Publications

a circadian oscillator in the fungus botrytis cinerea regulates virulence when infecting arabidopsis thaliana.	the circadian clock of the plant model arabidopsis thaliana modulates defense mechanisms impacting plant-pathogen interactions. nevertheless, the effect of clock regulation on pathogenic traits has not been explored in detail. moreover, molecular description of clocks in pathogenic fungi--or fungi in general other than the model ascomycete neurospora crassa--has been neglected, leaving this type of question largely unaddressed. we sought to characterize, therefore, the circadian system of the pl ...	2015	26124115
parallel structural evolution of mitochondrial ribosomes and oxphos complexes.	the five macromolecular complexes that jointly mediate oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) in mitochondria consist of many more subunits than those of bacteria, yet, it remains unclear by which evolutionary mechanism(s) these novel subunits were recruited. even less well understood is the structural evolution of mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes): while it was long thought that their exceptionally high protein content would physically compensate for their uniquely low amount of ribosomal rna ...	2015	25861818
characterization of cercospora nicotianae hypothetical proteins in cercosporin resistance.	the photoactivated toxin, cercosporin, produced by cercospora species, plays an important role in pathogenesis of this fungus to host plants. cercosporin has almost universal toxicity to cells due to its production of reactive oxygen species including singlet oxygen. for that reason, cercospora species, which are highly resistant to their own toxin, are good candidates to identify genes for resistance to cercosporin and to the reactive oxygen species it produces. in previous research, the zinc c ...	2015	26474162
mutagenesis of trichoderma reesei endoglucanase i: impact of expression host on activity and stability at elevated temperatures.	trichoderma reesei is a key cellulase source for economically saccharifying cellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels. lignocellulose hydrolysis at temperatures above the optimum temperature of t. reesei cellulases (~50°c) could provide many significant advantages, including reduced viscosity at high-solids loadings, lower risk of microbial contamination during saccharification, greater compatibility with high-temperature biomass pretreatment, and faster rates of hydrolysis. these potent ...	2015	25879765
chemotropic sensing in fungus-plant interactions.	growth of fungal hyphae is guided by a variety of chemical gradients, including nutrients, mating pheromones or host compounds. over 100 years after chemotropism was first reported in fungus-plant interactions, our knowledge on the host signals, fungal receptors and cellular pathways is still rudimentary. genetic analysis in the model organisms saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurospora crassa has provided valuable insights into the chemotropic machinery of the fungal hypha. moreover, recent studie ...	2015	26247120
fvso regulates vegetative hyphal fusion, asexual growth, fumonisin b1 production, and virulence in fusarium verticillioides.	hyphal anastomosis is a hallmark of filamentous fungi and plays vital roles including cellular homoeostasis, interhyphal communication and nutrient translocation. here we identify a gene, fvso, in fusarium verticillioides, a filamentous ascomycete causing maize ear and stalk rot and producing fumonisin mycotoxins. fvso, like its neurospora crassa homologue so, is required for vegetative hyphal fusion. it is also essential for normal vegetative growth, sporulation, and pathogenesis. fvso encodes ...	2015	26615739
carbon and nitrogen limitation increase chitosan antifungal activity in neurospora crassa and fungal human pathogens.	chitosan permeabilizes plasma membrane and kills sensitive filamentous fungi and yeast. membrane fluidity and cell energy determine chitosan sensitivity in fungi. a five-fold reduction of both glucose (main carbon (c) source) and nitrogen (n) increased 2-fold neurospora crassa sensitivity to chitosan. we linked this increase with production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ros) and plasma membrane permeabilization. releasing n. crassa from nutrient limitation reduced chitosan antifungal ...	2015	25749367
rapid ethanol production at elevated temperatures by engineered thermotolerant kluyveromyces marxianus via the nadp(h)-preferring xylose reductase-xylitol dehydrogenase pathway.	conversion of xylose to ethanol by yeasts is a challenge because of the redox imbalances under oxygen-limited conditions. the thermotolerant yeast kluyveromyces marxianus grows well with xylose as a carbon source at elevated temperatures, but its xylose fermentation ability is weak. in this study, a combination of the nadph-preferring xylose reductase (xr) from neurospora crassa and the nadp(+)-preferring xylitol dehydrogenase (xdh) mutant from scheffersomyces stipitis (pichia stipitis) was cons ...	2015	26253204
expression, purification, refolding, and enzymatic characterization of two secretory phospholipases a₂ from neurospora crassa.	secretory phospholipase a2 (spla2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of sn-2 linkage in the glycerophospholipid, thereby releasing fatty acid and 1-acyl lysophospholipid. among spla2s from various organisms and tissues, group xiv fungal/bacterial spla2s are relatively less characterized compared to their mammalian counterparts. here we report cloning, recombinant expression, refolding, and enzymatic characterization of two spla2s, ncu06650 and ncu09423, from the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. the ...	2015	26272369
toward bioactive yet antibacterial surfaces.	the fabrication of antibacterial yet biocompatible and bioactive surfaces is a challenge that biological and biomedical community has faced for many years, while no "dream material" has been developed so far. the primary goal of this study was to establish an optimal range of ag concentration and its state of agglomeration in bioactive nanocomposite ticapcon films which would provide a strong bactericidal effect without compromising the material biocompatibility and bioactivity. to obtain sample ...	2015	26255161
efficient production of xylitol from hemicellulosic hydrolysate using engineered escherichia coli.	a metabolically engineered escherichia coli has been constructed for the production of xylitol, one of the top 12 platform chemicals from agricultural sources identified by the us department of energy. an optimal plasmid was constructed to express xylose reductase from neurospora crassa with almost no inclusion bodies at relatively high temperature. the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose phosphotransferase system (ptsg) was disrupted to eliminate catabolite repression and allow simultaneous u ...	2015	26197036
enzymatic characterization of recombinant nitrate reductase expressed and purified from neurospora crassa.	we established an expression and purification procedure for recombinant protein production in neurospora crassa (n. crassa). this strep-tag® based system was successfully used for purifying recombinant n. crassa nitrate reductase (nr), whose enzymatic activity was compared to recombinant n. crassa nr purified from escherichia coli. the purity of the two different nr preparations was similar but nr purified from n. crassa showed a significantly higher nitrate turnover rate. two phosphorylation si ...	2015	25914160
