Publications

comparative kinetic study of lipases a and b from candida rugosa in the hydrolysis of lipid p-nitrophenyl esters in mixed micelles with triton x-100.	(1) lipases a and b from candida rugosa catalyzing the hydrolysis of esters in micellar media have been characterized kinetically by studies on substrate specificity, rate equation forms and modeling of enzyme mechanisms. (2) the study on specificity revealed that both lipases are non-specific esterases with similar activity against lipid p-nitrophenyl esters micellized with triton x-100. the slight difference was that lipase a has its maximum activity centered in the caprylate while that of lip ...	1995	7827103
influence of the hydrophobicity of lipase isoenzymes from candida rugosa on its hydrolytic activity in reverse micelles.	two isoenzymes of candida rugosa lipase, having the same mol.wt., size and similar aminoacid sequence, were studied in reverse micelles of aot. the results demonstrated the relevance of lipase hydrophobicity in reactions in anionic micelles. this is a key factor in mitigating the inhibition effect of charged micelles. the more hydrophobic isolipase a was a better biocatalyst for hydrolytic processes in these systems. its alpha-helix content increased from 31% to 49% of the total structure in rev ...	1995	7875331
two conformational states of candida rugosa lipase.	the structure of candida rugosa lipase in a new crystal form has been determined and refined at 2.1 a resolution. the lipase molecule was found in an inactive conformation, with the active site shielded from the solvent by a part of the polypeptide chain-the flap. comparison of this structure with the previously determined "open" form of this lipase, in which the active site is accessible to the solvent and presumably the substrate, shows that the transition between these 2 states requires only ...	1994	8142901
pancreatic carboxylester lipase from atlantic salmon (salmo salar). cdna sequence and computer-assisted modelling of tertiary structure.	we report the isolation and characterization of a 1795-bp cdna fragment encoding atlantic salmon pancreatic carboxylester lipase from salmon pancreas mrna. the nearly full-length cdna contained a 540-amino-acid open-reading frame, encompassing the mature protein (by similarity to mammalian carboxylester lipase enzymes). the salmon carboxylester lipase primary structure shared 58% identity with mammalian carboxylester lipases, lacking the proline-rich c-terminal repeats found in human and rat car ...	1994	8001575
variability within the candida rugosa lipases family.	several fungi secrete lipase isozymes differing in biochemical properties and in some cases in substrate specificity. in the yeast candida rugosa, a family of related genes encodes for multiple lipase proteins, highly homologous in sequence but partially different in the regions interacting with the substrate molecule. analysis of these substitutions performed on the basis of multiple alignments and using a 3-d model of the enzyme, allows identification of a restricted number of amino acids poss ...	1994	8029208
comparison of updated vitek yeast biochemical card and api 20c yeast identification systems.	the updated vitek yeast biochemical card (ybc) was compared with the api 20c by using 409 germ tube-negative yeasts and geotrichum spp. that were either clinical or proficiency sample isolates. the api 20c was the reference standard. the 409 isolates represented nine genera and 21 species. morphology agars were inoculated and interpreted for each isolate. the api 20c identified 406 isolates (99.3%), while the vitek ybc identified 367 (89.7%). both systems identified the majority of yeasts after ...	1994	8051243
immobilization of hydrophobic lipase derivatives on to organic polymer beads.	a simple and effective method of lipase immobilization is described. lipase from candida rugosa was first modified with several hydrophobic modifiers before being adsorbed on to organic polymer beads. the soluble hydrophobic lipase derivatives adsorbed more strongly on to the various polymers as compared with the native lipase. the optimal adsorption temperature of the native and modified lipases on all the polymers was 40 degrees c. the optimal ph of adsorption was between 6 and 7. lipase immob ...	1994	7764496
computer modeling of substrate binding to lipases from rhizomucor miehei, humicola lanuginosa, and candida rugosa.	the substrate-binding sites of the triacyl glyceride lipases from rhizomucor miehei, humicola lanuginosa, and candida rugosa were studied by means of computer modeling methods. the space around the active site was mapped by different probes. these calculations suggested 2 separate regions within the binding site. one region showed high affinity for aliphatic groups, whereas the other region was hydrophilic. the aliphatic site should be a binding cavity for fatty acid chains. water molecules are ...	1994	7833809
