Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| antagonistic activity of the food-related filamentous fungus penicillium nalgiovense by the production of penicillin. | defined strains of the genus penicillium used as starter cultures for food and strains isolated from mold-fermented foods were analyzed for their ability to inhibit the growth of micrococcus luteus dsm 348 used as an indicator organism. most of the strains belonging to the species penicillium nalgiovense showed antagonistic activity in agar diffusion assays. penicillium camemberti and penicillium roqueforti strains proved to be inactive in these tests. the inhibitory substance excreted by p. nal ... | 1994 | 7944371 |
| an acid phosphatase from aspergillus ficuum has homology to penicillium chrysogenum phoa. | three secreted acid phosphatases had previously been characterized from aspergillus ficuum grown under conditions of limited phosphate. one of these could not be readily separated from afphyb, a ph 2.5 optimum acid phosphatase with phytase activity. from extensive protein sequence analysis and subsequent cloning of the gene, we have shown that the afphyb protein fraction contains a fourth secreted acid phosphatase (afphoa) that has 64% homology to a phosphate-repressible acid phosphatase from pe ... | 1994 | 7945393 |
| cloning and sequencing of phospholipase b gene from the yeast torulaspora delbrueckii. | the extracellular phospholipase b gene from baker's yeast torulaspora delbrueckii was cloned and sequenced. analysis of dna sequence data revealed an open reading frame (orf) encoding a 649-amino acid protein, that included amino acid sequences obtained from the purified enzyme. comparison of these sequence data with the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme indicated that this secreted protein is synthesized as a large precursor with a 21-amino acid n-terminal extension to the mature enz ... | 1994 | 8001766 |
| aerobic catabolism of phenylacetic acid in pseudomonas putida u: biochemical characterization of a specific phenylacetic acid transport system and formal demonstration that phenylacetyl-coenzyme a is a catabolic intermediate. | the phenylacetic acid transport system (pats) of pseudomonas putida u was studied after this bacterium was cultured in a chemically defined medium containing phenylacetic acid (pa) as the sole carbon source. kinetic measurement was carried out, in vivo, at 30 degrees c in 50 mm phosphate buffer (ph 7.0). under these conditions, the uptake rate was linear for at least 3 min and the value of km was 13 microm. the pats is an active transport system that is strongly inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, 4 ... | 1994 | 8002592 |
| improved expression of a hybrid streptomyces clavuligerus cefe gene in penicillium chrysogenum. | a hybrid cefe gene, encoding penicillin n expandase, was constructed by fusing the promoter sequences, pcp, and terminator sequences, pct from the penicillium chrysogenum pcbc gene to the open reading frame (orf), cefeorf, from the streptomyces clavuligerus cefe gene. the resulting hybrid gene, pcp/cefe'orf/pct, differed from a previously reported hybrid cefe gene contained on plasmid pps65. the latter gene, pcp/cefe'orf/sct, contained the pcp sequences fused to the s. clavuligerus cefe orf stil ... | 1994 | 8010669 |
| catabolism of lysine in penicillium chrysogenum leads to formation of 2-aminoadipic acid, a precursor of penicillin biosynthesis. | penicillium chrysogenum l2, a lysine auxotroph blocked in the early steps of the lysine pathway before 2-aminoadipic acid, was able to synthesize penicillin when supplemented with lysine. the amount of penicillin produced increased as the level of lysine in the media was increased. the same results were observed in resting-cell systems. catabolism of [u-14c]lysine by resting cells and batch cultures of p. chrysogenum l2 resulted in the formation of labeled saccharopine and 2-aminoadipic acid. fo ... | 1994 | 8031073 |
| the saccharomyces cerevisiae plb1 gene encodes a protein required for lysophospholipase and phospholipase b activity. | several enzymes with lysophospholipase/phospholipase b activity have been described from the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. in vitro, these enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing all phospholipids that can be extracted from yeast cells. two forms of the enzyme have been isolated from plasma membranes and a third from culture supernatants and the periplasmic space, but their biological roles have not been determined. these highly glycosylated enzymes were reported to have very similar cataly ... | 1994 | 8051052 |
| cloning and sequencing of atp sulfurylase from penicillium chrysogenum. identification of a likely allosteric domain. | fungal (penicillium chrysogenum) and yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) atp sulfurylases were shown to have very similar kinetic and chemical properties except that the fungal enzyme (a) contains a highly reactive cys residue (sh-1) whose modification results in sigmoidal velocity curves (renosto, f., martin, r. l., and segel, i. h. (1987) j. biol. chem. 262, 16279-16288) and (b) is allosterically inhibited by 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (paps), while the yeast enzyme displays neither of ... | 1994 | 8051058 |
| mold allergy in adana, turkey. | in order to investigate the possible role of molds in respiratory allergy, skin prick tests with the extracts of 19 different fungi were applied to 614 respiratory allergic patients. indoor mold samples of some of these mold sensitive patients are also presented. most of the patients (72.6%) had extrinsic asthma while 27.4% having allergic rhinitis. the diagnosis was based on history, clinical examination and skin prick test which was done according to peppy's method. aspergillus fumigatus was t ... | 1994 | 8059675 |
| a glucose-activated electron transfer system in the plasma membrane stimulates the h(+)-atpase in penicillium cyclopium. | hyphal cells of three fungal species of the genus penicillium reduced the nonpermeable, external electron acceptor hexabromoiridate iv (hbi iv). in penicillium cyclopium, the rate of hbi iv reduction by hyphal cells was drastically increased by the addition of beta-glucose. the stimulation showed high specificity for this sugar and did not require its uptake and cellular metabolism. cell wall oxidases (e.g., glucose oxidase) did not seem to be involved in the reduction of hbi iv, as no measurabl ... | 1994 | 8071221 |
| the penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus nidulans weta developmental regulatory genes are functionally equivalent. | aspergillus nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum are related fungi that reproduce asexually by forming multicellular conidiophores and uninucleate conidia. in a. nidulans, spore maturation is controlled by the weta (aweta) regulatory gene. we cloned a homologous gene (pweta) from p. chrysogenum to determine if spore maturation is regulated by a similar mechanism in this species. the pweta and aweta genes are similar in structure and functional organization. the inferred polypeptides share 77% ov ... | 1994 | 8078481 |