isobutanol production from cellobionic acid in escherichia coli.	liquid fuels needed for the global transportation industry can be produced from sugars derived from plant-based lignocellulosics. lignocellulosics contain a range of sugars, only some of which (such as cellulose) have been shown to be utilizable by microorganisms capable of producing biofuels. cellobionic acid makes up a small but significant portion of lignocellulosic degradation products, and had not previously been investigated as an utilizable substrate. however, aldonic acids such as cellob ...	2015	25889729
expanding xylose metabolism in yeast for plant cell wall conversion to biofuels.	sustainable biofuel production from renewable biomass will require the efficient and complete use of all abundant sugars in the plant cell wall. using the cellulolytic fungus neurospora crassa as a model, we identified a xylodextrin transport and consumption pathway required for its growth on hemicellulose. reconstitution of this xylodextrin utilization pathway in saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that fungal xylose reductases act as xylodextrin reductases, producing xylosyl-xylitol oligomers as ...	2015	25647728
aspergillus glaucus aquaglyceroporin gene glpf confers high osmosis tolerance in heterologous organisms.	aquaglyceroporins (glpfs) that transport glycerol along with water and other uncharged solutes are involved in osmoregulation in myriad species. fungal species form a large group of eukaryotic organisms, and their glpfs may be diverse, exhibiting various activities. however, few filamentous fungal glpfs have been biologically investigated. here, a glpf gene from the halophilic fungus aspergillus glaucus (agglpf) was verified to be a channel of water or glycerol in xenopus laevis oocytes and was ...	2015	26209670
fgric8 is involved in regulating vegetative growth, conidiation, deoxynivalenol production and virulence in fusarium graminearum.	proteins of the resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 (ric8) group act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs) and play important roles in regulating g-protein signaling in animals. in filamentous fungi, putative ric8 orthologs have so far been identified in magnaporthe oryzae, neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. here, we report the functional investigation of a potential ric8 ortholog (fgric8) in the wheat head blight pathogen fusarium graminearum. ta ...	2015	26341536
transcription factor ads-4 regulates adaptive responses and resistance to antifungal azole stress.	azoles are commonly used as antifungal drugs or pesticides to control fungal infections in medicine and agriculture. fungi adapt to azole stress by rapidly activating the transcription of a number of genes, and transcriptional increases in some azole-responsive genes can elevate azole resistance. the regulatory mechanisms that control transcriptional responses to azole stress in filamentous fungi are not well understood. this study identified a bzip transcription factor, ads-4 (antifungal drug s ...	2015	26100701
the apses family proteins in fungi: characterizations, evolution and functions.	the apses protein family belongs to transcriptional factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) class, the originally described members (apses: asm1p, phd1p, sok2p, efg1p and stuap) are used to designate this group of proteins, and they have been identified as key regulators of fungal development and other biological processes. apses proteins share a highly conserved dna-binding domain (apses domain) of about 100 amino acids, whose central domain is predicted to form a typical bhlh structure. b ...	2015	25534868
kinesin-3 in the basidiomycete ustilago maydis transports organelles along the entire microtubule array.	the molecular motor kinesin-3 transports early endosomes along microtubules in filamentous fungi. it was reported that kinesin-3 from the ascomycete fungi aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa use a subset of post-translationally modified and more stable microtubules. here, i show that kinesin-3 from the basidiomycete ustilago maydis moves along all hyphal microtubules. this difference is likely due to variation in cell cycle control and associated organization of the microtubule array.	2015	25459534
extreme diversity in the regulation of ndt80-like transcription factors in fungi.	the saccharomyces cerevisiae ndt80 protein is the founding member of a class of p53-like transcription factors that is known as the ndt80/phog-like dna-binding family. the number of ndt80-like genes in different fungi is highly variable and their roles, which have been examined in only a few species, include regulation of meiosis, sexual development, biofilm formation, drug resistance, virulence, the response to nutrient stress and programmed cell death. the protein kinase ime2 regulates the sin ...	2015	26497142
epigenetics as an emerging tool for improvement of fungal strains used in biotechnology.	filamentous fungi are today a major source of industrial biotechnology for the production of primary and secondary metabolites, as well as enzymes and recombinant proteins. all of them have undergone extensive improvement strain programs, initially by classical mutagenesis and later on by genetic manipulation. thereby, strategies to overcome rate-limiting or yield-reducing reactions included manipulating the expression of individual genes, their regulatory genes, and also their function. yet, re ...	2015	26115753
a lipid-managing program maintains a stout spitzenkörper.	the spitzenkörper (spk) is an accumulation of vesicles interleaved with actin microfilaments present at the cytosolic side of the apical plasma membrane (pm) of hyphal tips of many species of filamentous fungi. the physiological role of the spk has captivated fungal biologists over the years, but only very recently this 'organelle' is starting to be understood in the molecular terminology used for cell biological models. one aspect that has received little attention is the role of cellular membr ...	2015	25921726
regulation of glycogen metabolism by the cre-1, rco-1 and rcm-1 proteins in neurospora crassa. the role of cre-1 as the central transcriptional regulator.	the transcription factor crea/mig1/cre-1 is a repressor protein that regulates the use of alternative carbon sources via a mechanism known as carbon catabolite repression (ccr). in saccharomyces cerevisiae, mig1 recruits the complex ssn6-tup1, the neurospora crassa rcm-1 and rco-1 orthologous proteins, respectively, to bind to promoters of glucose-repressible genes. we have been studying the regulation of glycogen metabolism in n. crassa and the identification of the rco-1 corepressor as a regul ...	2015	25889113
transient transformation of podosphaera xanthii by electroporation of conidia.	powdery mildew diseases are a major phytosanitary issue causing important yield and economic losses in agronomic, horticultural and ornamental crops. powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites unable to grow on culture media, a fact that has significantly limited their genetic manipulation. in this work, we report a protocol based on the electroporation of fungal conidia, for the transient transformation of podosphaera fusca (synonym podosphaera xanthii), the main causal agent of cuc ...	2015	25651833
dissecting the function of the different chitin synthases in vegetative growth and sexual development in neurospora crassa.	chitin, one of the most important carbohydrates of the fungal cell wall, is synthesized by chitin synthases (chs). seven sequences encoding chss have been identified in the genome of neurospora crassa. previously, chs-1, -3 and -6 were found at the spitzenkörper(spk) core and developing septa. we investigated the functional importance of each chs in growth and development of n. crassa. the cellular distribution of each chs tagged with fluorescent proteins and the impact of corresponding gene del ...	2015	25596036
