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fatty acid esters produced by lasiodiplodia theobromae function as growth regulators in tobacco seedlings.the botryosphaeriaceae are a family of trunk disease fungi that cause dieback and death of various plant hosts. this work sought to characterize fatty acid derivatives in a highly virulent member of this family, lasiodiplodia theobromae. nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of an isolated compound revealed (z, z)-9,12-ethyl octadecadienoate, (trivial name ethyl linoleate), as one of the most abundant fatty acid esters produced by l. theobromae. a variety of natural ...201626926564
exchange of core chromosomes and horizontal transfer of lineage-specific chromosomes in fusarium oxysporum.horizontal transfer of supernumerary or lineage-specific (ls) chromosomes has been described in a number of plant pathogenic filamentous fungi. so far it was not known whether transfer is restricted to chromosomes of certain size or properties, or whether 'core' chromosomes can also undergo horizontal transfer. we combined a directed and a non-biased approach to determine whether such restrictions exist. selection genes were integrated into the genome of a strain of fusarium oxysporum pathogenic ...201626941045
genotyping of fusarium isolates from onychomycoses in colombia: detection of two new species within the fusarium solani species complex and in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing.fusariosis have been increasing in colombia in recent years, but its epidemiology is poorly known. we have morphologically and molecularly characterized 89 isolates of fusarium obtained between 2010 and 2012 in the cities of bogotá and medellín. using a multi-locus sequence analysis of rdna internal transcribed spacer, a fragment of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1α) and of the rna-dependent polymerase subunit ii (rpb2) genes, we identified the phylogenetic species and circulatin ...201626943726
synthesis, spectral studies and biological evaluation of 2-aminonicotinic acid metal complexes.we synthesized 2-aminonicotinic acid (2-ana) complexes with metals such as co(ii), fe(iii), ni(ii), mn(ii), zn(ii), ag(i),cr(iii), cd(ii) and cu(ii) in aqueous media. the complexes were characterized and elucidated using ft-ir, uv-vis, a fluorescence spectrophotometer and thermo gravimetric analysis (tga). tga data showed that the stoichiometry of complexes was 1:2 metal/ligand except for ag(i) and mn(ii) where the ratio was 1:1. the metal complexes showed varied antibacterial, fungicidal and ne ...201626945123
comparative genomics and prediction of conditionally dispensable sequences in legume-infecting fusarium oxysporum formae speciales facilitates identification of candidate effectors.soil-borne fungi of the fusarium oxysporum species complex cause devastating wilt disease on many crops including legumes that supply human dietary protein needs across many parts of the globe. we present and compare draft genome assemblies for three legume-infecting formae speciales (ff. spp.): f. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (foc-38-1) and f. sp. pisi (fop-37622), significant pathogens of chickpea and pea respectively, the world's second and third most important grain legumes, and lastly f. sp. me ...201626945779
evaluation of the cytotoxic behavior of fungal extracellular synthesized ag nanoparticles using confocal laser scanning microscope.silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by subjecting a reaction medium to a fusarium oxysporum biomass at 28 °c for 96 h. the biosynthesized ag nanoparticles were characterized on the basis of their anticipated peak at 405 nm using uv-vis-nir spectroscopy. structural confirmation was evident from the characteristic x-ray diffraction (xrd) pattern, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (hrtem) and the particle size analyzer. the ag nanoparticles were of dimension 40 ± 5 nm and sphe ...201626950118
double-stranded rna-mediated interference of dumpy genes in bursaphelenchus xylophilus by feeding on filamentous fungal transformants.rna interference (rnai) is a valuable tool for studying gene function in vivo and provides a functional genomics platform in a wide variety of organisms. the pinewood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a prominent invasive plant-parasitic nematode and has become a serious worldwide threat to forest ecosystems. presently, the complete genome sequence of b. xylophilus has been published, and research involving genome-wide functional analyses is likely to increase. in this study, we describe ...201626953254
synthesis and antifungal activity of 2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one derivatives.a series of 2-alkyl-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-ones (4a-l) was easily synthesized by two-step process involving o-alkylation of 2-nitrophenols with methyl 2-bromoalkanoates and next "green" catalytic reductive cyclization of the obtained 2-nitro ester intermediates (3a-l). further, 6,7-dibromo (5a-c) and n-acetyl (6) derivatives were prepared by bromination and acetylation of unsubstituted 2-alkyl-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-ones (4a-c). the novel compounds (3a-l, 4d-l, 5a-c and 6) were fully character ...201626963527
regulation of mir394 in response to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (foc) infection in garlic (allium sativum l).micrornas (mirnas) are a class of post-transcriptional regulators that negatively regulate gene expression through target mrna cleavage or translational inhibition and play important roles in plant development and stress response. in the present study, six conserved mirnas from garlic (allium sativum l.) were analyzed to identify differentially expressed mirnas in response to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (foc) infection. stem-loop rt-pcr revealed that mir394 is significantly induced in garlic ...201626973694
production and characterization of highly thermostable β-glucosidase during the biodegradation of methyl cellulose by fusarium oxysporum.production of β-glucosidase from fusarium oxysporum was investigated during degradation of some cellulosic substrates (avicel, α-cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc), and methylcellulose). optimized production of β-glucosidase using the cellulosic substrate that supported highest yield of enzyme was examined over 192 h fermentation period and varied ph of 3.0-11.0. the β-glucosidase produced was characterized for its suitability for industrial application. methyl cellulose supported the high ...201626977320
a new lupane-type triterpenoid fatty acid ester and other isolates from ophiorrhiza shendurunii.a new pentacyclic triterpenoid fatty acid ester, lupan-20-ol-3(β)-yl hexadecanoate (1), together with lupan-20-ol-3(β)-yl acetate (2), olean-18-en-3(β)-yl hexadecanoate (3), dotriacontanoic acid (4), stigmasterol (5), rubiadin (6), nonadecanoic acid (7), palmitic acid (8) and camptothecin (9) were isolated from the hexane and chloroform extracts of ophiorrhiza shendurunii from south india. structures of the isolates were determined by (1)h, (13)c, (13)c dept, (1)h-(1)h cosy, hmbc, hsqc, noesy nm ...201626979490
development of a thematic collection of musa spp accessions using scar markers for preventive breeding against fusarium oxysporum f. sp cubense tropical race 4.bananas are one of the most consumed fruits worldwide, but are affected by many pests and diseases. one of the most devastating diseases is fusarium wilt, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp cubense (foc). recently, fusarium tropical race 4 (foc tr4) has been causing irreparable damage, especially in asia and africa where it has devastated entire plantations, including areas with cavendish, which is known to be resistant to foc race 1. although this race is not yet present in brazil, results obta ...201626985964
