Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| otomycosis: a survey in the eastern province of saudi arabia. | the eastern province of saudi arabia is characterized by a high perennial relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. one hundred and forty-eight cases clinically suspected of being otomycotic were examined by culture over a period of 13 months; 120 gave positive results and yielded 131 fungal isolates, of which 110 were single infections and 10 mixed infections of two or more fungi. a. niger was the most common (51.15%), then a. flavus (18.32%) penicillium notatum (5.34%), c. albicans and a. te ... | 1978 | 712219 |
| uptake and metabolism of alpha-aminoadipic acid by penicillium chrysogenum wis 54-1255. | the uptake of 1-14c-dl-alpha-aminoadipate in resting mycelium of penicillium chrysogenum wis 54-1255 and its metabolism during benzylpenicillin formation were studied. the ph optimum for uptake at 25 degrees c was 6.4. over a range of concentrations from 0.01--1.0 mm, approximately 45% of 1-14c-dl-alpha-aminoadipate was taken up by carbon-starved mycelium. 14co2 was formed at a low rate, and the total formed amounted to only 1--3% of the 1-14c-dl-alpha-aminoadipate supplied. the intracellular po ... | 1978 | 31148 |
| mechanism of the antimicrobial action of pyrithione: effects on membrane transport, atp levels, and protein synthesis. | pyrithione is a general inhibitor of membrane transport processes in fungi. a brief preincubation of penicillium mycelia with pyrithione resulted in a marked decrease in the activities of a variety of independently regulated transport systems, including those for inorganic sulfate, inorganic phosphate, methylamine (actually, the nh(4) (+) permease), choline-o-sulfate, glucose, l-methionine (a specific system), and several hydrophobic l-alpha-amino acids (the general amino acid permease). the deg ... | 1978 | 28693 |
| enzymatic degradation by the sera of various animal species of penicillium chrysogenum mycophage double-stranded rna. | 1978 | 102327 | |
| [paramagnetic properties of the conidial pigments of aspergillus niger and penicillium notatum fungi isolated from the mesosphere]. | the conidia of aspergillus niger and penicillium notatum detected in the upper atmospheric layers of the earth (58--77 km) were found to contain stable paramagnetic centres (pmc) at concentrations of 0.2 x 10(18) and 1.6 x 10(18) per gram of dry biomass, respectively. aspergillin, the black pigment of asp. niger, was shown to have (0.1--0.6) x 10(18) pmc per gram of dry substance (depending on the fraction). stable paramagnetism of the conidial pigments with respect to their active protecting ac ... | 1978 | 213700 |
| identification of antibiotics of iturin group in various strains of bacillus subtilis. | thirty eight strains of b. subtilis were tested for the presence of antifungal antibiotics of the iturin group. the characterization of these antibiotics was made on the basis of: antifungal activity against p. chrysogenum, isolation and purification of the active substance, quantitative analysis of alpha-aminoacids and identification of the liposoluble dipeptide obtained by partial hydrolysis. the only antibiotics of the iturin group found were: iturin a, mycosubtilin and bacillomycin l. | 1978 | 96084 |
| development and evaluation of a potency index screen for detecting mutants of penicillium chrysogenum having increased penicillin yield. | 1978 | 100486 | |
| mycotoxins in foodstuffs. xii. the influence of the water activity (a-w) of cakes on the growth of moulds and the formation of mycotoxins. | the influence of various a-w values (high, moderate and low, e.g. 0.92, 0.87, and 0.82) of cakes ("rührkuchen", made of wheat flour, sugar, eggs, fat and water) on the development and the mycotoxin production of aspergillus flavus (aflatoxins), a. versicolor (sterigmatocystin), a. ochraceus (ochratoxin a), penicillium chrysogenum (citrinin) and p. expansum (patulin) was investigated. none of the moulds was able to germinate at an a-w of 0.82. an increase of the water activity resulted in a prono ... | 1978 | 105507 |
| effects of lysine analogs on penicillium chrysogenum. | [this corrects the article on p. 706 in vol. 34.]. | 1978 | 16345287 |
| microorganisms of the upper layer of the atmosphere and the protective role of their cell pigments. | of the six species of microorganisms isolated from the mesosphere, five contained pigments and were more resistant to uv radiation compared with their pigment-free mutants. the black pigment isolated from the conidia of aspergillus niger considerably increased the uv resistance of the unpigmented mutant conidia of penicillium notatum, the spore circinella muscae and the vegetative cells of micrococcus albus. from the data it is possible to conclude that in the upper layers of the earth's atmosph ... | 1979 | 12296351 |
| growth of fungi in nacl-mgso4 brines. | long-term studies have shown that common fungi of the penicillium-aspergillus group can be grown in a variety of brines or on moist salt crystals, simulating a range of natural terrestrial habitats such as salt flats, or special water-bodies such as the dead sea. in general, salt media rich in kcl are favored over other alkali halides; the media become more selective as the salt concentration rises and nutrient requirements become more complex. we here demonstrate that media which resemble the d ... | 1979 | 12296355 |
| influence of fatty acids on some microorganisms. | 1979 | 108863 | |
| binding of messenger rna in initiation of eukaryotic translation. | 1979 | 110999 | |
| the site of benzyl penicillin accumulation in penicillium chrysogenum. | benzyl penicillin was localized in cells of penicillium chrysogenum by means of enzymatical and immunological methods, enabling the determination of minute amounts of penicillin. the reactions were performed on ultrathin sections. they allow to determine the antibiotic inside of the cells. the results indicate that benzyl penicillin is present in the vesicles belonging to the golgi apparatus. benzyl penicillin is transported from the cytoplasm outside the cell membrane by the golgi vesicles. | 1979 | 120750 |