neurospora crassa asm-1 complements the conidiation defect in a stua mutant of aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans stua and neurospora crassa asm-1 are orthologous apses (asm-1, phd1, sok2, efg1, stua) transcription factors conserved across a diverse group of fungi. stua and asm-1 have roles in asexual (conidiation) and sexual (ascospore formation) development in both organisms. to address the hypothesis that the last common ancestor of these diverse fungi regulated conidiation with similar genes, asm-1 was introduced into the stua1 mutant of a. nidulans. expression of asm-1 complemented ...	2015	25550299
[mechanisms and regulation of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in filamentous fungi: classical cases and new models].	cellulose is the most abundant renewable carbon source on earth. however, this polymer structure comprises a physical and chemical barrier for carbon access, which has limited its exploitation. in nature, only a few percentage of microorganisms may degrade this polymer by cellulase expression. filamentous fungi are one of the most active and efficient groups among these microorganisms. this review describes similarities and differences between cellulase activity mechanisms and regulatory mechani ...	2015	24607657
around the fungal clock: recent advances in the molecular study of circadian clocks in neurospora and other fungi.	night follows day and as a consequence, organisms have evolved molecular machineries that allow them to anticipate and respond to the many changes that accompany these transitions. circadian clocks are precise yet plastic pacemakers that allow the temporal organization of a plethora of biological process. circadian clocks are widespread across the tree of life and while their exact molecular components differ among phyla, they tend to share common design principles. in this review, we discuss th ...	2015	26639917
the n-linked outer chain mannans and the dfg5p and dcw1p endo-α-1,6-mannanases are needed for incorporation of candida albicans glycoproteins into the cell wall.	a biochemical pathway for the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of neurospora crassa was recently proposed. in this pathway, the dfg-5 and dcw-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated n-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. in this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the n-li ...	2015	26048011
clerodane type diterpene as a novel antifungal agent from polyalthia longifolia var. pendula.	bioactivity-guided chemical examination of methanolic extract of leaves of polyalthia longifolia var. pendula led to the isolation of the active constituent, a diterpene 1 which was identified as 16α-hydroxycleroda-3,13(14)z-dien-15,16-olide on the basis of its spectral data. among the tested strains, diterpene 1 was found to exhibit antifungal activities having mic90 values of 50.3, 100.6 and 201.2 μm against candida albicans ncim3557, cryptococcus neoformans ncim3542 (human pathogens) and neur ...	2015	25747495
in vitro production and antifungal activity of peptide abp-dhc-cecropin a.	the antimicrobial peptide abp-dhc-cecropin a is a small cationic peptide with potent activity against a wide range of bacterial species. evidence of antifungal activity has also been suggested; however, testing of this peptide has been limited due to the low expression of cecropin proteins in escherichia coli. to improve expression of this peptide in e. coli, abp-dhc-cecropin a was cloned into a psumo vector and transformed into e. coli, resulting in the production of a psumo-abp-dhc-cecropin a ...	2015	25702854
ascomycete fungal actins differentially support plant spatial cell and organ development.	actin interacts with a wide variety of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins to support spatial development in nearly all eukaryotes. null mutations in plant vegetative actins produce dramatically altered cell, tissue, and organ morphologies. animal cytoplasmic actins (e.g., human hsactb, hsactg1) and some ancestral protist actins fully suppress these mutant phenotypes suggesting that some animal, plant, and protist actins share functional competence for spatial development. considering that fungi ha ...	2015	25428798
anti-infective assessment of senecio smithioides (asteraceae) and isolation of 9-oxoeuryopsin, a furanoeremophilane-type sesquiterpene with antiplasmodial activity.	the search for anti-infective activity in the antipyretic plant senecio smithioides was conducted. petroleum ether (pe), dichloromethane (ch2cl2), ethyl acetate (etoac) and hydroethanolic (96% etoh) extracts, and compounds 9-oxoeuryopsin (1), epoxydecompostin (2) and senecionine (3) were obtained from the aerial parts. all extracts and 1 were tested against chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium falciparum (ref. chloroquine), trypanosoma cruzi (ref. nifurtimox), leishmania braziliensis, leis ...	2015	26606687
probing c-terminal interactions of the pseudomonas stutzeri cyanide-degrading cynd protein.	the cyanide dihydratases from bacillus pumilus and pseudomonas stutzeri share high amino acid sequence similarity throughout except for their highly divergent c-termini. however, deletion or exchange of the c-termini had different effects upon each enzyme. here we extended previous studies and investigated how the c-terminus affects the activity and stability of three nitrilases, the cyanide dihydratases from b. pumilus (cyndpum) and p. stutzeri (cyndstut) and the cyanide hydratase from neurospo ...	2015	25549622
exploring the potential of fungal arylacetonitrilases in mandelic acid synthesis.	the application of arylacetonitrilases from filamentous fungi to the hydrolysis of high concentrations of (r,s)-mandelonitrile (100-500 mm) was demonstrated for the first time. escherichia coli strains expressing the corresponding genes were used as whole-cell catalysts. nitrilases from aspergillus niger, neurospora crassa, nectria haematococca, and arthroderma benhamiae (enzymes nitan, nitnc, nitnh, and nitab, respectively) exhibited different degrees of enantio- and chemoselectivity (amide for ...	2015	25652193
improvement of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid production by marine dinoflagellate crypthecodinium cohnii using rapeseed meal hydrolysate and waste molasses as feedstock.	rapeseed meal and waste molasses are two important agro-industrial by-products which are produced in large quantities. in this study, solid state fermentation and fungal autolysis were performed to produce rapeseed meal hydrolysate (rmh) using fungal strains of aspergillus oryzae, penicillium oxalicum and neurospora crassa. the hydrolysate was used as fermentation feedstock for heterotrophic growth of microalga crypthecodinium cohnii that produce docosahexaenoic acid (dha). the addition of waste ...	2015	25942565
deciphering the uniqueness of mucoromycotina cell walls by combining biochemical and phylogenomic approaches.	most fungi from the mucoromycotina lineage occur in ecosystems as saprobes, although some species are phytopathogens or may induce human mycosis. mucoromycotina represent early diverging models that are most valuable for understanding fungal evolution. here we reveal the uniqueness of the cell wall structure of the mucoromycotina rhizopus oryzae and phycomyces blakesleeanus compared with the better characterized cell wall of the ascomycete neurospora crassa. we have analysed the corresponding po ...	2015	25143134