| acyl-coenzyme a: isopenicillin n acyltransferase from penicillium chrysogenum: effect of amino acid substitutions at ser227, ser230 and ser309 on proenzyme cleavage and activity. | using a high level escherichia coli expression system for the penicillium chrysogenum pende gene, we have produced acyl-coenzyme a: isopenicillin n acyltransferase (at) enzymes containing amino acid substitutions at three conserved ser residues. chosen for study based on amino acid sequence homologies to other proteins, ser227, ser230 and ser309 were changed to cys or ala to assess amino acid side chain involvement in proenzyme cleavage and at enzyme mechanism. substitutions at ser230 had no eff ... | 1994 | 8082826 |
| serine 228 is essential for catalytic activities of 85-kda cytosolic phospholipase a2. | the ca(2+)-sensitive cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cpla2) displays both a phospholipase a2 and a lysophospholipase activity. numerous hydrolases, including lipases, catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds by means of an active site triad of amino acids that includes a serine or a cysteine residue. we have examined whether human cpla2 belongs to this class of enzymes by using site-directed mutagenesis. although chemical inactivation of cpla2 by the sulfhydryl reagent n-ethylmaleimide made it appear ... | 1994 | 8083230 |
| penicillin production by penicillium nalgiovense. | a large number of penicillium nalgiovense strains were found to be as good penicillin producers on optimal production media as strains of penicillium chrysogenum. it is not known whether penicillin can be produced on fermented sausages, but selection for non-penicillin producing fermenting strains of p. nalgiovense is suggested. | 1994 | 7765708 |
| sensors as components of integrated analytical systems. | 1994 | 7764534 | |
| utilization of side-chain precursors for penicillin biosynthesis in a high-producing strain of penicillium chrysogenum. | utilization of the side-chain precursors phenoxyacetic acid (poa) and phenylacetic acid (pa) for penicillin biosynthesis by penicillium chrysogenum was studied in shake flasks. precursor uptake and penicillin production were followed by hplc analysis of precursors and products in the medium and in the cells. p. chrysogenum used both poa and pa as precursors, producing phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin v) and benzylpenicillin (penicillin g), respectively. if both precursors were present simulta ... | 1994 | 7764573 |
| oscillatory penicillin formation in carbon-limited batch fermentations of penicillium chrysogenum. | circadian oscillations of penicillin productivity with a period of 22 +/- 2 h have been observed in carbon-limited batch fermentations of penicillium chrysogenum. the specific penicillin production rate oscillated with an amplitude of 20 to 100% of its mean value, depending on the growth rate of the active (respiring and producting) biomass. in spite of this, the penicillin concentration increased almost linearly if the optimum growth rate of the active biomass for maximum penicillin productivit ... | 1994 | 7764574 |
| inhibition of penicillin biosynthetic enzymes by halogen derivatives of phenylacetic acid. | the effect of phenylacetic acid (paa) and several analogs on the activity of isopenicillin n synthase (ipns) and acyl-coa: 6-apa acyltransferase (at) from penicillium chrysogenum wis 54-1255 has been tested. whereas the substitution on the ring of a hydrogen atom by hydroxy-, methyl- or methoxy- groups did not cause any effect, the presence of halogens (cl or br) at positions 3 and/or 4 of paa strongly inhibited these two enzymes. the replacement of hydrogen atoms by fluorine in certain position ... | 1994 | 7764842 |
| segregated mathematical model for the fed-batch cultivation of a high-producing strain of penicillium chrysogenum. | a new segregated mathematical model for the penicillin fed-batch process is presented and applied to the growth of the pellet-forming, industrially used high-producing strain penicillium chrysogenum s2. the model comprises two kinds of biomass (growing and producing, nongrowing and still producing), cell lysis, and complex medium as an important substrate for primary growth. in accordance with our experimental observation, product formation is not inhibited by glucose, but related to the growth ... | 1994 | 7764846 |
| use of int to determine the respiratory activity of immobilised and free penicillium chrysogenum. | the specific oxygen uptake rates (our) of kappa-carrageenan-immobilised and free cell cultures of penicillium chrysogenum were determined using an oxygen electrode in a closed chamber. this was compared with the respiratory activity determined by the extent of staining with iodo-nitrophenyl tetrazolium chloride (int). the degree of int staining correlated with the our; an increase in int deposition corresponding to an increase in the measured our. the int staining technique could therefore be us ... | 1994 | 7515251 |
| molecular characterization of three loss-of-function mutations in the isopenicillin n-acyltransferase gene (pende) of penicillium chrysogenum. | five mutants of penicillium chrysogenum blocked in penicillin biosynthesis (npe) which are deficient in isopenicillin n-acyltransferase were isolated previously. three of these mutants, npe6, npe7, and npe8, have been characterized at the molecular level and compared with npe10, a deletion mutant. transcripts of normal size (1.15 kb) of the pende genes, which encode isopenicillin n-acyltransferase, and also of the pcbab (11.5 kb) and pcbc (1.1 kb) genes were observed in all mutants except for th ... | 1994 | 7519594 |
| effect of penicillium chrysogenum on lignin transformation. | a strain of penicillium chrysogenum has been isolated from pine forest soils in tenerife (canary islands). this strain was capable of utilizing hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated aromatic compounds, in particular cinnamic acid, as its sole carbon source. in an optimum medium with high levels of nitrogen (25.6 mm) and low levels of glucose (5.5 mm), it was able to decolorize poly b-411 and to transform kraft, organosolv, and synthetic dehydrogenative polymerisate lignins. after 30 days of incubatio ... | 1994 | 16349361 |
| penicillium chrysogenum takes up the penicillin g precursor phenylacetic acid by passive diffusion. | penicillium chrysogenum utilizes phenylacetic acid as a side chain precursor in penicillin g biosynthesis. during industrial production of penicillin g, phenylacetic acid is fed in small amounts to the medium to avoid toxic side effects. phenylacetic acid is taken up from the medium and intracellularly coupled to 6-aminopenicillanic acid. to enter the fungal cell, phenylacetic acid has to pass the plasma membrane. the process via which phenylacetic acid crosses the plasma membrane was studied in ... | 1995 | 16535072 |
| organophosphonate utilization by the wild-type strain of penicillium notatum. | we studied the biodegradation of compounds containing phosphorus-to-carbon bonds by using a wild-type strain of penicillium notatum. the substrate specificity of this strain was studied, and we found that it is able to utilize structurally diverse organophosphonates as sole sources of phosphorus. this ability seems to be inducible, as indicated by the presence of a lag phase during growth. a popular herbicide, glyphosate, inhibited fungal growth, but it was also degraded by the fungus if it was ... | 1995 | 16535094 |
| enzymatic 7-adca: i said it couldn't be done. | 1995 | 9634746 | |
