| partial silencing of a hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coa reductase-encoding gene in trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 results in a lower level of resistance to lovastatin and lower antifungal activity. | in the present article, we describe the cloning and characterization of the trichoderma harzianum hmgr gene encoding a hydroxymethylglutaryl coa reductase (hmgr), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of terpene compounds. in t. harzianum, partial silencing of the hmgr gene gave rise to transformants with a higher level of sensitivity to lovastatin, a competitive inhibitor of the hmgr enzyme. in addition, these hmgr-silenced transformants produced lower levels of ergosterol than the wild-type strain ... | 2007 | 17218128 |
| a fermentation system designed to independently evaluate mixing and/or oxygen tension effects in microbial processes: development, application and performance. | in order to evaluate the independent effects of hydrodynamic conditions and/or oxygen tension on culture physiology and productivity, a fermentation system designed to control dissolved oxygen at constant power drawn (p/v) was developed. the system included a fully instrumented 14 l bioreactor coupled to a pc for data acquisition and control. power drawn was measured (using a commercial torquemeter coupled to the shaft) and maintained constant by varying the agitation speed; while gas blending w ... | 2007 | 17225992 |
| in vitro suppression of fungi caused by combinations of apparently non-antagonistic soil bacteria. | we hypothesized that apparently non-antagonistic soil bacteria may contribute to suppression of fungi during competitive interactions with other bacteria. four soil bacteria (brevundimonas sp., luteibacter sp., pedobacter sp. and pseudomonas sp.) that exhibited little or no visible antifungal activity on different agar media were prescribed. single and mixed strains of these species were tested for antagonism on a nutrient-poor agar medium against the plant pathogenic fungi fusarium culmorum and ... | 2007 | 17233750 |
| fermentation and antimicrobial activities of extracts from different species of fungus belonging to genus, trichoderma. | the present paper discusses the effects of the crude extracts of trichoderma spp. on a number of fungal and bacterial organisms. these include paecilomyces variotii, penicillium notatum, nematospora corylii, mucor miehei, bacillus brevis, bacillus subtilis, enterobacter dissolvens and sarcina lutea. the culture broth extracts of different isolates of trichoderma harzianum, t. longibrachiatum and t. koningii cultured in different media were investigated individually for in-vitro antifungal and an ... | 2004 | 17298115 |
| qid74 cell wall protein of trichoderma harzianum is involved in cell protection and adherence to hydrophobic surfaces. | trichoderma is widely used as biocontrol agent against phytopathogenic fungi, and as biofertilizer because of its ability to establish mycorriza-like association with plants. the key factor to the ecological success of this genus is the combination of very active mycoparasitic mechanisms plus effective defense strategies induced in plants. this work, different from most of the studies carried out that address the attacking mechanisms, focuses on elucidating how trichoderma is able to tolerate ho ... | 2007 | 17300969 |
| influence of autoclaved saprotrophic fungal mycelia on proteolytic activity in ectomycorrhizal fungi. | the production of proteolytic enzymes by several strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi i.e., amanita muscaria (16-3), laccaria laccata (9-12), l. laccata (9-1), suillus bovinus (15-4), suillus bovinus (15-3), suillus luteus (14-7) on mycelia of trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma virens and mucor hiemalis and sodium caseinate, yeast extract was evaluated. the strains of a. muscaria (16-3) and l. laccata (9-12) were characterized by the highest activity of the acidic and neutral proteases. taking the m ... | 2007 | 17333458 |
| trichoderma harzianum rifai 1295-22 mediates growth promotion of crack willow (salix fragilis) saplings in both clean and metal-contaminated soil. | we investigated if the plant growth promoting fungus trichoderma harzianum rifai 1295-22 (also known as "t22") could be used to enhance the establishment and growth of crack willow (salix fragilis) in a soil containing no organic or metal pollutants and in a metal-contaminated soil by comparing this fungus with noninoculated controls and an ectomycorrhizal formulation commercially used to enhance the establishment of tree saplings. crack willow saplings were grown in a temperature-controlled gro ... | 2007 | 17345130 |
| in vitro biocontrol analysis of alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler under different environmental conditions. | the species trichoderma harzianum was analyzed as possible biocontrol agent of alternaria alternata under different environmental conditions (water activity and temperature). the strains were analyzed macroscopically to obtain the index of dominance. the analysis was completed using two microscopic techniques. t. harzianum showed dominance on contact over a. alternata at all testing temperatures and water activities tested except at 0.95 a(w) and 15 degrees c, at which t. harzianum inhibited a. ... | 2007 | 17356789 |
| biological control of botrytis gray mould on tomato cultivated in greenhouse. | research was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the biological control of the botrytis gray mould, caused by botrytis cinerea pers., one of the most important fungal diseases of the tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.). biological control was performed by using trichoderma harzianum rifai, an antagonist that is a naturally occurring fungus found on some plants and in the soil worldwide. trichoderma spp. are fungi diffused in nearly all agricultural soils and in other environments suc ... | 2006 | 17390837 |
| use of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride for the biological control of meloidogyne incognita on tomato. | trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma viride were tested for their capacity to reduce the incidence of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita on tomato. in vitro studies demonstrated that all tested isolates were effective in causing nematode mortality compared with the control. trichoderma slightly reduced nematode damage to tomato in vivo. treatment of the soil with the biocontrol agents before transplanting, improved control over treatment directly at transplanting. the trichoderma isol ... | 2006 | 17390844 |
| biochemical characterization of biocontrol agents used for control of root pathogens. | due to low microbial biodiversity in the nutrient solution and the root, open and closed hydroponic systems are regarded as sensitive from biological point of view. this is of particular importance as an enhanced spread of root pathogen may occur in closed hydroponic systems and possibilities for chemical control are restricted. biocontrol agents appear to be a feasible alternative. for an effective use of these agents, knowledge on the behaviour, external requirements and the specific capabilit ... | 2006 | 17390847 |
| screening of bioagents against root rot of mung bean caused by rhizoctonia solani. | a laboratory and green house experiment was carried out on the comparative antagonistic performance of four different bioagents (aspergillus sp. gliocladium virens, trichoderma harzianum and t. viride) isolated from soil against rhizoctonia solani. under laboratory conditions, t. harzianum exhibited maximum (75.55%) mycelial growth inhibition of r. solani. this was followed by t. viride, which showed 65.93% mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen. gliocladium virens was also found to be effec ... | 2006 | 17390853 |