two pentatricopeptide repeat domain proteins are required for the synthesis of respiratory complex i.	in this study pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) proteins in filamentous ascomycetes are identified and functionally characterized. ppr proteins, which have in common a degenerated 35 amino acid motif often arranged in multiple tandems, are known to be implicated in various steps of rna metabolism in mitochondria and chloroplasts. in filamentous ascomycetes we identified a common set of nine ppr proteins. for seven of these proteins, which were not yet characterized, knockout mutants of neurospora c ...	2015	25108509
viba, a homologue of a transcription factor for fungal heterokaryon incompatibility, is involved in antifungal compound production in the plant-symbiotic fungus epichloë festucae.	symbiotic association of epichloae endophytes (epichloë/neotyphodium species) with cool-season grasses of the subfamily pooideae confers bioprotective benefits to the host plants against abiotic and biotic stresses. while the production of fungal bioprotective metabolites is a well-studied mechanism of host protection from insect herbivory, little is known about the antibiosis mechanism against grass pathogens by the mutualistic endophyte. in this study, an epichloë festucae mutant defective in ...	2015	24906411
mechanism of the neurospora circadian clock, a frequency-centric view.	circadian clocks are self-sustaining timekeepers found in almost all organisms on earth. the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa is a preeminent model for eukaryotic circadian clocks. investigations of the neurospora circadian clock system have led to elucidation of circadian clock regulatory mechanisms that are common to all eukaryotes. in this work, we will focus on the neurospora circadian oscillator mechanism with an emphasis on the regulation of the core clock component frequency.	2015	25302868
purification of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of neurospora crassa mitochondria.	a simple purification procedure for the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of neurospora crassa mitochondria is described. after fractionated precipitations with polyethylene glycol, elimination of thiol proteins, and gel-filtration chromatography, the resulting preparations contained both activities. covalent chromatography on thiol-activated sepharose cl-4b allowed the specific binding of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity in the presence of 2- ...	2015	2947635
dna-dna and dna-protein crosslinking and repair in neurospora crassa following exposure to nitrogen mustard.	a new method was developed for the analysis of dna-protein crosslinks in neurospora crassa. the formations of dna-protein and dna-dna crosslinks were assayed following exposure of spheroplasts to hn2. both types of crosslink were detected and were found to be repaired during recovery. moreover a mutant sensitive to hn2 was defective in the removal of both types of crosslink.	2015	6239978
ageing of neurospora crassa. iv. induction of senescence in wild type by dietary amino acid analogs and reversal by antioxidants and membrane stabilizers.	the extensional growth rate of wild-type 74a8 n. crassa in the presence of various concentrations of 19 amino acid analogs was measured. seven analogs were not inhibitory at concentrations in the range of one to 10mm. of the remaining 12 analogs, nine inhibited growth in a novel way. the kinetics of growth in the presence of these analogs at 30 degrees were characterized by seven sequential phases: (1)lag; (2) acceleration of growth rate; (3) steady-state growth rate; (4) exponential rate of dec ...	2015	7715
molecular dissection of so (soft) protein in stress-induced aggregation and cell-to-cell interactive functions in filamentous fungal multicellularity.	filamentous fungi grow by organizing multicellularity through hyphal compartmentalization and cell fusion. so (soft) protein, which was originally identified in neurospora crassa, plays distinct functional roles in cell-to-cell interactions, such as septal plugging and cell fusion. we previously reported that aoso, an aspergillus oryzae so homologue, forms aggregates at the septal pore in response to stress, as well as upon hyphal wounding. however, the functional regions that mediate the multic ...	2016	27109373
identification of a novel l-rhamnose uptake transporter in the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger.	the study of plant biomass utilization by fungi is a research field of great interest due to its many implications in ecology, agriculture and biotechnology. most of the efforts done to increase the understanding of the use of plant cell walls by fungi have been focused on the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, and transport and metabolism of their constituent monosaccharides. pectin is another important constituent of plant cell walls, but has received less attention. in relation to th ...	2016	27984587
the introduction of the fungal d-galacturonate pathway enables the consumption of d-galacturonic acid by saccharomyces cerevisiae.	pectin-rich wastes, such as citrus pulp and sugar beet pulp, are produced in considerable amounts by the juice and sugar industry and could be used as raw materials for biorefineries. one possible process in such biorefineries is the hydrolysis of these wastes and the subsequent production of ethanol. however, the ethanol-producing organism of choice, saccharomyces cerevisiae, is not able to catabolize d-galacturonic acid, which represents a considerable amount of the sugars in the hydrolysate, ...	2016	27538689
circadian clocks and the regulation of virulence in fungi: getting up to speed.	you cannot escape time. therefore, it seems wise to learn how to keep track of it and use it to your advantage. circadian clocks are molecular circuits that allow organisms to temporally coordinate a plethora of processes, including gene expression, with a close to 24h rhythm, optimizing cellular function in synchrony with daily environmental cycles. the molecular bases of these clocks have been extensively studied in the fungus neurospora crassa, providing a detailed molecular description. surp ...	2016	27039027
the interaction of fungi with the environment orchestrated by rnai.	the fungal kingdom has been key in the investigation of the biogenesis and function of small rnas (srnas). the discovery of phenomena such as quelling in neurospora crassa represents pioneering work in the identification of the main elements of the rna interference (rnai) machinery. recent discoveries in the regulatory mechanisms in some yeast and filamentous fungi are helping us reach a deeper understanding of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanisms involved in ge ...	2016	26932186
a novel zn2 cys6 transcription factor bcgaar regulates d-galacturonic acid utilization in botrytis cinerea.	d-galacturonic acid (gala) is the most abundant monosaccharide component of pectin. previous transcriptome analysis in the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea identified eight gala-inducible genes involved in pectin decomposition, gala transport and utilization. co-expression of these genes indicates that a specific regulatory mechanism occurs in b. cinerea. in this study, promoter regions of these genes were analysed and eight conserved sequence motifs identified. the bclga1 promoter, cont ...	2016	26691528
the n-acetylglucosamine catabolic gene cluster in trichoderma reesei is controlled by the ndt80-like transcription factor ron1.	chitin is an important structural constituent of fungal cell walls composed of n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) monosaccharides, but catabolism of glcnac has not been studied in filamentous fungi so far. in the yeast candida albicans, the genes encoding the three enzymes responsible for stepwise conversion of glcnac to fructose-6-phosphate are clustered. in this work, we analysed glcnac catabolism in ascomycete filamentous fungi and found that the respective genes are also clustered in these fungi. ...	2016	26481444