| production of cephalosporin intermediates by feeding adipic acid to recombinant penicillium chrysogenum strains expressing ring expansion activity. | we demonstrate a novel and efficient bioprocess for production of the cephalosporin intermediates, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-aca) or 7-amino deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-adca). the streptomyces clavuligerus expandase gene or the cephalosporium acremonium expandase-hydroxylase gene, with and without the acetyltransferase gene, were expressed in a penicillin production strain of penicillium chrysogenum. growth of these transformants in media containing adipic acid as the side chain precur ... | 1995 | 9634750 |
| enzymatic and electrochemical reactions of catalase immobilized on carbon materials. | it has been shown that catalase immobilized on graphite and soot undergoes an oxidation reduction transformation. some results on the effect of the potential sweep rate, temperature and ph on this transformation are presented. on the basis of the relationship established, it has been proved that the redox transformation is related to the iron in the heme of the active center of the enzyme and takes place with a transfer of one electron. | 1995 | 7546040 |
| amino-acid substitutions in the cleavage site of acyl-coenzyme a:isopenicillin n acyltransferase from penicillium chrysogenum: effect on proenzyme cleavage and activity. | site-directed mutagenesis of the pende gene and expression in escherichia coli has produced recombinant acylcoenzyme a:isopenicillin n acyltransferase (re-at) containing amino-acid substitutions in the proenzyme cleavage site (decreases) region (asp-gly102 decreases cys103-thr-thr). the effect of these substitutions on proenzyme cleavage and at activity has been investigated. the re-at with substitutions at cys103 (cys103-->ser, cys103-->ala and cys103-->trp) were uncleaved and inactive. substit ... | 1995 | 7557412 |
| continuous cultivation of penicillium chrysogenum. growth on glucose and penicillin production. | a series of constant-mass, continuous cultivations of the penicillin producing mold penicillium chrysogenum was carried out using a chemically defined medium with glucose as the growth-limiting component. the stoichiometry for growth of p. chrysogenum on glucose was characterized in terms of mass-yield and maintenance coefficients. saturation kinetics with respect to glucose was used to describe the glucose consumption rate at steady-state conditions. transient data indicate that the maximum rat ... | 1995 | 7576537 |
| the penicillin gene cluster is amplified in tandem repeats linked by conserved hexanucleotide sequences. | the penicillin biosynthetic genes (pcbab, pcbc, pende) of penicillium chrysogenum as-p-78 were located in a 106.5-kb dna region that is amplified in tandem repeats (five or six copies) linked by conserved tttaca sequences. the wild-type strains p. chrysogenum nrrl 1951 and penicillium notatum atcc 9478 (fleming's isolate) contain a single copy of the 106.5-kb region. this region was bordered by the same tttaca hexanucleotide found between tandem repeats in strain as-p-78. a penicillin overproduc ... | 1995 | 7597101 |
| molecular cloning of cdna coding for the 68 kda allergen of penicillium notatum using moabs. | to characterize the 68 kda allergen of penicillium notatum (also known as p. chrysogenum), a molecular antibody (moab) (p40) was previously generated. for cdna cloning, three more moabs (3f, 5a3, 5g2) were generated in the present study. a mixture of all the four moabs was used in cloning of the gene coding for the 68 kda allergen from a lambda gt11 cdna library of p. chrysogenum. a cdna clone (a6) with dna insert of about 0.5 kb which encodes for the 3'-terminal nucleotide sequence of the 68 kd ... | 1995 | 7600381 |
| rational design of peptide antibiotics by targeted replacement of bacterial and fungal domains. | peptide synthetases involved in the nonribosomal synthesis of peptide secondary metabolites possess a highly conserved domain structure. the arrangement of these domains within the multifunctional enzymes determines the number and order of the amino acid constituents of the peptide product. a general approach has been developed for targeted substitution of amino acid-activating domains within the srfa operon, which encodes the protein templates for the synthesis of the lipopeptide antibiotic sur ... | 1995 | 7604280 |
| nuclear dna-binding proteins which recognize the intergenic control region of penicillin biosynthetic genes. | the biosynthesis of penicillin, a secondary metabolite produced by penicillium chrysogenum, is subject to sophisticated genetic and metabolic regulation. the structural genes, pcbc and pcbab, which encode two of the penicillin biosynthetic enzymes are separated by a 1.16-kb intergenic region and transcribed divergently from one another. to identify and characterize nuclear proteins which interact with the pcbab-pcbc intergenic promoter region, crude and partially purified nuclear extracts were u ... | 1995 | 7614558 |
| metabolic control analysis of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway in a high-yielding strain of penicillium chrysogenum. | metabolic control analysis is used to identify the rate-limiting step in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway in penicillium chrysogenum. the analysis is carried out using a kinetic model for the first two steps in the pathway, i.e., the acv synthetase (acvs) and the isopenicillin n synthetase (ipns). the kinetic model is based on michaelis-menten type kinetics, with noncompetitive inhibition of the acvs by acv and competitive inhibition of the ipns by glutathione. from measurements of the enzyme ... | 1995 | 7619400 |
| isolation and structure of sorrentanone: a new tetrasubstituted quinone from penicillium chrysogenum. | 1995 | 7622440 | |
| sequence and structure of penicillium chrysogenum phog, homologous to an acid phosphatase-encoding gene of aspergillus nidulans. | a penicillium chrysogenum (pc) gene (phog), homologous to an aspergillus nidulans (an) gene which confers phosphate-non-repressible acid phosphatase (apase) activity, has been cloned and sequenced. the 2.9-kb genomic sequence corresponds to two orfs of 149 and 1630 bp encoding a protein of 593 amino acids (aa). as verified by cdna sequencing, the coding region is interrupted by an 85-bp intron. the deduced aa sequence of phog reveals 61% aa identity to the translated long orf of the an apase-enc ... | 1995 | 7628710 |
| phylogenetic relationships of five species of aspergillus and related taxa as deduced by comparison of sequences of small subunit ribosomal rna. | the nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the 18s rrna of aspergillus flavus, a. nidulans, a. terreus and a. niger were elucidated and aligned to the sequences of a. fumigatus. in addition, the 18s rrna sequences of the v4-v9 region of morphologically similar filamentous fungi, e.g. penicillium chrysogenum, p. marneffei and paecilomyces variotii, were elucidated. phylogenetic analysis and comparison showed a very close intergeneric relationship of the genus aspergillus to species of the gen ... | 1995 | 7666299 |
| enrichment of penicillium chrysogenum microbodies by isopycnic centrifugation in nycodenz as visualized with immuno-electron microscopy. | a procedure to enrich microbodies from penicillium chrysogenum and a method to evaluate the purity and integrity of the microbodies are described. as a p. chrysogenum microbody marker acyltransferase (at) was used. the p. chrysogenum hyphae were converted into protoplasts with novozym 234. in percoll-sucrose buffer the protoplasts were separated from mycelial debris after 10,000 x g centrifugation. purified protoplasts were lysed, and the cell homogenate was centrifuged to form a 14,000 x g pell ... | 1995 | 7492580 |
