| identification of fungal rdna associated with soil suppressiveness against heterodera schachtii using oligonucleotide fingerprinting. | abstract to understand the nature of a soil with suppressiveness against heterodera schachtii, an rdna analysis was used to identify fungi associated with h. schachtii cysts obtained from soils possessing various levels of suppressiveness. because h. schachtii cysts isolated from these suppressive soils can transfer this beneficial property to nonsuppressive soils, analysis of the microorganisms associated with the cysts should lead to the identification of the causal organisms. five soil treatm ... | 2003 | 18943867 |
| origin of race 3 of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici at a single site in california. | abstract thirty-nine isolates of fusarium oxysporum were collected from tomato plants displaying wilt symptoms in a field in california 2 years after f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 was first observed at that location. these and other isolates of f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were characterized by pathogenicity, race, and vegetative compatibility group (vcg). of the 39 california isolates, 22 were in vcg 0030, 11 in vcg 0031, and six in the newly described vcg 0035. among the isolates i ... | 2003 | 18943868 |
| stepwise evolution of races in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris inferred from fingerprinting with repetitive dna sequences. | abstract plant pathogens often exhibit variation in virulence, the ability to cause disease on host plants with specific resistance, evident from the diversity of races observed within pathogen species. the evolution of races in asexual fungal pathogens has been hypothesized to occur in a stepwise fashion, in which mutations to virulence accumulate sequentially in clonal lineages, resulting in races capable of overcoming multiple host plant resistance genes or multiple resistant cultivars. in th ... | 2004 | 18943970 |
| a dna-based procedure for in planta detection of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. | abstract we have characterized strains of fusarium oxysporum from common bean fields in spain that were nonpathogenic on common bean, as well as f. oxysporum strains (f. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli) pathogenic to common bean by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. we identified a rapd marker (rapd 4.12) specific for the highly virulent pathogenic strains of the seven races of f. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. sequence analysis of rapd 4.12 allowed the design of oligonucleotides that ampli ... | 2002 | 18943994 |
| recovery of fusarium oxysporum fo47 mutants affected in their biocontrol activity after transposition of the fot1 element. | abstract to investigate the biocontrol mechanisms by which the antagonistic fusarium oxysporum strain fo47 is active against fusarium wilt, a fot1 transposon-mediated insertional mutagenesis approach was adopted to generate mutants affected in their antagonistic activity. ninety strains in which an active fot1 copy had transposed were identified with a phenotypic assay for excision and tested for their biocontrol activity against f. oxysporum f. sp. lini on flax in greenhouse experiments. sixtee ... | 2002 | 18944018 |
| weakening and delayed mortality of fusarium oxysporum by heat treatment: flow cytometry and growth studies. | abstract survival of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum following heat treatments was studied using flow cytometric, physiological, and microscopic assays. we exposed germinating conidia to sublethal temperatures from 36 to 42 degrees c for 60 min, followed by rhodamine 123 staining and flow cytometry, and found increasing levels of fluorescence that reflect a change in mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating a weakening induced by stress. viability of conidia or germinating conidia of the fu ... | 2002 | 18944020 |
| cytological analysis of defense-related mechanisms induced in pea root tissues in response to colonization by nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum fo47. | the ability of nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum, strain fo47, to trigger plant defense reactions was investigated using ri t-dna-transformed pea roots. cytological investigations of strain fo47-inoculated roots showed that the fungus grew actively at the root surface and colonized a number of epidermal and cortical cells, inducing marked host cell metabolic changes. in roots inoculated with pathogenic f. oxysporum f. sp. pisi, the pathogen multiplied abundantly through much of the tissues, where ... | 2001 | 18944029 |
| influence of temperature and inoculum density of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris on suppression of fusarium wilt of chickpea by rhizosphere bacteria. | the effects of temperature and inoculum density of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 on suppression of fusarium wilt in chickpea (cicer arietinum) cv. pv 61 by seed and soil treatments with rhizobacteria isolated from the chickpea rhizosphere were studied in a model system. disease development over a range of temperatures (20, 25, and 30 degrees c) and inoculum densities (25 to 1,000 chlamydospores per gram of soil) was described by the gompertz model. the gompertz relative rate of diseas ... | 2001 | 18944039 |
| a near-isogenic fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strain with a novel combination of avirulence characteristics. | abstract a novel fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strain (f1-27) was obtained from protoplast fusions between race 1 fol004 (putative avirulence genotype a1a2a3) and race 2 fol007 (a1a2a3). bioassays using different tomato cultivars revealed new virulence characteristics for f1-27 that were mitotically stable. the corresponding avirulence genotype for f1-27 was assigned a1a2a3. despite their distinction in avirulence genotype, molecular analysis revealed that parent fol007 and f1-27 were ne ... | 2003 | 18944063 |
| evolution of virulence in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum using serial passage assays through susceptible cotton. | fifty strains of fusarium oxysporum, recovered from rhizosphere soil around native gossypium species and found to be mildly virulent on cotton (gossypium hirsutum), were used to assay the propensity for evolution of virulence using serial passage assays through cotton. only one lineage a strain, 2613, successfully completed 10 successive passages, while all others lost the ability to cause foliar disease symptoms at various stages during this process. based on 46 amplified fragment length polymo ... | 2008 | 18944080 |
| use of a nitrate-nonutilizing mutant and selective media to examine population dynamics of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae in soil. | abstract determining the population density of the spinach wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae in soil with conventional fusarium-selective media is quite difficult because nonpathogenic strains of f. oxysporum also grow on those media and are indistinguishable from the pathogen. therefore, a nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutant of the pathogen and corresponding selective media were tested in an experimental approach to determine the population density of the pathogen. colony forming ... | 2003 | 18944103 |
| biological and phylogenetic characterization of fusarium oxysporum complex, which causes yellows on brassica spp., and proposal of f. oxysporum f. sp. rapae, a novel forma specialis pathogenic on b. rapa in japan. | although the causal agent of yellows of brassica rapa (turnip, pak choi, and narinosa) in japan was reported in 1996 to be fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, this classification has remained inconclusive because of a lack of detailed genetic and pathogenic studies. therefore, we analyzed the taxonomic position of this organism using japanese isolates of f. oxysporum complex obtained from diseased individuals of various b. rapa subspecies. phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of the ... | 2008 | 18944198 |