analogs of reaction intermediates identify a unique substrate binding site in candida rugosa lipase.	the structures of candida rugosa lipase-inhibitor complexes demonstrate that the scissile fatty acyl chain is bound in a narrow, hydrophobic tunnel which is unique among lipases studied to date. modeling of triglyceride binding suggests that the bound lipid must adopt a "tuning fork" conformation. the complexes, analogs of tetrahedral intermediates of the acylation and deacylation steps of the reaction pathway, localize the components of the oxyanion hole and define the stereochemistry of ester ...	1994	8142346
mycotic and algal bovine mastitis in denmark.	a one-year examination of mammary secretions (n = 2,896) from danish cattle with clinical or subclinical mastitis revealed 45 strains of fungi and algae. the strains originated from 44 mammary secretions of 42 cows in 40 herds. the following species of fungi were identified: candida catenulata (n = 2), candida kefyr (n = 6), candida krusei (n = 17), candida rugosa (n = 6), candida tropicalis (n = 3), candida valida (n = 1), geotrichum capitatum (n = 5). the algal species prototheca zopfii was de ...	1994	8068305
fungemia and colonization with nystatin-resistant candida rugosa in a burn unit.	yeast isolates from burned patients were analyzed retrospectively for a 7-year period (1984-1991). topical nystatin was used routinely in the burn wound dressing as antifungal therapy beginning in july 1986. nystatin used was associated with a significant decrease in overall yeast acquisitions in burn wounds; yeasts were isolated from 15.5% of admitted patients before the use of nystatin vs. 10.5% with use of nystatin (odds ratio [or] = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [ci], 0.48-0.86). new acquisi ...	1994	8054438
relationship between water activity and catalytic activity of lipases in organic media. effects of supports, loading and enzyme preparation.	the rates of synthesis of dodecyl decanoate in hexane have been measured as a function of water activity (aw), for various immobilised preparations of the lipases from rhizomucor miehei and candida rugosa. only very large changes in the amount of enzyme adsorbed to the support affect the shape of the rate/aw profile; at the highest loadings the profiles tend to become somewhat flatter. a similar levelling can be obtained by pre-adsorbing an inert protein. the effect is probably due to adjacent p ...	1994	8020484
contribution to the study of the alteration of lipase activity of candida rugosa by ions and buffers.	a semipurified c. rugosa lipase (ls) has been prepared from commercial lipase (lc) using an economical procedure. the presence of sugars and glycopeptides has been detected in ls and lc. pure lipase only has covalently bonded sugars. the hydrolysis of olive oil catalyzed by ls and commercial lipase (lc) is sensitive to the presence of cations na(i), mg(ii), ca(ii), and ba(ii) and to the nature of buffer. highest enzyme activity is obtained with 0.1m tris/hcl buffers and the combination of nacl 0 ...	1994	8198404
surfactant-induced breakthrough effects during the operation of two-phase biocatalytic membrane reactors.	surface-active components, both reactants and products, are frequently encountered in two-phase, aqueous-organic, biocatalytic reactions, when such reaction are carried out in a membrane reactor, employing a membrane selectively wetted by one of the two reactants, changes in the content of these surfactants--as a consequence of the progress of the reaction--can lead to wetting transitions at the two membrane-liquid interfaces as a result of adsorption of the tenside. this can lead to a decrease ...	1994	18618837
modeling lipolysis in a reversed micellar system: part i. conventional batch reactor.	triglyceride hydrolysis using chromobacterium viscosum lipase b in a reversed micellar media was investigated in a batch-type reactor. the dynamic evolution of the product concentration was analyzed using several mechanistic models, both from the literature and developed in this work. a kinetic model with nonlinear product inhibition was found to be the most adequate for the description of batch hydrolysis data over an extensive range of time and substrate concentration. the obtained rate equati ...	1993	18613109
lipase immobilized on hydrophobic porous polymer supports prepared by concentrated emulsion polymerization and their activity in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerides.	microporous polymer supports for the immobilization of lipase have been prepared by the polymerization of a concentrated emulsion precursor. the concentrated emulsion consists of a mixture of styrene and divinyl-benzene containing a suitable surfactant and an initiator as the continuous phase and water as the dispersed phase. the volume fraction of the latter phase was greater than 0.74, which is the volume fraction of the dispersed phase for the most compact arrangement of spheres of equal radi ...	1993	18613129
influence of the reaction medium on enzyme activity in bio-organic synthesis: behaviour of lipase from candida rugosa in the presence of polar additives.	lipase from candida rugosa immobilized on celite was employed as the biocatalyst in order to examine the effect of the reaction medium upon enzymic activity and selectivity. as the model reaction, transesterification between tributyrin and pentan-2-ol in iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) was chosen. a small amount of water (0.05%, v/v) was added to the reaction medium. enhanced transesterification yields and increased selectivity of the lipase could be obtained by manipulating the microenviron ...	1993	8484905