| pellet formation and fragmentation in submerged cultures of penicillium chrysogenum and its relation to penicillin production. | the spores of penicillium chrysogenum are of the noncoagulating type, and after spore germination a culture of disperse mycelia is obtained. in this study, it is shown that when the hyphal elements increase in size, they may agglomerate, and depending on the operating conditions, these agglomerates may develop into pellets with a dense core. the influence of initial spore concentration and agitation rate on agglomeration, leading to pellet formation, was studied. for a low concentration of spore ... | 1995 | 7765991 |
| uptake of phenoxyacetic acid by penicillium chrysogenum. | the uptake of phenoxyacetic acid by two different strains of penicillium chrysogenum was studied. phenoxyacetic acid (poa) was taken up by p. chrysogenum in a defined medium. plots of initial velocity of poa uptake versus external substrate concentration, in the range 2-5000 microm, gave linear plots. uptake of poa by induced and uninduced cells was identical. the initial velocity of poa uptake decreased as the ph of the suspension was increased from 5.4 to 7.2; the decrease closely paralleled t ... | 1995 | 7766092 |
| analysis of penicillin v biosynthesis during fed-batch cultivations with a high-yielding strain of penicillium chrysogenum. | metabolites (both intra- and extracellular) involved in penicillin biosynthesis were measured during fed-batch cultivations with a high-yielding strain of penicillium chrysogenum. the fed-batch cultivations were carried out on a complex medium containing corn steep liquor. three distinct phases were observed: (a) a rapid growth phase where free amino acids present in the medium are metabolized, (b) a linear growth phase, and (c) a stationary phase. the specific penicillin production (rp) is init ... | 1995 | 7766125 |
| genes for beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthesis. | the genes pcbab, pcbc and pende encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of penicillin have been cloned from penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus nidulans. they are clustered in chromosome i (10.4 mb) of p. chrysogenum, but they are located in chromosome ii of penicillium notatum (9.6 mb) and in chromosome vi (3.0 mb) of a. nidulans. expression studies have shown that each gene is expressed as a single transcript from separate promoters. enzyme regulation studies and gene expression anal ... | 1995 | 7771766 |
| isolation and identification of a new cephem compound from penicillium chrysogenum strains expressing deacetoxycephalosporin c synthase activity. | 1995 | 7775275 | |
| a heuristic approach to the analysis of enzymic catalysis: reaction of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-alpha-aminobutyrate and delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-allylglycine catalyzed by isopenicillin n synthase isozymes. | isopenicillin n synthase (ipns) catalyzes the oxidative cyclization of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine to isopenicillin n. it is proposed that the multiple products produced from certain substrate analogues result from pathway branching after formation of a ferryl oxene intermediate. we have been interested in ascertaining the reasons for multiple product formation. one possibility is that the products are predisposed toward formation once the beta-lactam ring and the ferryl ox ... | 1995 | 7779800 |
| molecular cloning and analysis of nre, the major nitrogen regulatory gene of penicillium chrysogenum. | we have isolated the penicillium chrysogenum nre gene which is homologous to the major nitrogen regulatory genes area from aspergillus nidulans and nit-2 from neurospora crassa. overall, nre shows 60% identity to area and 30% identity to nit-2 at the amino-acid level. the gene encodes a protein of 835 amino-acid residues and contains a single cys2/cys2-type zinc finger with an adjacent basic region and a putative acidic activation region. in the dna-binding domain, 98% of the amino-acid residues ... | 1995 | 7788718 |
| improved fiber-optic chemical sensor for penicillin. | an optical penicillin biosensor is described, based on the enzyme penicillinase. the sensor is fabricated by selective photodeposition of analyte-sensitive polymer matrices on optical imaging fibers. the penicillin-sensitive matrices are fabricated by immobilizing the enzyme as micrometer-sized particles in a polymer hydrogel with a covalently bound ph indicator. an array of penicillin-sensitive and ph-sensitive matrices are fabricated on the same fiber. this array allows for the simultaneous, i ... | 1995 | 8633784 |
| enzymatic synthesis of hydrophobic penicillins. | our knowledge of the enzymes and genes involved in the biosynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics has increased notably in the last decade. the purification to homogeneity of some of these proteins as well as their biochemical characterization has allowed some of them to be used for synthesizing many different penicillins and cephalosporin-like products in vitro. in this report we describe the most important advances in this field, placing special emphasis on the enzymatic synthesis of hydrophobic ... | 1995 | 8557558 |
| cloning, structural organization and regulation of expression of the penicillium chrysogenum paf gene encoding an abundantly secreted protein with antifungal activity. | an abundantly secreted, highly basic 12-kda protein (paf) was purified from the culture medium of penicillium chrysogenum (pc). based on the n-terminal amino acid (aa) sequence of the protein, an oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe was derived and used for amplification of the encoding cdna by pcr. this cdna fragment encodes a cys-rich preproprotein of 92 aa which appears to be processed to a mature product of 55 aa. the deduced aa sequence of the preproprotein reveals 42.6% identity to an antifungal ... | 1995 | 8566771 |
| [the clinical picture of mycotic complications in hiv-infected patients]. | mycotic complications were registered in 21 out of 37 hiv-infected subjects. oropharyngeal candidiasis was most common. it occurred prior to or concurrently with esophageal and skin candidiasis, fungemia, meningoencephalitis and disseminated lesions. with immunodeficiency progression, the prevalence and severity of mycosis go up. the causing fungi vary in great range: candida albicans, candida krusei. candida tropicalis, candida pseudotropicalis, candida parapsilosis. cryptococcus neoformans, rh ... | 1995 | 8577107 |
| nre, the major nitrogen regulatory protein of penicillium chrysogenum, binds specifically to elements in the intergenic promoter regions of nitrate assimilation and penicillin biosynthetic gene clusters. | nre, the nitrogen regulatory protein of penicillium chrysogenum, contains a single cys2/cys2-type zinc-finger motif followed immediately by a highly basic region. the zinc-finger domain was expressed to escherichia coli as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase. in order to test the putative dna-binding ability of nre, the intergenic promoter region of the nitrate reductase/nitrite reductase gene cluster (niia-niad) of penicillium was sequenced. our results show that nre is a dna-binding prote ... | 1995 | 8590470 |