| the ultrastructure of penicillium chrysogenum in the course of benzyl-penicillin biosynthesis. | the find structures of high- and low-yield mutants of penicillium chrysogenum, producing 100 and 10,000 units/ml of penicillin g, were compared. the cells of both mutants demonstrated a typical eukaryotic ultrastructure. in the cytoplasm nuclei, mitochondira, lipid bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi vesicles were observed. in the cells of high-yield mutant, during the biosynthesis of penicillin, the number of lipid bodies decreased. it is possible that the lipids are metabolized in the pro ... | 1979 | 120749 |
| lysine regulation of penicillin biosynthesis in low-producing and industrial strains of penicillium chrysogenum. | the inhibitory effect of l-lysine on penicillin biosynthesis by penicillium chrysogenum has been compared in a low-producing strain (wis. 54-1255) and a high-producing strain (asp-78). lysine inhibited total penicillin synthesis to a similar extent in both strains. however, in the high-producing strain the onset of penicillin synthesis occurred even at a high lysine concentration, whereas in the low-producing strain lysine had to be depleted before penicillin production commenced. | 1979 | 119032 |
| [physicochemical characteristics of the penicillium-bacterial virus type 5 and its nucleic acid]. | physico-chemical characteristics of pbv-5 virus and its nucleic acid were studied. morphologically, the virus is a rectilinear polyhedron 270 a in diameter, without a process. the sedimentation constant of a virus particle is 117s, the buoyant density of the virus in cesium chloride density is 1.437 g/cm3. as shown by qualitative reactions with orcinol and diphenylamine, the virus contains dna. the viral dna preparation in cscl gradient solution showed the buoyant density 1.719 g/cm3. electron m ... | 1979 | 118588 |
| genetic and biochemical studies of mutants of penicillium chrysogenum impaired in penicillin production. | seventy-eight mutants of penicillium chrysogenum strain nrrl 1951, that were impaired in penicillin production, were isolated following treatment with various mutagens. twelve that yielded about 10% of their parental penicillin titre were studied in detail. analyses of heterozygous diploids formed between them revealed the existence of at least five complementation groups with respect to penicillin production--v, w, x, y and z. most mutants belonged to group y. a biochemical investigation of the ... | 1979 | 113485 |
| [physiological role of fats in the process of penicillin biosynthesis]. | the level of penicillin production in the presence of whale oil was shown to be higher. the stimulating effect of the oil was connected with accumulation of large biomass rather than with its specific effect on the biosynthesis. at the beginning of the process the oil eliminated the biomass accumulation lag-phase connected with beta-galactosidase repression by glucose. during the second part of the fermentation process the oil acclerated the culture growth in the presence of lactose. the rate of ... | 1979 | 107853 |
| adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum. evidence for essential arginine, histidine, and tyrosine residues. | 1979 | 107174 | |
| penicillin g production by immobilized whole cells of penicillium chrysogenum. | penicillium chrysogenum was immobilized in polyacrylamide gel prepared from 5% acrylamide monomers (85% acrylamide and 15% n,n'-methylene bisacrylamide). penicillin produced from glucose by the immobilized mycelium was 17% of that produced by washed mycelium. however, the activity of penicillin production of the washed mycelium decreased with repeated use. on the other hand, the activity of the immobilized mycelium increased initially and decreased gradually with repeated use. the rate of oxygen ... | 1979 | 106905 |
| atp sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum: is the internal level of the enzyme sufficient to account for the rate of sulfate utilization? | the in vivo rate of sulfate activation in penicillium chrysogenum (wild-type strain atcc 24791) was determined to be 0.19 +/- 0.09 mumol g(-1) (dry weight) min(-1) by the following methods. (i) the maximum growth of the organism in synthetic medium was a linear function of the initial na(2)so(4) concentration between 0 and 8 x 10(-4) na(2)so(4). the growth yield was 1.64 x 10(-2) g (dry weight) of mycelium per mumol of added sulfate, corresponding to a minimum sulfur requirement of 61 mumol/g (d ... | 1979 | 104967 |
| use of an immobilized penicillinase electrode in the monitoring of the penicillin fermentation. | 1979 | 44848 | |
| [penicillin biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism in penicillium chrysogenum in experiments with washed mycelium]. | the study of the amino acid metabolism in penicillium chrysogenum with the use of washed mycelium showed that the amount of the free intracellular amino acids significantly decreased during the process of penicillin production. still, such a decrease did not cover the nitrogen requirements of the culture for the antibiotic synthesis and mobilization of the protein nitrogen took place. by the end of the process the amount of the protein nitrogen markedly decreased. at the same time alpha-amino ni ... | 1979 | 41476 |
| [biosynthesis of penicillin upon periodic culturing of penicillium chrysogenum with an exponentially increasing glucose supply]. | penicillium chrysogenum was cultivated under controlled conditions and at constant specific growth rates regulated by glucose supply. the rate of penicillin synthesis (units/mg dry weight.hr) and pattern of time changes of the synthesizing capacity of the culture depended on the specific growth rate (hr-1). the arrest of penicillin synthesis was induced by the inherent changes of the culture rather than by external factors, e.g. use of substrates, changed limitation, accumulation of inhibitory m ... | 1979 | 95828 |
