibited high-level primary resistance to terbinafine. cellular ergosterol biosynthesis was measured by incorporation of [14c]acetate, and microsomal squalene epoxidase was assayed by conversion of [3h]squalene to squalene epoxide and lanosterol. direct comparison was made with a terbinafine-susceptible reference strain of t. rubrum in which squalene epox ... | 2004 | 15682641 |
| [dermatophyte species isolated from patients prediagnosed as onychomycosis and the value of fungal culture]. | in this study, the clinical specimens taken from 390 patients who were prediagnosed as onychomycosis have been investigated by direct microscopy and culture methods, in the mycology unit of central laboratory of kocaeli university medical faculty. twenty-one (41.2%) of the 51 microscopically positive samples revealed positive cultures for dermatophytes, whereas 32 (9.4%) samples were culture positive among the 399 samples which were microscopically negative. the most frequently isolated dermatop ... | 2004 | 15700670 |
| prevalence of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in barcelona schoolchildren. | although dermatophytoses can appear at any age, some types are particularly prevalent in children. there are no prior data on the prevalence of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in barcelona, spain. to identify the prevalence of tinea in school children in the area with the highest immigrant population in this city, a cross-sectional study was performed. a second objective was to identify the etiologic agent to study the possibility of the introduction of foreign dermatophyte species and to evaluate ... | 2005 | 15702042 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of dragon's blood from croton urucurana against dermatophytes. | based on ethnobotanical approach, the dragon's blood collected from croton urucurana baill. bark (euphorbiaceae) was tested for antifungal activity against five dermatophytes by paper disk diffusion method. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) showing no visible fungal growth was also determined, using tube dilution technique. the test dermatophytes were tricophyton tonsurans, trichophyton mentagrophytes, trichophyton rubrum, microsporum canis and epidermophyton floccossum. the dragon's bl ... | 2005 | 15707783 |
| [dermatophytoses due to microsporum gypseum: report of eight cases and literature review]. | microsporum gypseum is a geophilic fungus infrequent agent of human dermatophytoses and world-wide in distribution. in cadiz, spain, between 1997 and 2003, a study of 133 positive cases showed that the fifth more isolated dermatophyte was m. gypseum (6.0%), followed by trichophyton mentagrophytes (24,8%), microsporun canis (24,6%), trichophyton rubrum (21,8%) y trichophyton violaceum (6,8%). during 2003 the infection due to this fungus has been repeatedly observed in our area (17.5%). we report ... | 2004 | 15709790 |
| trichophyton rubrum isolated from aids and human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in são paulo, brazil: antifungal susceptibility and extracellular enzyme production. | in order to identify intraspecific variations in trichophyton rubrum and to correlate them to the immunological status of the host, sixty strains isolated from aids, hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients were compared for the production of extracellular enzymes and for their susceptibility to several antifungal drugs. | 2005 | 15722629 |
| antifungal effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid pdt in trichophyton rubrum. | in the present investigation, we have shown for the first time that the onychomycosis-inducing dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum was able to metabolize 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala) to protoporphyrin ix (ppix) in liquid culture medium. we have established and optimized the culture conditions and could show the typical ppix-induced red fluorescence which was evaluated qualitatively by wood's light examination and fluorescent microscopic analysis. the optimum concentration of ala was in the range of ... | 2005 | 15743426 |
| proteolytic peptide patterns as indicators for fungal infections and nonfungal affections of human nails measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | the discrimination of onychomycoses from endogenous diseases showing macroscopically similar symptoms is difficult. long-lasting but ineffective antifungal therapies using systemic medicaments with often severe adverse reactions may be the consequence. we introduce a novel mass spectrometric method for the discrimination of fungal infections and nonfungal affections. horn samples from patients infected by trichophyton rubrum, from patients with psoriasis affecting nails, and from healthy persons ... | 2005 | 15745754 |
| [superficial mycoses: comparative study between type 2 diabetic patients and a non-diabetic control group]. | superficial mycoses are considered to affect more frequently patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (dm-2), specially onychomycosis and tinea pedis. the purpose of this study was to compare the dermatophytoses, candidiasis and pitiriasis versicolor frequency between 40 patients with dm-2 and 40 healthy persons of either sex, 40 years old or more. clinical, metabolic, mycologic and inmunologic studies against candida albicans, were carried out. both diabetics 75% (30/40) and controls 65% (26/40) ... | 2005 | 15782538 |
| antifungal activity and studies on mode of action of novel xanthoxyline-derived chalcones. | chalcones and chalcone-like compounds, most of them new ones, prepared by base-catalyzed condensation of appropriate aldehydes and xanthoxyline, were tested for antifungal properties against a panel of yeasts, hialohyphomycetes as well as dermatophytes with the agar dilution assay. results indicate that neither the sole presence of a "xanthoxyline-like" substitution pattern nor a 2'-oh substituent on ring a are sufficient for these compounds to have antifungal properties. the chalcone 3-(2-chlor ... | 2005 | 15799012 |