preparation of porous polyurethane particles and their use in enzyme immobilization.	porous polyurethane particles were prepared as follows: (1) two low molecular weight polymers, namely, poly[methylene(polyphenyl isocyanate)] and poly(propylene glycol) were mixed with stirring at room temperature and allowed to react. (2) the reacted mixture was dispersed with stirring in mineral oil containing small amounts of water, the catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate, and caco3 powder. in the presence of the catalyst, the reaction between the two polymers proceeded to completion. small particl ...	1993	7764355
spectroscopic and kinetic studies of lipases solubilized in reverse micelles.	the conformation and activity of three different lipases have been studied in reverse micelles formed by sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (aot) in isooctane. in the case of human pancreatic lipase, the conformation of the polypeptide chain--as judged from far-uv circular dichroism measurements--is only slightly altered after the enzyme is transferred from a bulk aqueous solution into the microenvironment of reverse micelles. significant spectral changes in the near-uv circular dichroism a ...	1993	7682440
immobilization of candida rugosa lipase and some properties of the immobilized enzyme.	lipase (triacylglycerol ester hydrolase, e.c.3.1.1.3) from candida rugosa has been immobilized on commercially available microporous polypropylene. the enzyme was rapidly adsorbed on the support, and more than 60% of the soluble activity disappeared from the medium after 1 min of incubation at room temperature. a recovery of immobilized activity of 21% was obtained when the wet preparation was immediately assayed with olive oil at the end of the immobilization protocol. the activity of the immob ...	1993	7763462
candida rugosa central venous catheter infection in a child.		1993	8265293
enantioselective lipase-catalyzed ester hydrolysis: effects on rates and enantioselectivity from a variation of the ester structure.	in order to make a preliminary study of substituent effects on the rate and enantioselectivity obtained in esterolytic reactions catalyzed by a lipase from candida rugosa, a series of racemic esters, derived from some alpha-alkyl and alpha-halo phenylacetic acids, were prepared. the reactions were studied at ph 6.0 and 50 degrees c under which conditions uncatalyzed hydrolysis was relatively slow. reaction samples were studied at different points of time by means of analytical chiral reversed-ph ...	1993	8338725
insights into interfacial activation from an open structure of candida rugosa lipase.	the structure of the candida rugosa lipase determined at 2.06-a resolution reveals a conformation with a solvent-accessible active site. comparison with the crystal structure of the homologous lipase from geotrichum candidum, in which the active site is covered by surface loops and is inaccessible from the solvent, shows that the largest structural differences occur in the vicinity of the active site. three loops in this region differ significantly in conformation, and the interfacial activation ...	1993	8509417
lipases from different sources vary widely in dependence of catalytic activity on water activity.	we have measured the rates of esterification in hexane catalysed by suspended immobilised lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, ec 3.1.1.3), with pre-equilibration to known thermodynamic water activity (a(w)). there were important differences between the enzymes from five different microbes in their retention of activity at low a(w). that from rhizomucor miehei showed over 40% maximal activity at an a(w) of 0.12, and that from rhizopus niveus was also fairly active at low a(w). lipases from ot ...	1992	1643087
continuous hydrolysis of olive oil by immobilized lipase in organic solvent.	lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) from candida rugosa was immobilized with deae-sephadex a50, sephadex g50, sephadex lh-20, amberlite ira94, and amberlite xad-7. the enzyme immobilized with deae-sephadex a50 was found to be most effective for continuous hydrolysis of olive oil in isooctane. for the continuous reaction, 0.2 g of dry immobilized enzyme was swollen with predetermined amount of water, and packed in a glass column reactor. when the organic solvent (isooctane) containing olive oil substrate was co- ...	1992	18601176
kinetics, mechanism, and time course analysis of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of high concentration olive oil in aot-isooctane reversed micelles.	candida rugosa lipase has been used to investigate the hydrolysis of high concentration olive oil in the aot-isooctane reversed micellar system at w(o) = 10, ph 7.1, and 37 degrees c. results from this work show the hydrolytic reaction obeys michaelis-menten kinetics up to the initial substrate concentration of 1.37m, with turnover number k(cat) and michaelis constant k(m) of 67.1 mumol/min mg enzyme and 0.717m, respectively. a competitive inhibition by the main product, oleic acid, has been fou ...	1991	18600751