xylitol production by saccharomyces cerevisiae overexpressing different xylose reductases using non-detoxified hemicellulosic hydrolysate of corncob.	xylitol production was compared in fed batch fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae strains overexpressing xylose reductase (xr) genes from candida tropicalis, pichia stipitis, neurospora crassa, and an endogenous gene gre3. the gene encoding a xylose specific transporter (sut1) from p. stipitis was cloned to improve xylose transport and fed batch fermentation was used with glucose as a cosubstrate to regenerate nadph. xylitol yield was near theoretical for all the strains in fed batch ferment ...	2016	28330197
small heat shock proteins, phylogeny in filamentous fungi and expression analyses in aspergillus nidulans.	small heat shock proteins (shsps) have been characterized in organisms from all three domains of life and viruses and are involved in a wide range of biological functions. however, the evolution and function of shsp in aspergillus species are largely unknown. in the present work, shsps were identified in 31 filamentous fungi, including species from aspergillus, penicillium, fusarium and magnaporthe, as well as botrytis cinerea and neurospora crassa. phylogenetic analysis revealed high level of d ...	2016	26403724
seeing the world differently: variability in the photosensory mechanisms of two model fungi.	light plays an important role for most organisms on this planet, serving either as a source of energy or information for the adaptation of biological processes to specific times of day. the fungal kingdom is estimated to contain well over a million species, possibly 10-fold more, and it is estimated that a majority of the fungi respond to light, eliciting changes in several physiological characteristics including pathogenesis, development and secondary metabolism. two model organisms for photobi ...	2016	26373782
molecular components of the neurospora crassa ph signaling pathway and their regulation by ph and the pac-3 transcription factor.	environmental ph induces a stress response triggering a signaling pathway whose components have been identified and characterized in several fungi. neurospora crassa shares all six components of the aspergillus nidulans ph signaling pathway, and we investigate here their regulation during an alkaline ph stress response. we show that the n. crassa pal mutant strains, with the exception of δpal-9, which is the a. nidulans pali homolog, exhibit low conidiation and are unable to grow at alkaline ph. ...	2016	27557053
light governs asexual differentiation in the grey mould fungus botrytis cinerea via the putative transcription factor bcltf2.	botrytis cinerea is a plant pathogenic fungus known for its utilization of light as environmental cue to regulate asexual differentiation: conidia are formed in the light, while sclerotia are formed in the dark. as no orthologues of known regulators of conidiation (e.g., aspergillus nidulans brla, neurospora crassa fl) exist in the leotiomycetes, we initiated a de novo approach to identify the functional counterpart in b. cinerea. the search revealed the light-responsive c2h2 transcription facto ...	2016	27347834
gln3 is a main regulator of nitrogen assimilation in candida glabrata.	after candida albicans, the yeast candida glabrata ranks second as an aetiological agent of candidaemia and is the most frequently encountered non-candida albicans species in patients with invasive candidiasis. transcriptome analysis in c. albicans, c. glabrata and cryptoccocus neoformans has revealed that, when engulfed by macrophages, these yeasts upregulate genes involved in nutrient acquisition, including nitrogen transporters such as the general amino acid permease gap1, the dicarboxylic am ...	2016	27222014
selective enzymatic transformation to aldehydes in vivo by fungal carboxylate reductase from neurospora crassa.	the enzymatic reduction of carboxylic acids is in its infancy with only a handful of biocatalysts available to this end. we have increased the spectrum of carboxylate-reducing enzymes (cars) with the sequence of a fungal car from neurospora crassa or74a (nccar). nccar was efficiently expressed in e. coli using an autoinduction protocol at low temperature. it was purified and characterized in vitro, revealing a broad substrate acceptance, a ph optimum at ph 5.5-6.0, a tm of 45 °c and inhibition b ...	2016	27917101
analysis of the association between codon optimality and mrna stability in schizosaccharomyces pombe.	recent experiments have shown that codon optimality is a major determinant of mrna stability in saccharomyces cerevisiae and that this phenomenon may be conserved in escherichia coli and some metazoans, although work in neurospora crassa is not consistent with this model.	2016	27825301
neurospora crassa tox-1 gene encodes a ph- and temperature-tolerant mini-cellulase.	cellulases that endure extreme conditions are essential in various industrial sectors. this study reports a mini-cellulase gene tox-1 from neurospora crassa. the gene tox-1 was cloned in escherichia coli after chimerization with the yebf gene and substitutions of certain isoleucine and valine with leucine residues. the yeast transformants could grow on rice straw-agar medium. the 44-amino acid peptide and its two mutant variants displayed potent cellulase activities in congo red assay and enzyma ...	2016	27229865
expression of two novel β-glucosidases from chaetomium atrobrunneum in trichoderma reesei and characterization of the heterologous protein products.	two novel gh3 family thermostable β-glucosidases from the filamentous fungus chaetomium atrobrunneum (cel3a and cel3b) were expressed in trichoderma reesei, purified by two-step ion exchange chromatography, and characterized. both enzymes were active over a wide range of ph as compared to neurospora crassa β-glucosidase gh3-3, which was also expressed in t. reesei and purified. the optimum temperature of both c. atrobrunneum enzymes was around 60 °c at ph 5, and both enzymes had better thermal a ...	2016	27714589
the fungus tremella mesenterica encodes the longest metallothionein currently known: gene, protein and metal binding characterization.	fungal cu-thioneins, and among them, the paradigmatic neurospora crassa metallothionein (mt) (26 residues), were once considered as the shortest mts--the ubiquitous, versatile metal-binding proteins--among all organisms, and thus representatives of their primeval forms. nowadays, fungal mts of diverse lengths and sequence features are known, following the huge heterogeneity of the kingdom of fungi. at the opposite end of n. crassa mt, the recently reported cryptococcus neoformans cnmt1 and cnmt2 ...	2016	26882011
deoxycholic acid transformations catalyzed by selected filamentous fungi.	more than 100 filamentous fungi strains, mostly ascomycetes and zygomycetes from different phyla, were screened for the ability to convert deoxycholic acid (dca) to valuable bile acid derivatives. along with 11 molds which fully degraded dca, several strains were revealed capable of producing cholic acid, ursocholic acid, 12-keto-lithocholic acid (12-keto-lca), 3-keto-dca, 15β-hydroxy-dca and 15β-hydroxy-12-oxo-lca as major products from dca. the last metabolite was found to be a new compound. t ...	2016	26718089
