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insights from the draft genome of paenibacillus lentimorbus nrrl b-30488, a promising plant growth promoting bacterium.paenibacillus lentimorbus nrrl b-30488, a plant growth-promoting bacterium was isolated from sahiwal cow's milk. the strain shows antagonism against phytopathogens, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and alternaria solani. its genome contains gene clusters involved in nonribosomal synthesis of secondary metabolites involved in antimicrobial activities. the genome sequence of p. lentimorbus nrrl b-30488 provides the genetic basis for application of this bacterial strain in plant growth promotion, p ...201324140292
slow sand filters effectively reduce phytophthora after a pathogen switch from fusarium and a simulated pump failure.slow sand filtration has been shown to effectively reduce phytophthora zoospores in irrigation water. this experiment tested the reduction of phytophthora colony forming units (cfus) by slow sand filtration systems after switching the pathogen contaminating plant leachate from fusarium to phytophthora and the resilience of the system to a short period without water, as might be caused by a pump failure. the slow sand filtration system greatly reduced phytophthora cfus and transmission after swit ...201323866129
[fusariosis diagnosed in the laboratory of an uh in tunisia: epidemiological, clinical and mycological study].the genus fusarium, initially known for its important agro-economic impact, is more and more often implicated in human pathology. in fact, multiples allergic, toxic and infectious manifestations are more reported in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. the objective of our study was to analyse the epidemiological, mycological and clinical features of fusariosis reported in our chu. eighty-seven cases of fusarium infections were collected: 34 cases of onychomycosis (39%), 26 cases of inte ...201323725904
lipolytic system of the tomato pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.the lipolytic profile of fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici was studied by in silico search and biochemical enzyme activity analyses. twenty-five structural secreted lipases were predicted based on the conserved pentapeptide gly-x-ser-x-gly-, characteristic of fungal lipases, and secretion signal sequences. moreover, a predicted lipase regulatory gene was identified in addition to the previously characterized ctf1. the transcription profile of thirteen lipase genes during tomato plant coloniza ...201323718123
proteomic analysis of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4-inoculated response to fusarium wilts in the banana root cells.fusarium wilt of banana is one of the most destructive diseases in the world. this disease has caused heavy losses in major banana production areas. except for molecular breeding methods based on plant defense mechanisms, effective methods to control the disease are still lacking. dynamic changes in defense mechanisms between susceptible, moderately resistant, and highly resistant banana and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (foc4) at the protein level remain unknown. this resear ...201324070062
isolation, purification and characterization of vinblastine and vincristine from endophytic fungus fusarium oxysporum isolated from catharanthus roseus.endophytic fungi reside in a symbiotic fashion inside their host plants, mimic their chemistry and interestingly, produce the same natural products as their hosts and are thus being screened for the production of valuable compounds like taxol, camptothecin, podophyllotoxin, etc. vinblastine and vincristine are excellent anti-cancer drugs but their current production using plants is non-abundant and expensive. in order to make these drugs readily available to the patients at affordable prices, we ...201324066024
identification of antifungal niphimycin from streptomyces sp. kp6107 by screening based on adenylate kinase assay.microbial culture extracts are used for natural product screening to find antifungal lead compounds. a microbial culture extract library was constructed using 343 actinomycete isolates to examine the value of the adenylate kinase (ak) assay for screening to identify antifungal metabolites that disrupt cell integrity in plant pathogenic fungi. a culture extract of streptomyces sp. strain kp6107 lysed cells of fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici which resulted in high ak activity. the active ingr ...201322915202
isolation of antifungal bacteria from japanese fermented soybeans, natto.an inhibitory effect of a traditional japanese fermented food, natto, was found against plant pathogens such as rhizoctonia solani and fusarium oxysporum, and the bacteria which showed inhibition were isolated from the natto. among isolated bacteria, bc-1 and gac exhibited a strong antagonistic effect in vitro against plant pathogens on an agar medium. the supernatant of bacterial culture also showed strong activity against r. solani, which meant the antimicrobial substances were produced and se ...201325078814
surface enhanced raman scattering, antibacterial and antifungal active triangular gold nanoparticles.shape controlled syntheses of gold nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of attention as their optical, electronic, magnetic and biological properties are strongly dependent on the size and shape of the particles. here is a report on the surface enhanced raman scattering (sers) activity of cinnamomum zeylanicum leaf broth reduced gold nanoparticles consisting of triangular and spherical like particles, using 2-aminothiophenol (2-atp) and crystal violet (cv) as probe molecules. nanoparticles ...201323220525
discovery of a linoleate 9s-dioxygenase and an allene oxide synthase in a fusion protein of fusarium oxysporum.fusarium oxysporum is a devastating plant pathogen that oxidizes c₁₈ fatty acids sequentially to jasmonates. the genome codes for putative dioxygenase (dox)-cytochrome p450 (cyp) fusion proteins homologous to linoleate diol synthases (ldss) and the allene oxide synthase (aos) of aspergillus terreus, e.g., foxb_01332. recombinant foxb_01332 oxidized 18:2n-6 to 9s-hydroperoxy-10(e),12(z)-octadecadienoic acid by hydrogen abstraction and antarafacial insertion of molecular oxygen and sequentially to ...201324082064
targeting iron acquisition blocks infection with the fungal pathogens aspergillus fumigatus and fusarium oxysporum.filamentous fungi are an important cause of pulmonary and systemic morbidity and mortality, and also cause corneal blindness and visual impairment worldwide. utilizing in vitro neutrophil killing assays and a model of fungal infection of the cornea, we demonstrated that dectin-1 dependent il-6 production regulates expression of iron chelators, heme and siderophore binding proteins and hepcidin in infected mice. in addition, we show that human neutrophils synthesize lipocalin-1, which sequesters ...201323853581
antifungal and antioxidant pyrrole derivative from piper pedicellatum.in continuation of our search for efficient pest control natural products from the flora of the south eastern sub-himalayan biodiversity region, we have investigated wild edible piper pedicellatum c. dc (piperaceae) from arunachal pradesh, india against five important plant pathogenic fungi through an activity guided method, and a new compound, pedicellamide, was isolated. the structure was determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies and confirmed by x-ray crystallography. the com ...201324354199