association analysis for disease resistance to fusarium oxysporum in cape gooseberry (physalis peruviana l).vascular wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum is the most important disease in cape gooseberry (physalis peruviana l.) in colombia. the development of resistant cultivars is considered one of the most cost-effective means to reduce the impact of this disease. in order to do so, it is necessary to provide breeders with molecular markers and promising germplasm for introgression of different resistance loci as part of breeding schemes. here we described an association mapping study in cape gooseberry ...201626988219
lipases and whole cell biotransformations of 2-hydroxy-2-(ethoxyphenylphosphinyl)acetic acid and its ester.a wide spectrum of commercially available lipases and microbial whole cells catalysts were tested for biotransformations of 2-hydroxy-2-(ethoxyphenylphosphinyl)acetic acid 1 and its butyryl ester. the best results were achieved for biocatalytic hydrolysis of ester: 2-butyryloxy-2-(ethoxyphenylphosphinyl)acetic acid 2 performed by lipase from candida cylindracea, what gave optically active products with 85% enantiomeric excess, 50% conversion degree and enantioselectivity 32.9 for one pair of ena ...201626989983
dissection of trichoderma longibrachiatum-induced defense in onion (allium cepa l.) against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepa by target metabolite profiling.trichoderma spp. are versatile opportunistic plant symbionts that can cause substantial changes in the metabolism of host plants, thereby increasing plant growth and activating plant defense to various diseases. target metabolite profiling approach was selected to demonstrate that trichoderma longibrachiatum isolated from desert soil can confer beneficial agronomic traits to onion and induce defense mechanism against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepa (foc), through triggering a number of primary an ...201626993243
chemical composition of the essential oil of bupleurum fontanesii (apiaceae) growing wild in sicily and its activity on microorganisms affecting historical art crafts.hydrodistillation of the flowers (bpfi) of and fruits (bpfr) of bupleurumfontanesii guss. ex caruel gave two oils that were analyzed by gc and gc-ms. the main components were α-elemol (16.7%), caryophyllene oxide (16.4%) and heptacosane (15.9%) in bpfl, and spathulenol (16.8%), caryophylladienol i (13.2%) and α-elemol (12.8%) in bpfr. a good antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms, including bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus niger, all inf ...201626996033
biochemical defenses induced by mycorrhizae fungi glomus mosseae in controlling strawberry fusarium wilt.the effect of vam on reducing wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum schlecht. f.sp. fragariae winks et williams (fo) infection in strawberry and the possible mechanisms involved were investigated. two key substance involved in disease defenses, lignin and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein were induced and formed in the cell wall of strawberry root, and the peak content of lignin and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein occurred on the 25(th) day (149.52mg/g) and on the 15(th) day (10.08 mg/g). the activi ...201526998177
production of fusaric acid by fusarium spp. in pure culture and in solid medium co-cultures.the ability of fungi isolated from nails of patients suffering from onychomycosis to induce de novo production of bioactive compounds in co-culture was examined. comparison between the metabolite profiles produced by sarocladium strictum, by fusarium oxysporum, and by these two species in co-culture revealed de novo induction of fusaric acid based on hrms. structure confirmation of this toxin, using sensitive microflow nmr, required only three 9-cm petri dishes of fungal culture. a targeted meta ...201626999098
antifungal indole alkaloids from winchia calophylla.ten indole alkaloids (1-10) were obtained from an antifungal extract of winchia calophylla, of which two (2 and 4) were new. n(4)-methyl-10-hydroxyl-desacetylakuammilin (2) was an akuammiline-type indole alkaloid. n(1)-methyl-echitaminic acid (4) was an unusual zwitterion with a basic vincorine-type skeleton. this is the first report of 10 in w. calophylla. the structures of all of the compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data, and their bioactivities were assessed. compound 1 showed ...201627002397
new conjugates of polyene macrolide amphotericin b with benzoxaboroles: synthesis and properties.a novel series of conjugates of the antifungal antibiotic amphotericin b (amb) with benzoxaboroles was synthesized. antifungal activity of new compounds was tested on yeastβ candida albicans and cryptococcus humicolus and filamentous fungi aspergillus niger and fusarium oxysporum using the broth microdilution method. the potency of di-modified derivatives against the tested strains was similar to that of the parent amb. new derivatives demonstrated differential toxicity against human cells (colo ...201627005557
evaluation of the significance of cell wall polymers in flax infected with a pathogenic strain of fusarium oxysporum.fusarium oxysporum infection leads to fusarium-derived wilt, which is responsible for the greatest losses in flax (linum usitatissimum) crop yield. plants infected by fusarium oxysporum show severe symptoms of dehydration due to the growth of the fungus in vascular tissues. as the disease develops, vascular browning and leaf yellowing can be observed. in the case of more virulent strains, plants die. the pathogen's attack starts with secretion of enzymes degrading the host cell wall. the main ai ...201627005923
a six1 homolog in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans is required for full virulence on cabbage.fusarium oxysporum is a soil-born fungus that induces wilt and root rot on a variety of plants. f. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (foc) can cause wilt disease on cabbage. this study showed that a homolog of six1 protein in the arabidopsis infecting isolate fo5176 (fo5176-six1) had four isoforms in the conidia of foc by proteomic analysis. thus, we analyzed the roles of protein foc-six1. gene expression analysis showed that, compared to the expression in mycelia, dramatically altered expression of ...201627010418
nuclear dynamics and genetic rearrangement in heterokaryotic colonies of fusarium oxysporum.recent studies have shown horizontal transfer of chromosomes to be a potential key contributor to genome plasticity in asexual fungal pathogens. however, the mechanisms behind horizontal chromosome transfer in eukaryotes are not well understood. here we investigated the role of conidial anastomosis in heterokaryon formation between incompatible strains of fusarium oxysporum and determined the importance of heterokaryons for horizontal chromosome transfer. using live-cell imaging we demonstrate t ...201627013267
development and application of a rapid and visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of sporisorium scitamineum in sugarcane.smut is a fungal disease with widespread prevalence in sugarcane planting areas. early detection and proper identification of sporisorium scitamineum are essential in smut management practices. in the present study, four specific primers targeting the core effector pep1 gene of s. scitamineum were designed. optimal concentrations of mg(2+), primer and bst dna polymerase, the three important components of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) reaction system, were screened using a sin ...201627035751