suppressor of fusion, a fusarium oxysporum homolog of ndt80, is required for nutrient-dependent regulation of anastomosis.	heterokaryon formation is an essential step in asexual recombination in fusarium oxysporum. filamentous fungi have an elaborate nonself recognition machinery to prevent formation and proliferation of heterokaryotic cells, called heterokaryon incompatibility (hi). in f. oxysporum the regulation of this machinery is not well understood. in neurospora crassa, vib-1, a putative transcription factor of the p53-like ndt80 family of transcription factors, has been identified as global regulator of hi. ...	2016	27531696
hyphal chemotropism in fungal pathogenicity.	the ability to grow as filamentous hyphae defines the lifestyle of fungi. hyphae are exposed to a variety of chemical stimuli such as nutrients or signal molecules from mating partners and host organisms. how fungi sense and process this chemical information to steer hyphal growth is poorly understood. saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurospora crassa have served as genetic models for the identification of cellular components functioning in chemotropism. a recent study in the pathogen fusarium oxys ...	2016	27150623
bio-transformation of agri-food wastes by newly isolated neurospora crassa and lactobacillus plantarum for egg production.	using bio-transferred feedstuff was a cost-effective approach to improve egg quality and production; particularly, the nutritive diet came from agri-food wastes. in this study, optimization of fermentation conditions and co-cultivation of neurospora crassa with lactobacillus plantarum was performed in a simple bioreactor. the optimized fermentation of beer lees substrates through n. crassa led to the hydrolysis rates of crude fiber increasing to 43.27%. compared to that of using n. crassa alone, ...	2016	26740129
rna interference in fungi: retention and loss.	rna interference (rnai) is a mechanism conserved in eukaryotes, including fungi, that represses gene expression by means of small noncoding rnas (srnas) of about 20 to 30 nucleotides. its discovery is one of the most important scientific breakthroughs of the past 20 years, and it has revolutionized our perception of the functioning of the cell. initially described and characterized in neurospora crassa, the rnai is widespread in fungi, suggesting that it plays important functions in the fungal k ...	2016	28087943
functional evolution in orthologous cell-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerases.	many eukaryotic organisms encode more than one rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) that probably emerged as a result of gene duplication. such rdrp paralogs often participate in distinct rna silencing pathways and show characteristic repertoires of enzymatic activities in vitro however, to what extent members of individual paralogous groups can undergo functional changes during speciation remains an open question. we show that orthologs of qde-1, an rdrp component of the quelling pathway in neur ...	2016	26907693
lac-1 and lag-1 with ras-1 affect aging and the biological clock in neurospora crassa.	using an automated cell counting technique developed previously (case et al., ecology and evolution 2014; 4: 3494), we explore the lifespan effects of lac-1, a ceramide synthase gene paralogous to lag-1 in neurospora crassa in conjunction with the band bd (ras-1) gene. we find that the replicative lifespan of a lac-1(ko)bd double mutants is short, about one race tube cycle, and this double mutant lacks a strong ~21-hr clock cycle as shown by race tube and fluorometer analysis of fluorescent stra ...	2016	28031787
the hsp90 co-chaperones sti1, aha1, and p23 regulate adaptive responses to antifungal azoles.	heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is essential for tumor progression in humans and drug resistance in fungi. however, the roles of its many co-chaperones in antifungal resistance are unknown. in this study, by susceptibility test of neurospora crassa mutants lacking each of 18 hsp90/calcineurin system member genes (including 8 hsp90 co-chaperone genes) to antifungal drugs and other stresses, we demonstrate that the hsp90 co-chaperones sti1 (hop1 in yeast), aha1, and p23 (sba1 in yeast) were required ...	2016	27761133
fungal sex: the ascomycota.	this article provides an overview of sexual reproduction in the ascomycetes, a phylum of fungi that is named after the specialized sacs or "asci" that hold the sexual spores. they have therefore also been referred to as the sac fungi due to these characteristic structures that typically contain four to eight ascospores. ascomycetes are morphologically diverse and include single-celled yeasts, filamentous fungi, and more complex cup fungi. the sexual cycles of many species, including those of the ...	2016	27763253
identification and characterization of a novel aspergillus fumigatus rhomboid family putative protease, rbda, involved in hypoxia sensing and virulence.	aspergillus fumigatus is the most common pathogenic mold infecting humans and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a. fumigatus spores are inhaled into the lungs, undergoing germination and invasive hyphal growth. the fungus occludes and disrupts the blood vessels, leading to hypoxia and eventual tissue necrosis. the ability of this mold to adapt to hypoxia is regulated in part by the sterol regulatory element binding ...	2016	27068092
structural divergence of the group i intron binding surface in fungal mitochondrial tyrosyl-trna synthetases that function in rna splicing.	the mitochondrial tyrosyl-trna synthetases (mttyrrss) of pezizomycotina fungi, a subphylum that includes many pathogenic species, are bifunctional proteins that both charge mitochondrial trna(tyr) and act as splicing cofactors for autocatalytic group i introns. previous studies showed that one of these proteins, neurospora crassa cyt-18, binds group i introns by using both its n-terminal catalytic and c-terminal anticodon binding domains and that the catalytic domain uses a newly evolved group i ...	2016	27036943
functional characterization of the woronin body protein wsca of the pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus.	woronin bodies are fungal-specific organelles that seal damaged hyphal compartments and thereby contribute to the stress resistance and virulence of filamentous fungi. in this study, we have characterized the aspergillus fumigatus woronin body protein wsca. wsca is homologous to neurospora crassa wsc, a protein that was shown to be important for biogenesis, segregation and positioning of woronin bodies. wsca and wsc both belong to the mpv17/pmp22 family of peroxisomal membrane proteins. an a. fu ...	2016	27016805
de-repression of csp-1 activates adaptive responses to antifungal azoles.	antifungal azoles are the major drugs that are used to treat fungal infections. this study found that in response to antifungal azole stress, neurospora crassa could activate the transcriptional responses of many genes and increase azole resistance by reducing the level of conidial separation 1 (csp-1), a global transcription repressor, at azole-responsive genes. the expression of csp-1 was directly activated by the transcription factors wc-1 and wc-2. upon ketoconazole (ktc) stress, the transcr ...	2016	26781458
[proteins from neurospora crassa. 2. immunoelectrophoretically detectable proteins and their relationship to growth time].		2016	4973223
isolation, mapping, and characterization of trehalaseless mutants of neurospora crassa.	mutant strains of neurospora crassa that lack trehalase and are unable to grow on trehalose were isolated, and the gene (tre) was positioned on the right arm of linkage group i. maltase and beta-galactosidase activities are almost identical in tre(-) strains, whereas that of invertase was reduced by more than half and those of acid phosphatase and amylase were somewhat increased. heterocaryons between standard and trehalaseless strains yield less than one-tenth the activity of the former. in add ...	2016	5001211