biocontrol and plant growth promotion characterization of bacillus species isolated from calendula officinalis rhizosphere.the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the plant growth promoting bacillus genus have been widely investigated in the rhizosphere of various agricultural crops. however, to our knowledge this is the first report on the bacillus species isolated from the rhizosphere of calendula officinalis. 15 % of the isolated bacteria were screened for their important antifungal activity against fusarium oxysporum, botrytis cinerea, aspergillus niger, cladosporium cucumerinium and alternaria alternata. the ...201324426149
antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of isolated compounds from leaves of breonadia salicina.breonadia salicina is used traditionally to treat wounds, ulcers, fevers, headaches, and fungal infections. the aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of the plant extract and compounds isolated there from.201323727185
antimicrobial activity of pleurocidin is retained in plc-2, a c-terminal 12-amino acid fragment.an analysis of a series of five peptides composed of various portions of the pleurocidin (plc) sequence identified a l2-amino acid fragment from the c-terminus of plc, designated plc-2, as the smallest fragment that retained a antimicrobial activity comparable to that of the parent compound. mic tests in vitro with low-ionic-strength medium showed that plc-2 has potent activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus but not against enterococcus faecalis. the a ...201323603258
a novel and highly efficient method for genetic transformation of fungi employing shock waves.genetic transformation of filamentous fungi is an essential tool in many areas such as biotechnology, medicine, phytopathology and genetics. however, available protocols to transform fungi are inefficient, laborious and have low reproducibility. we report the use of underwater shock waves as a novel method to transform filamentous fungi. an experimental piezoelectric shock wave generator was designed to expose fungal conidia to heterologous dna. the device was successfully tested in aspergillus ...201323583899
synthesis, structural and fungicidal studies of hydrazone based coordination compounds.the coordination compounds of the co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) metal ions derived from imine based ligand, benzil bis(carbohydarzone) were structurally and pharmaceutically studied. the compounds have the general stoichiometry [m(l)]x(2) and [co(l)x(2)], where m=ni(ii) and cu(ii), and x=no(3)(-) and cl(-) ions. the analytical techniques like elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, ir, uv/visible, nmr, esi mass and epr were used to study the compound ...201323261608
antifungal cyclic lipopeptides from bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain bo5a.a bioassay-guided fractionation of bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain bo5a afforded the isolation of two new cyclic lipopeptides (1 and 2) as the major lipid constituents (>60%) of the chcl3-meoh (2:1) extract. the chemical structures of the isolated metabolites were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (ms), secondary ion mass spectrometry (ms1, ms2), and chemical degradation. the compounds are members of the surfactins family and are based ...201324164115
contribution of bacillomycin d in bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 to antifungal activity and biofilm formation.bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains are capable of suppressing soilborne pathogens through the secretion of an array of lipopeptides and root colonization, and biofilm formation ability is considered a prerequisite for efficient root colonization. in this study, we report that one of the lipopeptide compounds (bacillomycin d) produced by the rhizosphere strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 not only plays a vital role in the antagonistic activity against fusarium oxysporum but also affects the e ...201323160135
identification and production of azotobacter vinelandii and its antifungal activity against fusarium oxysporum.the phytopathogenic fusarium species are one of the leading causes of loss in agricultural productivity. in search of an efficient bacterial antagonist, 19 soil isolates of azotobacter sp. were screened for antagonistic activity against fusarium oxysporum by agar well diffusion assay. the potential strain was identified as azotobacter vinelandii by 16s rrna sequencing. optimum conditions for culturing a. vinelandii to obtain maximum antifungal activity were determined by varying temperature, ph, ...201324620576
phylogenetic diversity of bacterial endophytes of panax notoginseng with antagonistic characteristics towards pathogens of root-rot disease complex.endophytes play an important role in protection of host plants from infection by phytopathogens. endophytic bacteria were isolated from five different parts (root, stem, petiole, leaf and seed) of panax notoginseng and evaluated for antagonistic activity against fusarium oxysporum, ralstonia sp. and meloidogyne hapla, three major pathogens associated with root-rot disease complex of p. notoginseng. from 1000 endophytic bacterial strains evaluated in vitro, 104 strains exhibited antagonistic prop ...201322987248
a novel antifungal protein of bacillus subtilis b25.bacillus subtilis b25 was isolated from banana rhizosphere soil. it has been confirmed for b25 to have stronger antagonism against fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense, additionally b25 has good inhibitory to plant pathogens, including corynespora cassiicola, alternaria solani, botrytis cinerea and colletotrichum gloeosporioides on potato dextrose agar (pda) plates. the antagonistic substance can be extracted from cell-free culture broth supernatants by 70% (w/v) (nh4)2 so4 saturation. clear blank ba ...201324255843
bioconjugation of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized by fusarium oxysporum and their use in rapid identification of candida species by using bioconjugate-nano-polymerase chain reaction.we developed a bioconjugate-nano-pcr as a rapid and specific method for identification of candida species in less time. this requires very low concentration of master mix and dna sample of candida albicans in conjugation with gold nanoparticles (aunps) and silver nanoparticles (agnps). we report a modification of the pcr assay with nanoparticles that allows the detection of high fidelity amplification of its-rdna and beta (beta) tubulin gene of candida species from low concentrated dna in short ...201324266252
endophytic fungi isolated from oil-seed crop jatropha curcas produces oil and exhibit antifungal activity.jatropha curcas l., a perennial plant grown in tropics and subtropics is popularly known for its potential as biofuel. the plant is reported to survive under varying environmental conditions having tolerance to stress and an ability to manage pest and diseases. the plant was explored for its endophytic fungi for use in crop protection. endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf of jatropha curcas, collected from new delhi, india. four isolates were identified as colletotrichum truncatum, and other ...201323409154
insights into fungal communities in composts revealed by 454-pyrosequencing: implications for human health and safety.fungal community composition in composts of lignocellulosic wastes was assessed via 454-pyrosequencing of its1 libraries derived from the three major composting phases. ascomycota represented most (93%) of the 27,987 fungal sequences. a total of 102 genera, 120 species, and 222 operational taxonomic units (otus; >97% similarity) were identified. thirty genera predominated (ca. 94% of the sequences), and at the species level, sequences matching chaetomium funicola and fusarium oxysporum were the ...201323785368