| detection of a protein which binds specifically to the upstream region of the pcbab gene in penicillium chrysogenum. | the upstream region of the pcbab gene from penicillium chrysogenum was screened for protein-binding sites using an electromobility shift assay. a specific protein/dna interaction was detected within a fragment covering the region -387 to -242 relative to the pcbab translational start codon. the appearance of this protein and pcbab mrna in culture extracts occurred at the same time point in fermentations, suggesting that the protein might be a transcription activator. the putative upstream activa ... | 1995 | 8590471 |
| mutational analysis reveals dispensability of the n-terminal region of the aspergillus transcription factor mediating nitrogen metabolite repression. | mutational analysis has enabled identification and localization of an upstream exon of the area gene of aspergillus nidulans mediating nitrogen metabolite repression. a mutation in the initiation codon and frameshift mutations, which revert by restoration of the reading frame, established the coding role of the exon and mutations affecting intron splicing in conjunction with dna sequencing of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) products localized the coding region intron. th ... | 1995 | 8596437 |
| beta-lactams. | 1995 | 8688626 | |
| metabolic flux distributions in penicillium chrysogenum during fed-batch cultivations. | based on a review of the penicillium chrysogenum biochemistry a stoichiometric model has been set up. the model considers 61 internal fluxes and there are 49 intracellular metabolites which are assumed to be in pseudo-steady state. in addition to the intracellular fluxes the model considers the uptake of 21 amino acids. from the stoichiometric model the maximum theoretical yield of penicillin v is calculated to 0.43 mol/mol glucose. if biosynthesis of cysteine is by direct sulfhydrylation rather ... | 1995 | 18623271 |
| hyphal growth and fragmentation of penicillium chrysogenum in submerged cultures. | a previously derived population model describing the average properties of hyphal elements in submerged cultures of filamentous fungi was revised, and a term for the influence fo spore germination on the average total hyphal length was added. the model was derived from a general balance for the distribution function for the hyphal elements. based on experimental data and the derived model, simple kinetic expressions for spore germination, tip extension, branching, and hyphal break-up were set up ... | 1995 | 18623354 |
| characterization of penicillium chrysogenum physiology in submerged cultures by color and monochrome image analysis. | although filamentous microorganisms are widely used in industrial fermentation processes, their growth and differentiation are not yet fully understood, because their biomass is structured, and therefore difficult to describe and to quantify. this lack of appropriate tools can hinder the optimization and control of the fermentation. a quantitative image analysis method was therefore developed for characterizing the physiology of the penicillin-producing mold penicillium chrysogenum. this method ... | 1995 | 18623454 |
| pathway kinetics and metabolic control analysis of a high-yielding strain of penicillium chrysogenum during fed batch cultivations. | a kinetic model representing the pathway for the biosynthesis of penicillin by p. chrysogenum has been developed. the model is capable of describing the flux through the biosynthetic pathway, and model simulations correspond well with measurements of intermediates and end products. one feature of the present model structure is that it assumes the kinetics of the enzyme isopenicillin n synthetase (ipns) to be first order with respect to the dissolved oxygen concentration in the range of 0.070 to ... | 1996 | 18624326 |
| a structured model for hyphal differentiation and penicillin production using penicillium chrysogenum. | a structured kinetic model describing growth, differentiation, and penicillin production in submerged penicillium chrysogenum fermentations is reported. the filamentous hyphae are divided into four distinct regions on the basis of the activities and structure of hyphal compartments, viz., actively growing (mainly apical) regions, nongrowing or penicillin producing regions, vacuoles, and degenerated or metabolically inactive regions. a mechanistic approach is taken to give quantitative descriptio ... | 1996 | 18629820 |
| pathway kinetics and metabolic control analysis of a high-yielding strain of penicillium chrysogenum during fed batch cultivations. | 1996 | 18629937 | |
| dependence of mycelial morphology on impeller type and agitation intensity. | the influence of the agitation conditions on the morphology of penicillium chrysogenum (freely dispersed and aggregated forms) was examined using radial (rushton turbines and paddles), axial (pitched blades, propeller, and prochem maxflow t), and counterflow impellers (intermig). culture broth was taken from a continuous fermentation at steady state and was agitated for 30 min in an ungassed vessel of 1.4-l working volume. the power inputs per unit volume of liquid in the tank, p/v(l), ranged fr ... | 1996 | 18629946 |
| molecular genetics as a tool to remove bottlenecks in the biosynthesis of β-lactam antibiotics. | several strains of penicillium chrysogenum with different productions of penicillin were characterized at the molecular level in order to establish the basis of the increased penicillin production rates. the cluster of penicillin biosynthetic genes was located in an amplified genomic region of 57.9 kb in a high-producing strain (e1) and 106.5 kb in two strains (as-p-78 and p2) producing moderately high levels of penicillin. this region was shown to be present in multiple tandemly repeated copies ... | 1996 | 24415383 |
| mutants blocked in penicillin biosynthesis show a deletion of the entire penicillin gene cluster at a specific site within a conserved hexanucleotide sequence. | the organization of the genes of the penicillin cluster has been studied in three different mutants of p. chrysogenum impaired in penicillin biosynthesis. the three blocked mutants (derived from the parental strain p. chrysogenum bb-1) lacked the genes pcbab, pcbc and pende of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway and were unable to form isopenicillin n synthase and isopenicillin n acyltransferase. all strains were identified as p. chrysogenum derivatives by fingerprinting analysis with (gtg)n as ... | 1996 | 8703430 |
| the aspergillus nidulans penicillin-biosynthesis gene aat (pende) is controlled by a ccaat-containing dna element. | analysis of the promoter of the penicillin biosynthesis aat (pende) gene of aspergillus nidulans using band-shift assays led to the identification of a ccaat-containing dna element which was specifically bound by a protein (complex). the identified dna element was localised about 250 bp upstream of the transcriptional-start sites of aat. substitution of the ccaat core sequence by gatcc led to a fourfold reduction of expression of an aat-lacz gene fusion. the identified binding site thus was func ... | 1996 | 8706667 |