| fungal infection of the feet in soccer players and non-athlete individuals. | this study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of mycoses affecting the feet of soccer players and to compare this results with those in non-athlete individuals of the same age and sex. initial evaluation consisted of a dermatological examination of the foot in 22 chinese athletes, 83 brazilian athletes and 24 brazilian non-athletes. scales of plantar skin, interdigital and subungual areas of the foot were collected for mycological examination (direct and culture). nail clippings were obtai ... | 2005 | 15813681 |
| evaluation of broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing conditions for trichophyton rubrum. | fifty clinical isolates of trichophyton rubrum were selected to test with ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, griseofulvin, and terbinafine by following the national committee for clinical laboratory standards susceptibility testing guidelines for filamentous fungi (m38-a). in addition, other susceptibility testing conditions were evaluated: (i) three medium formulations including rpmi 1640 (standard medium), mcveigh & morton (mvm), and sabouraud dextrose broth (sdb); (ii) two incubation te ... | 2005 | 15815018 |
| [dermatophytosis with concurrent lesions in distant locations. prognostic and therapeutic significance]. | recurrence and a lack of treatment response are common in dermatophytosis. in patients with cutaneous and concurrent toenail lesions, often only the former are investigated, which may result in inappropriate treatment due to misdiagnosis. | 2005 | 15826541 |
| antifungal activity of ocimum gratissimum towards dermatophytes. | the development of more effective and less toxic antifungal agents is required for the treatment of dermatophytosis. plants and their preparations have been used as medicines against infectious diseases. extracts of ocimum gratissimum leaves were investigated for in vitro antifungal activity, using agar dilution technique against dermatophytes. the extracts (hexane, chloroform fractions, the essential oil and eugenol) produced antifungal activities against microsporum canis, m. gypseum, trichoph ... | 2005 | 15842332 |
| dermatophyte infections in the ljubljana region, slovenia, 1995-2002. | we studied dermatophyte infections in patients, examined in the mycological laboratory of the department of dermatology, university medical centre ljubljana during the period 1995-2002. a total of 42,494 samples were collected from 33,974 patients suspected to have dermatomycosis. dermatophytes were identified in 8286 (71.2%) positive cultures. microsporum canis was the most frequent dermatophyte isolated (46.8%), followed by trichophyton rubrum (36.7%), t. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (7.9 ... | 2005 | 15842334 |
| nine male cases of tinea genitalis. | nine cases of tinea genitalis observed in siena and terni (italy) between 1988 and 2003 are reported because of their infrequency. the patients were males ranging in age from 23 to 45 years. the lesions, situated on the penis, glans and scrotum, were preceded by dermatophytosis in other sites (groin five cases; feet two cases; toenails two cases; hands in one; beard in another). mycological examination consisting of direct microscopy and culture led to isolation of trichophyton rubrum in five ca ... | 2005 | 15842338 |
| comparison of in vitro activities of antifungal drugs and ethanolic extract of propolis against trichophyton rubrum and t. mentagrophytes by using a microdilution assay. | the in vitro activities of propolis against 29 strains of dermatophytes were compared with those of terbinafine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and fluconazole. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined according to a national committee for clinical laboratory standards broth microdilution method. among the systemic antifungals tested, terbinafine was the most potent. propolis showed important antifungal activity and it merits further investigation as a potentially useful agent for t ... | 2005 | 15842339 |
| superficial fungal infections seen at the national skin centre, singapore. | cutaneous fungal infections are common in singapore. the national skin centre is a tertiary referral centre for dermatological diseases in the country, and sees more than 2,500 cases of superficial fungal infections annually. | 2005 | 15864251 |
| identification of trichophyton rubrum by nested pcr analysis from paraffin embedded specimen in trichophytia profunda acuta of the glabrous skin. | trichophytia profunda acuta of the glabrous skin (tpags) arose in a 67-year-old japanese man. the patient presented indurated erythematous plaques and nodules on his left forearm. direct microscopic examination of the scale in koh preparation was negative for fungal elements, and culture for dermatophytes was also negative. although fungal infection could not be proven in hematoxillin-eosin stained sections, deep-cut sections of the biopsied skin lesion with pas stain revealed the ectothrix pres ... | 2005 | 15864260 |
| repetitive-sequence-pcr-based dna fingerprinting using the diversilab system for identification of commonly encountered dermatophytes. | the performance of repetitive-sequence-based pcr (rep-pcr) using the diversilab system for identification of dermatophytes commonly isolated in a clinical laboratory was assessed by comparing results to those of conventional tests (colony morphology, microscopic examination of slide cultures, and, for suspected trichophyton species, use of additional media). sixty-one cultures were tested in phase 1, the feasibility portion of the study; 64 additional cultures were tested in phase 2, the validat ... | 2005 | 15872233 |
| a prospective epidemiologic survey on the prevalence of onychomycosis and dermatophytosis in male boarding school residents. | dermatophyte infections and onychomycosis are not usually serious in term of mortality; however, they may have significant clinical consequences such as secondary bacterial infections, chronicity, therapeutic difficulties and esthetic disfigurement in addition to serving as a reservoir of infection. our aim was to determine the prevalence of onychomycosis and dermatophytosis in a selected high risk group, consisting of male boarding school residents. a total of 410 males inhabiting two houses we ... | 2005 | 15883717 |