| degradation of lignocellulosic material and humus formation by fungi. | cellulase activity and degradation of cellulose and lignin in wheat straw and formation of humus during degradation by aspergillus sp., chaetomium globosum, fusarium solani, paecilomyces varioti, penicillium chrysogenum and trichoderma viride qm9414 were studied. c. globosum, f. solani, p. varioti and p. chrysogenum produced little or no cellulase when grown on cellulose powder. however, all produced cellulase (filter paper degrading activity) when grown on wheat straw. all the cultures degraded ... | 1979 | 507620 |
| kinetic and chemical properties of atp sulphurylase from penicillin chrysogenum. | adenosine triphosphate sulphurylase (atp: sulfate adenylyltransferase, ec 2.7.7.4.) has been purified from the filamentous fungus. penicillium chrysogenum, and characterized physically, kinetically, and chemically. the p. chrysogenum enzyme is an octomer (mol. wt. 440 000) composed of eight identical subunits (mol. wt. 55 000). some physical constants are s20,w = 13.0 x 10(-13)s, d20,w = 2.94 x 10(-7) cm2 x s-1, v = 0.733 cm3 x g-1, a1%1cm = 8.71 at 278 nm. the enzyme catalyses (a) the synthesis ... | 1979 | 232997 |
| in vitro actions of some antibiotics on phospholipases. | the effects of some antibiotics on activities of phospholipase a2, b and c were investigated in vitro. tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicol and carbenicillin inhibited the activity of crotalus adamanteus phospholipase a2 towards phospholipids of egg-yolk emulsions. when the ability to inhibit the activity of penicillium notatum phospholipase b towards mixed micelles of phosphatidylcholine and triton x-100 was investigated, polymyxin b was found to be inhibitory while chloramphenicol and ca ... | 1979 | 541266 |
| biosynthesis of penicillins and cephalosporins in cell-free systems. | 1980 | 6109332 | |
| guanyl-specific ribonuclease from the fungus penicillium chrysogenum strain 152 and its complex with guanosine 3'-phosphate studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. | the method of proton magnetic resonance was used to obtain information on the active site of the guanyl-specific ribonuclease from penicillium chrysogenum, strain 152a. four ph-dependent signals in the aromatic region of the proton nmr spectrum of the enzyme were assigned to the c-2 and c-4 protons of the two histidine residues. to determine the pk values and the environment of the histidine residues the ph dependence of their chemical shifts was studied and experimental curves thus obtained wer ... | 1980 | 6250840 |
| [role of microorganisms in the destruction of spodumene]. | a broad spectrum of microorganisms has been shown to be involved in the destruction of spodumene, a typical mineral of lithium pegmatites. the following microorganisms are most active: the microscopic fungi penicillium notatum and aspergillus niger, the thiobacilli thiobacillus thiooxidans, and the so-called "silicate" slime forming bacterium bacillus micilaginosus n. sp. siliceus. spodumene destruction is accompanied with lithium, aluminium and silicon being transferred into solution. the activ ... | 1980 | 6995818 |
| genetics of penicillin titre in lines of aspergillus nidulans selected through recurrent mutagenesis. | genetic analyses of mutations for increased penicillin titre were carried out on two strains of aspergillus nidulans isolated after independent programmes of recurrent mutation and selection, similar to those used industrially for strain improvement. both selected strains were stable in terms of colony morphology and penicillins titre. backcrosses to the unselected ancestor indicated that the increased yield of each strain was due to an induced polygenic system with both additive and non-additiv ... | 1980 | 7019390 |
| studies on the biosynthesis of isopenicillin n with a cell-free preparation of penicillium chrysogenum. | when delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine was added to a cell-free system prepared by lysis of penicillium chrysogenum protoplasts, "compounds x and y" were detected after analysis on a cation-exchange column. the chromatographic position as well as results of experiments with double labelled tripeptides showed "compound x" to be the penicilloic acid of isopenicillin n. lld-tripeptide labelled with tritium at carbon-2 of th valine part was incorporated into isopenicillin n with reten ... | 1980 | 6773915 |
| [nitrogen metabolism characteristics of p. chrysogenum in relation to penicillin biosynthesis]. | quantitative correlation between the nitrogen level in the mycelium of p. chrysogenum and biosynthesis of penicillin was shown. with an increase in the nitrogen level of the mycelium, its productivity with respect to the formation of the antibiotic also increased. the high level of nitrogen in the mycelium is an obligatory but not sufficient parameter characterizing the penicillin production capacity of the mycelium. the content of acid soluble compounds in the mycelium was found to be important ... | 1980 | 6775587 |
| inhibition and repression of homocitrate synthase by lysine in penicillium chrysogenum. | homocitrate synthase in the first enzyme of the lysine biosynthetic pathway. it is feedback regulated by l-lysine. lysine decreases the biosynthesis of penicillin (determined by the incorporation of [14c]valine into penicillin) by inhibiting and repressing homocitrate synthase, thereby depriving the cell of alpha-aminoadipic acid, a precursor of penicillin. lysine feedback inhibited in vivo the biosynthesis and excretion of homocitrate by a lysine auxotroph, l2, blocked in the lysine pathway aft ... | 1980 | 6777369 |
| association of 6-oxo-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid with penicillin v. production on penicillium chrysogenum fermentations. | analysis of a 13c nmr spectrum of a concentrated broth from penicillium chrysogenum fermentation revealed the presence of penicillin v and 6-oxo-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid(1) as the principal constituents. the latter lactam, identical to an authentic sample prepared by the cyclization of alpha-aminoadipic acid was present to the extent of 28 mol% of penicillin v. the lactam isolated form the broth was nearly racemic, having a slight excess of the l-isomer. this isolation provides further evide ... | 1980 | 6788737 |