characterization and expression profiling of myb transcription factors against stresses and during male organ development in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).myb proteins comprise a large family of plant transcription factors that play regulatory roles in different biological processes such as plant development, metabolism, and defense responses. to gain insight into this gene superfamily and to elucidate its roles in stress resistance, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of myb genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). we identified 475 chinese cabbage myb genes, among wh ...201627038155
effect of chinese medicinal herbal residues on microbial community succession and anti-pathogenic properties during co-composting with food waste.this study investigated the antimicrobial properties of chinese medicinal herbal residues (cmhrs) during its co-composting with food waste (fw) in two different ratios along with a control. inhibition on total microbial population were assessed while the numerically dominant microbes were isolated and their antagonistic effects were assessed. results indicate that the active ingredients persist in the composting mass did not affect the microbes unspecifically as revealed from almost similar bact ...201627039351
novel pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and antiproliferative profile.three novel series of pyridine derivatives, namely schiff's bases, 4-thiazolidinones and azetidin-2-ones bearing pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine moiety, have been synthesized. the chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized. the compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity using the agar well diffusion and broth macrodilution methods. the compounds were also evaluated for their antiproliferative activity using the sulforhodamine b (srb) assay. the majority of the tested ...201627040621
new fusaric acid derivatives from the endophytic fungus fusarium oxysporum and their phytotoxicity to barley leaves.chemical investigation of the endophytic fungus fusarium oxysporum isolated from fruits of drepanocarpus lunatus afforded eight new fusaric acid derivatives, fusaricates a-g, 1-7, and 10-hydroxy-11-chlorofusaric acid, 8, along with four known compounds. their structures were elucidated by one- and two-dimensional nmr as well as ms data and by comparison with the literature. the absolute configurations of fusaricates c-e, 3-5, were determined using chiral gc-ms. fusaricates a-g, 1-7, represent th ...201627050289
[antibacterial components from artificially induced dragon's blood of dracaena cambodiana].ten compounds were isolated from the artificially induced dragon's blood of dracaena cambodiana by various column chromatographies on silica and sephadex lh-20 gel. based on spectral analysis of nmr and ms, their structures were identified as 3, 4-dihydroxyallylbenzene (1), 3', 4', 5'-trimethoxycinnamylalcohol (2), pinoresinol (3), (2r)-7, 4'-dihydroxy-8-methylflavane (4), (2r)-7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methylflavane(5),(2s)-7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-8-methylflavane(6) ,(2s)-4',7-dihydroxy-6, 8 ...201527062817
effect of polymer/nanosilver composite packaging on long-term microbiological status of iranian saffron (crocus sativus l.).crocus sativus l. (saffron) is a valuable plant which is native to iran. saffron is the dried stigmata of the flowering part of the plant that is usually contaminated with different bacteria and fungi through production process. antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles are well recognized. to survey the effects of nanosilver packaging on microbiological status of spiked, saffron samples over a six month period were chosen. saffron samples from five regions of khorasan province were purch ...201627081358
characterization of a novel cotton subtilase gene gbsbt1 in response to extracellular stimulations and its role in verticillium resistance.verticillium wilt is a disastrous vascular disease in plants caused by verticillium dahliae. verticillium pathogens secrete various disease-causing effectors in cotton. this study identified a subtilase gene gbsbt1 from gossypium babardense and investigated the roles against v. dahliae infection. gbsbt1 gene expression is responsive to v. dahliae defense signals, jasmonic acid, and ethylene treatments. moreover, the gbsbt1 protein is mainly localized in the cell membrane and moves into the cytop ...201627088499
diversity of indigenous endophytic bacteria associated with the roots of chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.) cultivars and their antagonism towards pathogens.the study aimed to reveal the diversity of endophytic bacteria in the roots of chinese cabbage (cc) cultivated in two areas in korea, namely, seosang-gun (ss) and haenam-gun (hn), and also in a transgenic plant (tp) from the laboratory. a total of 653 colonies were isolated from the interior of cc roots, comprising 118, 302, and 233 isolates from ss, hn, and tp samples, respectively. based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, the isolates belonged to four major phylogenetic groups: high-g+c gram- ...201627095454
regiospecific synthesis of prenylated flavonoids by a prenyltransferase cloned from fusarium oxysporum.due to their impressive pharmaceutical activities and safety, prenylated flavonoids have a high potent to be applied as medicines and nutraceuticals. biocatalysis is an effective technique to synthesize prenylated flavonoids. the major concern of this technique is that the microbe-derived prenyltransferases usually have poor regiospecificity and generate multiple prenylated products. in this work, a highly regiospecific prenyltransferase (fopt1) was found from fusarium oxysporum. it could recogn ...201627098599
molecular characterization and analysis of antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants in saudi arabia.endophytic fungi, which have been reported in numerous plant species, are important components of the forest community and contribute significantly to the diversity of natural ecosystems.201627099679
detection of plant growth enhancing features in psychrotolerant yeasts from patagonia (argentina).this study explores the biotechnological potential for plant production of twelve psychrotolerant yeasts strains from northwest-patagonia. these strains were isolated from different substrates associated with nothofagus sp. in native forests and vaccinium sp. in a commercial plantation. yeasts characterization was performed using in vitro assays to evaluate the production of auxin-like compounds and siderophores, ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate and to reduce common plant pathogen growt ...201627106520
fungal endophytes in germinated seeds of the common bean, phaseolus vulgaris.we conducted a survey of fungal endophytes in 582 germinated seeds belonging to 11 colombian cultivars of the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris). the survey yielded 394 endophytic isolates belonging to 42 taxa, as identified by sequence analysis of the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer (its) region. aureobasidium pullulans was the dominant endophyte, isolated from 46.7 % of the samples. also common were fusarium oxysporum, xylaria sp., and cladosporium cladosporioides, but found in only 13 ...201627109374
[suppression of three soil-borne diseases of cucumber by a rhizosphere fungal strain].to understand the effect of rhizosphere fungi on soil-borne diseases of cucumber, 16 fungal, strains from rhizosphere soil were investigated for the antagonistic activity to three soilborne pathogenic fungi with dual culture method and for suppression of cucumber diseases caused by the pathogens in pot experiments. four strains showed antagonism to one or more pathogenic fungi tested. the strain jcl143, identified as aspergillus terreus, showed strong antagonistic activity to the three pathogeni ...201527112016