| tinea cruris in routine urology practice. | tinea cruris is almost exclusively a male dermatophytosis. this infection is also sexually transmitted, and may cause epidemics in public areas such as common bathing facilities, dormitories and among military recruits. it has been aimed to investigate the prevalence and the causative agents of tinea cruris and tinea pedis in patients who were admitted to the department of urology with various pathologies. | 2005 | 15897702 |
| antidermatophyte activity of ether extract of nigella sativa and its active principle, thymoquinone. | the antifungal activity of ether extract of nigella sativa seed and its active principle thymoquinone was tested against eight species of dermatophytes: four species of trichophyton rubrum and one each of trichophyton interdigitale, trichophyton mentagrophytes, epidermophyton floccosum and microsporum canis. agar diffusion method with serial dilutions of ether extract of nigella sativa, thymoquinone and griseofulvin was employed. the incubation was carried out at 30 degrees c for 14 days. the di ... | 2005 | 15908151 |
| [evaluation the antimycotic activity of itraconazole in human stratum corneum with vitro fungi cultivation]. | to establish a new model to evaluate the antifungal activity of antimycotics. | 2005 | 15949332 |
| amino acid substitution in trichophyton rubrum squalene epoxidase associated with resistance to terbinafine. | there has only been one clinically confirmed case of terbinafine resistance in dermatophytes, where six sequential trichophyton rubrum isolates from the same patient were found to be resistant to terbinafine and cross-resistant to other squalene epoxidase (se) inhibitors. microsomal se activity from these resistant isolates was insensitive to terbinafine, suggesting a target-based mechanism of resistance (b. favre, m. ghannoum, and n. s. ryder, med. mycol. 42:525-529, 2004). in this study, we ha ... | 2005 | 15980358 |
| dermatophytoses in forestry workers and farmers. | to assess the frequency of superficial mycoses in forestry workers and farmers in the rural region of duzce, a total of 467 residents of the rural region were examined for dermatomycosis infection. of these, 349 were forestry workers and 118 farmers. all specimens collected were analysed by direct microscopy and culture. tinea pedis et manus was found in 23 (19.4%), and onycomycosis in 21 (17.7%) farmers. tinea pedis et manus was found in 50 (14.3%), and onycomycosis in 28 (8%) forestry workers. ... | 2005 | 15982208 |
| bilateral breast enlargement due to trichophyton rubrum. | gynecomastia is the most common cause of breast enlargement in males. trichophyton rubrum is a common dermatophyte, is responsible for a variety of infections, and may rarely manifest as a dermatophytic pseudomycetoma. we report the case of a 52-year-old man who presented with progressive bilateral breast enlargement. this is the first reported case of bilateral breast pseudomycetoma due to t. rubrum. long-term antifungal therapy with itraconazole was successful. | 2006 | 15998588 |
| trichophyton rubrum skin infection in two premature infants. | trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophyte that causes tinea infection in adults and children but infection is surprisingly rare in the preterm infant. we present two cases of t. rubrum infection in preterm infants, in which mother-to-child transmission appears to have occurred. we describe the clinical features, differential diagnosis, appropriate investigation and management of this condition. | 2005 | 16014146 |
| single strains of trichophyton rubrum in cases of tinea pedis. | multiple colonies of trichophyton rubrum were isolated from single skin specimens from 10 patients with tinea pedis and were typed using a pcr-based analysis of repeats in the rrna intergenic spacer. in each case only a single strain type of t. rubrum was isolated, suggesting a monotypic aetiology of tinea pedis. this is in contrast to the multiple strains previously shown to be involved in many cases of onychomycosis. | 2005 | 16014424 |
| onychomycosis in ceará (northeast brazil): epidemiological and laboratory aspects. | knowledge of epidemiological and mycological characteristics of onychomycosis has been noted by many authors as being an important tool for control of these fungal infections. this study seeks to improve knowledge of onychomycosis epidemiology and mycological features. samples were taken from infected fingernails and toenails of 976 patients undergoing treatment at a respected dermatology center in ceará, fortaleza, ce, brazil. specimens from 512 patients (52%) were positive for onychomycosis. f ... | 2005 | 16021299 |
| first report on autochthonous urease-positive trichophyton rubrum (t. raubitschekii) from south-east europe. | trichophyton raubitschekii is a dermatophyte belonging to the t. rubrum complex and is differentiated principally by its positive urease activity and production of profuse macroconidia and microconidia in culture. it is classically isolated from african, south-east asian and australian aboriginal patients with tinea corporis or tinea cruris. | 2005 | 16029346 |
| antifungal susceptibilities of dermatophytic agents isolated from clinical specimens. | the aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility to four antifungal agents: ketoconazole, terbinafine, itraconazole and fluconazole, of the different species of dermatophyte strains isolated from clinical specimens. a total of 128 specimens were collected from toe nail, foot, inguinal region, trunk, hands and head. the dermatophytes tested included trichophyton rubrum 108 (84.4%), trichophyton mentagrophytes 11 (8.6%), epidermophyton floccosum 5 (3.9%), microsporum canis 2 (1.5%) and ... | 2005 | 16048753 |
| in vitro antifungal assay of traditional argentine medicinal plants. | methanol extracts from 11 traditionally used argentine medicinal plants were assayed in vitro for antifungal activity against yeasts, hialohyphomycetes as well as dermatophytes with the microbroth dilution method. among them, the strongest effect was presented by eupatorium buniifolium and terminalia triflora, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum being the most susceptible species with mics ranging from 100 to 250 microg/ml. lithrea molleoides showed the broadest spectrum of actio ... | 2005 | 16055292 |