| microscopic and transcriptome analyses of early colonization of tomato roots by trichoderma harzianum. | the capacity of the fungus trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 to colonize roots and stimulate plant growth was analyzed. tobacco seedlings (nicotiana benthamiana) transferred to petri dishes inoculated with t. harzianum conidia showed increased plant fresh weight (140%) and foliar area (300%), as well as the proliferation of secondary roots (300%) and true leaves (140%). the interaction between strain cect 2413 and the tomato-root system was also studied during the early stages of root colonization ... | 2007 | 17407057 |
| [reaction of microorganisms to the digestive fluid of the earthworms]. | the reaction of soil bacteria and fungi to the digestive fluid of the earthworm aporrectodea caliginosa was studied. the fluid was obtained by centrifugation of the native enzymes of the digestive tract. the inhibition of growth of certain bacteria, spores, and fungal hyphae under the effect of extracts from the anterior and middle sections of the digestive tract of a. caliginosa was discovered for the first time. in bacteria, microcolony formation was inhibited as early as 20-30 s after the app ... | 2007 | 17410875 |
| colony morphology mutants of trichoderma harzianum with increased beta-1,4-n-acetyl-glucosaminidase production. | a total of 36 uv-induced mutants with altered colony morphology were isolated from strain trichoderma harzianum t334, a potential biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic fungi with the ability to produce constitutively low levels of chitinases. the level of constitutive beta-1,4-n-acetyl-glucosaminidase production in standing and shaken cultures under non-inductive conditions was tested in mutants and compared to that of the parental strain. about 30% of the mutants showed significantly increa ... | 2007 | 17523389 |
| inhibition of inducible tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression by the fungal epipolythiodiketopiperazine gliovirin. | tnf-alpha is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates further cytokine induction, especially of il-1 and il-6, in many human diseases including cancer, inflammation and immune disorders. in a search for new inhibitors of inducible tnf-alpha promoter activity and expression, cultures of the imperfect fungus trichoderma harzianum were found to produce gliovirin, a previously isolated epipolythiodiketopiperazine. gliovirin inhibited inducible tnf-alpha promoter activity and synthesis in lps ... | 2007 | 17552910 |
| trichoderma harzianum: a biocontrol agent against bipolaris oryzae. | rice brown spot, caused by bipolaris oryzae, can be a serious disease causing a considerable yield loss. trichoderma harzianum is an effective biocontrol agent for a number of plant fungal diseases. thus, this research was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of action by which t. harzianum antagonizes bipolaris oryzae in vitro, and the efficacy of spray application of a spore suspension of t. harzianum for control of rice brown spot disease under field conditions. in vitro, the antagonisti ... | 2007 | 17592758 |
| screening of bioagents against root rot of mung bean caused by rhizoctonia solani. | a laboratory and green house experiment was carried out on the comparative antagonistic performance of four different bioagents (aspergillus sp., gliocladium virens, trichoderma harzianum and t. viride) isolated from soil against rhizoctonia solani. under laboratory conditions, t. harzianum exhibited maximum (75.55%) mycelial growth inhibition of r. solani this was followed by t. viride, which showed 65.93 per cent mycelial growth inhibition of the pathogen. gliocladium virens was also found to ... | 2006 | 17612349 |
| microbial toxicity of pesticide derivatives produced with uv-photodegradation. | our study aimed at acquiring information about the biological effect of pesticides and their degradates produced by uv-treatment on microbiological activity. five photosensitive pesticides (carbendazim, acetochlor, simazine, chlorpyrifos, eptc) and six representative soil microbes (bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens, mycobacterium phlei, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium expansum, trichoderma harzianum) were applied throughout our model experiments. the antimicrobial effects of the pestici ... | 2007 | 17639315 |
| human exposure to airborne fungi from genera used as biocontrol agents in plant production. | the fungi trichoderma harzianum, t. polysporum, t. viride, paeciliomyces fumosoroseus, p. lilacinus, verticillium/lecanicillium lecanii, ulocladium oudemansii, u. atrum and beauveria bassiana are used or considered to be used for biocontrol of pests and plant diseases. human exposure to these fungi in environments where they may naturally occur or are used as biocontrol agents has not been directly investigated to date. this review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of human ex ... | 2007 | 17655172 |
| [mycoparasites effect on reproductive ability of sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia.]. | the ability to parasitise sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the effect on apothecia production was evaluated for the following antagonists: trichoderma harzianum; trichoderma koningii; gliocladium roseum and chaetomium globosum. plastic trays were filled with of steam-sterilized soil. each one of them was infested with sclerotia of s. sclerotiorum and the culture of the antagonists. the trays were kept in a greenhouse and after 30, 60 and 90 days, evaluations were made. the rates of carpogenic germin ... | 1998 | 17655415 |
| chitosan-mediated changes in cell wall composition, morphology and ultrastructure in two wood-inhabiting fungi. | the effect of chitosan on cell wall deposition was investigated in the two wood-inhabiting fungal species trichoderma harzianum (cbs 597.91) and sphaeropsis sapinea (nzfs 2725). the study used three independent analytical techniques to quantify chitin in the fungal mycelium. a colorimetric method for the detection of d-glucosamine was compared with two gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms) methods employing alditol acetates analysis and pyrolysis. the latter used a stable-isotope-labelled ... | 2007 | 17707625 |
| application of dna bar codes for screening of industrially important fungi: the haplotype of trichoderma harzianum sensu stricto indicates superior chitinase formation. | selection of suitable strains for biotechnological purposes is frequently a random process supported by high-throughput methods. using chitinase production by hypocrea lixii/trichoderma harzianum as a model, we tested whether fungal strains with superior enzyme formation may be diagnosed by dna bar codes. we analyzed sequences of two phylogenetic marker loci, internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) and its2 of the rrna-encoding gene cluster and the large intron of the elongation factor 1-alpha gene ... | 2007 | 17827332 |
| cloning and characterization of bgn16.3, coding for a beta-1,6-glucanase expressed during trichoderma harzianum mycoparasitism. | to clone and characterize the gene coding for bgn16.3, a beta-1,6-glucanase putatively implicated in mycoparasitism by trichoderma harzianum, a biocontrol agent used against plant pathogenic fungi. | 2007 | 17897233 |
| evaluation of fungal culture filtrate containing chitinase as a biocontrol agent against helicoverpa armigera. | to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of culture filtrate containing chitinase from trichoderma harzianum against heliothis. | 2007 | 17953595 |