tandem combination of trigonella foenum-graecum defensin (tfgd2) and raphanus sativus antifungal protein (rsafp2) generates a more potent antifungal protein.plant defensins are small (45 to 54 amino acids) positively charged antimicrobial peptides produced by the plant species, which can inhibit the growth of a broad range of fungi at micro-molar concentrations. these basic peptides share a common characteristic three-dimensional folding pattern with one α-helix and three β-sheets that are stabilized by eight disulfide-linked cysteine residues. instead of using two single-gene constructs, it is beneficial when two effective genes are made into a sin ...201324022215
induced resistance to botrytis cinerea in capsicum annuum by a fusarium crude elicitor fraction, free of proteins.fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) induces resistance in pepper against the airborne pathogen botrytis cinerea and the soil-borne pathogen verticillium dahliae. however, its practical use is limited due to its pathogenicity to other crops. in this study we tested several fractions of a heat-sterilised crude fol-elicitor preparation to protect pepper against b. cinerea and v. dahliae. only the protein-free insoluble fraction of the preparation reduced b. cinerea infection. however, none ...201324112636
the elicitation effect of pathogenic fungi on trichodermin production by trichoderma brevicompactum.the effects of six species of phytopathogenic fungi mycelia as elicitors on trichodermin yield by trichoderma brevicompactum were investigated. neither nonviable nor viable mycelia of botrytis cinerea, alternaria solani, colletotrichum lindemuthianum, and thanatephorus cucumeris demonstrated any elicitation on the accumulation of trichodermin. however, the production of trichodermin was increased by the presence of viable/nonviable rhizoctonia solani and fusarium oxysporum mycelia. the strongest ...201324385883
identification and characterization of an anti-fungi fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium protease from the bacillus subtilis strain n7.a newly discovered alkaline antifungal protease named p6 from bacillus subtilis n7 was purified and partially characterized. b. subtilis n7 culture filtrates were purified by 30-60% (nh4)2so4 precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) revealed a single band of 41.38 kda. peptide sequence of protease p6 was determined using a 4800 plus maldi tof/tof™ analyzer system. self-formed adaptor pcr ( ...201323812816
bacillus thuringiensis strain 199 can induce systemic resistance in tomato against fusarium wilt.the research work was performed to investigate the potential of bacillus thuringiensis strain 199 to induce systemic resistance in tomato against fusarium wilt. roots of two-week-old seedlings of tomato plants were primed with bacterial strain. after 10 days of transplantation, some pots of tomato seedlings were provided with inoculum of fusarium oxysporum lycopersici according to experimental design to induce disease. after 15 days of incubation period, plants challenged with f. oxysporum lycop ...201324294498
isolation and characterization of a proteinaceous antifungal compound from lactobacillus plantarum yml007 and its application as a food preservative.korean kimchi is known for its myriad of lactic acid bacteria (lab) with diverse bioactive compounds. this study was undertaken to isolate an efficient antifungal lab strain among the isolated kimchi labs. one thousand and four hundred labs isolated from different kimchi samples were initially screened against aspergillus niger. the strain exhibiting the highest antifungal activity was identified as lactobacillus plantarum yml007 by 16s rrna sequencing and biochemical assays using api 50 chl kit ...201323565693
biological interactions between soil saprotrophic fungi and ascaris suum eggs.the in vitro effect of saprotrophic soil fungi on the embryonic development of ascaris suum was evaluated. the fungi tested were aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus terreus, penicillium citrinum, penicillium expansum, fusarium oxysporum and trichothecium roseum, isolated from children's recreation areas in the city of lodz (poland). each species was co-cultured with a. suum egg suspension (6 × 10(3)eggs/ml) at 25 ± 2°c for 60 days. each day, 100 eggs were randomly collected and their developmenta ...201323534981
characterization of antifungal activity of the gh-46 subclass iii chitosanase from bacillus circulans mh-k1.we characterized the antifungal activity of the bacillus circulans subclass iii mh-k1 chitosanase (mh-k1 chitosanase), which is one of the most intensively studied glycoside hydrolases (ghs) that belong to gh family 46. mh-k1 chitosanase inhibited the growth of zygomycetes fungi, rhizopus and mucor, even at 10 pmol (0.3 μg)/ml culture probably via its fungistatic effect. the amino acid substitution e37q abolished the antifungal activity of mh-k1 chitosanase, but retained binding to chitotriose. ...201323892828
microwave assisted synthesis of dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones; synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer activities of novel coumarin substituted dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones.the present article describes the synthesis of dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (2a-h) under microwave irradiation. the product was obtained in excellent yield (74-94%) in a shorter reaction time (2 min). these molecules (2a, b) further reacted with various substituted 4-bromomethylcoumarins (3a-f) to yield a new series of coumarin substituted dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones (4a-h). the structure of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral studies an ...201324056147
optimization of media and temperature for enhanced antimicrobial production by bacteria associated with rhabditis sp.entomopathogenic nematodes, belonging to the family heterorhabditis and steinernematidae, are reported to be symbiotically associated with specific bacteria and the secondary metabolites produced by these bacteria possess antimicrobial activity. in this study, bacteria were isolated from nematodes belonging to the family rhabditidae, and the antimicrobial activity was tested against four bacteria viz. bacillus subtilis mtcc 2756, staphylococcus aureus mtcc 902, escherichia coli mtcc 2622, and ps ...201323825731
antifungal activity of the algerian lawsonia inermis (henna).lawsonia inermis linn. (lythraceae) or henna has been used since the earliest times as a medicine, preservative, and cosmetic. it has long been recommended in traditional medicine as an astringent, purgative, and abortifacient.201323126251
in vitro antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against ocular pathogenic filamentous fungi.fungal keratitis is emerging as a major cause of vision loss in a developing country such as china because of higher incidence and the unavailability of effective antifungals. it is urgent to explore broad-spectrum antifungals to effectively suppress ocular fungal pathogens, and to develop new antifungal eye drops to combat this vision-threatening infection. the aim of this study is to investigate the antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (nano-ag) in comparison with that of natamycin agai ...201323410063
a comparative hidden markov model analysis pipeline identifies proteins characteristic of cereal-infecting fungi.fungal pathogens cause devastating losses in economically important cereal crops by utilising pathogen proteins to infect host plants. secreted pathogen proteins are referred to as effectors and have thus far been identified by selecting small, cysteine-rich peptides from the secretome despite increasing evidence that not all effectors share these attributes.201324252298