h1-a, a compound isolated from fusarium oxysporum inhibits hepatitis c virus (hcv) ns3 serine protease.the present study was aimed to isolate the active compounds from the fermentation products of fusarium oxysporum, which had hepatitis c virus (hcv) ns3 protease inhibitory activity. a bioactive compound was isolated by reverse-phase silica-gel column chromatography, silica-gel column chromatography, semi-preparative reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), and then its molecular structure was elucidated based on the spectrosopic analysis. as a result, the compound (h1-a, 1) e ...201627114318
jasmonate signalling and defence responses in the model legume medicago truncatula-a focus on responses to fusarium wilt disease.jasmonate (ja)-mediated defences play important roles in host responses to pathogen attack, in particular to necrotrophic fungal pathogens that kill host cells in order to extract nutrients and live off the dead plant tissue. the root-infecting fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum initiates a necrotrophic growth phase towards the later stages of its lifecycle and is responsible for devastating fusarium wilt disease on numerous legume crops worldwide. here we describe the use of the model legume me ...201627135231
pre-planting treatments with phosphite-based products against different foliar and soil-borne pathogens of vegetable crops.fifteen experimental trials were carried out under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the efficacy of preventative treatments based on phosphite salts on the following pathosystems: tomato/phytophthora nicotianae, zucchini/p. capsici, lettuce/fusarium oxysporum f.sp. iactucae, rocket/fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani, wild rocket/plectosphaerella cucumerina and basii/peronospora belbahrii. the possible use of phosphite salts in nursery cultivation systems is considered in comparison with chemical ...201527141741
identification of different fusarium spp. in allium spp. in germany.in 2013 allium cepa bulbs from different fields in northern and southern germany, seeds and sets from onion breeders were analysed for infestation with fusarium species. the same investigation was done in 2014 with different edible allium spp. from local markets. different fusarium spp. were isolated and identified by morphological characterisation. 24 different fusarium spp. were identified. the diversity of fusarium spp. and the intensity of infestation was higher on edible bulbs compared to t ...201527141742
characterization and biocontrol potent of streptomyces sp. isolated from the rhizosphere of ononis angustissima lam.a total of 40 actinomycetes isolated from rhizosphere soils of ononis angustissima lam. were in vitro tested for their antagonism against deferent pathogenic microorganisms by streak assay. among the isolates, four (21, 2a26, 1b10 and 2c34) present a potent antagonism against both pathogenic bacteria and fungi, they were selected, identified by 16s rdna sequence analysis and phenotypic properties, and tested for their antimicrobial activity as well as their biocontrol potential against chickpea ...201527141751
effect of biosolarisation on the microbial populations of substrates infested with fusarium oxysporum by pcr-dgge.biosolarisation consists of combining solarisation and organic matter application for controlling soilborne pathogens. the effects of this control strategy on the microbial community is almost unknown and needs to be investigated with molecular tools. the aim of the research was to investigate how biosolarisation can affect the structure of the microbial populations evaluated by a culture independent method using dgge of pcr-amplified 18s-its genes-coding fragments from dna extracted directly fr ...201527141761
association of putative fungal effectors in fusarium oxysporum with wilt symptoms in soybean.fungi within the fusarium oxysporum species complex can cause root rot, seedling blight, and wilt of soybean. isolates recovered from soybean vary in aggressiveness and also the type of symptoms they produce. the aim of this study was to identify genetic markers to detect aggressive soybean wilt isolates. eighty isolates collected primarily from soybean were tested in the greenhouse for their ability to produce wilt symptoms using susceptible 'jack' soybean. the same 80 isolates were assessed fo ...201627146104
hyphal chemotropism in fungal pathogenicity.the ability to grow as filamentous hyphae defines the lifestyle of fungi. hyphae are exposed to a variety of chemical stimuli such as nutrients or signal molecules from mating partners and host organisms. how fungi sense and process this chemical information to steer hyphal growth is poorly understood. saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurospora crassa have served as genetic models for the identification of cellular components functioning in chemotropism. a recent study in the pathogen fusarium oxys ...201627150623
extraction and separation of active ingredients in schisandra chinensis (turcz.) baill and the study of their antifungal effects.schisandra chinensis extracts (ses) have traditionally been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of various human diseases, however, their further application in the biocontrol of plant disease remains poorly understood. this study was conducted to develop eco-friendly botanical pesticides from extracts of s. chinensis and assess whether they could play a key role in plant disease defense. concentrated active fractions (se-i, se-ii, and se-iii) were obtained from s. chinensis via speci ...201627152614
diversity, distribution, and antagonistic activities of rhizobacteria of panax notoginseng.rhizobacteria play an important role in plant defense and could be promising sources of biocontrol agents. this study aimed to screen antagonistic bacteria and develop a biocontrol system for root rot complex of panax notoginseng.201527158229
lunatin, a novel lectin with antifungal and antiproliferative bioactivities from phaseolus lunatus billb.a novel lectin with a molecular mass of 24.3kda, designated lunatin, was isolated from edible seeds of phaseolus lunatus billb. the purification scheme consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. the lectin is a glycoprotein, as determined by staining with periodic acid-schiff (pas), and its n-terminal amino acid sequence was determined to be daviyrgpgdlhtgs. lunatin exhibited hemagglutinating activity towa ...201627164500
assessment of dapg-producing pseudomonas fluorescens for management of meloidogyne incognita and fusarium oxysporum on watermelon.pseudomonas fluorescens isolates clinto 1r, wayne 1r, and wood 1r, which produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg), can suppress soilborne diseases and promote plant growth. consequently, these beneficial bacterial isolates were tested on watermelon plants for suppression of meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode: rkn) and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (fon). in a greenhouse trial, wayne 1r root dip suppressed numbers of rkn eggs per gram root on 'charleston gray' watermelon ...201627168652
post-transcriptional silencing of the sge1 gene induced by a dsrna hairpin in fusarium oxysporum f. sp cubense, the causal agent of panama disease.fusarium oxysporum f. sp cubense (foc), the causal agent of panama disease, is responsible for economic losses in banana crops worldwide. the identification of genes that effectively act on pathogenicity and/or virulence may contribute to the development of different strategies for disease control and the production of resistant plants. the objective of the current study was to analyze the importance of sge1 gene expression in foc virulence through post-transcriptional silencing using a double-s ...201627173186