| environmental dynamics of bacillus amyloliquefaciens ccmi 1051 antifungal activity under different nitrogen patterns. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental conditions on the antifungal activity of the bacillus sp. ccmi 1053 cultures. | 2008 | 17953685 |
| cloning and heterologous expression of aspartic protease sa76 related to biocontrol in trichoderma harzianum. | trichoderma harzianum is a soil-borne filamentous fungus that exhibits biological control properties because it parasitizes a large variety of phytopathogenic fungi. the production of hydrolytic enzymes appears to be a key element in the parasitic process. among the enzymes released by trichoderma, the aspartic proteases play a major role. a gene (sa76) encoding an aspartic protease was cloned by 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends from t. harzianum t88. the coding region of the gene is 1,593 bp ... | 2007 | 18031337 |
| the logarithmic transformation should be avoided for stabilising the variance of mould growth rate. | radial growth rate, micro (mm d(-1)) was evaluated by plotting the radius of the colony, r (mm) versus time (d) for alternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, cladosporium cladosporioides, mucor racemosus, rhizopus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum at different t and a(w). for each of the 12 data sets, an analysis of variance of the raw growth rate data was performed. it was observed from the p-values that all square-root transformed values of micro were non-significant at the significance level a ... | 2008 | 18031858 |
| desorption of zinc by extracellularly produced metabolites of trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma reesei and coriolus versicolor. | to determine the role of fungal metabolites in the desorption of metals. | 2007 | 18045407 |
| role of bacillus spp. in antagonism between pleurotus ostreatus and trichoderma harzianum in heat-treated wheat-straw substrates. | this study aimed to identify bacteria involved in trichodermaharzianum inhibition while promoting pleurotus ostreatus defences in order to favour cultivation-substrate selectivity for mushroom production. pcr-dgge profiles of total dna from wheat-straw substrate showed weak differences between bacterial communities from substrate inoculated with p. ostreatus with or without t. harzianum. the major cultivable bacteria were isolated from three batches of wheat-straw-based cultivation substrates sh ... | 2008 | 18295481 |
| defence-related gene expression in transgenic lemon plants producing an antimicrobial trichoderma harzianum endochitinase during fungal infection. | constitutive over-expression of antifungal genes from microorganisms involved in plant defence mechanisms represents a promising strategy for conferring genetic resistance against a broad range of plant pathogenic fungi. in the present work, two transgenic lemon clones with the chit42 gene from trichoderma harzianum were tested for resistance to fungal disease and expression level of defence-related genes was evaluated. different resistance-related processes, such as production of reactive oxyge ... | 2008 | 18306055 |
| management of root knot nematode on tomato through application of fungal antagonists, acremonium strictum and trichoderma harzianum. | management of root knot nematode disease infecting tomato, by the use of fungal bioagents acremonium strictum and trichoderma harzianum isolated from egg masses of m. incognita infecting tomato has been carried out. the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of root knot nematode infested tomato revealed consistent association of acremonium strictum. in the present study a. strictum and other fungal bioagents viz. aspergillus niger, paecilomyces lilacinus, rhizoctonia solani and trichoderma harzianum isolat ... | 2008 | 18368544 |
| [filamentous fungi preservation in distilled water.]. | some methods for keeping the fungal culture collection have been used. however, the choice of either one on the basis that must ensure the cultural genetic stability and its phenotipic characteristics. in this work the preservation method in distilled water recognized in the literature as a single, economic and certain method that guarantie the survival of fungus cultures for long periods was used. 26 strains of generus and species: aspergillus niger, aspergillus candidus, fusarium sp., fusarium ... | 1998 | 18473541 |
| substrate conditions that influence the assays used for determining the beta-glucosidase activity of cellulolytic microorganisms. | culture filtrates from trichoderma harzianum e58, t. reesei cl 847 and penicillium sp. c 462 were assayed for beta-glucosidase activity using a range of substrates and sugar analysis methods. although sugar analyses by the dinitrosalicylic acid (dns) and nelson-somogyi methods gave a similar profile, when increasing concentrations of salicin were assayed, considerably higher values were obtained with the dns assay. the salicin concentration used for the assay greatly influenced the final beta-gl ... | 1986 | 18555279 |
| steam-explosion pretreatment of wood: effect of chip size, acid, moisture content and pressure drop. | material balances for pentosan, lignin, and hexosan, during steam-explosion pretreatment of aspenwood, showed almost quantitative recovery of cellulose in the water-insoluble fraction. dilute acid impregnation resulted in more selective hydrolysis of pentosan relative to undesirable pyrolysis, and gave a more accessible substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis. thermocouple probes, located inside simulated aspenwood chips heated in 240 degrees c-saturated steam, showed rapid heating of air-dry wood, w ... | 1986 | 18555395 |
| recycle of enzymes and substrate following enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated aspenwood. | the commercial production of chemicals and fuels from lignocellulosic residues by enzymatic means still requires considerable research on both the technical and economic aspects. two technical problems that have been identified as requiring further research are the recycle of the enzymes used in hydrolysis and the reuse of the re calcitrant cellulose remaining after incomplete hydrolysis. enzyme recycle is required to lower the cost of the enzymes, while the reuse of the spent cellulose will low ... | 1987 | 18581434 |
| the interaction of xylanases with commercial pulps. | when purified xylanases from trichoderma harzianum e58 or from a clone of bacillus circulans were incubated with various low-yield wood pulps, little of the original enzyme activity could be detected in the filtrate at the end of the reaction. partial bleaching of the pulps prior to enzymatic treatment generally resulted in an increased recovery of the xylanase activity. it appears that both nonspecific adsorption and soluble inhibitors may be responsible for the loss of much of the xylanase act ... | 1991 | 18597365 |
| mutanase induction in trichoderma harzianum by cell wall of laetiporus sulphureus and its application for mutan removal from oral biofilms. | the cell wall material from fruiting bodies of laetiporus sulphureus has been suggested as a new alternative to mutan for the mutanase induction in trichoderma harzianum. structural analyses revealed that the alkali-soluble wall fraction from this polypore fungus contained 56.3% of (1-->3)-linked alpha-glucans. when the strain t. harzianum f-340 was grown on a cell wall preparation from l. sulphureus, the maximal enzyme productivity obtained after 3 days of cultivation was 0.71 u/ml. this yield ... | 2008 | 18667864 |