| suppression of the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera schachtii by the fungus dactylella oviparasitica. | this study examined the role of the fungi dactylella oviparasitica and fusarium oxysporum in the beet-cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii) suppressiveness exhibited by a southern californian soil. in prior research, the abundance of d. oviparasitica rrna genes positively correlated with high levels of suppressiveness, whereas the abundance of f. oxysporum rrna genes positively correlated with minimal to moderate levels of suppressiveness. in this report, both fungi were added to fumigation-induc ... | 2006 | 18944211 |
| effects of varying environmental conditions on biological control of fusarium wilt of tomato by nonpathogenic fusarium spp. | abstract the influence of varying environmental and cropping conditions including temperature, light, soil type, pathogen isolate and race, and cultivar of tomato on biological control of fusarium wilt of tomato by isolates of nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum (cs-20 and cs-24) and f. solani (cs-1) was evaluated in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. liquid spore suspensions (10(6)/ml) of the biocontrol isolates were applied to soilless potting mix at the time of tomato seeding, and the se ... | 2002 | 18944240 |
| transgenically enhanced expression of indole-3-acetic acid confers hypervirulence to plant pathogens. | abstract fusarium oxysporum and f. arthrosporioides, pathogenic on orobanche aegyptiaca, were transformed with two genes of the indole-3-acetamide (iam) pathway leading to indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) to attempt to enhance virulence. transgenic f. oxysporum lines containing both the tryptophan-2-monooxyngenase (iaam) and indole-3-acetamide hydrolase (iaah) genes produced significantly more iaa than the wild type. iam accumulated in culture extracts of f. oxysporum containing iaam alone. f. arthros ... | 2002 | 18944254 |
| characterization of a regional population of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum by race, cross pathogenicity, and vegetative compatibility. | abstract eighty-eight isolates of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, collected from wilted watermelon plants and infested soil in maryland and dela-ware, were characterized by cross pathogenicity to muskmelon, race, and vegetative compatibility. four isolates (4.5%) were moderately pathogenic to >/=2 of 18 muskmelon cultivars in a greenhouse test, and one representative isolate also was slightly pathogenic in field microplots. the four isolates all were designated as race 2, and were in vegetativ ... | 2007 | 18943287 |
| biological control efficiency of fusarium wilt of tomato by nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum fo-b2 in different environments. | abstract efficiency of nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum fo-b2 for the biological control of fusarium wilt of tomato, caused by f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici cu1, was examined in different environments: a growth chamber with sterile soil-less medium, a greenhouse with fumigated or nonfumigated soil, and nonfumigated field plots. inoculation of fo-b2 onto tomato roots significantly reduced the severity of disease, but the efficiency of disease suppression decreased as the experimental environmen ... | 2005 | 18943305 |
| evolution of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum races inferred from multigene genealogies. | abstract fusarium wilt of cotton is a serious fungal disease responsible for significant yield losses throughout the world. evolution of the causal organism fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, including the eight races described for this specialized form, was studied using multigene genealogies. partial sequences of translation elongation factor (ef-1alpha), nitrate reductase (nir), phosphate permase (pho), and the mitochondrial small subunit (mtssu) rdna were sequenced in 28 isolates of f. o ... | 2001 | 18943339 |
| infection by meloidogyne artiellia does not break down resistance to races 0, 1a, and 2 of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in chickpea genotypes. | fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, and the root-knot nematode meloidogyne artiellia, coinfect chickpea crops in several countries of the mediterranean basin. the influence of root infection by m. artiellia on the reactions of chickpea genotypes with different reaction to infection with f. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris races 0, 1a, and 2 was investigated under controlled environmental conditions. results demonstrated that co-infection of chickpea genotypes resistant to specific fungal races by m. arti ... | 2008 | 18944296 |
| modeling the survival of two soilborne pathogens under dry structural solarization. | abstract structural (space) solarization of a closed, empty greenhouse for sanitation involves dry heating to 60 degrees c and higher and low relative humidity (rh), under a fluctuating temperature and rh regime. survival of inocula of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and sclerotium rolfsii during structural solarization was studied for 4 years (total of 12 experiments) in an attempt to develop a dynamic model for expressing the thermal inactivation of the pathogens. after 20 days o ... | 2003 | 18944324 |
| biological control of pathogens causing root rot complex in field pea using clonostachys rosea strain acm941. | abstract pea root rot complex (prrc), caused by alternaria alternata, aphanomyces euteiches, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi, f. solani f. sp. pisi, mycosphaerella pinodes, pythium spp., rhizoctonia solani, and sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major yield-limiting factor for field pea production in canada. a strain of clonostachys rosea (syn. gliocladium roseum), acm941 (atcc 74447), was identified as a mycoparasite against these pathogens. when grown near the pathogen, acm941 often was stimulated ... | 2003 | 18944343 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of fusarium oxysporum: an efficient tool for insertional mutagenesis and gene transfer. | abstract agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) has long been used to transfer genes to a wide variety of plants and has also served as an efficient tool for insertional mutagenesis. in this paper, we report the construction of four novel binary vectors for fungal transformation and the optimization of an atmt protocol for insertional mutagenesis, which permits an efficient genetic manipulation of fusarium oxysporum and other phytopathogenic fungi to be achieved. employing the ... | 2001 | 18944391 |
| yield loss in chickpeas in relation to development of fusarium wilt epidemics. | abstract development of 108 epidemics of fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were studied on cvs. p-2245 and pv-61 in field microplots artificially infested with races 0 and 5 of f. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in 1986 to 1989. disease progression data were fitted to the richards model using nonlinear regression. the shape parameter was influenced primarily by date of sowing and, to a lesser extent, by chick-pea cultivars and races of f. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. fu ... | 2000 | 18944431 |
| recovery of mutants impaired in pathogenicity after transposition of impala in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. | abstract the ability of transposon impala to inactivate genes involved in pathogenicity was tested in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. somatic excision of an impala copy inserted in the nitrate reductase-encoding niad gene was positively selected through a phenotypic assay based on the restoration of nitrate reductase activity. independent excision events were analyzed molecularly and shown to carry reinsertedimpala in more than 70% of the cases. mapping of reinserted impala elements on large ... | 2000 | 18944432 |