| dermatophytes growth curve and in vitro susceptibility test: a broth micro-titration method. | the introduction of systemic antifungal drugs which act upon different targets is the main issue of the in vivo antifungal resistance control. different factors, such as growth curve phase, quality of the specimen, quantity of the inoculum, temperature, ph, culture medium composition, incubation duration and solvent, are believed important factors affecting minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) value to most of the antifungal agents. we assayed an in vitro susceptibility test with 40 isolates o ... | 2005 | 16110777 |
| eighty-four consecutive cases of tinea faciei in siena, a retrospective study (1989-2003). | consecutive cases of tinea faciei diagnosed in siena between 1989 and 2003 were studied retrospectively for differences in clinical form, demographic data and species of dermatophyte isolated. the series consisted of 84 cases (59 females, 25 males) with a mean age of 27 years. mean age of females (32.4 years) was significantly greater than that of males (14.2 years). the dermatophytes most frequently isolated were microsporum canis (38 cases) and trichophyton rubrum (31 cases). clinical form was ... | 2005 | 16115106 |
| the importance of mycological investigations in diagnostics of nail changes. | the aim of the study was an analysis of correlation between mycological examination results and clinical features of changed toenails in patients that visited mycological laboratory due to suspected onychomycosis. | 2005 | 16119622 |
| patients at risk of onychomycosis--risk factor identification and active prevention. | objectives: the aims of this workshop were to identify risk factors for onychomycosis and to reach consensus on the management of high-risk groups to allow the development of guidelines to help doctors recognize risk factors that complicate treatment. results and conclusions: previous trichophyton rubrum infection, older age, abnormal nail morphology, immunodeficiency and genetic factors were identified as risk factors for initial infections. risk factors for recurrence (relapse and re-infection ... | 2005 | 16120200 |
| genetic predisposition--understanding underlying mechanisms of onychomycosis. | there are numerous factors that predispose to onychomycosis including genetic predisposition, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, vascular disease and psoriasis. | 2005 | 16120201 |
| [enzyme activities of dermatophytes isolated from different clinical samples by apizym method]. | dermatophytes' enzymes may have a role in chronic superficial infections. in this study it was planned to investigate the possible relationship between the enzymatic activities of the dermatophytes and acute or chronic course of the infections. dermatophytes were isolated from 58 (72%) out of 81 patients with superficial infections. the infections were divided into two groups as acute (< or = 6 weeks) or chronic (> 6 weeks). isolated fungi were identified by the classical methods and apizym meth ... | 2005 | 16128029 |
| in vitro antimycotic activity and nail permeation models of a piroctone olamine (octopirox) containing transungual water soluble technology. | several in vitro studies with a new medical device (myfungar) containing 0.5% of piroctone olamine (cas 68890-66-4, octopirox) in a hydroxypropyl chitosan hydroalcoholic solution were performed. the chemical name of the active ingredient is 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6 (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2(1h)-pyridone; combination with 2-amino-ethanol (1:1). the antimycotic activity was determined in the most common fungi responsible of nail infections such as candida parapsilosis, scopulariopsis brevicaulis or tr ... | 2005 | 16149717 |
| chemical composition and antidermatophytic properties of volatile fractions of hexanic extract from leaves of cupressus lusitanica mill. from cameroon. | the chemical composition of five column fractions of hexanic leaf extract of cupressus lusitanica were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and then tested for their antidermatophytic activities using the agar dilution method. the first fraction (f(1)) has only hydrocabon monoterpenes with alpha-pinene (80.0%) as major component. the main constituents of the second fraction (f(2)) were epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (35.3%), epi-zonarene (10.3%), 1s, cis-calamen ... | 2006 | 16169171 |
| markers for host-induced gene expression in trichophyton dermatophytosis. | dermatophytes are adapted to infect keratinized tissues by their ability to utilize keratin as a nutrient source. although there have been numerous reports that dermatophytes like trichophyton sp. secrete proteolytic enzymes, virtually nothing is known about the patterns of gene expression in the host or even when the organisms are cultured on protein substrates in the absence of a host. we characterized the expression of an aminopeptidase gene, the trichophyton mentagrophytes homolog of the tri ... | 2005 | 16177334 |
| onychomycosis in adana, turkey: a 5-year study. | onychomycosis results from invasion of the nail plate by dermatophytes, yeasts or mould species of fungi. this report documents the etiological agents of onychomycosis in adana, turkey. | 2005 | 16207188 |
| [prevalence and clinical aspects of superficial mycosis in hospitalized diabetic patients in tunisia]. | the prevalence of mycotic infection seems to be higher among diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic population. the aims of this study were to determine the frequency of mycosis and to compare clinical and fungal results. | 2004 | 16235595 |
| analysis of dermatomycoses in lanzhou district of northwestern china. | the skin mycoses, perticularly dermatophytoses, in lanzhou district, northwestern china, was investigated during july 2002-june 2003. the specimens from patients suspected of having dermatomycoses were examined microscopically in koh preparations and cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar (sda). among 1443 suspected cases, 594 were koh positive and 221 cultures of fungi were isolated. the most frequently isolated fungi were trichophyton rubrum (43.9%) trichophyton mentagrophytes (29.4%) and candida ... | 2005 | 16244895 |