directed evolution of xylose specific transporters to facilitate glucose-xylose co-utilization.	a highly active xylose specific transporter without glucose inhibition is highly desirable in cost-effective production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. however, currently available xylose specific transporters suffer from low overall activity and most are inhibited by glucose. in this study, we applied a directed evolution strategy to engineer the xylose specific transporter an25 from neurospora crassa with improved xylose transportation capacity. after four rounds of directed evolutio ...	2016	26284760
selection of pairings reaching evenly across the data (spread): a simple algorithm to design maximally informative fully crossed mating experiments.	we present a novel algorithm for the design of crossing experiments. the algorithm identifies a set of individuals (a 'crossing-set') from a larger pool of potential crossing-sets by maximizing the diversity of traits of interest, for example, maximizing the range of genetic and geographic distances between individuals included in the crossing-set. to calculate diversity, we use the mean nearest neighbor distance of crosses plotted in trait space. we implement our algorithm on a real dataset of ...	2016	26419337
loss of hp1 causes depletion of h3k27me3 from facultative heterochromatin and gain of h3k27me2 at constitutive heterochromatin.	methylated lysine 27 on histone h3 (h3k27me) marks repressed "facultative heterochromatin," including developmentally regulated genes in plants and animals. the mechanisms responsible for localization of h3k27me are largely unknown, perhaps in part because of the complexity of epigenetic regulatory networks. we used a relatively simple model organism bearing both facultative and constitutive heterochromatin, neurospora crassa, to explore possible interactions between elements of heterochromatin. ...	2016	26537359
repositioning of drugs using open-access data portal dtome: a test case with probenecid (review).	the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis, first introduced by beadle and tatum in the 1940s and based on their genetic analysis and observation of phenotype changes in neurospora crassa challenged by various experimental conditions, has witnessed significant advances in recent decades. much of our understanding of the association between genes and their phenotype expression has benefited from the completion of the human genome project, and has shown continual transformation guided by the effort direct ...	2016	26572802
fungal cobalamin-independent methionine synthase: insights from the model organism, neurospora crassa.	two families of methionine synthases, distinct in catalytic and structural features, have been encountered: meth, the cobalamin-dependent enzyme and mete, the cobalamin-independent form. the mete family is of mechanistic interest due to the chemically challenging nature of the reaction and is a potential target for antifungal therapeutics since the human genome encodes only meth. here we report the identification, purification, and crystal structure of mete from the filamentous fungus neurospora ...	2016	26657067
heterologous expression of a gh3 β-glucosidase from neurospora crassa in pichia pastoris with high purity and its application in the hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone glycosides.	previous studies have shown isoflavone aglycones to have more biological effects than their counterparts, isoflavone glycones. some β-glucosidases can hydrolyze isoflavone glucosides to release aglycones, and discovery of these has attracted great interest. a glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 3 β-glucosidase (bgl2) gene from neurospora crassa was heterologously expressed in pichia pastoris with high purity. the recombinant bgl2 enzyme displayed its highest activity at ph 5.0 and 60 °c, and had its ...	2016	26596358
genome-wide a-to-i rna editing in fungi independent of adar enzymes.	yeasts and filamentous fungi do not have adenosine deaminase acting on rna (adar) orthologs and are believed to lack a-to-i rna editing, which is the most prevalent editing of mrna in animals. however, during this study with the puk1(fgrres_01058) pseudokinase gene important for sexual reproduction in fusarium graminearum, we found that two tandem stop codons, ua(1831)gua(1834)g, in its kinase domain were changed to ug(1831)gug(1834)g by rna editing in perithecia. to confirm a-to-i editing of pu ...	2016	26934920
the tetraspanin tsp3 of neurospora crassa is a vacuolar membrane protein and shares characteristics with idi proteins.	the fungal vacuole is an organelle, which adopts pleiotropic morphologies and functions. in aging and starving hyphae it is the compartment of degradation and recycling of cellular constituents. here we identified tsp3, one of three tetraspanins present in the filamentous ascomycete fungus neurospora crassa, as a vacuolar membrane protein. the protein is detected only in aging and starving cultures and under other conditions, which induce autophagy, such as vegetative incompatibility or the pres ...	2016	26908649
the calmodulin gene in neurospora crassa is required for normal vegetative growth, ultraviolet survival, and sexual development.	we isolated a neurospora crassa mutant of the calmodulin (cmd) gene using repeat-induced point mutation and studied its phenotypes. the cmd (rip) mutant showed a defect in growth, reduced aerial hyphae, decreased carotenoid accumulation, a severe reduction in viability upon ultraviolet (uv) irradiation, and a fertility defect. moreover, meiotic silencing of the cmd gene resulted in a barren phenotype. in addition, we also performed site-directed mutational analysis of the calcium/calmodulin-depe ...	2016	27888323
glucose starvation alters heat shock response, leading to death of wild type cells and survival of map kinase signaling mutant.	a moderate heat shock induces neurospora crassa to synthesize large quantities of heat shock proteins that are protective against higher, otherwise lethal temperatures. however, wild type cells do not survive when carbohydrate deprivation is added to heat shock. in contrast, a mutant strain defective in a stress-activated protein kinase does survive the combined stresses. in order to understand the basis for this difference in survival, we have determined the relative levels of detected proteins ...	2016	27870869
normal chromosome conformation depends on subtelomeric facultative heterochromatin in neurospora crassa.	high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (hi-c) analyses revealed that the 3d structure of the neurospora crassa genome is dominated by intra- and interchromosomal links between regions of heterochromatin, especially constitutive heterochromatin. elimination of trimethylation of lysine 9 on histone h3 (h3k9me3) or its binding partner heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1)-both prominent features of constitutive heterochromatin-have little effect on the hi-c pattern. it remained possible that di- ...	2016	27856763
hyphal ontogeny in neurospora crassa: a model organism for all seasons.	filamentous fungi have proven to be a better-suited model system than unicellular yeasts in analyses of cellular processes such as polarized growth, exocytosis, endocytosis, and cytoskeleton-based organelle traffic. for example, the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa develops a variety of cellular forms. studying the molecular basis of these forms has led to a better, yet incipient, understanding of polarized growth. polarity factors as well as rho gtpases, septins, and a localized delivery of ...	2016	27990280