| panama disease: cell wall reinforcement in banana roots in response to elicitors from fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race four. | abstract the biochemical basis of tolerance in banana to fusarium wilt, caused by the pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race four, was investigated. tissue culture banana plants from tolerant cv. goldfinger and susceptible cv. williams were maintained in a hydroponic system and inoculated with conidial suspensions to evaluate the degree of tolerance to susceptibility between the two clones and to investigate the effectiveness of this technique as a potential tool for early screening for ... | 2000 | 18944483 |
| combined soil treatments and sequence of application in improving the control of soilborne pathogens. | abstract the effects of reduced doses of methyl bromide (mb) or metham sodium, heating, short solarization, and soil microbial activity, alone or in combination, on survival of soilborne fungal pathogens were tested in a controlled-environment system and field plots. sublethal doses of heating or mb delayed germination of sclerotium rolfsii sclerotia. combining mb and heating treatments was more effective than either treatment alone in controlling s. rolfsii and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilic ... | 2000 | 18944494 |
| nep1 protein from fusarium oxysporum enhances biological control of opium poppy by pleospora papaveracea. | abstract the fungus pleospora papaveracea and nep1, a phytotoxic protein from fusarium oxysporum, were evaluated for their biocontrol potential on opium poppy (papaver somniferum). four treatments consisting of a control, p. papaveracea conidia, nep1 (5 mug/ml), and p. papaveracea conidia plus nep1 (5 mug/ml) were used in detached-leaf and whole-plant studies. conidia of p. papaveracea remained viable for 38 days when stored at 20 or 4 degrees c. nep1 was stable in the presence of conidia for 38 ... | 2000 | 18944501 |
| gene genealogies and aflp analyses in the fusarium oxysporum complex identify monophyletic and nonmonophyletic formae speciales causing wilt and rot disease. | abstract the monophyletic origin of host-specific taxa in the plant-pathogenic fusarium oxysporum complex was tested by constructing nuclear and mitochondrial gene genealogies and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based phylogenies for 89 strains representing the known genetic and pathogenic diversity in 8 formae speciales associated with wilt diseases and root and bulb rot. we included strains from clonal lineages of f. oxysporum f. spp. asparagi, dianthi, gladioli, lilii, lini, opu ... | 2000 | 18944511 |
| control of soilborne plant pathogens by incorporating fresh organic amendments followed by tarping. | abstract a new method for the control of soilborne plant pathogens was tested for its efficacy in two field experiments during two years. plots were amended with fresh broccoli or grass (3.4 to 4.0 kg fresh weight m(-2)) or left nonamended, and covered with an airtight plastic cover (0.135 mm thick) or left noncovered. in plots amended with broccoli or grass and covered with plastic sheeting, anaerobic and strongly reducing soil conditions developed quickly, as indicated by rapid depletion of ox ... | 2000 | 18944617 |
| induced resistance by penicillium oxalicum against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici: histological studies of infected and induced tomato stems. | abstract tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) plants of 'lorena' were induced with a conidial suspension (10(7) conidia per ml) of penicillium oxalicum before inoculation with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the wilt pathogen. histological changes occurred in plants under both growth chamber and glasshouse culture conditions and there was a reduction of disease severity. in noninduced plants, the pathogen produced almost a complete loss of cambium (75 to 100% reduction), an increase in the nu ... | 2000 | 18944618 |
| loss of avirulence and reduced pathogenicity of a gamma-irradiated mutant of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. | abstract the tomato fusarium resistance gene i-2 confers resistance to f. oxy-sporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2, which expresses the corresponding aviru-lence gene avri-2. to elucidate the molecular basis of this gene-for-gene interaction, we initiated a search for the avri-2 gene. gamma irradiation mutagenesis, using (137)cs, was performed to generate an avri-2 mutant of f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. to this end, a race 2 isolate was first transformed with a phleomycine resistance gene and a ... | 1999 | 18944636 |
| detection of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi in carnation tissue by pcr amplification of transposon insertions. | abstract strains of the carnation wilt pathogen, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, can be distinguished by dna fingerprint patterns, using the fungal transposable elements fot1 and impala as probes for southern hybridization. the dna fingerprints correspond to three groups of f. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi strains: the first group includes isolates of races 1 and 8; the second group includes isolates of races 2, 5 and 6; and the third group includes isolates of race 4. genomic dnas flanking race-a ... | 1999 | 18944641 |
| microbial antagonism at the root level is involved in the suppression of fusarium wilt by the combination of nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum fo47 and pseudomonas putida wcs358. | abstract two biological control agents, nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum fo47 and pseudomonas putida wcs358, were evaluated for suppression of fusarium wilt of flax grown in nutrient solution and for suppression of the population density and metabolic activity of the causal organism f. oxysporum f. sp. lini strain foln3gus on root surfaces. due to the presence of an introduced gusa reporter gene construct in foln3gus, the pathogen expressed beta-glucuronidase activity that was related to its car ... | 1999 | 18944664 |
| population genetic analysis corroborates dispersal of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici from florida to europe. | abstract fusarium oxysporum isolates from tomato plants displaying crown and root rot symptoms were collected in central and southern florida and analyzed using vegetative compatibility grouping (vcg) and nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) data. vcg 0094 of f. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, previously known only from northwestern europe, was predominant among 387 isolates assessed. in addition, two newly described vcgs (0098 and 0099) were detected at low frequencies. ... | 1999 | 18944673 |
| spatial distribution and temporal development of fusarium crown and root rot of tomato and pathogen dissemination in field soil. | abstract the spatial distribution and temporal development of tomato crown and root rot, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, were studied in naturally infested fields in 1996 and 1997. disease progression fit a logistic model better than a monomolecular one. geostatistical analyses and semivariogram calculations revealed that the disease spreads from infected plants to a distance of 1.1 to 4.4 m during the growing season. by using a chlorate-resistant nitrate nonutilizing (n ... | 1999 | 18944713 |
| ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of the interaction between the mycoparasite pythium oligandrum and soilborne plant pathogens. | abstract the interaction between the oomycete pythium oligandrum and various soilborne oomycete and fungal plant pathogens (p. ultimum, p. aphanidermatum, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, verticillium albo-atrum, rhizoctonia solani, and phytophthora megasperma) was studied by light and electron microscopy in order to assess the relative contribution of mycoparasitism and antibiosis in the antagonistic process. scanning electron microscope investigations of the interaction regions s ... | 1999 | 18944723 |
| rapid detection of the fusarium oxysporum lineage containing the canary island date palm wilt pathogen. | abstract fusarium oxysporum f. sp. canariensis causes fusarium wilt disease on the canary island date palm (phoenix canariensis). to facilitate disease management, a polymerase chain reaction diagnostic method has been developed to rapidly detect the pathogen. a partial genomic library of f. oxysporum f. sp. canariensis isolate 95-913 was used to identify a dna sequence diagnostic for a lineage containing all tested isolates of f. oxysporum f. sp. canariensis. two oligonucleotide primers were de ... | 1999 | 18944754 |
| biological and molecular characterization of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici divides race 1 isolates into separate virulence groups. | abstract a collection of race 1 and race 2 isolates of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was screened for vegetative compatibility and characterized by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis to establish the identity and genetic diversity of the isolates. comparison of rapd profiles revealed two main groups that coincide with vegetative compatibility groups (vcgs). in addition, several single-member vcgs were identified that could not be grouped in one of the two main rapd clusters ... | 1999 | 18944790 |
| genetic diversity of fusarium oxysporum isolates from cucumber: differentiation by pathogenicity, vegetative compatibility, and rapd fingerprinting. | abstract a total of 106 isolates of fusarium oxysporum obtained from diseased cucumber plants showing typical root and stem rot or fusarium wilt symptoms were characterized by pathogenicity, vegetative compatibility, and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). twelve isolates of other formae speciales and races of f. oxysporum from cucurbit hosts, three avirulent isolates of f. oxysporum, and four isolates of fusarium spp. obtained from cucumber were included for comparison. of the 106 isolates ... | 1999 | 18944791 |
| biological control of fusarium wilt of cucumber by chitinolytic bacteria. | abstract two chitinolytic bacterial strains, paenibacillus sp. 300 and streptomyces sp. 385, suppressed fusarium wilt of cucumber (cucumis sativus) caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum in nonsterile, soilless potting medium. a mixture of the two strains in a ratio of 1:1 or 4:1 gave significantly (p < 0.05) better control of the disease than each of the strains used individually or than mixtures in other ratios. several formulations were tested, and a zeolite-based, chitosan-amended f ... | 1999 | 18944809 |
| genetic variation among vegetative compatibility groups of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense analyzed by dna fingerprinting. | abstract genetic variation within a worldwide collection of 208 isolates of fu-sarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, representing physiological races 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the 20 reported vegetative compatibility groups (vcgs), was analyzed using modified dna amplification fingerprinting. also characterized were 133 isolates that did not belong to any of the reported vcgs of f. oxysporum f. sp. cubense including race 3 isolates from a heliconia species and isolates from a symptomatic wild banana species ... | 1998 | 18944830 |
| effect of sowing date, host cultivar, and race of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris on development of fusarium wilt of chickpea. | abstract microplots experiments were carried out at córdoba, southern spain, from 1986 to 1989 to determine the effects of sowing date in the management of fusarium wilt of chickpea as influenced by virulence of the pathogen race and by cultivar susceptibility. a total of 108 epidemics of the disease were described, analyzed, and compared to assess the degree of disease control. the epidemics were characterized by five curve elements: final disease intensity index (dii), standardized area under ... | 1998 | 18944837 |
| pathogenic and genetic variation in the japanese strains of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. | abstract pathogenic variation among 41 japanese strains of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis was analyzed by pathogenicity tests with muskmelon, oriental melon, and oriental pickling melon cultivars. based on pathogenicity to muskmelon cvs. amus and ohi and oriental melon cv. ogon 9, 41 strains were divided into 3 groups that corresponded completely to risser's races 0, 2, and 1,2y. to further characterize pathogenic variation within the forma specialis and races, strains were assayed for pathog ... | 1998 | 18944886 |
| interactions of pratylenchus thornei and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris on chickpea. | abstract fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and the root-lesion nematode pratylenchus thornei coinfect chickpeas in southern spain. the influence of root infection by p. thornei on the reaction of fusarium wilt-susceptible (cps 1 and pv 61) and wilt-resistant (uc 27) chickpea cultivars to f. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 was investigated under controlled and field conditions. severity of fusarium wilt was not modified by coinfection of chickpeas by p. thornei and f. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, in ... | 1998 | 18944890 |
| effect of relative humidity on sporulation of fusarium oxysporum in various formulations and effect of water on spore movement through soil. | abstract fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli is being investigated as a mycoherbicide for the narcotic plant coca. sporulation of the fungus in seven formulations containing different organic substrates and movement of its propagules through soil were studied. the formulations were a granular wheat flour/kaolin (pesta); an extruded wheat and rice flour (c-6); and five alginate pellet products containing corn cobs, soybean hull fiber, canola meal, rice flour, or rice flour plus canola oil. form ... | 1998 | 18944907 |
| dispersal of formulations of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli and f. oxysporum f. sp. melonis by ants. | abstract a natural epidemic of fusarium wilt on coca (erythroxylum coca) in peru prompted the suggestion of possibly using the pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli as a mycoherbicide against this narcotic plant. during field trials conducted in kauai, hi, to test the pathogenicity of the coca wilt pathogen, ants were observed removing formulations from test plots. while removal of formulations by ants was considered detrimental with respect to conducting field tests, ant removal was co ... | 1998 | 18944963 |
| systematic numbering of vegetative compatibility groups in the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum. | | 1998 | 18944995 |
| genetic characterization by rapd analysis of isolates of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli associated with an emerging epidemic in peru. | abstract an epidemic of vascular wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli is currently occurring on erythroxylum coca var. coca in the coca-growing regions of the huallaga valley in peru. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of isolates of the pathogen was undertaken to elucidate its genetic complexity, as well as to identify a specific dna fingerprint for the pathogen. two hundred isolates of fusarium were collected from 10 coca-growing regions in peru. of these, 187 wer ... | 1997 | 18945021 |