| [analysis of secreted proteases of trichophyton rubrum]. | secreted proteases are thought as potential virulent factors of tricophyton rubrum. based on cdna libraries of 6 physiological phases of tricophyton rubrum, 9683 unique ests were obtained by dna sequencing. by bioinformatic analysis, 18 ests of putative secreted proteases were obtained from the established ests library, including 4 secreted peptidases, 1 secreted metalloprotease, 2 extracellular serine proteases, 1 secreted aspartic proteinase, 9 secreted subtilisin-like proteases and 1 vacuolar ... | 2005 | 16245880 |
| activity of the triazole antifungal r126638 as assessed by corneofungimetry. | r126638 is a novel triazole exhibiting potent in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against fungal pathogens including dermatophytes and yeasts. | 2006 | 16247249 |
| onychomycosis in children: a survey of 46 cases. | this is a retrospective study of the agents, clinical aspects, sources of infection and therapy of onychomycosis in children. in the period 1989-2000, we observed 46 consecutive children, until 16 years of age with onychomycosis (29 boys, 17 girls, mean age 10.8 years). dermatophytes were isolated in 30 cases (trichophyton rubrum in 22 cases, trichophyton mentagrophytes in five, epidermophyton floccosum in two and trichophyton violaceum in one) and candida spp. in 16, associated with trichophyto ... | 2005 | 16262881 |
| role of chrysosporium keratinophillum in the parasitic evolution of dermatophytes. | anti-dermatophytic activity of chrysosporium keratinophillum against species of the genera trichophyton, microsporum and epidermophyton floccosum was tested in vitro. when c. keratinophillum and different species of dermatophytes were inoculated on sabouraud's dextrose agar plates 2 cm apart, no antagonistic effect of c. keratinophillum on the mycelial growth of dermatophytes was observed. however, conidia production was not observed on the hyphae of trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton tonsurans a ... | 2005 | 16262884 |
| scenario of chronic dermatophytosis: an indian study. | chronic dermatophytosis was observed in 2276 (10.02%) of 22 692 patients with dermatophytosis during a period of 5.5 years. males were affected at least 3 times more frequently than females. the age group most commonly affected was between 20 and 40 years of age. females were affected more between the ages of 30 to 40 years. tinea cruris and tinea corporis were the most common clinical types and tinea pedis was the least common type observed. the most frequent isolate was trichophyton rubrum fol ... | 1997 | 16284811 |
| stimulation, inhibition and death of macrophages infected with trichophyton rubrum. | trichophyton rubrum is the most common pathogen causing dermatophytosis, accounting for approximately 80% of the reported cases of onychomycosis. since 90% of the chronic dermatophyte infections are caused by t. rubrum, it is likely that this pathogen must have evolved mechanisms that evade or suppress cell-mediated immunity. several reports have highlighted the participation of phagocytes in the immune defense against fungi; however, few studies have addressed the role of these cells in dermato ... | 2006 | 16293438 |
| antifungal susceptibility and genetic similarity of sequential isolates of trichophyton rubrum from an immunocompetent patient with chronic dermatophytosis. | chronic cutaneous dermatophytoses caused by trichophyton rubrum are common in immunocompromised patients. in immunocompetent indivuals, the disease is more often associated with onychomycosis and tinea pedis. the aim of this study was to perform antifungal susceptibility tests and genetic analysis of sequential isolates of t. rubrum from an immunocompetent patient with chronic dermatophytosis. antifungal susceptibility tests against griseofulvin, ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole were p ... | 2006 | 16309501 |
| antidermatophytic and bacterial activity of mimosine. | mimosine, a non-protein aromatic amino acid was tested at 100, 50 and 25 microg/ml on some human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. mimosine exhibited total lethality towards trichophyton tonsurans and trichophyton rubrum at 100 microg/ml. among the tested bacteria staphylococcus aureus was inhibited to a larger extent than the other bacteria. the studies revealed mimosine to be potent against fungi rather than bacteria. this study reports the effect of mimosine on dermatophytes for the first time. | 2005 | 16317659 |
| [onychomycosis in morocco: experience of the parasitology and medical mycology laboratory from rabat children hospital (1982-2003)]. | cases of onychomycosis diagnosed by mycological examination in the parasitology and mycology laboratory (children hospital, rabat, marocco) over the 22-year period, between 1982 and 2003, have been reviewed. 17,177 dermatophytes have been isolated in 4,940 patients. dermatophytes presented 61.46% of onychomycosis, yeasts candida albicans were responsible in 25.5%, moulds in 1.53% and for 12% fungi identification was not determined (positive direct examination or negative direct examination and c ... | 2005 | 16330383 |
| effects of pentachloronitrobenzene and some of its known and possible metabolites on fungi. | fungicidal activities of pentachloronitrobenzene and derivatives were tested with candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, and microsporon canis. in relation to pentachloronitrobenzene, no increasing fungistatic activities were found with cysteine derivatives. rising fungistatic activities were seen with pentachlorophenylmethylsulfone and, in some of the strains, with pentachloronitrosobenzene, pentachlorothiophenol, pentachlorophenol, pentachlor ... | 1983 | 16346392 |
| effect of a killer toxin of yeast on eucaryotic systems. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae killer toxin kt 28, which inhibits sensitive yeasts, was shown to have no effect on several pathogenic fungi or on the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. at concentrations of about 0.1 mg/ml, a partial inhibition of the skin pathogenic fungi trichophyton rubrum and microsporum canis was observed at ph 6.5. no pharmacological activity was detected in various tests with several animal organs. | 1988 | 16347605 |