| a novel purification procedure for penicillium notatum phospholipase b and evidence for a modification of phospholipase b activity by the action of an endogenous protease. | the purification of penicillium notatum phospholipase b was greatly improved using phosphatidylserine-ah sepharose 4b affinity chromatography. this chromatography simplified the procedure, stabilized the enzyme activity and gave six-fold higher yields and two-fold higher specific activity for the enzyme than the previous method (kawasaki, n. and saito, k. (1973) biochim. biophys. acta 296, 426-430). during purification, it was found that an endogenous protease attacked phospholipase b and produc ... | 1980 | 6986916 |
| studies of a phospholipase b from penicillium notatum: substrate specificity and properties of active site. | 1980 | 7236649 | |
| [preparation and properties of immobilized glucose oxidase]. | glucose oxidase from penicillium notatum was immobilized by covalent, adsorptive or ion exchange attachment to insoluble carriers. the yields of immobilization using spherons, deae-sephadex, deae-cellulose and porous glass carriers are compared. methods used for the estimation of kinetic parameters km and kcat are described and results obtained for god in solution and in immobilized form are given. investigations about the dependence of the enzymatic activity on ph, temperature and storage serve ... | 1980 | 7245983 |
| purification of phospholipase b from penicillium notatum by hydrophobic chromatography on palmitoyl cellulose. | phospholipase b (lysolecithin acyl-hydrolase, ec 3.1.1.5) from the mycelia of penicillium notatum (institute for fermentation, osaka, japan; no.4640) was adsorbed from a crude solution to palmitoyl cellulose. adsorption was efficient at ph 4 at low ionic strength (10 mm buffer), and at ph 4-9 at higher ionic strength (1-2m nacl in 10 mm buffer). the adsorbed enzyme was eluted from the cellulose with a suitable detergent, such as adekatol so-120, triton x-100, or deoxycholate. as an application o ... | 1980 | 7373159 |
| [mould allergy (author's transl)]. | 290 asthmatic patients with positive skin tests for mould allergens were analyzed retrospectively. the relationship between skin test and inhalative provocation test was investigated with regard to single allergens and polyvalent mould sensitivity. with 4 commercially available moulds the relationship between skin test, provocation test and rast was investigated too. alternaria alternata occupies a special position. tests with alternaria alternata, aureobasidium pullulans, penicillium notatum, f ... | 1980 | 7395259 |
| [prolonged storage of fungal culture collections on agarized media]. | the study of the efficacy of storage of 300 fungal cultures on agarized media with repeated passages showed that the survival level of the fungi stored with this method may serve an additional biological characteristics for some species: penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium sclerotiorum and others. when the fungi were stored on agarized media with repeated passages for a prolonged period of time, there were observed lower levels of sporulation, sclerotia formation and pigmentation in some cultur ... | 1980 | 7356295 |
| alteration of acrylonitrile-methylacrylate-butadiene terpolymer by nocardia rhodochrous and penicillium notatum. | [c]barex-210, a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, methylacrylate, and butadiene, was tested for bioconversion. powdered samples of polymer, each specifically c labeled at different carbon atoms of the polymer, were incubated with either nocardia rhodochrous or penicillium notatum in an enriched growth medium for various periods of time. after 6 months of incubation, the c-labeled polymer was transformed from a high-molecular-weight material completely soluble in dimethyl formamide (dmf) into both a l ... | 1980 | 16345541 |
| effects of salts and temperatures on post-irradiation growth of penicillium exposed to ultraviolet. | the growth of penicillium notatum colonies after uv irradiation of dried mycelium or spores was studied in relation to post-irradiation temperature and salt environment. dried mycelium and spores behaved differently with respect to sensitivity to temperature, salts and uv, especially the latter. threshold inhibitory doses for spores were modified markedly either at 4 degrees c or in magnesium and calcium chlorides. it is suggested that these temperature and salt effects are related to prevent ... | 1981 | 11541717 |
| the prevalence of immediate positive skin tests in nepalese children. | two hundred and ninety-three normal schoolchildren between 5 and 15 years old living in the hills of eastern nepal were tested by the skin prick method for sensitivity to six allergens: dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, aspergillus fumigatus. cladosporium herbarum, penicillium notatum, mixed pollens and mixed threshings. these children were also questioned and examined for symptoms and signs relating to allergic disease. of the children, 20% were skin-prick positive to at least one of the allergen ... | 1981 | 7249341 |
| nitrate reductase from penicillium chrysogenum. purification and kinetic mechanism. | nitrate reductase (nadph:nitrate oxidoreductase; ec 1.6.6.1-3) was purified to apparent homogeneity from mycelium of penicillium chrysogenum. the final preparation catalyzed the nadph-dependent, fad-mediated reduction of nitrate with a specific activity of 170-225 units x mg of protein-1. gel filtration and glycerol density centrifugation yielded, respectively, a stokes radius of 6.3 nm and an s20,w of 7.4. the molecular weight was calculated to be 199,000. on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, the en ... | 1981 | 6790545 |
| [ratio of the mutation spectrum to the physiological state of the penicillium chrysogenum cell. auxotrophic mutations induced by n-nitroso-n-methylbiuret in exposure at different stages of dna replication]. | the effect of uv light on activated conidia of penicillium chrysogenum, strain 39 was studied. it was found that the spectrum of the auxotrophic mutations induced by uv light during replication of dna changed with the dose of the mutagen and was specific to every dose. the schemes of predominating mutation induction during dna replication under the effect of 2 doses of uv light were developed. | 1981 | 6794440 |