| zinc improves biocontrol of fusarium crown and root rot of tomato by pseudomonas fluorescens and represses the production of pathogen metabolites inhibitory to bacterial antibiotic biosynthesis. | abstract crown and root rot of tomato caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is an increasing problem in europe, israel, japan, and north america. the biocontrol agent pseudomonas fluorescens strain cha0 provides only moderate control of this disease. a one-time amendment of zinc edta at 33 mug of zn(2+)/ml to hydroponic nutrient solution in soilless rockwool culture did not reduce disease when used alone, but did reduce disease by 25% in the presence of cha0. in in vitro studie ... | 1997 | 18945026 |
| fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense consists of a small number of divergent and globally distributed clonal lineages. | abstract a worldwide collection of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense was analyzed using anonymous, single-copy, restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) loci. several lines of evidence indicated that this pathogen has a clonal population structure. of the 165 isolates examined, only 72 rflp haplotypes were identified, and nearly half the isolates were represented by the five most common haplotypes. individuals with identical haplotypes were geographically dispersed, and clone-corrected te ... | 1997 | 18945062 |
| populations of nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum associated with roots of four plant species compared to soilborne populations. | abstract the effect of the plant on the diversity of soilborne populations of fusarium oxysporum was assessed after successive cultures of flax, melon, tomato, and wheat in separate samples of the same soil. forty soil-borne isolates of f. oxysporum and forty root-colonizing isolates of each plant species were sampled during the first (t0) and fourth (t1) cultures. the population structures were assessed by a genotypic method based on restriction fragment analysis of polymerase chain reaction-am ... | 1997 | 18945090 |
| sporulation of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on stem surfaces of tomato plants and aerial dissemination of inoculum. | abstract plants exhibiting symptoms of wilt and xylem discoloration typical of fusarium wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were observed in greenhouses of cherry tomatoes at various sites in israel. however, the lower stems of some of these plants were covered with a pink layer of macroconidia of f. oxysporum. this sign resembles the sporulating layer on stems of tomato plants infected with f. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, which causes the crown and root rot disease. mo ... | 1997 | 18945093 |
| genetic diversity in the plant-pathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum. | | 1997 | 18945129 |
| treatment with the mycoparasite pythium oligandrum triggers induction of defense-related reactions in tomato roots when challenged with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. | abstract the influence exerted by the mycoparasite pythium oligandrum in triggering plant defense reactions was investigated using an experimental system in which tomato plants were infected with the crown and root rot pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. to assess the antagonistic potential of p. oligandrum against f. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, the interaction between the two fungi was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (sem and tem, respectiv ... | 1997 | 18945162 |
| inoculum densities of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and meloidogyne incognita in relation to the development of fusarium wilt and the phenology of cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum). | abstract development of fusarium wilt in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) usually requires infections of plants by both meloidogyne incognita and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. in this study, the soil densities of m. incognita and f. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and the incidence of fusarium wilt in three field sites were determined in 1982-1984. multiple regression analysis of percent incidence of fusarium wilt symptoms on population densities of m. incognita and f. oxysporum f. sp. v ... | 1997 | 18945178 |
| antibiotic effect of exogenously applied salicylic acid on in vitro soilborne pathogen, fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum. | salicylic acid, which is biosynthesized inside plant and is often found and accumulated in soil due to plant debris decaying, is considered as a signaling substance during plant-microbe interactions. it is involved in the cycling of biogeochemistry and related to plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. the antibiotic effect of salicylic acid on fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum (fon) was studied to investigate the relationships between the salicylic acid and the fungus in the ecological inte ... | 2008 | 18952255 |
| organophosphorus derivatives containing isatin-3-hydrazones as chemotherapeutants against fungal pathogens of sugarcane. | a total of 20 novel organophosphorus derivatives have been synthesized by the reactions of o,o-diethylchlorophosphate/thiophosphate with isatin-3-(substituted benzoic acid/phenoxy acetic acid hydrazones). the derivatives have been characterized on the basis of analysis and spectral (ir and (1)h and (13)c nmr) data. fungicidal activities of the derivatives against colletotrichum falcatum , fusarium oxysporum , and curvularia pallescence have been evaluated. the screening results have been correla ... | 2008 | 18954075 |
| genome-wide analysis of the fusarium oxysporum mimp family of mites and mobilization of both native and de novo created mimps. | we have performed a genome-wide analysis of the mimp family of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements, taking advantage of the recent release of the f. oxysporum genome sequence. using different approaches, we detected 103 mimp elements, corresponding to 75 nonredundant copies, half of which are located on a single small chromosome. phylogenetic analysis identified at least six subfamilies, all remarkably homogeneous in size and sequence. based on high sequence identity in the terminal ... | 2008 | 18982380 |
| strain of fusarium oxysporum isolated from almond hulls produces styrene and 7-methyl-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene as the principal volatile components. | an isolated strain of fusarium oxysporum from the hulls of prunus dulcis (sweet almond) was found to produce relatively large quantities of the hydrocarbons styrene and two isomers of 7-methyl-1,3,5- cyclooctatriene (mcot). production of styrene and mcot was reproduced on a small scale using potato dextrose agar as a growth medium and scaled up using 1 l of inoculated potato dextrose broth. the compounds were trapped as volatile organic compounds (vocs) onto solid-phase microextraction (spme) fo ... | 2008 | 18998704 |
| isotopologue fractionation during n(2)o production by fungal denitrification. | identifying the importance of fungi to nitrous oxide (n2o) production requires a non-intrusive method for differentiating between fungal and bacterial n2o production such as natural abundance stable isotopes. we compare the isotopologue composition of n2o produced during nitrite reduction by the fungal denitrifiers fusarium oxysporum and cylindrocarpon tonkinense with published data for n2o production during bacterial nitrification and denitrification. the fractionation factors for bulk nitrogen ... | 2008 | 19016253 |