heterologous expression of an aspartic protease gene from biocontrol fungus trichoderma asperellum in pichia pastoris.trichoderma asperellum parasitizes a large variety of phytopathogenic fungi. the mycoparasitic activity of t. asperellum depends on the secretion of complex mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the host cell wall and proteases which are a group of enzymes capable of degrading proteins from host. in this study, a full-length cdna clone of aspartic protease gene, taasp, from t. asperellum was obtained and sequenced. the 1,185 bp long cdna sequence was predicted to encode a 395 amino acid ...201323677580
wound-induced pectin methylesterases enhance banana (musa spp. aaa) susceptibility to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.recent studies suggest that plant pectin methylesterases (pmes) are directly involved in plant defence besides their roles in plant development. however, the molecular mechanisms of pme action on pectins are not well understood. in order to understand how pmes modify pectins during banana (musa spp.)-fusarium interaction, the expression and enzyme activities of pmes in two banana cultivars, highly resistant or susceptible to fusarium, were compared with each other. furthermore, the spatial distr ...201323580752
generating phenotypic diversity in a fungal biocatalyst to investigate alcohol stress tolerance encountered during microbial cellulosic biofuel production.consolidated bioprocessing (cbp) of lignocellulosic biomass offers an alternative route to renewable energy. the crop pathogen fusarium oxysporum is a promising fungal biocatalyst because of its broad host range and innate ability to co-saccharify and ferment lignocellulose to bioethanol. a major challenge for cellulolytic cbp-enabling microbes is alcohol inhibition. this research tested the hypothesis that agrobacterium tumefaciens--mediated transformation (atmt) could be exploited as a tool to ...201324147009
transcriptome and expression profile analysis of highly resistant and susceptible banana roots challenged with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4.banana wilt disease, caused by the fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 4 (foc4), is regarded as one of the most devastating diseases worldwide. cavendish cultivar 'yueyoukang 1' was shown to have significantly lower disease severity and incidence compared with susceptible cultivar 'brazilian' in greenhouse and field trials. de novo sequencing technology was previously performed to investigate defense mechanism in middle resistant 'nongke no 1' banana, but not in highly resistant cu ...201324086302
antibacterial activity of extracellular compounds produced by a pseudomonas strain against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains.the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a world health problem. staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) strains, is one of the most important human pathogens associated with hospital and community-acquired infections. the aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived compound against mrsa strains.201323773484
root exudates from grafted-root watermelon showed a certain contribution in inhibiting fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum.grafting watermelon onto bottle gourd rootstock is commonly used method to generate resistance to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (fon), but knowledge of the effect of the root exudates of grafted watermelon on this soil-borne pathogen in rhizosphere remains limited. to investigate the root exudate profiles of the own-root bottle gourd, grafted-root watermelon and own-root watermelon, recirculating hydroponic culture system was developed to continuously trap these root exudates. both conidial g ...201323700421
a nuclear localization for avr2 from fusarium oxysporum is required to activate the tomato resistance protein i-2.plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to promote host colonization. during infection of tomato xylem vessels, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) secretes the avr2 effector protein. besides being a virulence factor, avr2 is recognized intracellularly by the tomato i-2 resistance protein, resulting in the induction of host defenses. here, we show that avr2 is highly expressed in root- and xylem-colonizing hyphae three days post inoculation of roots. co-expression of i-2 with avr2 dele ...201323596453
synthesis and structure-activity relationship of n-(cinnamyl) chitosan analogs as antimicrobial agents.the current study focuses on the preparation of new n-(cinnamyl) chitosan derivatives as antimicrobial agents against nine types of crop-threatening pathogens. chitosan was reacted with a set of aromatic cinnamaldehyde analogs by reductive amination involving formation of the corresponding imines, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride to produce n-(cinnamyl) chitosan derivatives. the structural characterization was confirmed by (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy and the degrees of substitut ...201323511055
fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri race 1 induced redox state alterations are coupled to downstream defense signaling in root tissues of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.).reactive oxygen species are known to play pivotal roles in pathogen perception, recognition and downstream defense signaling. but, how these redox alarms coordinate in planta into a defensive network is still intangible. present study illustrates the role of fusarium oxysporum f.sp ciceri race1 (foc1) induced redox responsive transcripts in regulating downstream defense signaling in chickpea. confocal microscopic studies highlighted pathogen invasion and colonization accompanied by tissue damage ...201324058463
a non-cyclic baboon θ-defensin derivative exhibiting antimicrobial activity against the phytopathogen verticillium dahliae.θ-defensins are the only natural cyclic proteins found in primates. they have strong antimicrobial activity related to their trisulfide ladders and macrocyclic conformation. a non-cyclic baboon θ-defensin (btd) was synthesized by substituting valine with phenylalanine at position 17, at the c-terminal end of the btd; this was termed "btd-s." the antimicrobial activities of this synthetic peptide were investigated against escherichia coli and two cotton phytopathogens: verticillium dahliae and fu ...201322903319
chitinase a from stenotrophomonas maltophilia shows transglycosylation and antifungal activities.stenotrophomonas maltophilia chitinase (stmchia and stmchib) genes were cloned and expressed as soluble proteins of 70.5 and 41.6 kda in escherichia coli. ni-nta affinity purified stmchia and stmchib were optimally active at ph 5.0 and 7.0, respectively and exhibited broad range ph activity. stmchia and stmchib had an optimum temperature of 40°c and are stable up to 50 and 40°c, respectively. hydrolytic activity on chitooligosaccharides indicated that stmchia was an endo-acting enzyme releasing ...201323428818
characterization of a β-1,3-glucan recognition protein from the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (insecta: lepidoptera: noctuidae).the β-1,3-glucan recognition protein gene from spodoptera exigua (seβgrp) was cloned and characterized. the cdna of this gene is 1 644 nucleotides in length and the predicted polypeptide is 491 amino acids (aa) in length, with a calculated molecular mass of 54.8 kda. the first 22 aa encode a predicted secretion signal peptide. a blast search, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis of the aa sequence of seβgrp revealed that this protein is most similar to the β-1,3-glucan recognit ...201323956146