activities of candida rugosa lipase and other esterolytic enzymes coated on glass beads and suspended in substrate and water vapor: enzymes in thin liquid films.	candida rugosa lipase was enzymatically active when coated on glass beads and exposed to mixtures of substrate and water vapor over a range of relative humidities up to 100%. evidence was obtained for operation of the enzyme in a thin liquid film of concentrated buffer on the surface of the glass beads. formation of the thin film was associated with hygroscopicity of the buffer used to suspend the enzyme in preparation of the enzyme-coated beads. at some buffer concentrations estimated to be on ...	1991	1367174
a study on the catalytic performance of lipase in reverse micelles.	the hydrolysis of olive oil catalyzed by candida rugosa lipase solubilized in "h2o/aot/isooctane" reverse micellar solution has been studied. the optimal conditions observed for lipase in reverse micelles were t = 25 degrees c, ph = 7.9, and r = [h2o]/[aot] = 10. lipase in reverse micelles is found to be quite stable. for example, after being incubated at 33 degrees c for 12 hours in aot/isooctane with r = 5.4, the residual activity of lipase remains as high as 89%. no inhibition was observed ev ...	1991	1824243
modulation of lipase hydrolysis and synthesis reactions using carbohydrates.	a novel method for modulation of lipase hydrolysis and synthesis lipase was investigated by using carbohydrates in the microenvironment of the candida rugosa enzyme. the influence of the addition of different sugars to the previously dialysed enzyme was tested on the two reactions. rates of hydrolysis were lowered by using dialysed enzyme but were increased after sugar addition, regardless of the identity of the added sugar. in contrast, synthesis reaction rates depended on the nature of the car ...	1991	1859825
characteristics of immobilized lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil of high concentration in reverse phase system.	candida rugosa lipase immobilized by adsorption on swollen sephadex lh-20 could almost completely hydrolyze 60% (v/v) olive oil in isooctane. kinetic analysis of the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction was found to be possible in this system. amount of fatty acids produced was linearly proportional to the enzyme concentration of 720 microg/g wet gel. the specific enzyme activity was 217 units/mg protein at 60% (v/v) olive oil concentration. when the initial rate is plotted versus concentration ...	1989	18587887
the hydrolysis of triglycerides by immobilized lipase in a hydrophilic membrane reactor.	in the present article a method is described to immobilize lipase from candida rugosa on a hollow fiber membrane, and the use of such a system for the hydrolysis of lipids is reported. the membranes were enka hydrophilic cuprophan-type hollow fibers, having a large specific surface area. the immobilized lipase exhibited a high stability: the half-life time was 43 days at a temperature of 30 degrees c. furthermore, it is proved that kinetic studies can be carried out with this system, operated in ...	1988	18587749
immobilization/stabilization of lipase from candida rugosa.	with the aim of fixing the enzyme to the matrix by multiple covalent linkages, lipase from candida rugosa (formerly cylindracea) has been insolubilized through its amino groups on sepharose 6b previously activated with 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol. two main variables that are known to control the number of bonds formed have been tested: the contact time between enzyme and activated support, and the temperature at which the immobilization reaction is carried out. studies on activity and stability of the ...	1988	3228295
synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some pyrrole derivatives. iii--2-(4-arylpiperazino)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-aryl-pyrrole derivatives.	the synthesis of 3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-aryl-pyrrole derivatives with an arylpiperazine group in position 2 is described. the in vitro biological investigation showed that compound (xviii) had considerable antibacterial activity against gram-positive microorganisms and antifungal activity against candida rugosa, while the other compounds did not show any significative activity.	1988	3248594
characteristics of lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil in aot-isooctane reversed micelles.	candida rugosa lipase solubilized in organic solvents in the presence of both surfactant and water could catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides, and kinetic analysis of the lipase-catalyzed reaction was found to be possible in this system. among eight organic solvents tested, isooctane was most effective for the hydrolysis of olive oil in reversed micelles. temperature effect, ph profile, k(m,app) and v(max,app) were determined. among various chemical compounds, cu(2+), hg(2+), and fe(3+) inhi ...	1986	18555453