| characterization of a penicillium chrysogenum gene encoding a pacc transcription factor and its binding sites in the divergent pcbab-pcbc promoter of the penicillin biosynthetic cluster. | previous work established that ph regulation of gene expression in aspergillus nidulans, a major determinant of penicillin biosynthesis, is mediated by the zinc-finger transcription factor pacc, an activator of transcription of the isopenicillin n synthase gene. we characterize here the pacc gene from the efficient penicillin producer penicillium chrysogenum, which functionally complements an a. nidulans pacc null mutation. it encodes a 641-residue polypeptide showing 64% identify to a. nidulans ... | 1996 | 8736532 |
| basic amino acid transport in plasma membrane vesicles of penicillium chrysogenum. | the characteristics of the basic amino acid permease (system vi) of the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum were studied in plasma membranes fused with liposomes containing the beef heart mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. in the presence of reduced cytochrome c, the hybrid membranes accumulated the basic amino acids arginine and lysine. inhibition studies with analogs revealed a narrow substrate specificity. within the external ph range of 5.5 to 7.5, the transmembrane electrical potent ... | 1996 | 8763922 |
| effect of medium components and metabolic inhibitors on beta-galactosidase production and secretion by penicillium notatum 1. | factors affecting the beta-galactosidase production by penicillium notatum 1 were studied using fermentation media of different chemical composition. the medium containing lactose, salts, peptone and yeast extract with initial ph 2.5 was selected as the best for enzyme production. monobasic ammonium phosphate (0.9%) was found to be the best inorganic nitrogen source for lactase production. various extraction media and metabolic inhibitors were examined for effective releasing of beta-galactosida ... | 1996 | 8819842 |
| composition and toxigenic potential of the mould population on dry-cured iberian ham. | the fungal population on dry-cured iberian ham can be essential to the development of the product's unique characteristics, but health hazards due to mycotoxins may be significant. we examined the natural fungal population of iberian hams during ripening at three different locations. chloroform extracts from 59 selected isolates were tested for toxicity to brine shrimp larvae and vero cells, for mutagenicity in the ames test and for antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus. the diver ... | 1996 | 8880338 |
| nadp-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of penicillium chrysogenum has a homohexamer structure. | the nadp-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of a high beta-lactam producing industrial strain of penicillium chrysogenum was purified to homogeneity. the enzyme (m(r) = 339,000 +/- 34,000) was demonstrated to have a homohexamer quaternary structure with a subunit molecular mass of m(r) = 56,000 +/- 2000. the n-terminal sequence of the enzyme was also determined and was found to be highly homologous to other fungal nadp-specific glutamate dehydrogenase sequences. | 1996 | 8914269 |
| localization of nucleolin binding sites on human and mouse pre-ribosomal rna. | nucleolin, a major rna binding protein of the nucleolus is found associated mainly to the pre-ribosomal particles and is absent from the cytoplasmic mature ribosomes. the role of this protein in ribosome biogenesis remains largely unknown, and is likely to be reflected by its rna binding properties. nucleolin contains in its central domain four rna recognition motifs (rrm, also called rbd for rna binding domain) which are conserved among different species. rna binding studies have revealed that ... | 1996 | 8915542 |
| identification, isolation and sequence of the aspergillus nidulans xlnc gene encoding the 34-kda xylanase. | the xlnc gene encoding the 34-kda xylanase (x34) of aspergillus nidulans (an) has been cloned and sequenced, as has its corresponding cdna. xlnc contains nine introns and shows considerable similarity to the xyna and xylp xylanase-encoding genes of a. kawachii (ak) and penicillium chrysogenum (pc), respectively. analysis of xylanase production in an multicopy transformants showed elevated levels of x34 and increased total xylanase activity, but no elevated production of other xylanases. northern ... | 1996 | 8917072 |
| phenoxymethylpenicillin amidohydrolases from penicillium chrysogenum. | a phenoxymethylpenicillin amidohydrolase which hydrolyses phenoxymethylpenicillin to 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-apa) has been isolated from two species of penicillium chrysogenum. the amidohydrolase had a molecular mass of approx. 42 kda. its activity with benzylpenicillin as substrate was only 1.5% of that with phenoxymethylpenicillin and it was inhibited by its products. no penicillin formation from 6-apa and phenoxyacetyl or phenylacetyl coenzyme a was observed. the enzyme is thus distinct f ... | 1996 | 8925921 |
| factors affecting dna-binding proteins and pcbc transcript levels in penicillium chrysogenum. | proteins extracted from penicillium chrysogenum grown in either complex or defined medium were used in electromobility shift assays. with a probe dna covering the region -10 to -132 relative to the pcbc translation start codon, four protein/dna complexes (designated a-d) were reproducibly observed. two of the four dna/protein complexes routinely detected in extracts from liquid cultures (a and b) were also detectable with protein extracts from p. chrysogenum spores. generally, with proteins from ... | 1996 | 8929398 |
| cloning and characterization of chitin synthase gene fragments from penicillium chrysogenum. | dna fragments homologous to chitin synthase were amplified from the genomic dna of penicillium chrysogenum by pcr. cloning and sequencing of the pcr-amplified fragments led to the identification of four different genes, designated pcchs1, pcchs2, pcchs3, and pcchs4. by comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences, pcchs1 was identified as a gene for class i chitin synthase, pcchs2 and pcchs3 were for class ii, and pcchs4 was for class iii. among these only pcchs4 includes an intervening sequen ... | 1996 | 8931329 |
| sequence analysis and expression of the penicillium chrysogenum nitrate reductase encoding gene (niad). | the nitrate reductase gene (niad) of the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum encodes a protein of 864 amino acids. the derived protein sequence shows 78% and 72% sequence identity to the corresponding aspergillus niger and a. nidulans proteins, respectively. the coding region of the penicillium gene is interrupted by six small introns, as deduced by comparison with the niad sequences of a. niger and a. nidulans, whereby the positions of the introns are perfectly conserved between these th ... | 1996 | 8950182 |
| purification and characterization of an extracellular alkaline phosphatase from penicillium chrysogenum. | an extracellular alkaline phosphatase from penicillium chrysogenum was purified to homogeneity using deae ion-exchange chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. sds-page of the purified enzyme indicated a molecular weight of 58,000. the mobility of the native enzyme on a superose 12 column suggests that the active form of the enzyme is a monomer. the enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate from a variety of substrates including p-nitrophenyl phosphate, alpha-naphthyl phosphate and t ... | 1996 | 8958566 |