molecular analyses of fusarium isolates recovered from a cluster of invasive mold infections in a brazilian hospital.invasive fusariosis (if) is a rare but often fatal fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients. in 2007, cases of if above the expected epidemiologic baseline were detected in the hematology ward of a hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. possible sources of infection were investigated by performing environmental sampling and patient isolate collection, followed by molecular typing. isolates from dermatology patients with superficial fusariosis were included in the study for comparison to molecu ...201323363475
an iron 13s-lipoxygenase with an α-linolenic acid specific hydroperoxidase activity from fusarium oxysporum.jasmonates constitute a family of lipid-derived signaling molecules that are abundant in higher plants. the biosynthetic pathway leading to plant jasmonates is initiated by 13-lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxygenation of α-linolenic acid into its 13-hydroperoxide derivative. a number of plant pathogenic fungi (e.g. fusarium oxysporum) are also capable of producing jasmonates, however, by a yet unknown biosynthetic pathway. in a search for lipoxygenase in f. oxysporum, a reverse genetic approach was use ...201323741422
synthesis and in vitro antifungal activities of new 2-aryl-6,7-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ium bromides.2-aryl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-iums might be considered as a class of simple analogues of natural quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids. in this paper, 26 new 2-aryl-6,7-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ium bromides with various substituents in n-aromatic ring were synthesized from commercially available 1,3-benzodioxole in good to excellent yields. all the compounds were elucidated by ms, high resolution (hr)-ms, ir, (1)h- and (13)c-nmr analysis, and evaluated for antifungal activ ...201323666271
chiral phosphinate degradation by the fusarium species: scope and limitation of the process.biodegradable capacities of fungal strains of fusarium oxysporum (dsmz 2018) and fusarium culmorum (dsmz 1094) were tested towards racemic mixture of chiral 2-hydroxy-2-(ethoxyphenylphosphinyl) acetic acid-a compound with two stereogenic centres. the effectiveness of decomposition was dependent on external factors such as temperature and time of the process. optimal conditions of complete mineralization were established. both fusarium species were able to biodegrade every isomer of tested compou ...201324324893
fusarium oxysporum infection assays in arabidopsis.increased susceptibility to fusarium oxysporum is one of the most conspicuous characteristics of the arabidopsis mutants lacking the heterotrimeric g protein β and γ1 subunits. the molecular mechanisms placing these g proteins in the plant innate immunity network are yet to be discovered. however, a method to test susceptibility to and disease progression of an important plant pathogen, such as f. oxysporum, is of central importance to many plant defense studies. the optimized protocol presented ...201323913036
a proteomic approach provides new insights into the control of soil-borne plant pathogens by bacillus species.beneficial microorganisms (also known as biopesticides) are considered to be one of the most promising methods for more rational and safe crop management practices. we used bacillus strains eu07, qst713 and fzb24, and investigated their inhibitory effect on fusarium. bacterial cell cultures, cell-free supernatants and volatiles displayed varying degrees of suppressive effect. proteomic analysis of secreted proteins from eu07 and fzb24 revealed the presence of lytic enzymes, cellulases, proteases ...201323301041
the rhizosphere microbial community in a multiple parallel mineralization system suppresses the pathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum.the rhizosphere microbial community in a hydroponics system with multiple parallel mineralization (mpm) can potentially suppress root-borne diseases. this study focused on revealing the biological nature of the suppression against fusarium wilt disease, which is caused by the fungus fusarium oxysporum, and describing the factors that may influence the fungal pathogen in the mpm system. we demonstrated that the rhizosphere microbiota that developed in the mpm system could suppress fusarium wilt d ...201324311557
the intercropping partner affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici interactions in tomato.arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and their bioprotective aspects are of great interest in the context of sustainable agriculture. combining the benefits of amf with the utilisation of plant species diversity shows great promise for the management of plant diseases in environmentally compatible agriculture. in the present study, amf were tested against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici with tomato intercropped with either leek, cucumber, basil, fennel or tomato itself. arbuscular mycorrhiza ...201323549903
synthesis, antifungal and antibacterial activity for novel amide derivatives containing a triazole moiety.plant fungi (e.g., pellicularia sasakii, gibberella zeae, fusarium oxysporum, and cytospora mandshurica and phytophthora infestans) and bacteria (e.g., ralstonia solanacearum) are extremely difficult to manage in agricultural production. the high incidence of plant mortality and the lack of effective control methods make p. sasakii and r. solanacearum two of the world's most destructive plant pathogens. pathogenic fungi and bacteria are responsible for billions of dollars in economic losses worl ...201323402603
iron competition in fungus-plant interactions: the battle takes place in the rhizosphere.soilborne fungal pathogens are highly persistent and provoke important crop losses. during saprophytic and infectious stages in the soil, these organisms face situations of nutrient limitation and lack of essential elements, such as iron. we investigated the role of the bzip transcription factor hapx as a central regulator of iron homeostasis and virulence in the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum. this root-infecting plant pathogen attacks more than hundred different crops and is an emergi ...201323299422
streptomyces rochei acta1551, an indigenous greek isolate studied as a potential biocontrol agent against fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici.many studies have shown that several greek ecosystems inhabit very interesting bacteria with biotechnological properties. therefore streptomyces isolates from diverse greek habitats were selected for their antifungal activity against the common phytopathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum. the isolate encoded acta1551, member of streptomyces genus, could strongly suppress the fungal growth when examined in antagonistic bioassays in vitro. the isolate was found phylogenetically relative to streptomy ...201323762841
burkholderia terrae bs001 migrates proficiently with diverse fungal hosts through soil and provides protection from antifungal agents.soil bacteria can benefit from co-occurring soil fungi in respect of the acquisition of carbonaceous nutrients released by fungal hyphae and the access to novel territories in soil. here, we investigated the capacity of the mycosphere-isolated bacterium burkholderia terrae bs001 to comigrate through soil along with hyphae of the soil fungi trichoderma asperellum, rhizoctonia solani, fusarium oxysporum, f. oxysporum pv lini, coniochaeta ligniaria, phanerochaete velutina, and phallus impudicus. we ...201425426111