| characterization of a novel fungal chitosanase csn2 from gongronella sp. jg. | a 28kda chitosanase designated as csn2 was purified from the culture broth of the fungus gongronella sp. jg through three chromatography steps: cm-sepharose ff, superdex 200 and sp-sepharose ff. its optimal reaction ph and temperature were ph 5.6 and between 55 degrees c and 60 degrees c. the half-lives of csn2 at 50 degrees c and 55 degrees c were estimated to be 30min and 11min, respectively. the k(m) value of csn2 in sodium acetate buffer (ph 5.6) at 55 degrees c was 8.86mg/ml. mn(2+), ca(2+) ... | 2008 | 18722595 |
| bioactive lipopeptides of ice-nucleating snow bacterium pseudomonas syringae strain 31r1. | the production of secondary metabolite lipopeptides by ice-nucleating pseudomonas syringae strain 31r1 was investigated. pseudomonas syringae strain 31r1 is a rifampicin-resistant derivative of p. syringae no. 31 used for the commercial production of snow. it is shown that p. syringae strain 31r1 produces antifungal lipodepsipeptides, syringomycins e and g, and, in addition, a novel and unique lipopeptide, peptin31. spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses revealed that peptin31 is a linear unde ... | 2008 | 18789127 |
| fungal diversity in the rhizosphere of endemic plant species of tenerife (canary islands): relationship to vegetation zones and environmental factors. | knowledge about fungal diversity scaling relationships relative to that of plants is important to understand ecosystem functioning. tenerife island, a natural laboratory to study terrestrial biodiversity, is represented by six different vegetation zones characterized by specific abiotic conditions and plant communities with a high proportion of endemic plants. little is known about the biodiversity of associated fungi. to understand the relationship between plant and fungal communities, we analy ... | 2009 | 18830279 |
| antagonism of nutrient-activated conidia of trichoderma harzianum (atroviride) p1 against botrytis cinerea. | abstract the effect of preliminary nutrient activation on the ability of conidia of the antagonist trichoderma harzianum (atroviride) p1 to suppress botrytis cinerea was investigated in laboratory, greenhouse, and field trials. preliminary nutrient activation at 21 degrees c accelerated subsequent germination of the antagonist at temperatures from 9 to 21 degrees c; at >/=18 degrees c, the germination time of preactivated t. harzianum p1 conidia did not differ significantly from that of b. ciner ... | 2001 | 18943332 |
| interactions between trichoderma harzianum strain t22 and maize inbred line mo17 and effects of these interactions on diseases caused by pythium ultimum and colletotrichum graminicola. | abstract seed treatment with trichoderma harzianum strain t22, which results in colonization of plant roots but little or no colonization of shoots or leaves, had substantial effects on growth of and disease expression in maize inbred line mo17. shoots and roots of 10-day-old seedlings grown in a sandy loam field soil were larger (roots were nearly twice as long) in the presence of t22 than in its absence. both main and secondary roots were increased in size and area and the root hair area was g ... | 2004 | 18943537 |
| disease progression by active mycelial growth and biocontrol of pythium ultimum var. ultimum studied using a rhizobox system. | abstract this study demonstrates that outward growth of mycelium from primary foci through bulk potting mix to roots of adjoining plants can be an important means of spread of damping-off and root rot caused by pythium ultimum. the use of a rhizobox system, which confines plant roots, enabled us to study the spread of actively growing mycelium between root systems placed at precise distances from each other. in steamed potting mix, hyphae of p. ultimum on average grew 9.6 cm from diseased root t ... | 2000 | 18944533 |
| expression of endochitinase from trichoderma harzianum in transgenic apple increases resistance to apple scab and reduces vigor. | abstract the goal of this research was to improve scab resistance of apple by transformation with genes encoding chitinolytic enzymes from the bio-control organism trichoderma harzianum. the endochitinase gene, as cdna and genomic clones, was transferred into apple cv. marshall mcintosh by agrobacterium-transformation. a total of 15 lines were identified as transgenic by nptii enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by southern analysis. substantial differen ... | 2000 | 18944574 |
| the mycoparasite ampelomyces quisqualis expresses exga encoding an exo-beta-1,3-glucanase in culture and during mycoparasitism. | abstract ampelomyces quisqualis, a mycoparasite of fungi causing powdery mildews, exhibited high levels of extracellular exo-beta-1,3-glucanase activity in culture compared with neurospora crassa and gliocladium roseum. a. quisqualis culture filtrates affected powdery mildew caused by sphaerotheca fusca in a manner indicative of cell wall degradation, as determined by microscopic examination. a gene encoding an exo-beta-1,3-glucanase in a. quisqualis, designated exga, was isolated and sequenced. ... | 1999 | 18944674 |
| incorporation of weather forecasting in integrated, biological-chemical management of botrytis cinerea. | abstract a strategy for integrated biological and chemical control of botrytis cinerea in nonheated greenhouse vegetables was developed. the biocontrol agent used was a commercial preparation developed from an isolate of trichoderma harzianum, t39 (trichodex). decisions concerning whether to spray the biocontrol agent or a fungicide were made based on a weather-based disease warning system. the integrated strategy (botman [short for botrytis manager]) was implemented as follows: when slow or no ... | 1997 | 18945177 |
| thctf1 transcription factor of trichoderma harzianum is involved in 6-pentyl-2h-pyran-2-one production and antifungal activity. | we describe the cloning and characterization of the trichoderma harzianum thctf1 gene, which shows high sequence identity with a transcription factor gene of fusarium solani f. sp. pisi. in t. harzianum, disruption of the thctf1 gene by homologous recombination gave rise to transformants that in plate experiments did not show the yellow pigmentation observed in the wild-type strain. in several trichoderma spp. a yellow pigmentation and a coconut aroma have been related to the production of 6-pen ... | 2009 | 19007898 |
| cloning and heterologous expression of ss10, a subtilisin-like protease displaying antifungal activity from trichoderma harzianum. | trichoderma harzianum parasitizes a large variety of phytopathogenic fungi. trichoderma harzianum mycoparasitic activity depends on the secretion of complex mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the host cell wall. a gene (ss10) encoding a subtilisin-like protease was cloned from t. harzianum t88, a biocontrol agent effective against soil-borne fungal pathogens. the full-length cdna was isolated by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of the cdna ends. the coding region of the gene is 1302 bp ... | 2009 | 19025577 |
| an enzyme cocktail for efficient protoplast formation in aspergillus niger. | novozym 234 has been traditionally used to prepare protoplasts for genetic transformation of fungi. since it is no longer on the market, a new enzyme cocktail was defined to protoplast aspergillus niger. the cocktail consists of lysing enzymes from trichoderma harzianum, chitinase from streptomyces griseus and beta-glucuronidase from helix pomatia. | 2009 | 19041907 |
| effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro biological control of fusarium oxysporum by trichoderma harzianum (t8). | in this study the effect of two plant growth regulators (indolacetic acid, iaa and gibberellic acid, ga3) and also trichoderma harzianum (t8) on the phytopathogen fungus fusarium oxysporium (f15) was investigated. iaa and ga3 with 15 and 30 ppm concentration have no significant effect on t. harzianum (t8) growth. the biocontrol activity of t. harzianum on f. oxysporum was slightly decreased by the presence of iaa and/or ga3. addition of 40 ppm of ga3 to the culture medium of f. oxsporum increase ... | 2007 | 19090187 |