| [penicillin formation by biochemical mutants of penicillium chrysogenum and their spontaneous revertants]. | the capacity for the antibiotic production in the auxotrophs of penicillium chrysogenum with various deficiency and their revertants was studied. it was found that the capacity for penicillin synthesis was impaired to various degrees in the majority of the auxotrophs. variants with the penicillin production levels by 13--20 per cent higher than those in the initial prototrophic strain were isolated for the first time in selection of the eukaryotes with the method of obtaining highly active rever ... | 1981 | 6794441 |
| [ratio of the mutation spectrum to the physiological state of the penicillium chrysogenum cell. auxotrophic mutations induced by uv rays at different stages of dna replication]. | the spectrum of the mutations obtained with exposure of nonactivated spores of pen. chrysogenum to n-nitrozo-n-methylbiuret (nmb) was studied and it was shown that the mutations associated with blocking of amino acid synthesis predominated. when activated spores of pen. chrysogenum were treated with the mutagen, correlation was observed between the spectrum of the induced mutations, the physiological state of the cells and the exposure time. it is supposed that the mutagen molecule affects the r ... | 1981 | 6794442 |
| role of the carbohydrate moiety of phospholipase b from penicillium notatum in enzyme activity. | 1981 | 6795998 | |
| denaturation and renaturation of penicillium chrysogenum mycophage double-stranded ribonucleic acid in tetraalkylammonium salt solutions. | the base composition dependence of double-stranded ribonucleic acid (rna) melting was studied by observing the structure and widths of melting transitions for penicillium chrysogenum mycophage rna as well as differences in melting temperatures of two rnas of different base composition. double-stranded rna melting is independent of base compositions in 3.5 m et4ncl and 4.6 m me4ncl, where the melting temperatures are 25 and 92 degrees c, respectively. double-stranded rna renaturation rate constan ... | 1981 | 6788075 |
| the effect of bacterial and fungal phospholipids on immune response to sheep erythrocytes and e. coli lipopolysaccharide. | the effect of phospholipids extracted from some bacteria and fungi on the response of mice to sheep erythrocytes and e. coli lipopolysaccharide has been studied. the phospholipids from staphylococcus aureus. streptococcus faecalis, bacillus subtilis and aspergillus fumigatus augmented the humoral immune response to both antigens studied. the phospholipids from asp. fumigatus, str. faecalis and candida albicans stimulated mouse b lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. on the other hand, none of the p ... | 1981 | 6982033 |
| the effect of bacterial and fungal phospholipids on the activity of macrophages. | the effect of some bacterial and fungal phospholipids on the functions of macrophage in mice was studied. it has been found that in animals injected with phospholipids from staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, bacillus subtilis and aspergillus fumigatus the population of macrophages with increased phagocytic and microbicidal activity appeared. the phospholipids from cryptococcus neoformans and penicillium notatum did not affect the activity of macrophages. administration of the candida ... | 1981 | 7347586 |
| the microbiology of spent mushroom compost and its dust. | microorganisms in spent steamed mushroom compost and its dust were enumerated, and identified. some phase ii (indoor composting) compost samples were also examined. steaming of spent compost resulted in a 70-76% reduction in microbial numbers. total counts made with compost fusion agar were approximately two logs greater than those for nutrient agar. the most common bacterial isolate was bacillus licheniformis. the most common actinomycete isolates were streptomyces diastaticus and thermoactinom ... | 1981 | 7197578 |
| [extracellular rnaase pch2 of penicillium chrysogenum 152a: purification, specificity and physico-chemical properties]. | acid rnaase pch2 was isolated from a filtrate of the cultural fluid of the fungus penicillium chrysogenum 152a and purified to homogeneity. an analysis of rnaase pch2 action on rna and synthetic substrates showed that the enzyme can be attributed to non-specific true ribonucleases (ribonucleate-3'-oligo-nucleotide hydrolase, ec 3.1.4.23). the maximal effect of the enzyme on rna is observe at ph 4.5 and 55 degree. the rnaase pch2 is not activated by bivalent metal ions, p-chloromercurybenzoate or ... | 1981 | 6272882 |
| [new method of isolating subcellular structures of the strain penicillium chrysogenum pq-66]. | 1981 | 6792435 | |
| intergeneric cosynthesis of penicillin by strains of penicillium chrysogenum, p. chrysogenum/notatum and aspergillus nidulans. | a number of mutants impaired in penicillin production have previously been isolated from penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus nidulans. during cofermentation of osmotically fragile mycelia derived from these strains, in the presence of inhibitors of cell wall regeneration, intergeneric cosynthesis has been demonstrated between mutants which are probably impaired in different parts of th penicillin biosynthetic pathway. | 1981 | 6798163 |
| [localization of various stages of penicillin g biosynthesis in the subcellular structures of penicillium chrysogenum pq-96]. | 1981 | 6115997 | |
| ds rnas from natural sources: induction of interferon and toxicity in baboons and man. | 1981 | 6184799 | |
| microbial transformations of 7,2-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. | microbial transformations of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in cultures of pseudomonas aeruginosa and penicillium notatum were studied by high performance liquid chromatographic separation of metabolic fractions followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the metabolites. two methyl-hydroxylated metabolites were identified in each of the incubations. the metabolic activation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon suggests a poss ... | 1981 | 6784676 |