| epidemiology of tinea pedis and toenail tinea unguium in worshippers in the mosques in adana, turkey. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dermatomycosis and the risk factors in those who perform their prayers in the mosques in the city center of adana province. the diagnosis of dermatomycosis was made on the basis of direct microscopy and/or culture in addition to clinical findings. among 461 subjects, 136 (29.5%) had tinea pedis, 23 (5.0%) had tinea unguium, and 21 (4.5%) had both infections simultaneously, with a resulting total of 180 (39.0%) cases of dermatomycosis. the ... | 2005 | 16361711 |
| onychomycosis is no longer a rare finding in children. | onychomycosis was considered uncommon in children. this survey was carried out to estimate the frequency of fungal nail infections in children and adolescents (0-18 years of age) attending our clinic in the last decade and gain more insight into the aetiology and clinics of this entity in the paediatric age group. this study is based on data obtained from 2320 children and adolescents suspected of superficial fungal infection. onychomycosis was diagnosed in 99 cases, representing 19.8% of all my ... | 2006 | 16367820 |
| aetiological agents of tinea capitis in tehran (iran). | a total of 1568 patients with suspected tinea capitis were examined for causative fungal agents between 1994 and 2001. laboratory examination confirmed tinea capitis in 209 patients. males were affected more frequently (67.5%) than females (32.5%) and in both sexes, those who were 3-11 years old, were more infected. trichophyton violaceum was the most common aetiological agent (37.3%) followed by trichophyton schoenleinii (21.5%), microsporum canis (18.6%), trichophyton verrocosum (14.8%), trich ... | 2006 | 16367822 |
| antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (pimpinella anisum l., apiaceae). | antifungal activities of fluid extract and essential oil obtained from anise fruits pimpinella anisum l. (apiaceae) were tested in vitro on clinical isolates of seven species of yeasts and four species of dermatophytes. diffusion method with cylinders and the broth dilution method were used for antifungal activity testing. anise fluid extract showed antimycotic activity against candida albicans, c. parapsilosis, c. tropicalis, c. pseudotropicalis and c. krusei with mic values between 17 and 20% ... | 2005 | 16375827 |
| establishing a method of inoculum preparation for susceptibility testing of trichophyton rubrum and trichophyton mentagrophytes. | a total of 92 clinical isolates of dermatophytes (52 of trichophyton rubrum and 40 of trichophyton mentagrophytes) were selected for testing with six antifungal drugs (terbinafine, griseofulvin, clotrimazole, miconazole, isoconazole, and fluconazole) and two pairs of drug combinations (ketoconazole-cyclopiroxolamine and itraconazole-cyclopiroxolamine). two methods of inoculum preparation for susceptibility testing were evaluated that used (i) inocula consisting only of microconidia of dermatophy ... | 2006 | 16390955 |
| trichophyton rubrum infection of the prepuce. | | 2005 | 16394393 |
| antifungal and new metabolites of myrothecium sp. z16, a fungus associated with white croaker argyrosomus argentatus. | fungal infection is still a life-threatening risk for the immunocompromised population such as aids patients and those who receive treatments with immunosuppressors and/or frequent administrations of wide-spectrum antibiotics, which inevitably lead to the drug resistance and unbalanced microflora populations. the present work was accordingly performed to characterize more potent antifungal metabolites from various cultures of marine fungi residing in white croaker argyrosomus argentatus. | 2006 | 16405700 |
| anti-fungal activity of crude extracts and essential oil of moringa oleifera lam. | investigations were carried out to evaluate the therapeutic properties of the seeds and leaves of moringa oleifera lam as herbal medicines. ethanol extracts showed anti-fungal activities in vitro against dermatophytes such as trichophyton rubrum, trichophyton mentagrophytes, epidermophyton floccosum, and microsporum canis. gc-ms analysis of the chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves showed a total of 44 compounds. isolated extracts could be of use for the future development of ant ... | 2007 | 16406607 |
| tinea profunda cysticum caused by trichophyton rubrum. | a 57-year-old japanese woman developed multiple subcutaneous cysts located on the pubic region, thighs, back, and buttocks. she had been treated with systemic prednisolone and azathioprine for 3 years because of autoimmune hepatitis. histologic examination revealed that the lesions were pseudocysts with numerous spores and hyphae. trichophyton rubrum was identified in culture from the content of several examined cysts. the serum beta-d-glucan level was high (313 pg/ml), and a computed tomographi ... | 2006 | 16427983 |
| fungal heat-shock proteins in human disease. | heat-shock proteins (hsps) have been identified as molecular chaperones conserved between microbes and man and grouped by their molecular mass and high degree of amino acid homology. this article reviews the major hsps of saccharomyces cerevisiae, their interactions with trehalose, the effect of fermentation and the role of the heat-shock factor. information derived from this model, as well as from neurospora crassa and achlya ambisexualis, helps in understanding the importance of hsps in the pa ... | 2006 | 16438680 |
| what defines the quality of patient care in tinea pedis? | the aim of this study has been to evaluate patients with tinea pedis for their demographic data and attitudes affecting the treatment of disease, and to compare the in vitro activity of 10 antifungal agents and to relate them to their in vivo activity. | 2006 | 16441623 |