| autonomously replicating plasmids carrying the ama1 region in penicillium chrysogenum. | plasmid vectors containing the ama1 sequence transformed with high efficiency and replicated autonomously in penicillium chrysogenum. the efficiency of transformation of p. chrysogenum was related to the length of the ama1 fragment used for constructing the different autonomously replicating plasmids. one of the two palindromic inverted repeats of ama1 (the 2.2-kb sali-hindiii fragment) is sufficient to confer autonomous replication and a high transformation efficiency. deletion of the 0.6-kb ce ... | 1996 | 8625429 |
| bms-182123, a fungal metabolite that inhibits the production of tnf-alpha by macrophages and monocytes. | a fungal metabolite, bms-182123, which inhibited bacterial endotoxin-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf-alpha) in murine macrophages and human peripheral blood monocytes (in vitro), was isolated from the culture broth of penicillium chrysogenum strain v39673. the effective bms-182123 concentration (ic50) resulting in 50% inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-alpha production in murine macrophages and human monocytes was 600 ng/ml and 4.0 microgram/ml, respectively. bms-18212 ... | 1996 | 8626236 |
| identification of a major cis-acting dna element controlling the bidirectionally transcribed penicillin biosynthesis genes acva (pcbab) and ipna (pcbc) of aspergillus nidulans. | the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin is produced as a secondary metabolite by some filamentous fungi. in this study, the molecular regulation of the aspergillus (emericella) nidulans penicillin biosynthesis genes acva (pcbab) and ipna (pcbc) was analyzed. acva and ipna are divergently oriented and separated by an intergenic region of 872 bp. translational fusions of acva and ipna with the two escherichia coli reporter genes lacz and uida enabled us to measure the regulation of both genes simult ... | 1996 | 8682797 |
| sulfate transport in penicillium chrysogenum plasma membranes. | transport studies with penicillium chrysogenum plasma membranes fused with cytochrome c oxidase liposomes demonstrate that sulfate uptake is driven by the transmembrane ph gradient and not by the transmembrane electrical potential. ca2+ and other divalent cations are not required. it is concluded that the sulfate transport system catalyzes the symport of two protons with one sulfate anion. | 1996 | 8682803 |
| growth energetics and metabolic fluxes in continuous cultures of penicillium chrysogenum. | continuous cultures of the penicillin producing fungus penicillium chrysogenum have been analyzed with respect to the macromolecular composition of the mycelium. all cultivations were carried out using a chemically defined medium with glucose as the growth limiting component. biomass was harvested at steady state and analyzed for proteins, lipids, rna, dna, and carbohydrates. carbohydrates present in the cell wall, i.e., glucans and chitin, and carbohydrates serving as storage materials, i.e., g ... | 1996 | 9147448 |
| molecular cloning and expression in different microbes of the dna encoding pseudomonas putida u phenylacetyl-coa ligase. use of this gene to improve the rate of benzylpenicillin biosynthesis in penicillium chrysogenum. | the gene encoding phenylacetyl-coa ligase (pcl), the first enzyme of the pathway involved in the aerobic catabolism of phenylacetic acid in pseudomonas putida u, has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in two different microbes. in both, the primary structure of the protein was studied, and after genetic manipulation, different recombinant proteins were analyzed. the pcl gene, which was isolated from p. putida u by mutagenesis with the transposon tn5, encodes a 48-kda protein corresponding to ... | 1996 | 8969218 |
| the inhibitory mechanisms of glucose and carbon dioxide on the biosyntheses of penicillins and cephalosporins. | the inhibitory mechanism of glucose and co2 on the biosyntheses of penicillins and cephalosporins is discussed in the present paper. 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-apa) is considered to be an intermediate product, and the reaction between 6-apa and glucose may play an important role in the yield and rate of biosyntheses of beta-lactam antibiotics. according to this hypothesis the experimental phenomena taking place in biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporin, such as the inhibition by glucose a ... | 1996 | 8987882 |
| fungi associated with post-harvest rot of black plum (vitex doniana) in nigeria. | the fungi associated with rot of vitex doniana fruits (blackplum) were isolated and identified. aspergillus niger, botryodiplodia theobromae, candida spp. penicillium chrysogenum, rhizopus stolonifer, fusarium pallidoroseum f. oxysporum and mucor mucedo were the primary rot causing fungi in contrast to cladosporium herbarum and mucor circinelloides which were just present as secondary colonizers. the rot fungi penetrated mainly through wounds and bruises on the surface of fruits. mature green fr ... | 1996 | 9208478 |
| purification and some properties of a novel dsrna degrading nuclease bound to rye germ ribosomes. | a two-step procedure including affinity chromatography for purification of rye germ ribosomal nuclease that degrades double-stranded rna from a virus of penicillium chrysogenum and the poly(i).poly(c) complex was developed. the specific activity towards poly(i).poly(c) of the obtained nuclease preparations was 30 times as high as that of ribosomes. the recovery of activity was 3.4% when the octyl-sepharose column was used, and 2.0% in the case of the phenyl-sepharose column. on polyacrylamide/sd ... | 1997 | 9241355 |
| monoclonal antibodies as probes for fungal wall structure during morphogenesis. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs), s4d1, s3b3 and s1e5, were produced from hybridoma cell lines raised from mice immunized with hyphal walls of neurospora crassa and one (pax-1) from mice immunized with hyphal walls of paxillus involutus. in immunofluorescence studies, the three n. crassa mabs recognized epitopes with different patterns of distribution at the hyphal surface of n. crassa. s4d1 recognized an epitope which was present on the surface of both conidia and hyphae; s3b3 recognized an e ... | 1997 | 9245814 |
| multianalyte biosensors on optical imaging bundles. | we present an optical biosensor design that expands the utility of enzyme biosensors. these biosensors are fabricated by site-selective photodeposition of analyte-sensitive polymer matrices on optical imaging fibres. these dual-analyte arrays allow for the simultaneous, independent measurement of the analyte of interest and the transducing analyte. the first integrated optical-biosensors using this design have been prepared that allow both the dependent and independent analytes to be measured si ... | 1997 | 9253155 |
| phenoxyacetic acid induces glutathione-dependent detoxification and depletes the glutathione pool in penicillium chrysogenum. | enzymes of the glutathione-dependent detoxification pathway (glutathione s-transferase and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase) were induced, and the glutathione pool was completely depleted by phenoxyacetic acid in penicillium chrysogenum mycelia incubated for 15 h in a culture medium containing lactose as a carbon source and sodium glutamate as a nitrogen source. a significant increase in both the oxidised glutathione concentrations and the glutathione reductase activities were also observed. 1-chlo ... | 1997 | 9265740 |