| structure of locusta migratoria protease inhibitor 3 (lmpi-3) in complex with fusarium oxysporum trypsin. | previous studies have shown that the trypsin inhibitors lmpi-1, lmpi-3 and sgti from locusts display an unusual species selectivity. they inhibit locust, crayfish and fungal trypsins several orders of magnitude more efficiently than bovine trypsin. in contrast, the chymotrypsin inhibitors from the same family, lmpi-2 and sgci, are active towards mammalian enzymes. the crystal structures of a variant of lmpi-1 and of lmpi-2 in complex with bovine chymotrypsin have revealed subtle structural diffe ... | 2008 | 19020355 |
| cloning and heterologous expression of ss10, a subtilisin-like protease displaying antifungal activity from trichoderma harzianum. | trichoderma harzianum parasitizes a large variety of phytopathogenic fungi. trichoderma harzianum mycoparasitic activity depends on the secretion of complex mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the host cell wall. a gene (ss10) encoding a subtilisin-like protease was cloned from t. harzianum t88, a biocontrol agent effective against soil-borne fungal pathogens. the full-length cdna was isolated by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of the cdna ends. the coding region of the gene is 1302 bp ... | 2009 | 19025577 |
| characterization of polyvalent and safe bacillus thuringiensis strains with potential use for biocontrol. | sixteen bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains were screened for their anti-insect, antibacterial and antifungal determinants by phenotypic tests and pcr targeting major insecticidal proteins and complements, chitinases, lactonases, beta-1,3-glucanases and zwittermicina. six strains had genes of at least two major insecticidal toxins and of insecticidal complements. with regard to fungal biocontrol, all the strains inhibited fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus flavus growth and four strains had all ... | 2009 | 19025870 |
| integration of new caps and dcaps-rga markers into a composite chickpea genetic map and their association with disease resistance. | a composite linkage map was constructed based on two interspecific recombinant inbred line populations derived from crosses between cicer arietinum (ilc72 and iccl81001) and cicer reticulatum (cr5-10 or cr5-9). these mapping populations segregate for resistance to ascochyta blight (caused by ascochyta rabiei), fusarium wilt (caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris) and rust (caused by uromyces ciceris-arietini). the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ten resistance gene analogs ( ... | 2009 | 19034411 |
| bactericidal and fungicidal activities of calia secundiflora (ort.) yakovlev. | calia secundiflora (ortega) yakovlev (fabaceae) is considered a medicinal plant in mexico but has scarcely been used because of the toxicity of its quinolizidine alkaloids. several quinolizidine alkaloids have shown bactericidal, nematicidal, and fungicidal activities. the purpose of this study was to identify the alkaloids in the seeds and evaluate the activity of the organic extract on several phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. an in vitro bioassay was conducted with species of the following ... | 2008 | 19040102 |
| effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro biological control of fusarium oxysporum by trichoderma harzianum (t8). | in this study the effect of two plant growth regulators (indolacetic acid, iaa and gibberellic acid, ga3) and also trichoderma harzianum (t8) on the phytopathogen fungus fusarium oxysporium (f15) was investigated. iaa and ga3 with 15 and 30 ppm concentration have no significant effect on t. harzianum (t8) growth. the biocontrol activity of t. harzianum on f. oxysporum was slightly decreased by the presence of iaa and/or ga3. addition of 40 ppm of ga3 to the culture medium of f. oxsporum increase ... | 2007 | 19090187 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of volatiles from three opuntia species growing in tunisia. | the chemical composition of the volatiles isolated by steam distillation from leaves, flowers and fruits of opuntia lindheimeri var. linguiformis l. benson, leaves and flowers of opuntia macrorhiza engelm and leaves of opuntia microdasys (lehmann) gathered in the sea cliff of monastir town (tunisia), has been studied by gc and gc-ms. remarkable differences were noted between the composition and the constituent percentage of the different studied organs. the most important compounds found in leav ... | 2007 | 19070119 |
| heterotrimeric g proteins-mediated resistance to necrotrophic pathogens includes mechanisms independent of salicylic acid-, jasmonic acid/ethylene- and abscisic acid-mediated defense signaling. | summary heterotrimeric g proteins are involved in the defense response against necrotrophic fungi in arabidopsis. in order to elucidate the resistance mechanisms involving heterotrimeric g proteins we analyzed the effects of the gbeta ( subunit deficiency in the mutant agb1-2 on pathogenesis-related gene expression as well as the genetic interaction between agb1-2 and a number of mutants of established defense pathways. gbeta (-mediated signaling suppresses the induction of salicylic acid (sa)-, ... | 2008 | 19054360 |
| structure and microbial synthesis of sub-10 nm bi2o3 nanocrystals. | after the advent of novel chemical and microbial techniques, providing control over grain size and shape of the nanomaterials, several binary-oxide materials have been explored in size less than 10 nm for their tunable physical properties. bi2o3 nanoparticles have also redrawn attention due to their excellent properties, mostly as optoelectronic material. here, we report the room-temperature biosynthesis of bi2o3 nanoparticles in a size range of 5-8 nm by extra-cellularly challenging the plant p ... | 2008 | 19049149 |
| mycofumigation with oxyporus latemarginatus ef069 for control of postharvest apple decay and rhizoctonia root rot on moth orchid. | to characterize the volatile antifungal compound produced by oxyporus latemarginatus ef069 and to examine in vitro and in vivo fumigation activity of the fungus. | 2009 | 19120615 |
| rna silencing is required for arabidopsis defence against verticillium wilt disease. | rna silencing is a conserved mechanism in eukaryotes that plays an important role in various biological processes including regulation of gene expression. rna silencing also plays a role in genome stability and protects plants against invading nucleic acids such as transgenes and viruses. recently, rna silencing has been found to play a role in defence against bacterial plant pathogens in arabidopsis through modulating host defence responses. in this study, it is shown that gene silencing plays ... | 2009 | 19098131 |
| the role of crustins in litopenaeus vannamei in response to infection with shrimp pathogens: an in vivo approach. | crustin antimicrobial peptides, identified in crustaceans, are hypothesized to have both antimicrobial and protease inhibitor activity based on their primary structure and in vitro assays. in this study, a reverse genetic approach was utilized to test the hypothesis that crustins are antimicrobial in vivo in response to bacterial and fungal challenge. injection of double-stranded rna specific to a 120-bp region of lvabp1, one of the most prominent crustin isoforms, yielded a significant reductio ... | 2009 | 19100764 |
| identification of fungal species by fragment length analysis of the internally transcribed spacer 2 region. | the rapid identification of fungal pathogens in clinical specimens is a prerequisite for timely onset of the most appropriate treatment. the aim of the present study was to develop a sensitive and rapid method for the species-specific identification of clinically relevant fungi. we employed fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-fragment length analysis of the highly variable internally transcribed spacer 2 (its2) region to identify individual fungal species by their specific amplicon sizes ... | 2009 | 19104852 |