responses of beneficial bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 to different soilborne fungal pathogens through the alteration of antifungal compounds production.bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 exhibited predominantly antagonistic activities against a broad range of soilborne pathogens. the fungi-induced sqr9 extracts possess stronger antifungal activities compared with sqr9 monoculture extracts. to investigate how sqr9 fine-tunes lipopeptides (lps) and a siderophore bacillibactin production to control different fungal pathogens, lps and bacillibactin production and transcription of the respective encoding genes in sqr9 were measured and compared with si ...201425484880
development of quantitative proteomics using itraq based on the immunological response of galleria mellonella larvae challenged with fusarium oxysporum microconidia.galleria mellonella has emerged as a potential invertebrate model for scrutinizing innate immunity. larvae are easy to handle in host-pathogen assays. we undertook proteomics research in order to understand immune response in a heterologous host when challenged with microconidia of fusarium oxysporum. the aim of this study was to investigate hemolymph proteins that were differentially expressed between control and immunized larvae sets, tested with f. oxysporum at two temperatures. the itraq app ...201425379782
microwave assistant synthesis, antifungal activity and dft theoretical study of some novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing pyridine moiety.in order to investigate the biological activity of novel 1,2,4-triazole compounds, seventeen novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing pyridine moiety were synthesized under microwave assistant condition by multi-step reactions. the structures were characterized by 1h nmr, ms and elemental analyses. the target compounds were evaluated for their fungicidal activities against stemphylium lycopersici (enjoji) yamamoto, fusarium oxysporum. sp. cucumebrium, and botrytis cinerea in vivo, and the res ...201424815069
enhanced control of cucumber wilt disease by bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 by altering the regulation of its degu phosphorylation.bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain sqr9, isolated from the cucumber rhizosphere, suppresses the growth of fusarium oxysporum in the cucumber rhizosphere and protects the host plant from pathogen invasion through efficient root colonization. in the gram-positive bacterium bacillus, the response regulator degu regulates genetic competence, swarming motility, biofilm formation, complex colony architecture, and protease production. in this study, we report that stepwise phosphorylation of degu in b. ...201424584252
in vitro antagonistic activity, plant growth promoting traits and phylogenetic affiliation of rhizobacteria associated with wild plants grown in arid soil.the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) in adaptation of plants in extreme environments is not yet completely understood. for this study native bacteria were isolated from rhizospeheric arid soils and evaluated for both growth-promoting abilities and antagonistic potential against phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes. the phylogentic affiliation of these representative isolates was also characterized. rhizobacteria associated with 11 wild plant species from the arid soil of almadi ...201425538687
characterization and fungal inhibition activity of siderophore from wheat rhizosphere associated acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain hirfa32.acinetobacter calcoaceticus hirfa32 from wheat rhizosphere produced catecholate type of siderophore with optimum siderophore (ca. 92 % siderophore units) in succinic acid medium without feso4 at 28 °c and 24 h of incubation. hplc purified siderophore appeared as pale yellow crystals with molecular weight [m(+1)] m/z 347.18 estimated by lcms. the structure elucidated by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, hmqc, hmbc, noesy and decoupling studies, revealed that siderophore composed of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid w ...201424891739
comparative study of the fungicide benomyl toxicity on some plant growth promoting bacteria and some fungi in pure cultures.six laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of the fungicide benomyl on pure cultures of some plant growth promoting bacteria (pgpb) and some fungi. the highest ld50 was recorded for bacillus circulans and proved to be the most resistant to the fungicide, followed by azospirillum braziliense, while penicillium sp. was the most affected microorganism. ld50 values for the affected microorganisms were in 21-240 orders of magnitude lower in comparison with the ld50 value fo ...201426038670
[biological characteristics of an hog1 mapk homologous gene fohog1 knock-out mutant of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense].this study was aimed to obtain a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) gene namely fohog1 from fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and to verify its function.201425752133
novel phl-producing genotypes of finger millet rhizosphere associated pseudomonads and assessment of their functional and genetic diversity.genetic diversity of phld gene, an essential gene in the biosynthesis of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, was studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in 20 phl-producing pseudomonads isolated from finger millet rhizosphere. rflp analysis of phld gene displayed three patterns with haeiii and taqi enzymes. phld gene sequence closely correlated with rflp results and revealed the existence of three new genotypes g, h and i. further, the phylogenetic and concatenated sequence analysis o ...201424819774
occurrence of root rot and vascular wilt diseases in roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) in upper egypt.roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) family malvaceae is an important crop used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics industries. roselle is cultivated mainly in upper egypt (qena and aswan governorates) producing 94% of total production. root rot disease of roselle is one of the most important diseases that attack both seedlings and adult plants causing serious losses in crop productivity and quality. the main objective of the present study is to identify and characterize pathogens associated with r ...201424808737
synergistic effect of dazomet soil fumigation and clonostachys rosea against cucumber fusarium wilt.soil fumigation and biological control are two control measures frequently used against soilborne diseases. in this study, the chemical fumigant dazomet was applied in combination with the biocontrol agent (bca) clonostachys rosea 67-1 to combat cucumber wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum kw2-1. when the mycoparasite c. rosea 67-1 was applied after dazomet fumigation, disease control reached 100%, compared with 88.1 and 69.8% for dazomet and 67-1 agent, respectively, applied al ...201424941326
morphological and molecular characterization of fusarium spp pathogenic to pecan tree in brazil.the occurrence of fusarium spp associated with pecan tree (carya illinoinensis) diseases in brazil has been observed in recent laboratory analyses in rio grande do sul state. thus, in this study, we i) obtained fusarium isolates from plants with disease symptoms; ii) tested the pathogenicity of these fusarium isolates to pecan; iii) characterized and grouped fusarium isolates that were pathogenic to the pecan tree based on morphological characteristics; iv) identified fusarium spp to the species ...201425501150