| the complete dna sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the dermatophyte fungus epidermophyton floccosum. | we report here the complete nucleotide sequence of the 30.9-kb mitochondrial genome of the dermatophyte fungus epidermophyton floccosum. all genes are encoded on the same dna strand and include seven subunits of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ubiquinone oxireductase (nad1, nad2, nad3, nad4, nad4l, nad5, and nad6), three subunits of cytochrome oxidase (cox1, cox2, and cox3), apocytochrome b (cob), three subunits of atp synthase (atp6, atp8, and atp9), the small and large ribosomal ... | 2006 | 16450111 |
| [statistical study of dermatomycosis - observations in sendai national hospital over a 30 year period]. | a statistical 30-year study of dermatomycosis in sendai national hospital (1968-1997) revealed many changes in the prevalent diseases: tinea pedis and tinea unguium constantly increased during this period, and the ratio of the former associated with nail infection finally reached 30% of all tinea pedis patients. on the contrary, tinea corporis and cruris showed a remarkable decreasing tendency. patient age distribution of each disease also showed distinctive changes, generally increasing in the ... | 2006 | 16465134 |
| dermatophytoses in monterrey, méxico. | in the present report we reviewed a total of 2397 cases of dermatophytosis from superficial cutaneous lesions between the years 1978 and 1990. the cases included were from the department of dermatology at the university hospital located in the city of monterrey, méxico. a total of 726 tinea pedis, 613 tinea unguium, 441 tinea capitis, 395 tinea corporis and 222 tinea cruris cases were observed. the most commonly isolated dermatophyte species was trichophyton rubrum (45%), followed by trichophyto ... | 2006 | 16466445 |
| [management of presumed onychomycosis in private practice]. | the aim of this cross-sectional epidemiological survey was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients consulting for presumed onychomycosis and methods of treatment used by dermatologists in private practice. | 2006 | 16495844 |
| [factors associated with palmoplantar or plantar pompholyx: a case-control study]. | disydrosis or pompholyx is a chronic and recurrent form of dermatosis that poses a number of therapeutic issues. the etiopathology of the condition is unclear. the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the palmoplantar and plantar dysidrosis. | 2006 | 16508597 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a novel abc transporter gene in the human pathogen trichophyton rubrum. | a gene encoding an abc transporter in the dermatophyte trichophyton rubrum, trumdr1, was cloned by pcr using degenerate primers. the open reading frame of trumdr1 is 4838 bp long and the deduced amino acid sequence shows high homology with abc transporters involved in drug efflux of other fungi. the effect of chemicals on the expression level of mrnas of this gene was analysed by northern blot. an increase in expression level was observed when the fungus was exposed to ethidium bromide, ketocona ... | 2006 | 16519017 |
| in vitro sensitivity of dermatophytes to urea. | urea is commonly used as a keratolytic substance in the treatment of onychomycoses to improve the penetration of antifungal drugs in the lesion sites. the aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory action of urea on samples of dermatophytes in vitro. | 2006 | 16532219 |
| kerion and dermatophytic granuloma. mycological and histopathological findings in 19 children with inflammatory tinea capitis of the scalp. | inflammatory tinea capitis or kerion is the result of a hypersensitivity reaction to a dermatophytic infection. majocchi's granuloma, in contrast, usually begins as a suppurative folliculitis and culminates in a granulomatous reaction. | 2006 | 16533218 |
| strain differentiation of trichophyton rubrum by randomly amplified polymorphic dna and analysis of rdna nontranscribed spacer. | trichophyton rubrum is the most common pathogen causing dermatophytosis. molecular strain-typing methods have recently been developed to tackle epidemiological questions and the problem of relapse following treatment. a total of 67 strains of t. rubrum were screened for genetic variation by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis, with two primers, 5'-d[ggtgcgggaa]-3' and 5'-d[cccgtcagca]-3', as well as by subrepeat element analysis of the nontranscribed spacer of rdna, using the repe ... | 2006 | 16533991 |
| a study on stability of phenotype and genotype of trichophyton rubrum. | to explore the stability of phenotype and genotype in trichophyton rubrum. | 2006 | 16552482 |
| expression and potential function of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides in dermatophytosis and tinea versicolor. | this study was designed to characterize the role of the human cathelicidin ll-37 in fungal skin infections such as dermatophytosis and tinea versicolor. | 2006 | 16556635 |
| antifungal activity of chromolaena odorata (l.) king & robinson(asteraceae) of cameroon. | an aqueous ethanol extract of leaves of chromolaena odorata and some of its fractions were examined for their antifungal properties by dilution methods on solid and liquid media, using yeasts and filamentous fungi. extract and fractions inhibit the in vitro growth of cryptococcus neoformans, microsporum gypseum, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum with a minimal inhibitory concentration range from 62.5 to 500 microg/ml for the extract and from 25 to 100 microg/ml for fractions. a ... | 2006 | 16567942 |
| antifungal activity of some coumarins obtained from species of pterocaulon (asteraceae). | fractionation of antifungal hexane extracts of the aerial parts of three pterocaulon spp., pterocaulon alopecuroides, pterocaulon balansae and pterocaulon polystachyum (asteraceae) from south brazil traditionally used to treat animal mycoses, afforded the coumarins 5-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxycoumarin, 7-(2',3'-epoxy-3'-methylbutyloxy)-6-methoxycoumarin, 6,7-methylenedioxycoumarin (ayapin), along with a mixture of 6-hydroxy-7-(3'-methylbutyl-2'-en-oxy)-coumarin (prenyletin) and 6-methoxy-7-(3'-m ... | 2006 | 16574360 |