| identification of potential marker genes for trichoderma harzianum strains with high antagonistic potential against rhizoctonia solani by a rapid subtraction hybridization approach. | a rapid subtraction hybridization approach was used to isolate genes differentially expressed during mycelial contact between trichoderma harzianum (hypocrea lixii) and rhizoctonia solani, and could serve as marker genes for selection of superior biocontrol strains. putatively positive clones were evaluated by transcription analysis during mycelial contact with r. solani versus growth on glucose, and for their differential transcription between two strains with either strong or poor biocontrol c ... | 2009 | 19116716 |
| identification and investigation on antagonistic effect of trichoderma spp. on tea seedlings white foot and root rot (sclerotium rolfsii sacc.) in vitro condition. | the aim of this two years research work is to recognize bio control agents and its antagonistic efficiency on sclerotium rolfsii in vitro condition. sclerotium rolfsii sacc. is a causal agent of white foot and root rot disease in many plants. this fungi causing damage in tea nurseries of tea cultivated countries especially in iran. due to importance this disease in tea nurseries of iran and impossibility using of chemical control against this damaging agent in this research, five species of tric ... | 2008 | 19137869 |
| attempts to control fusarium root rot of bean by seed dressing. | in summer 2006, a root rot caused by fusarium oxysporum was observed in commercial farms on common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) on the cv billò and borlotto. a study was undertaken in order to evaluate the efficacy of different biological control agents applied as seed dressing. in the presence of a medium-high disease incidence, among the biocontrol agents tested, trichoderma harzianum t 22, bacillus subtilis qst 713, followed by pseudomonas chlororaphis, provided generally the best control. their ... | 2008 | 19226744 |
| a new serine protease gene from trichoderma harzianum is expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | serine proteases are highly conserved among fungi and considered to play a key role in different aspects of fungal biology. these proteases can be involved in development and have been related to biocontrol processes. difficulties in heterologous expression in a bacterial or yeast host have hampered engineering of these proteases for industrial application. we report here a successful expression of the serine protease sl41 from a biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum in saccharomyces cerevisia ... | 2009 | 19235505 |
| effect of entomopathogenic nematodes and trichoderma harzianum on the strawberry black root rot pathogens pratylenchus penetrans and rhizoctonia fragariae. | the effects of inundative releases of entomopathogenic steinernema carpocapsae and s. feltiae infective juveniles and applications of the biological control fungus trichoderma harzianum t-22 (rootshield) on pratylenchus penetrans and strawberry black root rot caused by rhizoctonia fragariae were determined in field microplots and small plots. entomopathogenic nematodes were applied as a soil drench at rates of 7.4 or 14.8 billion per ha in may or august for 3 years. rootshield was applied as cro ... | 2002 | 19265955 |
| trichoderma harzianum endochitinase does not provide resistance to meloidogyne hapla in transgenic tobacco. | eggs of meloidogyne hapla contain chitin, a substrate for chitinase. our goal was to determine if endochitinase from the biocontrol fungus t. harzianum expressed in transgenic tobacco increases resistance to this nematode. endochitinase-transgenic t tobacco seedlings expressing increased endochitinase activity in leaves (11 to 125 times over control) and roots (2 to 15 times over control) were transferred to quartz sand:loam soil mix (4:1 ratio) and inoculated with 5,000 m. hapla eggs/pot. tomat ... | 2000 | 19270979 |
| isolation of fungi from heterodera glycines and in vitro bioassays for their antagonism to eggs. | twenty fungi were assayed in vitro for antagonism to eggs of heterodera glycines. eight of the fungi were isolated from cysts or eggs of h. glycines during the current study, one was isolated from panagrellus redivivus, and eleven were obtained from other researchers or collections. the bioassays were conducted on eggs from nematodes that had been grown monoxenically on excised root tips. phoma chrysanthemicola, one strain of verticillium chlamydosporium, and one strain of v. lecanii caused a de ... | 1990 | 19287754 |
| biodiversity of trichoderma strains in tunisia. | trichoderma strains were sampled in 4 different bioclimatic zones of tunisia, a mediterranean north african country with strong climatic and edaphic variability from north to south, to assess the genetic diversity of endemic species of trichoderma and their relationship to the bioclimatic zones. in all, 53 strains were isolated and identified at the species level by analysis of their internal transcribed spacers regions 1 and 2 (its1 and its2) of the rdna cluster and (or) a fragment of the trans ... | 2009 | 19295648 |
| the influence of trichoderma harzianum on the root-knot fusarium wilt complex in cotton. | wilt-susceptible cultivar 'rowden' cotton was inoculated wilh meloidogyne incognita (n), trichoderma harzianum (t), and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (f) alone and in all combinations in various time sequences. plants inoculated with f alone or in combination with t did not develop wilt, simultaneous inoculation of 7-day-old seedlings with all three organisms (ntf) produced earliest wilt. however, plants receiving nematodes at 7 days and fusarium and trichoderma at 2 or 4 weeks later (n- ... | 1976 | 19308202 |
| [molecular diagnosis of human histoplasmosis in whole blood samples]. | to assess the value of using whole blood samples for the molecular diagnosis of histoplasmosis, we applied an in-house dna extraction method and a nested pcr targeting a 210 bp specific segment of the histoplasma capsulatum hcp100 gene. a whole blood volume of 2.5-3 milliliters was centrifuged and the cellular pellet was treated with trichoderma harzianum lyticase and proteinase k prior to applying a conventional phenol dna extraction. this procedure allowed complete cell lysis, high dna yield a ... | 2009 | 19391520 |
| factors affecting the production of trichoderma harzianum secondary metabolites during the interaction with different plant pathogens. | strains of trichoderma spp. produce numerous bioactive secondary metabolites. the in vitro production and antibiotic activities of the major compounds synthesized by trichoderma harzianum strains t22 and t39 against leptosphaeria maculans, phytophthora cinnamomi and botrytis cinerea were evaluated. moreover, the eliciting effect of viable or nonviable biomasses of rhizoctonia solani, pythium ultimum or b. cinerea on the in vitro production of these metabolites was also investigated. | 2009 | 19413806 |
| induced proteome of trichoderma harzianum by botrytis cinerea. | as a notable biocontrol agent, trichoderma harzianum can antagonize a diverse array of phytopathogenic fungi, including botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani and fusarium oxysporum. elucidating the biocontrol mechanism of t. harzianum in response to the pathogens enables it to be exploited in the control of plant diseases. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) was performed to obtain secreted protein patterns of t. harzianum ets 323, grown in media that contained glucose, a mixture of glucos ... | 2009 | 19422913 |