in vitro antifungal potentials of bioactive compound oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester isolated from lepidagathis cristata willd. (acanthaceae) inflorescence.to identify bioactive compound oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester from lepidagathis cristata willd. (l. cristata) and to assess antifungal potentials of the isolated compound.201425312119
root-associated fungi of rosa rugosa grown on the frontal dunes of the baltic sea coast in lithuania.the aim of the present study was to assess fungal communities associated with fine living roots of rosa rugosa thunb grown on the frontal dunes of curonian spit at the baltic sea coast in lithuania. the roots of r. rugosa were sampled at five sites (nida, preila, pervalka, juodkrante and smiltyne) situated at a distance ca. 5-15 km from each other. direct amplification, cloning and sequencing of fungal its rrna from the fine roots resulted in 134 high-quality sequences, representing 31 fungal ta ...201424402365
fusarium species isolated from pennisetum clandestinum collected during outbreaks of kikuyu poisoning in cattle in south africa.kikuyu poisoning occurs sporadically in south africa. it is of major economic importance, as valuable dairy cows are often poisoned by it, and once affected, the mortality rate is high. pennisetum clandestinum samples were collected during eight outbreaks of kikuyu poisoning in cattle in the eastern cape province of south africa from 2008 to 2010. the kikuyu grass samples were submitted specifically for the isolation and molecular identification of fusarium species, as it was recently suggested ...201425686222
galactose oxidase from fusarium oxysporum--expression in e. coli and p. pastoris and biochemical characterization.a gene coding for galactose 6-oxidase from fusarium oxysporum g12 was cloned together with its native preprosequence and a c-terminal his-tag, and successfully expressed both in escherichia coli and pichia pastoris. the enzyme was subsequently purified and characterized. among all tested substrates, the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/km) was found with 1-methyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (2.2 mm(-1) s(-1)). the michaelis constant (km) for d-galactose was determined to be 47 mm. optimal ph and tem ...201424967652
microbial contamination of domiciliary nebulisers and clinical implications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.domiciliary nebulisers are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) but nebuliser cleaning practice has not been assessed in patients with copd who are often elderly and may have severe disease and multiple comorbidities. we aimed to evaluate microbial contamination of home nebulisers used by patients with copd.201425478172
<i>fusarium</i> species isolated from <i>pennisetum clandestinum</i> collected during outbreaks of kikuyu poisoning in cattle in south africa.kikuyu poisoning occurs sporadically in south africa. it is of major economic importance, as valuable dairy cows are often poisoned by it, and once affected, the mortality rate is high. pennisetum clandestinum samples were collected during eight outbreaks of kikuyu poisoning in cattle in the eastern cape province of south africa from 2008 to 2010. the kikuyu grass samples were submitted specifically for the isolation and molecular identification of fusarium species, as it was recently suggested ...201428235286
root defense analysis against fusarium oxysporum reveals new regulators to confer resistance.fusarium oxysporum is a root-infecting fungal pathogen that causes wilt disease on a broad range of plant species, including arabidopsis thaliana. investigation of the defense response against this pathogen had primarily been conducted using leaf tissue and little was known about the root defense response. in this study, we profiled the expression of root genes after infection with f. oxysporum by microarray analysis. in contrast to the leaf response, root tissue did not show a strong induction ...201424998294
dna demethylases target promoter transposable elements to positively regulate stress responsive genes in arabidopsis.dna demethylases regulate dna methylation levels in eukaryotes. arabidopsis encodes four dna demethylases, demeter (dme), repressor of silencing 1 (ros1), demeter-like 2 (dml2), and dml3. while dme is involved in maternal specific gene expression during seed development, the biological function of the remaining dna demethylases remains unclear.201425228471
host perception of jasmonates promotes infection by fusarium oxysporum formae speciales that produce isoleucine- and leucine-conjugated jasmonates.three pathogenic forms, or formae speciales (f. spp.), of fusarium oxysporum infect the roots of arabidopsis thaliana below ground, instigating symptoms of wilt disease in leaves above ground. in previous reports, arabidopsis mutants that are deficient in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid or salicylic acid or insensitive to ethylene or jasmonates exhibited either more or less wilt disease, than the wild-type, implicating the involvement of hormones in the normal host response to f. oxysporum. ou ...201424387225
micrornas suppress nb domain genes in tomato that confer resistance to fusarium oxysporum.micrornas (mirnas) suppress the transcriptional and post-transcriptional expression of genes in plants. several mirna families target genes encoding nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (nb-lrr) plant innate immune receptors. the fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causes vascular wilt disease in tomato. we explored a role for mirnas in tomato defense against f. oxysporum using comparative mirna profiling of susceptible (moneymaker) and resistant (motelle) tomato cultivars. slmir ...201425330340
cultivable endophytic bacteria from leaf bases of agave tequilana and their role as plant growth promoters.agave tequilana weber var. 'azul' is grown for the production of tequila, inulin and syrup. diverse bacteria inhabit plant tissues and play a crucial role for plant health and growth. in this study culturable endophytic bacteria were extracted from leaf bases of 100 healthy agave tequilana plants. in plant tissue bacteria occurred at mean population densities of 3 million cfu/g of fresh plant tissue. three hundred endophytic strains were isolated and 16s rdna sequences grouped the bacteria into ...201425763038
small rna profiling reveals regulation of arabidopsis mir168 and heterochromatic sirna415 in response to fungal elicitors.small rnas (srnas), including small interfering rnas (sirnas) and micrornas (mirnas), have emerged as important regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. in plants, mirnas play critical roles in development, nutrient homeostasis and abiotic stress responses. accumulating evidence also reveals that srnas are involved in plant immunity. most studies on pathogen-regulated srnas have been conducted in arabidopsis plants infected with the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae, or treated with the f ...201425491154
molecular diversity and functional variability of environmental isolates of bacillus species.in the present study, out of 264 phosphate (p) solubilizing bacillus strains isolated from apple rhizosphere, only twelve isolates were found to be efficient (showed most of the plant growth promoting activity) which were further characterized at molecular level using 16s rdna partial gene sequencing. out of 12 isolates, mzpsb 207 was found to be most efficient p-solubilizing (864.71 μg/ml) isolate which also showed indole acetic acid production (51.83 μg/ml), siderophore production, ammonia pro ...201425279279