| penicillium chrysogenum endophthalmitis. | 1981 | 6787430 | |
| cellular and extracellular siderophores of aspergillus nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum. | aspergillus nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum produce specific cellular siderophores in addition to the well-known siderophores of the culture medium. since this was found previously in neurospora crassa, it is probably generally true for filamentous ascomycetes. the cellular siderophore of a. nidulans is ferricrocin; that of p. chrysogenum is ferrichrome. a. nidulans also contains triacetylfusigen, a siderophore without apparent biological activity. conidia of both species lose siderophores ... | 1981 | 6242827 |
| the microbiological production of pharmaceuticals. | 1981 | 6116278 | |
| induction of penicillin biosynthesis by l-glutamate in penicillium chrysogenum. | 1982 | 6124245 | |
| interferon induction and macrophage activation by a mycovirus double-stranded rna/tobramycin complex following treatment with human serum. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) molecules, generally effective inducers of interferon (ifn), have a weak potency in man apparently because of the presence of a serum rnaase which quickly inactivates extracellular dsrna. we have discovered that tobramycin, an aminoglycoside, protects penicillium chrysogenum mycovirus dsrna (pcmdsrna) from the degradative action of the nuclease. exposure of the dsrna/tobramycin complex to human serum results in some degradation, but still permits the production of sig ... | 1982 | 6183374 |
| extracellular siderophores of rapidly growing aspergillus nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum. | the highly active extracellular siderophores previously detected in young cultures of aspergillus nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum have been identified as the cyclic ester fusigen (fusarinine c), and its open-chain form, fusigen b (fusarinine b). | 1982 | 6461636 |
| automation in penicillin fermentation. | 1982 | 6820362 | |
| synthesis and biological activity of some new 3,6-dinitro-1:8-naphthaloyl- and 3,6-diamino-1:8-naphthaloylamino acids and dipeptide derivatives. | synthesis of a series of 3,6-dinitro-1:8-naphthaloylamino acids (ii-ix) and some of their corresponding methyl esters (x-xvi) and 3,6-diamino-1:8-naphthaloylamino acid derivatives (xxix-xxxvi) is described. coupling of 3,6-dinitro-1:8-naphthaloylamino acids with amino acid methyl ester hydrochlorides in dioxane-dmf-et3n medium using dcc method furnishes the desired 3,6-dinitro-1:8-naphthaloyldipeptide methyl esters (xvii-xxviii). most of the synthesized 3,6-dinitro-1:8-naphthaloylamino acids, es ... | 1982 | 6811471 |
| nitrate reductase from penicillium chrysogenum: kinetic mechanism at sub-optimum ph. | 1982 | 6812574 | |
| nitrate reductase from penicillium chrysogenum: the reduced flavin-adenine dinucleotide-dependent reaction. | 1982 | 6817714 | |
| murine immunosuppression with mycoviral dsrna. | the effect of three different size molecular weight species of mycoviral dsrna on the immune response to srbc was tested in c57bl/6 mice. the various dsrna species were extracted from electrophoresis polyacrylamide-agarose slab gels. their molecular weights ranged from 1.0 x 10(6) daltons to 3.5 x 10(6) daltons. all three sizes of mycoviral dsrna significantly (p less than 0.0001) suppressed the hemolytic antibody titer of mice 8 days after immunizations with 15 micrograms dsrna/mouse and 10(8) ... | 1982 | 6819252 |
| biosynthesis of penicillin in vitro: purification & properties of 'phenyl/phenoxyacetic acid activating enzyme'. | 1982 | 6819990 | |
| oxygen mass transfer into aerated cmc solutions in a bubble column. | differing findings on the volumetric mass transfer coefficients k(l)a in cmc solutions in bubble column bioreactors have been reported in the literature. therefore, oxygen mass transfer was studied again in cmc solutions in a 14-cm-i.d. x 270-cm-height bubble column using different spargers. the k(l)a values were determined along with the dispersion coefficients by fitting the prediction of the axial dispersed plug model with the experimental oxygen concentration profiles in the liquid phase. su ... | 1982 | 18546314 |
| strategies for penicillin fermentation in tower-loop reactors. | since it has not been possible to produce penicillin in tower-loop reactors with highly viscous filamentous molds of penicillium chrysogenum which are employed in stirred-tank reactors, a new strategy has been developed to avoid the formation of this morphology and to use the pellet form of the fungi. when employing definite impeller speeds in the subculture in connection with definite inoculum amounts and substrate concentrations in the main culture (bubble column), it is possible to generate a ... | 1982 | 18546301 |
| adsorption of radium-226 by biological origin absorbents. | selected samples of waste microbial biomass used in industrial fermentation processes and wastewater biological treatment plants have been studied for their radium biosorption ability from aqueous solutions. equilibrium biosorption isotherms have been used to quantify the radium uptake capacity of the various types of biomass which were also compared to two types of activated carbon. solution ph affected the observed uptake significantly. in general, the biomass types that showed appreciable sor ... | 1983 | 18548548 |
| confining mycelial growth to porous microbeads: a novel technique to alter the morphology of non-newtonian mycelial cultures. | in an effort to alter the filamentous morphology of penicillium chrysogenum cells, a technique was developed to confine the growth of the mycelia to porous celite beads. the pore matrix of these beads was found to be very effective for entrapping mycelial cells and spores. the entrapped spores were used to initiate the fermentations in shake flask cultures. significant increases in final cell densities were obtained in the confined cell cultures reaching up to 60 g/l cells. this is nearly double ... | 1983 | 18548712 |