a new biotype of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2 emerged by a transposon-driven mutation of avirulence gene avr1.emergence of races in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) is caused by loss or mutation of at least one avirulence (avr) gene. the product of avr1 is a small protein (avr1) secreted by fol in tomato xylem sap during infection. this protein triggers fol race 1 specific resistance (i) in tomato, indicating that avr1 is an avr gene. deletion of avr1 in race 1 resulted in the emergence of race 2, and an additional mutation in avr2 generated race 3. previously, we reported a new biotype of ra ...201627190160
isolation and identification of biocontrol agent streptomyces rimosus m527 against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.actinomycetes have received considerable attention as biocontrol agents against fungal plant pathogens and as plant growth promoters. in this study, a total of 320 actinomycetes were isolated from various habitats in china. among which, 77 strains have been identified as antagonistic activities against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum which usually caused fusarium wilt of cucumber. of these, isolate actinomycete m527 not only displayed broad-spectrum antifungal activity but also showed the ...201627192632
agroindustrial composts to reduce the use of peat and fungicides in the cultivation of muskmelon seedlings.environmental concerns about peat extraction in wetland ecosystems have increased. therefore, there is an international effort to evaluate alternative organic substrates for the partial substitution of peat. the aim of this work was to use different composts (c1-c10) obtained from the fruit and vegetable processing industry (pepper, carrot, broccoli, orange, artichoke residues, sewage sludge (citric and pepper) and vineyard pruning wastes) to produce added-value composts as growing media with su ...201727197924
metabolic engineering of fusarium oxysporum to improve its ethanol-producing capability.fusarium oxysporum is one of the few filamentous fungi capable of fermenting ethanol directly from plant cell wall biomass. it has the enzymatic toolbox necessary to break down biomass to its monosaccharides and, under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions, ferments them to ethanol. although these traits could enable its use in consolidated processes and thus bypass some of the bottlenecks encountered in ethanol production from lignocellulosic material when saccharomyces cerevisiae is used-namel ...201627199958
2,3-dideoxyglucosides of selected terpene phenols and alcohols as potent antifungal compounds.the antifungal activities of novel 2,3-unsaturated and 2,3-dideoxy 1-o-glucosides of carvacrol, thymol, and perillyl alcohol were tested against aspergillus flavus, aspergillus ochraceus, fusarium oxysporum, saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida albicans. in the agar well diffusion tests, zones of inhibition for the derivatives of carvacrol, thymol and perillyl alcohol were higher (15-30mm) in the case of filamentous fungi than those for the parent compounds. their mic and mfc values indicated th ...201627211660
effects of consecutive monoculture of pseudostellaria heterophylla on soil fungal community as determined by pyrosequencing.under consecutive monoculture, the biomass and quality of pseudostellaria heterophylla declines significantly. in this study, a three-year field experiment was conducted to identify typical growth inhibition effects caused by extended monoculturing of p. heterophylla. deep pyrosequencing was used to examine changes in the structure and composition of soil fungal community along a three-year gradient of monoculture. the results revealed a distinct separation between the newly planted plot and the ...201627216019
the components of rice and watermelon root exudates and their effects on pathogenic fungus and watermelon defense.watermelon (citrullus lanatus) is susceptible to wilt disease caused by the fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum (fon). intercropping management of watermelon/aerobic rice (oryza sativa) alleviates watermelon wilt disease, because some unidentified component(s) in rice root exudates suppress fon sporulation and spore germination. here, we show that the phenolic acid p-coumaric acid is present in rice root exudates only, and it inhibits fon spore germination and sporulation. we found that exoge ...201627217091
dynamics of colonization and expression of pathogenicity related genes in fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri during chickpea vascular wilt disease progression.fusarium wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (foc) is a constant threat to chickpea productivity in several parts of the world. understanding the molecular basis of chickpea-foc interaction is necessary to improve chickpea resistance to foc and thereby the productivity of chickpea. we transformed foc race 2 using green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene and used it to characterize pathogen progression and colonization in wilt-susceptible (jg62) and wilt-resistant (digvijay) chickpea culti ...201627227745
production and characterization of desmalonichrome relative binding affinity for uranyl ions in relation to other siderophores.siderophores are iron (fe)-binding secondary metabolites that have been investigated for their uranium-binding properties. previous work has focused on characterizing hydroxamate types of siderophores, such as desferrioxamine b, for their uranyl (uo2)-binding affinity. carboxylate forms of these metabolites hold potential to be more efficient chelators of uo2, yet they have not been widely studied. desmalonichrome is a carboxylate siderophore that is not commercially available and so was obtaine ...201627232848
[overexpression, homology modeling and coenzyme docking studies of the cytochrome p450nor2 from cylindrocarpon tonkinense].cytochrome p450nor catalyzes an unusual reaction that transfers electrons from nadp/nadph to bound heme directly. to improve the expression level of p450nor2 from cylindrocarpon tonkinense (c.p450nor2), escherichia coli system was utilized to substitute the yeast system we constructed for expression of the p450nor2 gene, and the protein was purified in soluble form using ni(+)-nta affinity chromatography. in contrast to p450nor from fusarium oxysporum (f.p450nor) and p450nor1 from cylindrocarpon ...201627239859
synergistic and additive effect of oregano essential oil and biological silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has become a clinical and public health problem, making therapeutic decisions more challenging. plant compounds and nanodrugs have been proposed as potential antimicrobial alternatives. studies have shown that oregano (origanum vulgare) essential oil (oeo) and silver nanoparticles have potent antibacterial activity, also against multidrug-resistant strains; however, the strong organoleptic characteristics of oeo and the development of resistance t ...201627242772
potential of pseudomonas putida pci2 for the protection of tomato plants against fungal pathogens.tomato is one of the most economically attractive vegetable crops due to its high yields. diseases cause significant losses in tomato production worldwide. we carried out polymerase chain reaction studies to detect the presence of genes encoding antifungal compounds in the dna of pseudomonas putida strain pci2. we also used liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to detect and quantify the production of compounds that increase the resistance of plants to diseases from culture ...201627246499