cations optimization for protein enrichment in rice straw by mixed cultures of neurospora crassa 14-8 and candida utilis using response surface methodology.	this study investigated the effect of cation optimization by mixed cultures of neurospora crassa and candida utilis on the true protein (tp) content. firstly, to enhance the nutritional contents of rice straw (rs), two fermentation parameters (effect of inoculation ratio and inoculation time) were optimized. it was found that when c. utilis was inoculated 60 h later than n. crassa with the inoculation ratio of 1:5 (n. crassa to c. utilis), the maximum tp yield was obtained. in order to further o ...	2016	27987187
antisense transcription licenses nascent transcripts to mediate transcriptional gene silencing.	in eukaryotes, antisense transcription can regulate sense transcription by induction of epigenetic modifications. we showed previously that antisense transcription triggers dicer-independent sirna (disirna) production and disirna locus dna methylation (dldm) in neurospora crassa here we show that the conserved exonuclease eri-1 (enhanced rnai-1) is a critical component in this process. antisense transcription and eri-1 binding to target rnas are necessary and sufficient to trigger dldm. converge ...	2016	27856616
[influence of oxygenated derivatives of linoleic and linolenic acids on the formation of conidia and protoperithecia in wild-type and photoreceptor complex mutants of neurospora crassa].	the regulatory effect of two oxyderivatives of unsaturated fatty acids (oxylipins), 18-hydroxy-(9z,12z)-octadecadienoic acid (18-hode) and 18-(9z,12z,15z)-octadecatrienoic acid (18-hotre), on the sexual and asexual sporulation of wild-type neurospora crassa strains and wc-1 and wc-1 mutants was studied. in the wild-type strain, 18-hode, unlike 18-hotre, stimulated protoperithecia formation in the dark and in the light. in the same strain, the studied oxylipins influenced conidiagenesis only unde ...	2016	26859959
de novo rna synthesis by rna-dependent rna polymerase activity of telomerase reverse transcriptase.	rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) plays key roles in rna silencing to generate double-stranded rnas. in model organisms, such as caenorhabditis elegans and neurospora crassa, two types of small interfering rnas (sirnas), primary sirnas and secondary sirnas, are expressed; rdrp produces secondary sirnas de novo, without using either dicer or primers, while primary sirnas are processed by dicer. we reported that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert) has rdrp activity and produces endogen ...	2016	26830230
meiotic recombination in neurospora crassa proceeds by two pathways with extensive holliday junction migration.	analysis of thousands of δmsh-2 octads using our fluorescent recombination system indicates that, as in other filamentous fungi, symmetric heteroduplex is common in the his-3 region of neurospora crassa. symmetric heteroduplex arises from holliday junction migration, and we suggest this mechanism explains the high frequency of his+ spores in heteroallelic crosses in which recombination is initiated cis to the his-3 allele further from the initiator, cog+. in contrast, when recombination is initi ...	2016	26812651
localization and role of myo-1, an endocytic protein in hyphae of neurospora crassa.	the subapical endocytic collar is a prominent feature of hyphae of neurospora crassa. it comprises a dynamic collection of actin patches associated with a number of proteins required for endocytosis, namely, arp-2/3 complex, fimbrin, coronin, etc. we presently show that myo-1 is another key component of this endocytic collar. a myo-1 sequence was identified in the genome of n. crassa and used it to generate a strain with a myo-1-sgfp allele under the ccg1 promoter. examination of living hyphae b ...	2016	26805950
antifungal mechanisms of a plant defensin mtdef4 are not conserved between the ascomycete fungi neurospora crassa and fusarium graminearum.	defensins play an important role in plant defense against fungal pathogens. the plant defensin, mtdef4, inhibits growth of the ascomycete fungi, neurospora crassa and fusarium graminearum, at micromolar concentrations. we have reported that mtdef4 is transported into the cytoplasm of these fungi and exerts its antifungal activity on intracellular targets. here, we have investigated whether the antifungal mechanisms of mtdef4 are conserved in these fungi. we show that n. crassa and f. graminearum ...	2016	26801962
the lsh/ddm1 homolog mus-30 is required for genome stability, but not for dna methylation in neurospora crassa.	lsh/ddm1 enzymes are required for dna methylation in higher eukaryotes and have poorly defined roles in genome maintenance in yeast, plants, and animals. the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa is a tractable system that encodes a single lsh/ddm1 homolog (ncu06306). we report that the neurospora lsh/ddm1 enzyme is encoded by mutagen sensitive-30 (mus-30), a locus identified in a genetic screen over 25 years ago. we show that mus-30-deficient cells have normal dna methylation, but are hypersensi ...	2016	26771905
o-glycan analysis of cellobiohydrolase i from neurospora crassa.	we describe here the composition of the o-linked glycans on the neurospora crassa cellobiohydrolase i (cbhi), which accounts for approximately 40% of the protein secreted by cells growing in the presence of cellulose. cbhi is o-glycosylated with six types of linear, and three types of branched, o-glycans containing approximately equal amounts of mannose and galactose. in addition to the classic fungal o-glycans with reducing end mannoses, we also identified reducing end galactoses which suggest ...	2016	26762173
neurospora crassa transcriptomics reveals oxidative stress and plasma membrane homeostasis biology genes as key targets in response to chitosan.	chitosan is a natural polymer with antimicrobial activity. chitosan causes plasma membrane permeabilization and induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ros) in neurospora crassa. we have determined the transcriptional profile of n. crassa to chitosan and identified the main gene targets involved in the cellular response to this compound. global network analyses showed membrane, transport and oxidoreductase activity as key nodes affected by chitosan. activation of oxidative metabolism ...	2016	26694141
identification of critical amino acid residues and functional conservation of the neurospora crassa and rattus norvegicus orthologues of neuronal calcium sensor-1.	neuronal calcium sensor-1 (ncs-1) is a member of neuronal calcium sensor family of proteins consisting of an amino terminal myristoylation domain and four conserved calcium (ca(2+)) binding ef-hand domains. we performed site-directed mutational analysis of three key amino acid residues that are glycine in the conserved site for the n-terminal myristoylation, a conserved glutamic acid residue responsible for ca(2+) binding in the third ef-hand (ef3), and an unusual non-conserved amino acid argini ...	2016	27796528
accumulation of specific sterol precursors targets a map kinase cascade mediating cell-cell recognition and fusion.	sterols are vital components of eukaryotic cell membranes. defects in sterol biosynthesis, which result in the accumulation of precursor molecules, are commonly associated with cellular disorders and disease. however, the effects of these sterol precursors on the metabolism, signaling, and behavior of cells are only poorly understood. in this study, we show that the accumulation of only ergosterol precursors with a conjugated double bond in their aliphatic side chain specifically disrupts cell-c ...	2016	27708165