| insight into the molecular requirements for pathogenicity of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici through large-scale insertional mutagenesis. | fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is the causal agent of vascular wilt disease in tomato. in order to gain more insight into the molecular processes in f. oxysporum necessary for pathogenesis and to uncover the genes involved, we used agrobacterium-mediated insertional mutagenesis to generate 10,290 transformants and screened the transformants for loss or reduction of pathogenicity. | 2009 | 19134172 |
| coordination modes of a schiff base pentadentate derivative of 4-aminoantipyrine with cobalt(ii), nickel(ii) and copper(ii) metal ions: synthesis, spectroscopic and antimicrobial studies. | transition metal complexes of co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) metal ions with general stoichiometry [m(l)x]x and [m(l)so(4)], where m = co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii), l = 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid bis(4-amino-5-ethylimino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazoline) and x = no(3)(-), cl(-) and oac(-), have been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements and spectral techniques like ir, uv and epr. the nickel(ii) complexes w ... | 2009 | 19127246 |
| resistance in pepper plants induced by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici involves different defence-related genes. | inoculation with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) protects pepper plants from subsequent infection with phytophthora capsici. in the present paper, the level of local and systemic protection achieved by plants induced with fol was evaluated by quantifying the pathogen biomass and using real-time pcr. differences in the amount of pathogen were found in stems and roots between fol-treated and untreated plants, while pathogen biomass could not be detected in leaves of induced plants. fiv ... | 2009 | 19121115 |
| response to hypoxia, reduction of electron acceptors, and subsequent survival by filamentous fungi. | filamentous fungi usually inhabit normoxic environments by utilizing oxygen as a substrate for respiration and for the biosynthesis of some essential cellular components. this review examines the metabolic mechanisms used by filamentous fungi under oxygen-limited (hypoxic) conditions. denitrification is one mechanism through which fusarium oxysporum and other fungi reduce nitrate or nitrite to nitrous oxide, generating nitric oxide as a reaction intermediate. the involvement of cytochrome p450no ... | 2009 | 19129650 |
| [cloning of a homologous gene of magnaporthe grisea pmk1 type mapk from ustilaginoidea virens and functional identification by complement in magnaporthe grisea corresponding mutant]. | cloning of a homologous gene of pmk1 type mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) from the rice false smut fungus ustilaginoidea virens. | 2008 | 19149162 |
| pomegranin, an antifungal peptide from pomegranate peels. | a new antifungal peptide designated as pomegranin, with an n-terminal sequence resembling that of rice disease resistance nb-s-lrr-like protein, was isolated from fresh pomegranate peels by ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on superdex 75. pomegranin was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose but adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel. it exhibited a molecular mass of 11 kda in both gel filtration an ... | 2009 | 19149678 |
| interactions between triazoles and amphotericin b in treatment of disseminated murine infection by fusarium oxysporum. | we have evaluated and compared the efficacies of high doses of amphotericin b (amb; 3 mg/kg of body weight/day), voriconazole (60 mg/kg), and posaconazole (psc; 100 mg/kg) alone and combined in a murine model of disseminated infection by fusarium oxysporum. the combination of amb with psc showed the best results, prolonging the survival of mice and reducing their organ fungal loads. this combination might constitute a therapeutic option for those infections where monotherapies fail. | 2009 | 19188382 |
| identification of virulence genes in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by large-scale transposon tagging. | forward genetic screens are efficient tools for the dissection of complex biological processes, such as fungal pathogenicity. a transposon tagging system was developed in the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by inserting the novel modified impala element imp160::gfp upstream of the aspergillus nidulans niad gene, followed by transactivation with a constitutively expressed transposase. a collection of 2072 nia(+) revertants was obtained from reporter strain t12 and scree ... | 2009 | 19161356 |
| antimicrobial activity of some macrophytes from lake manzalah (egypt). | the antimicrobial activities of aqueous and organic solvents (chloroform, ethanol and methanol) extracts of four plants ceratophyllum demersum l., eichhornia crassipes, potamogeton crispus and potamogeton pectinatus were tested in vitro against seventeen different microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi. nine of these identified organisms were obtained from different sources, bacillus subtilis 1020, bacillus cereus 1080, staphylococcus aureus, erwinia carotovo ... | 2008 | 19205264 |
| differential elicitation of proteases and protease inhibitors in two different genotypes of chickpea (cicer arietinum) by salicylic acid and spermine. | elicitation of proteases and protease inhibitors (pis) by salicylic acid (sa) and spermine (spm) was investigated in roots and shoots of two different genotypes of chickpea cultivars iccv10 and l550, which were resistant and susceptible to wilt disease, respectively. sa and spm were found to suppress the elicitation of proteases in the resistant cv, whereas they induce it in susceptible cv. elicitation of new trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors was observed in the roots and shoots of resistant c ... | 2009 | 19201507 |
| brassiparin, an antifungal peptide from brassica parachinensis seeds. | to isolate and characterize an antifungal peptide from the seeds of brassica parachinensis l.h.bailey. | 2009 | 19200321 |
| scanning electron microscopy applied to seed-borne fungi examination. | the aim of this study was to test the standard scanning electron microscopy (sem) as a potential alternative to study seed-borne fungi in seeds, by two different conditions of blotter test and water restriction treatment. in the blotter test, seeds were subjected to conditions that enabled pathogen growth and expression, whereas the water restriction method consisted in preventing seed germination during the incubation period, resulting in the artificial inoculation of fungi. in the first condit ... | 2009 | 19204924 |
| phenol degradation by fusarium oxysporum gj4 is affected by toxic catalytic polymerization mediated by copper oxide. | a phenol-degrading fungus, fusarium oxysporum gj4, was isolated from contaminated soil and was able to use phenol as a sole carbon and energy source. catechol was detected during phenol degradation and this was polymerized by cu(2)o added to the medium. f. oxysporum gj4 was unable to degrade phenol at concentrations greater than 2mm when cu(2)o was present in the liquid growth medium. catechol polymerization and deposition on the fungal surface was thought to be the main reason for the cessation ... | 2009 | 19211129 |
| attempts to control fusarium root rot of bean by seed dressing. | in summer 2006, a root rot caused by fusarium oxysporum was observed in commercial farms on common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) on the cv billò and borlotto. a study was undertaken in order to evaluate the efficacy of different biological control agents applied as seed dressing. in the presence of a medium-high disease incidence, among the biocontrol agents tested, trichoderma harzianum t 22, bacillus subtilis qst 713, followed by pseudomonas chlororaphis, provided generally the best control. their ... | 2008 | 19226744 |