| a laboratory evaluation to determine the compatibility of microbiological control agents with the pollinator bombus terrestris. | this study was undertaken to identify any potential adverse side effects of the use of seven microbiological control agents (mcas) on the bumblebee, bombus terrestris l., in the context of combined use in integrated pest management (ipm). aq10 (ampelomyces quisqualis), binab-t-vector (hypocrea parapilulifera + t. atroviride; 1/1), prestop-mix (gliocladium catenulatum j1446), serenade (bacillus subtilis qst713), trianum-p (trichoderma harzianum t22), botanigard (beauveria bassiana gha) and granup ... | 2009 | 19437453 |
| genetic and metabolic biodiversity of trichoderma from colombia and adjacent neotropic regions. | the genus trichoderma has been studied for production of enzymes and other metabolites, as well as for exploitation as effective biological control agents. the biodiversity of trichoderma has seen relatively limited study over much of the neotropical region. in the current study we assess the biodiversity of 183 isolates from mexico, guatemala, panama, ecuador, peru, brazil and colombia, using morphological, metabolic and genetic approaches. a comparatively high diversity of species was found, c ... | 2009 | 19439189 |
| biological conversion of olive pomace into compost by using trichoderma harzianum and phanerochaete chrysosporium. | olive pomace was composted by using a reactor for a period of 50 days in four bioreactors. urea was added to adjust c/n ration between 25-30. at the end of 50 days of composting using trichoderma harzianum and phanerochaete chrysosporium, cellulose and lignin were highly degraded. it was found that after 30 days, p. chrysosporium and t. harzianum degraded approximately 71.9% of the lignin and 59.25% of the cellulose, respectively. the percent of ash content in the raw waste mixture was 13%. this ... | 2009 | 19467866 |
| cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology of saprotrophs and the pathogen heterobasidion annosum in the presence of suillus bovinus metabolites. | ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to synthesize antifungal compounds both in vitro and in symbiosis with the host-plants. culture filtrates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus suillus bovinus (at phs of 2.5-6) showed antifungal activity towards saprotrophs trichoderma harzianum, and trichoderma virens and the pathogen heterobasidion annosum, by significantly suppressing their growth relative to sterile liquid medium at the same phs. in the presence of the culture filtrates, hyphae of the saprotrophs and ... | 2009 | 19539761 |
| the thpg1 endopolygalacturonase is required for the trichoderma harzianum-plant beneficial interaction. | considering the complexity of the in vivo interactions established by a mycoparasitic biocontrol agent at the plant rhizosphere, proteomic, genomic, and transcriptomic approaches were used to study a novel trichoderma gene coding for a plant cell wall (pcw)-degrading enzyme. a proteome analysis, using a three-component (trichoderma spp.-tomato plantlets-pathogen) system, allowed us to identify a differentially expressed trichoderma harzianum endopolygalacturonase (endopg). spot 0303 remarkably i ... | 2009 | 19589077 |
| contribution of the saprobic fungi trametes versicolor and trichoderma harzianum and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi glomus deserticola and g. claroideum to arsenic tolerance of eucalyptus globulus. | the presence of high concentrations of arsenic (as) decreased the shoot and root dry weight, chlorophyll and p and mg content of eucalyptus globulus colonized with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi glomus deserticola or g. claroideum, but these parameters were higher than in non-am plants. as increased the percentage of am length colonization and succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) activity in the root of e. globulus. trichoderma harzianum, but not trametes versicolor, increased the shoot and root ... | 2009 | 19648001 |
| increase of laccase activity during interspecific interactions of white-rot fungi. | white-rot fungi are of interest due to their ability to degrade lignin. lignin-degrading enzymes such as laccase can also degrade xenobiotic compounds. the effects of interspecific interactions between white-rot fungi and other microorganisms on laccase activity was studied in laboratory cultures. laccase activity in cultures of trametes versicolor and pleurotus ostreatus increased significantly after the introduction of soil fungi, bacteria and yeasts or after contact with nonsterile soil. addi ... | 2004 | 19712364 |
| molecular cloning and expression of the trichoderma harzianum c4 endo-beta-1,4-xylanase gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | an endo-beta-1,4-xylanase (beta-xylanase) from trichoderma harzianum c4 was purified without cellulase activity by sequential chromatographies. the specific activity of the purified enzyme preparation was 430 units/mg on d-xylan. the complementary dna (cdna) encoding beta-xylanase (xynii) was amplified by pcr and isolated from cdna pcr libraries constructed from t. harzianum c4. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna fragment contained an open reading frame of 663 bp that encodes 221 amino acids, o ... | 2009 | 19734721 |
| molecular identification of trichoderma species associated with pleurotus ostreatus and natural substrates of the oyster mushroom. | green mold of pleurotus ostreatus, caused by trichoderma species, has recently resulted in crop losses worldwide. therefore, there is an emerging need for rapid means of diagnosing the causal agents. a pcr assay was developed for rapid detection of trichoderma pleurotum and trichoderma pleuroticola, the two pathogens causing green mold of p. ostreatus. three oligonucleotide primers were designed for identifying these species in a multiplex pcr assay based on dna sequences within the fourth and f ... | 2009 | 19735461 |
| trichoderma species form endophytic associations within theobroma cacao trichomes. | trichoderma species are usually considered soil organisms that colonize plant roots, sometimes forming a symbiotic relationship. recent studies demonstrate that trichoderma species are also capable of colonizing the above ground tissues of theobroma cacao (cacao) in what has been characterized as an endophytic relationship. trichoderma species can be re-isolated from surface sterilized cacao stem tissue, including the bark and xylem, the apical meristem, and to a lesser degree from leaves. sem a ... | 2009 | 19765658 |
| antifungal mechanism of a novel antifungal protein from pumpkin rinds against various fungal pathogens. | a novel antifungal protein (pr-2) was identified from pumpkin rinds using water-soluble extraction, ultrafiltration, cation exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry indicated that the protein had a molecular mass of 14865.57 da. automated edman degradation showed that the n-terminal sequence of pr-2 was qgigvgdndgkrgkr-. the pr-2 protein strongly inhibited in vitro growth of bot ... | 2009 | 19807165 |
| fungal spores: a critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting. | fungal spores are ubiquitous in the environment. however, exposure levels in workplaces where mouldy materials are handled are much higher than in common indoor and outdoor environments. spores of all tested species induced inflammation in experimental studies. the response to mycotoxin-producing and pathogenic species was much stronger. in animal studies, nonallergic responses dominated after a single dose. allergic responses also occurred, especially to mycotoxin-producing and pathogenic speci ... | 2009 | 19863384 |