| oxidative ring fission of the naphthoquinones lapachol and dichloroallyl lawsone by penicillium notatum. | the naphthoquinones lapachol and dichloroallyl lawsone readily undergo oxidative ring fission when incubated with several fungi and streptomycetes. penicillium notatum was employed to produce the ring fission product of dichloroallyl lawsone which was isolated and characterized by spectral analyses and chemical synthesis. the mechanism of oxidative ring fission of lapachol was studied by growing p. notatum cultures in an 18o2 atmosphere. mass spectral analysis of the isolated and labeled metabol ... | 1983 | 6822525 |
| activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase from three filamentous fungi in relation to osmotic and solute effects. | crude extracts of nadp+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.42) were prepared from three filamentous fungi with different tolerances to water stress. there was no difference in the activity of this enzyme extracted from phytophthora cinnamomi which had been grown on media of osmotic potential of 0 to -2mpa. glycerol, proline and glucose caused little or no inhibition of the activity of the enzyme from p. cinnamomi, penicillium chrysogenum and chrysosporium fastidium over the range 0 to - ... | 1983 | 6615128 |
| partial purification and characterization of a double-stranded rna-specific nuclease from human placenta. | a double-stranded rna-specific nuclease (ds rnase) has been isolated and partially purified from human placenta by deae-cellulose and dna-cellulose column chromatography. denatured dna-cellulose retained most of the single-stranded rna-specific nuclease (ss rnase) activity, whereas the ds rnase came out in the void volume. n-ethylmaleimide at a concentration of 5 mm, selectively inhibited ds rnase activity by 60% under the conditions in which the ss rnase activity was inhibited to an extent of 7 ... | 1983 | 6633520 |
| a circular dichroism study of the structure of penicillium chrysogenum mycovirus. | we have examined the absorption and circular dichroism spectra of intact penicillium chrysogenum virus, empty capsid particles, and isolated double-stranded rna. the absorbance at 260 nm of intact virus was less than 4% hypochromic relative to the absorbances of the free double-stranded rna and free viral protein, indicating very little change in the base stacking interactions of the rna. circular dichroism studies of intact virus indicate that the capsid protein consists of 45% alpha-helix. emp ... | 1983 | 6408610 |
| metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by cunninghamella elegans. | the metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in cultures of cunninghamella elegans were isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by uv spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. the major metabolites were dmba-trans-8,9-dihydrodiol and dmba-trans-3,4-dihydrodiol. the 7-hydroxymethyl and the 12-hydroxymethyl derivatives of these dihydrodiol metabolites were also formed. the metabolic profile described in this report co ... | 1983 | 6418073 |
| [current problems of the mechanism of penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthesis]. | 1983 | 6419672 | |
| atp sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum: measurements of the true specific activity of an enzyme subject to potent product inhibition and a reassessment of the kinetic mechanism. | homogeneous atp sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum has been reported to have an extremely low activity toward its physiological inorganic substrate, sulfate. this low activity is an artifact resulting from potent product inhibition by 5'-adenylylsulfate (aps) (ki less than 0.25 microm). assays based on 35s incorporation from 35so4(2-) into charcoal-adsorbable [35s]aps are nonlinear with time, even in the presence of a large excess of inorganic pyrophosphatase. however, in the presence of e ... | 1983 | 6312889 |
| biosynthesis of penicillin in vitro: part ii--purification & properties of 6-aminopenicillanic acid--phenylacetyl-coa/phenoxyacetyl-coa transferase. | 1983 | 6423522 | |
| [resistance of mesospheric microorganisms to periodic freezing--thawing]. | the object of this work was to study cytological changes caused by periodic freezing-thawing in the conidia of the fungi aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum isolated from the mesosphere as well as in the conidia of the same species taken from the collection of microorganisms. the conidia from the mesosphere were found to be highly resistant to the treatment. as was shown by electron microscopy, the outer "backbone" layer of the spore envelope broke down and the membranes of the plasmal ... | 1983 | 6422211 |
| [antibiotic formation in n-nitrosomethylbiuret exposure at different stages of conidium initiation in penicillium chrysogenum, a producer of penicillin]. | survival and variation of strain 9741 of p. chrysogenum treated with n-nitroso-n-methyl biuret (nmb) at various stages of conidia initiation were studied. it was shown that the interval between the minimum and maximum levels of the conidia sensitivity to nmb was equal to 80 minutes, which corresponded to the period of dna replication in the culture. when preliminary incubated conidia were subjected to the treatment, the frequency of the variants with higher potency increased as compared to the t ... | 1983 | 6416155 |
| [characteristic features of protoplast formation and regeneration in fusidium coccineum]. | the methods for preparation and regeneration of protoplasts were tested with respect to the strains of f. coccineum markedly differing in their capacity for antibiotic production, sporulation and the growth rate. it was found that the substrate used for the culture growth had a significant effect on the cell wall and sensitivity of the mycelium to lytic enzymes. an enzyme from hellix pomatia and its combination with lysozyme were used for lysing the culture. the cytological investigation of the ... | 1983 | 6404216 |
| [induction of the biosynthesis of penicillin by l-glutamate in penicillium chrysogenum]. | 1983 | 6152679 | |