detection and differentiation of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 1 using loop-mediated isothermal amplification with three primer sets.fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) causes tomato wilt. based on the difference in pathogenicity towards tomato cultivars, fol is classified into three races. in this study, a rapid method is developed for the detection and discrimination of fol race 1 using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay with two primer sets targeting a region of the nucleotide sequence of the six4 gene specific for race 1 and a primer set targeting the six5 gene, conserved in all known fol isolat ...201627248357
in vitro experimental environments lacking or containing soil disparately affect competition experiments of aspergillus flavus and co-occurring fungi in maize grains.in vitro experimental environments are used to study interactions between microorganisms, and to predict dynamics in natural ecosystems. this study highlights that experimental in vitro environments should be selected to match closely the natural environment of interest during in vitro studies to strengthen extrapolations about aflatoxin production by aspergillus and competing organisms. fungal competition and aflatoxin accumulation were studied in soil, cotton wool or tube (water-only) environm ...201627264786
influence of plant genotype on the cultivable fungi associated to tomato rhizosphere and roots in different soils.rhizosphere and root-associated microbiota are crucial in determining plant health and in increasing productivity of agricultural crops. to date, research has mainly focused on the bacterial dimension of the microbiota. however, interest in the mycobiota is increasing, since fungi play a key role in soil ecosystems. we examined the effect of plant genotype, soil, and of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) on the cultivable component of rhizosphere and root-associated mycobiota of tomato. ...201627268246
dispensable chromosomes in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.the genomes of many filamentous fungi consist of a 'core' part containing conserved genes essential for normal development as well as conditionally dispensable (cd) or lineage-specific (ls) chromosomes. in the plant-pathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, one ls chromosome harbours effector genes that contribute to pathogenicity. we employed flow cytometry to select for events of spontaneous (partial) loss of either the two smallest ls chromosomes or two different core chromosom ...201627271322
vinegar residue compost as a growth substrate enhances cucumber resistance against the fusarium wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum by regulating physiological and biochemical responses.fusarium wilt caused by the fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (foc) is the most severe soil-borne disease attacking cucumber. to assess the positive effects of vinegar residue substrate (vrs) on the growth and incidence of fusarium wilt on cucumber, we determined the cucumber growth parameters, disease severity, defense-related enzyme and pathogenesis-related (pr) protein activities, and stress-related gene expression levels. in in vitro and pot experiments, we demonstrated the follow ...201627272925
molecular phylogeny, diversity, and bioprospecting of endophytic fungi associated with wild ethnomedicinal north american plant echinacea purpurea (asteraceae).the endophytic fungal community associated with the ethnomedicinal plant echinacea purpurea was investigated as well as its potential for providing antifungal compounds against plant pathogenic fungi. a total of 233 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained and classified into 42 different taxa of 16 genera, of which alternaria alternata, colletotrichum dematium, and stagonosporopsis sp. 2 are the most frequent colonizers. the extracts of 29 endophytic fungi displayed activities against important ...201627273012
selection and evaluation of micro-organisms for biocontrol of verticillium dahliae in olive.to identify potential biological control agents against verticillium wilt in olive through a mass screening approach.201627277382
differential response of extracellular proteases of trichoderma harzianum against fungal phytopathogens.in the present study, production of extracellular proteases by trichoderma harzianum was evaluated based on the relative gene expression and spectrophotometric assay. the fungal isolates were grown in czapek dox broth medium supplemented with deactivated mycelium of plant fungal pathogens such as fusarium oxysporum, colletotrichum capsici, gloeocercospora sorghi, and colletotrichum truncatum. the maximum protease activity was detected after 48 h of incubation against colletotrichum spp. similarl ...201627278806
purification and some characteristics of extracellular lipase from fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini.an extracellular lipase was isolated from a culture filtrate of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini suf 402 by hydrophobic chromatography. purity of the preparation was 38-fold and recovery yield was 32%. the molecular mass of the isolated enzyme was 30 kda. the lipase had a sugar chain, and the n-terminal amino acid was modified. the optimun ph at 37°c was 7.0. the enzyme had higher activity toward p-nitrophenyl esters with long and middle chain fatty acids (c8-c18) than with a short chain fatty aci ...199227280667
effects of silicon treatment and inoculation with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on cellular defences in root tissues of two cotton cultivars.silicon has been shown to enhance the resistance of plants to fungal and bacterial pathogens. here, the effect of potassium silicate was assessed on two cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cultivars subsequently inoculated with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (fov). sicot 189 is moderately resistant whilst sicot f-1 is the second most resistant commercial cultivar presently available in australia.201627288509
biogenic terbium oxide nanoparticles as the vanguard against osteosarcoma.the synthesis of inner transition metal nanoparticles via an ecofriendly route is quite difficult. this study, for the first time, reports synthesis of terbium oxide nanoparticles using fungus, fusarium oxysporum. the biocompatible terbium oxide nanoparticles (tb2o3 nps) were synthesized by incubating tb4o7 with the biomass of fungus f. oxysporum. multiple physical characterization techniques, such as uv-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy, tem, saed, and zeta-potential were used to confi ...201627288964
fungal phytopathogens encode functional homologues of plant rapid alkalinization factor (ralf) peptides.in this article, we describe the presence of genes encoding close homologues of an endogenous plant peptide, rapid alkalinization factor (ralf), within the genomes of 26 species of phytopathogenic fungi. members of the ralf family are key growth factors in plants, and the sequence of the ralf active region is well conserved between plant and fungal proteins. ralf1-like sequences were observed in most cases; however, ralf27-like sequences were present in the sphaerulina musiva and septoria populi ...201627291634
molecular characterization of alkaline protease of bacillus amyloliquefaciens sp1 involved in biocontrol of fusarium oxysporum.an alkaline protease gene was amplified from genomic dna of bacillus amyloliquefaciens sp1 which was involved in effective biocontrol of fusarium oxysporum. we investigated the antagonistic capacity of protease of b. amyloliquifaciens sp1, under in vitro conditions. the 5.62 fold purified enzyme with specific activity of 607.69u/mg reported 24.14% growth inhibition of f. oxysporum. however, no antagonistic activity was found after addition of protease inhibitor i.e. pmsf (15mm) to purified enzym ...201627294522