| [agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase gene transformation for pinellia ternata]. | to obtain transgenic pinellia ternata plants resistant to fungus by transfer chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase gene from trichoderma harzianum. | 2009 | 19894502 |
| harzianic acid, an antifungal and plant growth promoting metabolite from trichoderma harzianum. | a trichoderma harzianum strain, isolated from composted hardwood bark in western australia, was found to produce a metabolite with antifungal and plant growth promoting activity. the structure and absolute configuration of the fungal compound, harzianic acid (1), were determined by x-ray diffraction studies. harzianic acid showed antibiotic activity against pythium irregulare, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and rhizoctonia solani. a plant growth promotion effect was observed at low concentrations of ... | 2009 | 19894739 |
| pyrene degradation and copper and zinc uptake by fusarium solani and hypocrea lixii isolated from petrol station soil. | this study aimed to isolate and identify potential polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-degrading and/or metal-tolerant fungi from pah-contaminated and metal-contaminated soils. | 2010 | 19922595 |
| trichoderma biocontrol: signal transduction pathways involved in host sensing and mycoparasitism. | fungi of the genus trichoderma are used as biocontrol agents against several plant pathogenic fungi like rhizoctonia spp., pythium spp., botrytis cinerea and fusarium spp. which cause both soil-borne and leaf- or flower-borne diseases of agricultural plants. plant disease control by trichoderma is based on complex interactions between trichoderma, the plant pathogen and the plant. until now, two main components of biocontrol have been identified: direct activity of trichoderma against the plant ... | 2007 | 19936091 |
| covalent selection of the thiol proteome on activated thiol sepharose: a robust tool for redox proteomics. | protein thiols contribute significantly to antioxidant defence and selective oxidation of cysteines is important in signal transduction even in sub-stress scenarios. however, cysteine is the second rarest residue in proteins and it can be difficult to target low-abundance thiol (-sh)-containing proteins in proteomic separations. activated thiol sepharose (ats) allows covalent selection of -sh-containing proteins which can then be recovered by reduction with mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol. thi ... | 2010 | 20082816 |
| new insights in trichoderma harzianum antagonism of fungal plant pathogens by secreted protein analysis. | trichoderma harzianum all42 were capable of overgrowing and degrading rhizoctonia solani and macrophomina phaseolina mycelia, coiling around the hyphae with formation of apressoria and hook-like structures. hyphae of t. harzianum all42 did not show any coiling around fusarium sp. hyphae suggesting that mycoparasitism may be different among the plant pathogens. in this study, a secretome analysis was used to identify some extracellular proteins secreted by t. harzianum all42 after growth on cell ... | 2010 | 20213103 |
| the trichoderma harzianum demon: complex speciation history resulting in coexistence of hypothetical biological species, recent agamospecies and numerous relict lineages. | the mitosporic fungus trichoderma harzianum (hypocrea, ascomycota, hypocreales, hypocreaceae) is an ubiquitous species in the environment with some strains commercially exploited for the biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. although t. harzianum is asexual (or anamorphic), its sexual stage (or teleomorph) has been described as hypocrea lixii. since recombination would be an important issue for the efficacy of an agent of the biological control in the field, we investigated the phylogene ... | 2010 | 20359347 |
| improved tolerance toward fungal diseases in transgenic cavendish banana (musa spp. aaa group) cv. grand nain. | the most devastating disease currently threatening to destroy the banana industry worldwide is undoubtedly sigatoka leaf spot disease caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis. in this study, we developed a transformation system for banana and expressed the endochitinase gene then-42 from trichoderma harzianum together with the grape stilbene synthase (stsy) gene in transgenic banana plants under the control of the 35s promoter and the inducible pr-10 promoter, respectively. the superoxide dismutase ge ... | 2011 | 20397044 |
| antifungal effects of the bioactive compounds enniatins a, a(1), b, b(1). | to produce enniatin (ens), fusarium tricinctum cect 20150 was grown in a liquid medium of potato (pdb), being mycotoxin purified by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with a reverse phase semipreparative column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water using gradient condition. the purity of the ens fractions was verified by analytical hplc and lc/ms-ms. the pure fractions of ens were utilized to study the biological activity on several mycotoxigenic moulds as fusarium verticilloides ... | 2010 | 20417654 |
| trichoderma harzianum ioc-4038: a promising strain for the production of a cellulolytic complex with significant β-glucosidase activity from sugarcane bagasse cellulignin. | sugarcane bagasse is an agroindustrial residue generated in large amounts in brazil. this biomass can be used for the production of cellulases, aiming at their use in second-generation processes for bioethanol production. therefore, this work reports the ability of a fungal strain, trichoderma harzianum ioc-4038, to produce cellulases on a novel material, xylan free and cellulose rich, generated from sugarcane bagasse, named partially delignified cellulignin. the extract produced by t. harzianum ... | 2010 | 20455032 |
| trichoderma harzianum and glomus intraradices modify the hormone disruption induced by fusarium oxysporum infection in melon plants. | the plant hormones salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja), ethylene (et), and abscisic acid (aba) are known to play crucial roles in plant disease and pest resistance. changes in the concentrations of these plant hormones in melon plant shoots, as a consequence of the interaction between the plant, the pathogen fusarium oxysporum, the antagonistic microorganism trichoderma harzianum, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices were investigated. attack by f. oxysporum activated a ... | 2010 | 20528186 |
| chitosan increases conidiation in fungal pathogens of invertebrates. | antifungal activity of chitosan on plant pathogenic fungi has been widely studied, but little is known about the effect of chitosan on fungal biocontrol agents. in this work, we characterize the increase of conidiation induced by chitosan in fungal pathogens of invertebrates (fpi). chitosan increased conidiation of fpi, including beauveria bassiana, widely used as mycoinsecticide, and did not affect conidia viability or pathogenicity. increased conidiation induced by chitosan is shown to be conc ... | 2010 | 20532757 |
| the effect of resource quantity and resource stoichiometry on microbial carbon-use-efficiency. | the carbon-use-efficiency (cue) of microorganisms is an important parameter in determining ecosystem-level carbon (c) cycling; however, little is known about how variance in resources affects microbial cue. to elucidate how resource quantity and resource stoichiometry affect microbial cue, we cultured four microorganisms - two fungi (aspergillus nidulans and trichoderma harzianum) and two bacteria (pectobacterium carotovorum and verrucomicrobium spinosum) - under 12 unique c, nitrogen (n) and ph ... | 2010 | 20550579 |