| forty-eight-hour diagnosis of onychomycosis with subtyping of trichophyton rubrum strains. | a novel strategy for the molecular identification of fungal agents of onychomycosis (including trichophyton rubrum) has been designed based on the use of species-specific and universal primers in conjunction with a commercial kit that allows the extraction of dna directly from the nail specimens. the microsatellite marker t1, which is based on a (gt)n repeat, was applied for the species-specific identification of trichophyton rubrum. to evaluate how often scopulariopsis spp. are detected in nail ... | 2006 | 16597871 |
| dermatophyte growth and degradation of human stratum corneum in vitro (pathogenesis of dermatophytosis). | this study was carried out to determine growth of dermatophytes using human stratum corneum in vitro and the degrading effect of keratinases (proteinases) on stratum corneum for a complete understanding of the host parasite relationship. | 2005 | 16599028 |
| antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activity of plagiochasma appendiculatum lehm. et lind. | plagiochasma appendiculatum (aytoniaceae) of the order marchantiales is widely used in the form of paste ethnomedicinally by gaddi tribe in kangra valley for treating skin diseases. in this context, antimicrobical potential of plagiochasma appendiculatum against a wide range of microorganisms was studied. to validate the ethnotherapeutic claims of the plant in skin diseases, wound healing activity was studied, besides antioxidant activity to understand the mechanism of wound healing activity. th ... | 2006 | 16600543 |
| epidemiology of superficial mycosis (tinea pedis, onychomycosis) in elementary school children in istanbul, turkey. | the purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of tinea pedis and onychomycosis in children of elementary school age and to examine the socio-demographic attributes that may be effective in correlation of both mycoses. 3,390 female and 3,768 male children between ages 6-14 have been examined in seven schools. skin scrapings and nail samples were taken from 13 students who were suspected to have tinea pedis and from 49 students who were suspected to have onychomycosis. according to dire ... | 2006 | 16617585 |
| synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial and anticonvulsant activities of some new 3-[2- (5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl/4-carbethoxymethylthiazol-2-yl) imino-4-thiazolidinon-5-ylidene]-5-substituted/nonsubstituted 1h-indole-2-ones and investigation of their structure-activity relationships. | in the present study, 20 new compounds having 3-[2-(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) imino-4-thiazolidinon-5-ylidene]-5-substituted/nonsubstituted 1h-indole-2-one (i-xii) and 3-[2-(4-carbethoxymethylthiazol-2-yl)imino-4-thiazoldinon-5-ylidenel-5-substituted/nonsubstituted ih-indole-2-one (xiii-xx) systems were synthesized. the structures were confirmed by spectral methods (uv, ir, 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, 13c-dept (135), electron impact mass spectrometry) and elemental analysis. all compounds were tested fo ... | 2006 | 16618017 |
| [a new bioassay model of antibiotic susceptibility by corneofungimetry]. | to study the value of a new bioassay model of antibiotic susceptibility by corneofungimetry which is more similar to human internal environment. | 2006 | 16677528 |
| epidemiological and aetiological study on tinea pedis and onychomycosis in algeria. | epidemiological studies on tinea pedis and onychomycosis, common fungal infections, have been conducted in many parts of the world. there are currently no studies of tinea pedis and/or onychomycosis in algeria. the aim of this paper was to study the epidemiology of foot diseases, including tinea pedis and onychomycosis and to identify the aetiological factors of these infections in outpatients attending the department of dermatology of the central hospital of army in algiers, algeria. a total of ... | 2006 | 16681809 |
| [a case of onychomycosis induced by scopulariopsis brevicaulis]. | the patient was a 57-year-old woman who initially consulted our department on may 31, 2002 with a chief complaint of other dermatoses. the initial examination demonstrated deformation of approximately 1/3 of the inner part of the nail plate in the right hallux, in addition to brown discoloration and keratin hypertrophy under the deformed nail plate. koh-prepared direct microscopy revealed the presence of large round spores and hyphae. since colonies similar to those of trichophyton rubrum were o ... | 2006 | 16699490 |
| [an epidemiological survey of dermatomycoses in japan, 2002]. | an epidemiological survey of dermatomycoses and the causative fungus flora of dermatophytoses in japan for 2002 was made on a total number of 72,660 outpatients who visited 14 dermatological clinics throughout japan. the results were as follows: 1) dermatophytosis was the most prevalent cutaneous fungal infection (7,994 cases) seen in these clinics, followed by candidiasis (755 cases) and then malassezia infections (220 cases). 2) among dermatophytoses, tinea pedis was the most frequent (4,813 c ... | 2006 | 16699491 |
| 18s rdna polymerase chain reaction and sequencing in onychomycosis diagnostics. | diagnostic approaches to onychomycosis have traditionally been based on a combination of culture and microscopy. in the present study clinical specimens from 346 patients with suspected onychomycosis were analysed by 18s polymerase chain reaction (detection) followed by sequencing and subsequent database search (identification) in parallel with routine culture on agar (detection and identification). in 49 samples trichophyton rubrum was identified by culture and sequencing. in 67 additional cult ... | 2006 | 16710579 |
| antimicrobial activities of cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde from the chinese medicinal herb cinnamomum cassia blume. | both cinnamomum verum j.s. presl. and cinnamomum cassia blume are collectively called cortex cinnamonmi for their medicinal cinnamon bark. cinnamomum verum is more popular elsewhere in the world, whereas c. cassia is a well known traditional chinese medicine. an analysis of hydro-distilled chinese cinnamon oil and pure cinnamaldehyde by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that cinnamaldehyde is the major component comprising 85% in the essential oil and the purity of cinnamaldehyde in ... | 2006 | 16710900 |