| isolation, purification, and some properties of penicillium chrysogenum tannase. | tannase isolated from penicillium chrysogenum was purified 24-fold with 18.5% recovery after ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-cellulose column chromatography, and sephadex g-200 gel filtration. optimum enzyme activity was recorded at ph 5.0 to 6.0 and at 30 to 40 degrees c. the enzyme was stable up to 30 degrees c and within the ph range of 4.0 to 6.5. the k(m) value was found to be 0.48 x 10 m when tannic acid was used as the substrate. metal salts at 20 mm inhibited the enzyme to different ... | 1983 | 16346377 |
| penicillium allergic alveolitis: faulty installation of central heating. | a married couple presented with an illness typical of allergic alveolitis. a careful search of their home revealed a leak in the central heating system with a heavy fungal growth on wet flooring and linoleum. two species of penicillium, p chrysogenum and p cyclopium, were isolated from floorboards, linoleum, and settle plates. antibodies against both these fungi were demonstrated in the serum of both patients by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). allergic alveolitis caused by p chryso ... | 1984 | 6426074 |
| [action of dehydration on the survival, morphology and ultrastructure of the conidia of air-borne and culture collection strains of aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum]. | the effect of dehydration on the morphology and fine structure of conidia was studied with the atmospheric and collection strains of aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum. dehydration did not cause changes in the structure of most conidia. however, destructive changes in the conidial wall and membrane were found in some conidia. the cytological changes of conidia were either reversible or irreversible, which determined their survival rate during dehydration. | 1984 | 6431241 |
| the nucleotide sequences of the 5 s rrnas of seven molds and a yeast and their use in studying ascomycete phylogeny. | the sequences of the 5 s rrnas isolated from 8 ascomycete species belonging to the genera aspergillus, penicillium, acremonium and candida are reported. two of the examined strains each yielded a mixture of 3 slightly different 5 s rnas, which were individually sequenced after fractionation. a previously published sequence for aspergillus nidulans 5 s rna was found to contain errors. reconstruction of an evolutionary tree based on 5 s rna sequences showed that the 16 presently examined ascomycet ... | 1984 | 6429642 |
| penicillin fermentation in a 200-liter tower fermentor using cells confined to microbeads. | the scale-up of the penicillin fermentation through cell confinement in a 200-l tower fermentor is described. p. chrysogenum spores were adsorbed into celite microbeads having diameters greater than 180 microns. fed-batch fermentations were performed using both free and confined cells. cell growth and penicillin concentrations were measured during the fermentation. in addition, the oxygen transfer rate, the aeration rate, and the level of dissolved oxygen were also measured. significant improvem ... | 1984 | 6433792 |
| adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase from penicillium chrysogenum. purification and kinetic characterization. | adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (aps) kinase, the second enzyme in the pathway of inorganic sulfate assimilation, was purified to near homogeneity from mycelium of the filamentous fungus, penicillium chrysogenum. the enzyme has a native molecular weight of 59,000-60,000 and is composed of two 30,000-dalton subunits. at 30 degrees c, ph 8.0 (0.1 m tris-chloride buffer), 5.5 microm aps, 5 mm mgatp, 5 mm excess mgcl2, and "high" salt (70-150 mm (nh4)2so4), the most highly purified preparation has a spe ... | 1984 | 6321459 |
| [mass exchange conditions in penicillin biosynthesis in an industrial fermenter with aerodynamic foam suppressor]. | the mass exchange characteristics of 50 m3 industrial fermentors with aerodynamic foam suppression and the effect of the specific power input on biosynthesis of penicillin were studied. a change in the specific power input from 1.3 to 1.9 kw/m3 had no effect on the level of the antibiotic accumulation when the medium with 8 per cent of lactose was used. an increase in the aeration rate from 1 to 1.2 m3/m3 x min provided a 1.1-fold increase in the penicillin activity of the fermentation broth. th ... | 1984 | 6422843 |
| oxygen profiles and structure of penicillium chrysogenum pellets. | oxygen profiles were measured polarographically with micro-needle electrodes in single fixed pellets of penicillium chrysogenum. the oxygen concentration, the grade of turbulence and the flow conditions of the outer medium were varied. pellets were then histologically investigated. under our experimental conditions the pellets were found to contain a 200 micrometers thick active outer zone with intact cells. in this zone, the oxygen partial pressure decreased from the initial values to zero. the ... | 1984 | 6428182 |
| [action of desiccation and low temperatures on mesospheric strains of aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum]. | aspergillus niger and penicillium chrysogenum strains were isolated from the mesosphere and characterised. their properties significant for migration in the atmosphere are discussed. the possibility of the anabiotic state of these fungi under the action of dehydration and low temperatures was studied as well as the degree of their resistance to the aforementioned extreme factors. | 1984 | 6429492 |
| studies on two types of phospholipase b from penicillium notatum. | 1984 | 6430887 | |
| [microbial amine oxidase]. | 1984 | 6431495 | |
| [a statistical method for the determination of the yield correlation of antibiotic-producing microorganisms]. | the antibiotic yields of industrial selectants must be checked at several steps of cultivation. here the question arises whether the activities at the different levels of cultivation are correlated. the common coefficient of correlation cannot be used because repeated determinations of the yield at one selectant result in different values. in order to have only one fixed value per selectant we define the mean value around which the observed values are varying. but these mean values cannot be obs ... | 1984 | 6089455 |