| an innovative brilliant blue fcf method for fluorescent staining of fungi and bacteria. | abstract most natural and synthetic dyes currently used for microbial fluorescent staining are toxic or carcinogenic and are harmful to animals, humans and the environment. a food dye for microbial staining, brilliant blue fcf, was used as an alternative to lactofuchsin and lactophenol blue. brilliant blue fcf shows pronounced microbial cell fluorescence staining of an array of pathogenic/toxigenic (fusarium granunearum 3- and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotypes, and escherichia coli o157:h7) and ... | 2010 | 20560873 |
| exposure to bioaerosols during the growth season of tomatoes in an organic greenhouse using supresivit (trichoderma harzianum) and mycostop (streptomyces griseoviridis). | in working environments, especially in confined spaces like greenhouses, elevated concentrations of airborne microorganisms may become a problem for workers' health. additionally, the use of microbial pest control agents (mpcas) may increase exposure to microorganisms. the aim of this study was to investigate tomato growers' exposure to naturally occurring bioaerosol components [dust, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, (1-->3)-beta-d-glucans, and endotoxin] and mpcas applied by drip irrigation. air ... | 2010 | 20622135 |
| impact of biological control agents on fusaric acid secreted from fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (massey) snyder and hansen in gladiolus grandiflorus corms. | fusaric acid (fa) (5-n-butylpuridine 2-carboxyl acid), a highly toxic secondary metabolite produced by fusarium oxysporum strains, plays a significant role in disease development. the abilities of three f. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (massey) snyder and hansen isolates (g010; 649-91; and 160-57) to produce fa in infected gladiolus corm tissues was evaluated in vitro in relation to the presence of two biological control agents, trichoderma harzianum t22, and aneurinobacillus migulanus. pathogenicit ... | 2011 | 20814727 |
| further evidence from the effect of fungi on breaking opuntia seed dormancy. | recently, we found that fungi are involved in breaking seed dormancy of opuntia streptacantha, and that the effect of fungi on seeds is species-specific. however, the effect of fungi on seed germination from other opuntia spp has not been evaluated. thus, we evaluated the effect of four fungal species (penicillium chrysogenum, phoma sp., trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma koningii) on the germination of opuntia leucotricha, an abundant species in the chihuahuan desert, mexico. we found that seed ... | 2010 | 20861689 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of chiv gene to trichoderma harzianum. | as a soil-borne filamentous fungus, trichoderma harzianum exhibits biological control properties because it parasitizes a large variety of phytopathogenic fungi. in this study, the vectors pbi121 and pcambia1301 and cloning vector puc18 were used to successfully construct expression vector pca-gchiv for filamentous fungi transformation mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens.the chiv gene was successfully transferred into the biocontrol fungus t. harzianum with an efficiency of 90-110 transformant ... | 2010 | 20936373 |
| scanning electron microscopy observations of the interaction between trichoderma harzianum and perithecia of gibberella zeae. | chronological events associated with the interaction between a strain of trichoderma harzianum, t472, with known biological control activity against perithecial production of g. zeae, were studied with scanning electron microscopy to investigate the mechanisms of control. large clusters of perithecia consisting of 5-15 perithecia formed on the autoclaved, mulched wheat straw inoculated with g. zeae alone (control) with an average of 157 perithecia per plate. small clusters consisting of 3-6 and ... | 2010 | 20943563 |
| the rhizosphere-competent entomopathogen metarhizium anisopliae expresses a specific subset of genes in plant root exudate. | metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana are ubiquitous insect pathogens and possible plant symbionts, as some strains are endophytic or colonize the rhizosphere. we evaluated 11 strains of m. anisopliae and b. bassiana, and two soil saprophytes (the non-rhizospheric aspergillus niger and the rhizosphere-competent trichoderma harzianum) for their ability to germinate in bean root exudates (res). our results showed that some generalist strains of m. anisopliae were as good at germinating in ... | 2010 | 20947574 |
| qrt-pcr quantification of the biological control agent trichoderma harzianum in peat and compost-based growing media. | to ensure proper use of trichoderma harzianum in agriculture, accurate data must be obtained in population monitoring. the effectiveness of qrt-pcr to quantify t. harzianum in different growing media was compared to the commonly used techniques of colony counting and qpcr. results showed that plate counting and qpcr offered similar t. harzianum quantification patterns of an initial rapid increase in fungal population that decreased over time. however, data from qrt-pcr showed a population curve ... | 2010 | 21030250 |
| species diversity, distribution, and genetic structure of endophytic and epiphytic trichoderma associated with banana roots. | selective isolation, molecular identification and aflp were used to investigate the distribution of the various species of endophytic and epiphytic trichoderma associated with banana roots and to compare and contrast their genetic structure. three specific groups of trichoderma were observed in the roots of banana. group one, which made up the largest population, comprised t. asperellum, t. virens, and hypocrea lixii, which were isolated from both inside and on the surface of the banana roots, w ... | 2010 | 21063870 |
| trichoderma harzianum metabolites pre-adapt mushrooms to trichoderma aggressivum antagonism. | trichoderma spp. is the cause of green mold, a disorder that affects cultivated mushrooms. the aims of the study were to establish whether improvement of mushroom resistance to trichoderma aggressivum could be obtained by inducing reaction mechanisms before contact with the pathogen and whether this ability was species or strain dependent. twenty nine isolates of agaricus bisporus, 29 isolates of lentinula edodes and 18 isolates of pleurotus spp. were studied. the effect of t. harzianum metaboli ... | 2003 | 21156605 |
| long-term effects on other fungi are studied in biological and chemical stump treatments in the fight against heterobasidion annosum coll. | the effects on mycoflora of norway spruce stumps of biological and chemical treatments in the fight against heterobasidion annosum coll. were investigated two yr after applications of these treatments. the biological treatments were hypholoma fasciculare, phanerochaete velutina, vuilleminia comedens, trichoderma harzianum and both the conidial suspension and culture filtrate of verticillium bulbillosum; propiconazole was used as chemical treatment. samplings were performed on 130 stumps, includi ... | 2003 | 21156626 |
| solid-state fermentation of agro-industrial wastes to produce bioorganic fertilizer for the biocontrol of fusarium wilt of cucumber in continuously cropped soil. | agro-industrial wastes of cattle dung, vinegar-production residue and rice straw were solid-state fermented by inoculation with trichoderma harzianum sqr-t037 (sqr-t037) for production of bioorganic fertilizers containing sqr-t037 and 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6pap) to control fusarium wilt of cucumber in a continuously cropped soil. fermentation days, temperature, inoculum and vinegar-production residue demonstrated significant effects on the sqr-t037 biomass and the yield of 6pap, based on fractional ... | 2010 | 21190841 |