activity of natural products against some phytopathogenic fungi.the requirement of environmental protection and food safety is perceived with always major interest by public opinion and it is consistent with european union legislation on the sustainable use of pesticides (directive 2009/128/ec). this directive requires member states to promote low pesticide-input, giving priority to non-chemical methods and low risk plant protection products. in order to contribute to the achievement of these objectives antifungal activity of natural substances, characterize ...201426080478
production of biocontrol traits by banana field fluorescent pseudomonads and comparison with chemical fungicide.pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from banana field rhizosphere produced different antifungal metabolites like bactriocin, hydrogen cyanide and siderophore. bacteriocinogenic, siderophoregenic, and hcn rich broth of isolate inhibited the growth of phytopathogen like aspergilus niger, aspergilus flavus, fusarium oxysporum and alternaria alternata. the isolate exhibited more antifungal activity and comparatively low mic vis-a-vis commonly used copper based systemic chemical fungicide;bil cop.201425241593
biotechnological production of inducible defense-related proteins in edible radish (raphanus sativus) found in nepal.fungal infection in plant leads to use of many hazardous antifungal chemicals. alternative to these chemicals, defense related antifungal proteins can be used in case of fungal diseases.201424596739
identification and characterization of lim gene family in brassica rapa.lim (lin-11, isl-1 and mec-3 domains) genes have been reported to trigger the formation of actin bundles, a major higher-order cytoskeletal assembly, in higher plants; however, the stress resistance related functions of these genes are still not well known. in this study, we collected 22 lim genes designated as brassica rapa lim (brlim) from the brassica database, analyzed the sequences, compared them with lim genes of other plants and analyzed their expression after applying biotic and abiotic ...201425086651
analysis of root proteome unravels differential molecular responses during compatible and incompatible interaction between chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race1 (foc1).vascular wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 1 (foc1) is a serious disease of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) accounting for approximately 10-15% annual crop loss. the fungus invades the plant via roots, colonizes the xylem vessels and prevents the upward translocation of water and nutrients, finally resulting in wilting of the entire plant. although comparative transcriptomic profiling have highlighted some important signaling molecules, but proteomic studies involving chickpea-f ...201425363865
antimicrobial action of an endophytic fungi from sophor flavescens and structure identification of its active constituent.endophytic fungus bs002 was isolated and characterized from sophora flavescens by plate method, which has broad antimicrobial activity. isolation and trace of a new bioactive compound from the fungus' culture extracts with the method of column chromatography and tlc biological autoradiography was conducted. finally, it was identified as 6,7-(2'e) dibutenyl-5,8-dihydroxy-(z)-cyclooct-2-ene-1,4-dione by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. the compound ...201426019517
antimicrobial and inhibitory enzyme activity of n-(benzyl) and quaternary n-(benzyl) chitosan derivatives on plant pathogens.chemical modification of a biopolymer chitosan by introducing quaternary ammonium moieties into the polymer backbone enhances its antimicrobial activity. in the present study, a series of quaternary n-(benzyl) chitosan derivatives were synthesized and characterized by (1)h-nmr, ft-ir and uv spectroscopic techniques. the antimicrobial activity against crop-threatening bacteria agrobacterium tumefaciens and erwinia carotovora and fungi botrytis cinerea, botryodiplodia theobromae, fusarium oxysporu ...201425037402
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato with rolb gene results in enhancement of fruit quality and foliar resistance against fungal pathogens.tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) is the second most important cultivated crop next to potato, worldwide. tomato serves as an important source of antioxidants in human diet. alternaria solani and fusarium oxysporum cause early blight and vascular wilt of tomato, respectively, resulting in severe crop losses. the foremost objective of the present study was to generate transgenic tomato plants with rolb gene and evaluate its effect on plant morphology, nutritional contents, yield and resistance aga ...201424817272
antifungal activities and chemical composition of some medicinal plants.the use of and search for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists and natural-products scientists are combing the earth for phytochemicals and leads, which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activities of the essential oils of some medicinal plants such as stachys pubescens, thymus kotschyanus, thymus daenensis and bupleurum fa ...201424768063
the fusarium oxysporum effector six6 contributes to virulence and suppresses i-2-mediated cell death.plant pathogens secrete effectors to manipulate their host and facilitate colonization. fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is the causal agent of fusarium wilt disease in tomato. upon infection, f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici secretes numerous small proteins into the xylem sap (six proteins). most six proteins are unique to f. oxysporum, but six6 is an exception; a homolog is also present in two colletotrichum spp. six6 expression was found to require living host cells and a knockout of six6 ...201424313955
structural and functional diversity of rhizobacteria associated with rauwolfia spp. across the western ghat regions of karnataka, india.the present study carried out with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of dna extracted from rhizosphere soils of rauwolfia spp. collected from western ghat (wg) regions of karnataka indicated that pseudomonas sp. was prevalently found followed by methylobacterium sp., bacillus sp. and uncultured bacteria. a total of 200 rhizobacteria were isolated from 58 rhizosphere soil samples comprising of 15 different bacterial genera. the shannon weaver diversity index (h') and simpson's diversity ind ...201423864441
biochemical characterization of fruit-specific pathogenesis-related antifungal protein from basrai banana.pathogenesis-related/thaumatin like (pr-5/tl) antifungal protein from basrai banana was purified by using a simple protocol consisting of ammonium sulphate precipitation, affinity chromatography (affi-gel blue gel), q-sepharose chromatography and gel filtration on sephadex g-75. the purified protein with acidic character (pi 6.67) has molecular weight of 21.155 kda, as determined by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. the purified protein shared n-terminal sequence homology with other tlps. crude banan ...201424192113
purification and identification of a novel antifungal protein secreted by penicillium citrinum from the southwest indian ocean.a novel antifungal protein produced by the fungal strain penicillium citrinum w1, which was isolated from a southwest indian ocean sediment sample, was purified and characterized. the culture supernatant of p. citrinum w1 inhibited the mycelial growth of some plant pathogenic fungi. after saturation of p. citrinum w1 culture supernatants with ammonium sulfate and ion-exchange chromatography, an antifungal protein (pcpaf) was purified. the n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis showed that pcpaf ...201424931500
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