| selection of potential antagonists against asparagus crown and root rot caused by fusarium spp. | crown and root rot is one of the most important diseases of asparagus crop worldwide. fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi and f. proliferatum are the two species more frequently associated to this complex and their prevalence depends on the production area. the control of the disease on asparagus crop is difficult to achieve because its perennial condition and the long survival of the pathogen in the soil as chlamydospores or as mycelium in infected plant debris. furthermore, fusarium spp. are eas ... | 2008 | 19226757 |
| biological control of orobanche aegyptiaca by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. orobanchein northwest iran. | broomrape (orobanche aegyptiaca) is one of the most serious weed pathogen on many plants all over the world, especially in northwest iran. it causes damage on some plants particularly on tomato, cucumber and other dicotyledonous crops in zanjan province. broomrape as weed, caused reductions in crop yield, adversely affected crop quality, and resulted in loss of cultivated land due to reduced crop alternatives. since there were no any chemical methods and other proper technique to control this pl ... | 2008 | 19226845 |
| production of an arabidopsis halleri foliar defensin in escherichia coli. | production of the recombinant arabidopsis halleri defensin ahpdf1.1 in a native-like form. | 2009 | 19226399 |
| fusarium oxysporum hijacks coi1-mediated jasmonate signaling to promote disease development in arabidopsis. | although defense responses mediated by the plant oxylipin jasmonic acid (ja) are often necessary for resistance against pathogens with necrotrophic lifestyles, in this report we demonstrate that jasmonate signaling mediated through coi1 in arabidopsis thaliana is responsible for susceptibility to wilt disease caused by the root-infecting fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum. despite compromised ja-dependent defense responses, the ja perception mutant coronatine insensitive 1 (coi1), but not ja bio ... | 2009 | 19220788 |
| effects of calcium cyanamide on soil microbial communities and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumberinum. | calcium cyanamide (cacn(2)) has been one of the potential candidates as soil disinfectant since the restriction of methyl bromide in soil fumigation due to its ecological risk. however, little information is available on effects of cacn(2) on soil microbial community. in this study, the soil microbial communities and the fate of pathogen fusarium oxysporum (schlechtend, fr) f. sp. cucumberinum (owen) snyder and hansen (f.o. f. sp. cucumberinum) in response to cacn(2) treatment was evaluated. f.o ... | 2009 | 19230952 |
| enhanced ethanol production from brewer's spent grain by a fusarium oxysporum consolidated system. | brewer's spent grain (bg), a by-product of the brewing process, is attracting increasing scientific interest as a low-cost feedstock for many biotechnological applications. bg in the present study is evaluated as a substrate for lignocellulolytic enzyme production and for the production of ethanol by the mesophilic fungus fusarium oxysporum under submerged conditions, implementing a consolidated bioconversion process. fermentation experiments were performed with sugar mixtures simulating the car ... | 2009 | 19208239 |
| changes in the redox status of chickpea roots in response to infection by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris: apoplastic antioxidant enzyme activities and expression of oxidative stress-related genes. | activity levels of oxidative stress-related enzymes in the root apoplast during the interaction of wr315 (resistant) and jg62 (susceptible) chickpeas (cicer arietinum l.) with the highly virulent race 5 of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were compared. because this fungus develops asymptomatic infections in the chickpea root cortex in both susceptible and resistant plants, but only intrudes into the root xylem in the susceptible variety, the interactions were compared at three specific stages ... | 2009 | 19228326 |
| the effector protein avr2 of the xylem-colonizing fungus fusarium oxysporum activates the tomato resistance protein i-2 intracellularly. | to promote host colonization, many plant pathogens secrete effector proteins that either suppress or counteract host defences. however, when these effectors are recognized by the host's innate immune system, they trigger resistance rather than promoting virulence. effectors are therefore key molecules in determining disease susceptibility or resistance. we show here that avr2, secreted by the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol), shows both activities: it is required ... | 2009 | 19228334 |
| ecological fitness of the biocontrol agent fusarium oxysporum fo47 in soil and its impact on the soil microbial communities. | some nonpathogenic strains of fusarium oxysporum can control fusarium diseases responsible for severe damages in many crops. success of biological control provided by protective strains requires their establishment in the soil. the strain fo47 has proved its efficacy under experimental conditions, but its ecological fitness has not been carefully studied. in a series of microcosm studies, the ability of a benomyl-resistant mutant fo47b10 to establish in two different soils was demonstrated. one ... | 2009 | 19243437 |
| isolation of a new fungi and wound-induced chitinase class in corms of crocus sativus. | in plants, various chitinases have been identified and categorized into several groups based on the analysis of their sequences and domains. we have isolated safchia, a novel class of chitinase from saffron (crocus sativus l.). the cdna encoding safchia is mainly expressed in roots and corms, and its expression is induced by elicitor treatment, methyl jasmonate, wounding, and by the fungi fusarium oxysporum, beauveria and phoma sp., suggesting a defence role of the protein. furthermore, in vitro ... | 2009 | 19246207 |
| apoptosis induced by enniatins h and mk1688 isolated from fusarium oxysporum fb1501. | enniatins are cyclic peptides isolated from bacteria, fungi, and plants, with numerous biological effects on animal systems. recently, we have reported that certain enniatins (ens), such as en h and en mk1688, have cytotoxic effects on several adenocarcinoma cell lines. in an effort to understand the mechanism behind their cytotoxicity, we investigated whether ens can induce apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cells (hct-15 cells). treatment with the ens h and mk1688 resulted in an alteratio ... | 2009 | 19248798 |
| effect of endophytic fusarium oxysporum on host preference of radopholus similis to tissue culture banana plants. | the burrowing nematode radopholus similis is one of the major constraints to banana (musa spp.) production worldwide. resource-poor farmers can potentially manage r. similis by using naturally occurring banana endophytes, such as nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum, that are inoculated into tissue culture banana plantlets. at present, it is unclear at what stage in the r. similis infection process the endophytes are most effective. in this study, the effect of three endophytic f. oxysporum isolates ... | 2006 | 19259463 |
| plantago lanceolata and plantago rugelii extracts are toxic to meloidogyne incognita but not to certain microbes. | extracts from the plants plantago lanceolata and p. rugelii were evaluated for toxicity to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, the beneficial microbes enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas fluorescens and trichoderma virens, and the plant-pathogenic fungi fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli, phytophthora capsici, pythium ultimum, and rhizoctonia solani. wild plants were collected, roots were excised from shoots, and the plant parts were dried and ground to a powder. one set of extracts (10% ... | 2006 | 19259537 |