intravenous catheter-associated fungemia due to candida rugosa.	we report a case of intravenous catheter-associated fungemia caused by candida rugosa; this is the first report of such an infection in a human. multiple cultures of blood taken over a 24-h period and of the intravenous catheter tip were positive for this unusual isolate. the patient was treated with intravenous amphotericin b and made an uneventful recovery. intravenous cannulae and other intravascular devices are well recognized as potential sites of intravascular infection by a variety of mic ...	1985	4066918
candida rugosa in immunocompromised infection. case reports, drug susceptibility, and review of the literature.	candida rugosa was isolated from two patients. one patient had acute leukemia and developed invasive disease due to this yeast on two occasions while granulocytopenic. her infection was eventually cured after treatment with amphotericin b. in another immunocompromised patient, the yeast was isolated from the sputum in the presence of a pulmonary infiltrate, but there was no other evidence for a pathogenic role. antifungal susceptibility testing of the first patient's isolate and three environmen ...	1985	3859361
effects of organic solvents on lipase for fat splitting.	the effect of organic solvents on the stability and catalytic activity of the microbial lipase from candida rugosa for hydrolysis of triglyceride (fat splitting) has been examined. the solvents examined were 5 hydrocarbons (n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, iso-octane and cyclohexane) and 3 ethers (diethyl-ether, diisopropylether and di-n-butylether). the results revealed that iso-octane and cyclohexane are superior to the other solvents examined for enzymatic fat splitting in organic solvent syste ...	1984	6527614
candida rugosa: experimental mastitis in a dairy cow.	candida rugosa was isolated from the milk of 70% of the cows in a dairy herd with mastitis problems. an experimental c. rugosa infection of the udder of a healthy cow resulted in a prolonged fever and an inflammatory reaction in the mammary gland and associated lymph nodes. milk secretion in the 2 infected quarters was reduced from 8.51 to 1.51 per day. histological examination revealed alveolar destruction with interstitial fibrosis accompanied by lymphocyte and macrophage accumulation. c. rugo ...	1982	7112338
synthetic hydrocarbons obtained by means of coal processing as a raw material for the microbiological industry. iii. assimilation of individual hydrocarbons from kogasin by selected yeast strains of the genus candida.	the dynamics of the utilization of hydrocarbons from a synthetic mixture used as sole carbon and energy source in medium during the growth of two strains of yeast, candida scottii a-31 and candida rugosa a-7, was studied. the yeasts grew in a mineral medium with 2% of hydrocarbons, on a shaker, for 72 hours. during this time almost complete utilization of n-paraffins in the medium was observed and the biomass increments were 11.2 and 12.64 g of dry wt./l, respectively. the examined strains did n ...	1981	6168177
comparative evaluation of the iatron serological candida check kit and the api 20c kit for identification of medically important candida species.	a newly developed commercial serological test (iatron laboratories, inc., tokyo, japan) for the rapid identification of medically important species of candida was evaluated against the api 20c (analytab products, plainview, n.y.) and the standard wickerham assimilation and fermentation procedures. our results indicated that the iatron and the api 20c methods are 95% accurate since both permitted identification of 78 of 82 candida isolates, representing eight medically important species. none of ...	1981	7016900
cellular fatty acids derived from normal alkanes by candida rugosa.	in an attempt to examine the specific metabolic relationship between the alkane substrates and lipid products the pattern of formation of cellular lipid, especially fatty acids, has been studied in the course of incubation of cells of c. rugosa with n-alkanes in mineral medium. c18:2, c18:1, c16:1 and c16:0 fatty acids were the major products formed, irrespective of the odd or even chain length of the alkane used as substrate. these unsaturated fatty acids reached a maximum in the stationary pha ...	1980	7434793
[serologic specificity of various candida membranaefaciens and candida rugosa strains].	c. membranaefaciens (c. majoricensis) cbs-2875 and c. rugosa 829 strains were agglutinated strongly with 0 6,7 agglutinating serum of s. cholerae suis. on the other hand the same gave a negative result with c. membranaefaciens cbs-1952 and c. rugosa (c. rugosa v. elegans) cbs-1948. these results can be considered in way of identification of the mentioned candida types.	1977	73126
pyometra in a mare caused by candida rugosa.		1977	833040
the intracellular polysaccharide of candida rugosa grown on hydrocarbon.		1974	4421399
monosaccharide formation from hydrocarbon by candida rugosa.		1974	4836962
enzymatic conversion of l-decene to decyl alcohol by candida rugosa jf 101.		1971	5003660
anaerobic formation of n-decyl alcohol from n-decene-1 by resting cells of candida rugosa.		1970	5485018
formation of n-decene-1 from n-decane by resting cells of candida rugosa.		1969	5380071
n-decane dehydrogenation by a cell-free extract of candida rugosa.		1968	4387652