three fusarium oxysporum mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) have distinct and complementary roles in stress adaptation and cross-kingdom pathogenicity.mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades mediate cellular responses to environmental signals. previous studies in the fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum have revealed a crucial role of fmk1, the mapk orthologous to saccharomyces cerevisiae fus3/kss1, in vegetative hyphal fusion and plant infection. here, we genetically dissected the individual and combined contributions of the three mapks fmk1, mpk1 and hog1 in the regulation of development, stress response and virulence of f. oxysporum ...201627301316
microbial host selection and periplasmic folding in escherichia coli affect the biochemical characteristics of a cutinase from fusarium oxysporum.a cutinase from the mesophilic fungus fusarium oxysporum (focut5a) was functionally expressed in different hosts and their recombinant products were characterized regarding their activity, thermostability and tolerance in organic solvents. the cutinase gene cut5a was expressed in the bl21 and origami 2 escherichia coli strains and the resulting protein was folded either in the cytoplasm or in the periplasmic space, with the aim of correct formation of disulfide bonds. increase of thermostability ...201627302766
low utility of pediatric isolator blood culture system for detection of fungemia in children: a 10-year review.the use of the wampole isolator 1.5-ml pediatric blood culture tube for the detection of fungemia in children was assessed by a 10-year retrospective review at two pediatric hospitals, the hospital for sick children in toronto, canada, and the children's medical center of dallas, texas. over this period, a total of 9,442 pediatric isolator specimens were processed, with yeast or yeast-like organisms recovered in 297 (3.1%) of the specimens (151 [1.6%] unique clinical episodes) and filamentous or ...201627307462
improvement of banana cv. rasthali (silk, aab) against fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (vcg 0124/5) through induced mutagenesis: determination of ld50 specific to mutagen, explants, toxins and in vitro and in vivo screening for fusarium wilt resistance.shoot tips and in vitro grown proliferating buds of banana cv. rasthali (silk, aab) were treated with various concentrations and durations of chemical mutagens viz., ems, nan3 and des. ld50 for shoot tips based on 50% reduction in fresh weight was determined as 2% for 3 h, 0.02% for 5 h and 0.15% for 5 h, while for proliferating buds, they were 0.6% for 30 min, 0.01% for 2 h and 0.06% for 2 h for the mutagens ems, nan3 and des, respectively. subsequently, the mutated explants were screened in vi ...201627319054
activity of flavanones isolated from rhododendron hainanense against plant pathogenic fungi.in a search for naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds in medicinal plants and herbs, seven flavanones were isolated from the aerial parts of rhododendron hainanense and were tested for their antimicrobial activities against six bacteria and six plant pathogenic fungi. within the series of flavanones tested, farrerol (1) displayed moderate antibacterial activities against bacillus cereus, b. subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and erwinia carotovora, wi ...201627319130
the fonsix6 gene acts as an avirulence effector in the fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum - watermelon pathosystem.when infecting a host plant, the fungus fusarium oxysporum secretes several effector proteins into the xylem tissue to promote virulence. however, in a host plant with an innate immune system involving analogous resistance proteins, the fungus effector proteins may trigger resistance, rather than promoting virulence. identity of the effector genes of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (fon) races that affect watermelon (citrullus lanatus) are currently unknown. in this study, the six6 (secreted in ...201627320044
antimicrobial and antitumor activity and diversity of endophytic fungi from traditional chinese medicinal plant cephalotaxus hainanensis li.endophytes from cephalotaxus hainanensis li, an important source of anti-leukemia drugs, have not been widely explored. in this study, 265 endophytic fungal isolates from c. hainanensis li were screened for antimicrobial activities against tilapia, banana, rice, and rape and for antitumor activities against human leukemia cell lines (k562, nb4, and hl-60). diversity was also analyzed. the results showed that 17.7% of the endophytic fungi had antimicrobial activities against at least three differ ...201627323030
the concept of ecthyma gangrenosum illustrated by a fusarium oxysporum infection in an immunocompetent individual.ecthyma gangrenosum (eg) involves necrotic cutaneous lesions caused by bacteria, mainly pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is usually seen in immunocompromised patients with septicemia. however, clinically similar infections have been published with fungi as etiologic agents. we present a case of an eg-like lesion due to fusarium oxysporum confirmed by clinical diagnosis, culture and molecular identification and discuss the definition of eg.201627324372
suppressive effects of mycoviral proteins encoded by magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain a on conidial germination of the rice blast fungus.magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain a (mocv1-a) is the causal agent of growth repression and attenuated virulence (hypovirulence) of the rice blast fungus, magnaporthe oryzae. we previously revealed that heterologous expression of the mocv1-a orf4 protein resulted in cytological damage to the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae and cryptococcus neoformans. since the orf4 protein is one of the components of viral particles, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of the purified virus particle agains ...201627329666
detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria endowed with antimicrobial activity from a freshwater lake and their phylogenetic affiliation.antimicrobial resistance poses a serious challenge to global public health. in this study, fifty bacterial strains were isolated from the sediments of a freshwater lake and were screened for antibiotic resistance. out of fifty isolates, thirty-three isolates showed resistance against at least two of the selected antibiotics. analysis of 16s rdna sequencing revealed that the isolates belonged to ten different genera, namely staphylococcus(n = 8), bacillus(n = 7), lysinibacillus(n = 4), achromobac ...201627330861
native isolate of trichoderma: a biocontrol agent with unique stress tolerance properties.species of trichoderma are widely recognized for their biocontrol abilities, but seldom studied collectively, for their plant growth promotion, abiotic stress tolerance and bioremediation properties. our study is a concentrated effort to establish the potential of native isolate trichoderma harzianum ksnm (t103) to tolerate biotic (root pathogens) and abiotic stresses [high salt (100-1000 mm); heavy metal (chromium, nickel and zinc: 1-10 mm); pesticides: malathion (100-600 ppm), carbofuran (100- ...201627339311
[trichophyton violaceum : main cause of tinea capitis in children at mbarara regional referral hospital in uganda].tinea capitis is caused by anthropophilic, zoophilic or geophilic dermatophytes of the genera microsporum or trichophyton.201627341825
"coca got us here and now it's our weakness:" fusarium oxysporum and the political ecology of a drug war policy alternative in bolivia.a strain of fusarium oxysporum fungus is killing coca plants in the chapare coca growing region of bolivia. coca farmers are already constrained in the amount of coca they can grow under the government's community-based coca control approach, "social control." coca leaf is the main ingredient in cocaine, but it is also a traditional medicine and food, is economically vital to household incomes, and is a political symbol of the current government administration. bolivia's approach to coca control ...201627346463
association of effector six6 with vascular wilt symptoms caused by fusarium oxysporum on soybean.the fusarium oxysporum species complex (fosc) is a widely distributed group of fungi that includes both pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates. in a previous study, isolates within the fosc collected primarily from soybean were assessed for the presence of 12 fungal effector genes. although none of the assayed genes was significantly associated with wilt symptoms on soybean, the secreted in xylem 6 (six6) gene was present only in three isolates, which all produced high levels of vascular wilt on ...201627349740
effector profiles distinguish formae speciales of fusarium oxysporum.formae speciales (ff.spp.) of the fungus fusarium oxysporum are often polyphyletic within the species complex, making it impossible to identify them on the basis of conserved genes. however, sequences that determine host-specific pathogenicity may be expected to be similar between strains within the same forma specialis. whole genome sequencing was performed on strains from five different ff.spp. (cucumerinum, niveum, melonis, radicis-cucumerinum and lycopersici). in each genome, genes for putat ...201627387256
field demonstration of a multiplexed point-of-care diagnostic platform for plant pathogens.effective disease management strategies to prevent catastrophic crop losses require rapid, sensitive, and multiplexed detection methods for timely decision making. to address this need, a rapid, highly specific and sensitive point-of-care method for multiplex detection of plant pathogens was developed by taking advantage of surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) labeled nanotags and recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa), which is a rapid isothermal amplification method with high specifici ...201627403651
isolation and identification of the antimicrobial agent beauvericin from the endophytic fusarium oxysporum 5-19 with nmr and esi-ms/ms.endophytic microbe has been proved to be one of rich sources of bioactive natural products with potential application for new drug and pesticide discovery. one cyclodepsipeptide, beauvericin, was firstly isolated from the fermentation broth of fusarium oxysporum 5-19 endophytic on edgeworthia chrysantha linn. its chemical structure was unambiguously identified by a combination of spectroscopic methods, such as hresi-ms and (1)h and (13)c nmr. esi-ms/ms was successfully used to elucidate the spli ...201627413733
pseudo-outbreak of fusarium oxysporum associated with bronchoscopy. 201627424170
development of a taqman probe-based insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (iipcr) assay for detection of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4.this study developed a novel and inexpensive detection method based on a taqman probe-based insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (iipcr) method for the rapid detection of panama disease caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc) race 4, which is currently among the most serious fungal vascular diseases worldwide. by using the portable pockit™ device with the novel primer set iifoc-1/iifoc-2, the foc race 4 iipcr assay (including dna amplification and signal monitoring) could be ...201627448242
first report of fusarium oxysporum species complex infection in zebrafish culturing system.fusarium oxysporum species complex (fosc) is a highly diverse fungus. recently, f. oxysporum infection was identified from zebrafish (danio rerio) culturing system in korea. initially, a rapid whitish smudge was appeared in the water with the fungal blooming on walls of fish tanks. microscopic studies were conducted on fungal hyphae, colony pigmentation and chlamydospore formation and the presence of macro- and microspores confirmed that the isolated fungus as f. oxysporum. furthermore, isolated ...201727451953
comparative antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesised by biological and chemical routes with pluronic f68 as a stabilising agent.the authors report the comparative antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesised by biological (using fusarium oxysporum) and chemical routes in the presence and absence of pluronic f68 as a stabilising agent. the production of silver nanoparticles was evidenced by uv-visible spectra, with absorbance at about 420 nm in the case of both biological and chemical synthesis. x-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of face-centred cubic structure (fcc plane). the nanoparticles ch ...201627463790
fungal isolate optimized for biogenesis of silver nanoparticles with enhanced colloidal stability.understanding the synthesis and properties of nanomaterials is critical for reliable applications. biological systems, such as fungi, have been described as a "green" alternative to synthesis, yet knowledge gaps exist in terms of production variability, comparison with commercial products, and identifying a clear biological advantage over other synthesis methods. in this study, we evaluated 12 fungal isolates of fusarium oxysporum for ag nanoparticle production and characterized the resultant bi ...201627466012
synthesis, structure and antimicrobial evaluation of a new gossypol triazole conjugates functionalized with aliphatic chains and benzyloxy groups.synthetic limitations in the copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (cuaac) on gossypol's skeleton functionalized with alkyne (2) or azide (3) groups have been indicated. modified approach to the synthesis of new gossypol-triazole conjugates yielded new compounds (24-31) being potential fungicides. spectroscopic studies of triazole conjugates 24-31 have revealed their structures in solution, i.e., the presence of enamine-enamine tautomeric forms and π-π stacking intramolecular interactions ...201627469129
biological preparation of chitosan nanoparticles and its in vitro antifungal efficacy against some phytopathogenic fungi.the aim of the present study was to prepare chitosan nanoparticles through biological method with high antifungal activities. chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the addition of anionic proteins isolated from penicillium oxalicum culture to chitosan solutions. the formation of chitosan nanoparticles was preliminary confirmed by uv-vis spectrophotometric analysis. the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan nanoparticles were determined by size and zeta potential analysis, ftir analysis, ...201627474573
chitosan and oligochitosan enhance ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe) resistance to rhizome rot caused by fusarium oxysporum in storage.the ability of chitosan and oligochitosan to enhance ginger (zingiber officinale) resistance to rhizome rot caused by fusarium oxysporum in storage was investigated. both chitosan and oligochitosan at 1 and 5g/l significantly inhibited rhizome rot, with the best control at 5g/l. chitosan and oligochitosan applied at 5g/l also reduced weight loss, measured as a decrease in fresh weight, but did not affect soluble solids content or titratable acidity of rhizomes. the two compounds applied at 5g/l ...201627474591
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