| acv synthetase: expression of amino acid activating domains of the penicillium chrysogenum enzyme in aspergillus nidulans. | fragments of acv synthetase of penicillium chrysogenum carrying partial activities of amino acid activation were expressed under the alca promoter in an acva-deletion mutant of aspergillus nidulans. the 210 kda domain a-beta-galactosidase fusion protein was partially cleaved to fragments of 200 and 97 kda. the domain a fragment and the 312 kda domain bc construct were identified by peptide specific antibodies and shown to catalyze alpha-aminoadipate-, cysteine-, and valine-dependent atp/[32p]ppi ... | 1997 | 9266851 |
| overexpression of nreb, a new gata factor-encoding gene of penicillium chrysogenum, leads to repression of the nitrate assimilatory gene cluster. | to investigate the mechanism of nitrogen metabolite repression in the biotechnologically important fungus penicillium chrysogenum a polymerase chain reaction approach was employed to identify transcription factors involved in this regulatory circuit, leading to the isolation of a new gene (nreb) encoding a 298 amino acid protein. despite a low overall amino acid sequence identity of approximately 30%, it shares several features with dal80p/uga43p and gzf3p/nil2p, both repressors in nitrogen meta ... | 1997 | 9278412 |
| analysis of a commercially improved penicillium chrysogenum strain series: involvement of recombinogenic regions in amplification and deletion of the penicillin biosynthesis gene cluster. | several commercially improved strains of penicillium chrysogenum have been shown to carry amplifications of the entire penicillin biosynthesis gene cluster. analysis previously carried out using the strain bw 1890 has here been extended to the characterisation of other members of the smithkline beecham strain improvement series. we have determined the length of the amplicon to be 57.4 kb and shown a general increase in copy number and penicillin titre through the series. sequence analyses of the ... | 1997 | 9281849 |
| mould-devouring mites differ in guanine excretion from dust-eating acari, a possible error source in mite allergen exposure studies. | measurement of guanine in dust proved a good assessment of mite allergen exposure. | 1997 | 9291290 |
| glutathione metabolism and protection against oxidative stress caused by peroxides in penicillium chrysogenum. | the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum showed remarkable resistance to the oxidative stress caused by high concentrations of either hydrogen peroxide (0.35-0.70 m) or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tert-booh, 0.5-2.0 mm), which could be explained well with high levels of glutathione (gsh) peroxidase and catalase activities. the majority of exogenous h2o2 was likely removed by catalase from the cells while tert-booh was likely eliminated mainly by the gsh-dependent pathways. the gsh pool decre ... | 1997 | 9296459 |
| purification and characterization of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine synthetase from penicillium chrysogenum. | delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine synthetase (acvs) from penicillium chrysogenum was purified to homogeneity by a combination of (nh4)2so4 precipitation, protamine sulphate treatment, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the molecular mass of acvs was estimated with native gradient gel electrophoresis and sds/page. the native enzyme consisted of a single polymer chain with an estimated molecular mass of 470 kda. the denatured enzy ... | 1997 | 9355751 |
| synthesis of some biologically active agents derived from thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. | the key compound 1-amino-8-iminocyclopenta[b]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine (5g) was prepared by reaction of 2-amino-3-cyano cyclopenta[b]thiophene (1) with triethyl orthoformate followed by cyclization with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol. refluxing of 1 with triethyl orthoformate in the presence of acetic anhydride gave an unexpected product 2. while reaction with aromatic amines gave the condensation products 4a-c. reaction of 5g with formic acid, other formate derivatives, ethoxymethylenemalononitrile ... | 1997 | 9362089 |
| necrotizing pneumonia caused by penicillium chrysogenum. | we report a case of necrotizing pneumonia due to penicillium chrysogenum in a 57-year-old woman operated on for lung cancer. the residual right lower pulmonary lobe was infiltrated by penicillium chrysogenum. the patient underwent a second pulmonary right lobectomy and was successfully treated with oral itraconazole. to our knowledge, this is the first case of pneumonia due to p. chrysogenum. | 1997 | 9399551 |
| expression of the cefg gene is limiting for cephalosporin biosynthesis in acremonium chrysogenum. | the conversion of deacetylcephalosporin c to cephalosporin c is inefficient in most acremonium chrysogenum strains. the cefg gene, which encodes deacetylcephalosporin c acetyltransferase, is expressed very poorly in a. chrysogenum as compared to other genes of the cephalosporin pathway. introduction of additional copies of the cefg gene with its native promoter (in two different constructions with upstream regions of 1056 bp and 538 bp respectively) did not produce a significant increase of the ... | 1997 | 9421924 |
| evolving enzyme technology for pharmaceutical applications: case studies. | the case studies focus on two types of enzyme applications for pharmaceutical development. demethylmacrocin o-methyltransferase, macrocin o-methyltransferase (both putatively rate-limiting) and tylosin reductase were purified from streptomyces fradiae, characterized and the genes manipulated for increasing tylosin biosynthesis in s. fradiae. the rate-limiting enzyme, deacetoxycephalosporin c (daoc) synthase/hydroxylase (expandase/ hydroxylase), was purified from cephalosporium acremonium, its ge ... | 1997 | 9451830 |
| molecular analysis of a penicillium chrysogenum gata factor encoding gene (srep) exhibiting significant homology to the ustilago maydis urbs1 gene. | employing a pcr-aided strategy, a penicillium chrysogenum gene (srep) encoding a putative gata-transcription factor has been cloned and characterized. comparison of the genomic and cdna sequences revealed the presence of an open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein of 532 amino acids (aa) which is interrupted by two introns. the deduced aa sequence of srep reveals 50% identity to a regulator of siderophore biosynthesis (urbs1) from ustilago maydis over a stretch of 200 aa containing two gata-t ... | 1997 | 9016950 |
| regulated system for heterologous gene expression in penicillium chrysogenum. | a system for regulated heterologous gene expression in the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum was established. this is the first heterologous expression system to be developed for this organism. expression of a recombinant fungal xylanase gene (xylp) and the cdna for the human tear lipocalin (lcni) was achieved by placing the encoding sequences under the control of the repressible acid phosphatase gene (phoa) promoter of p. chrysogenum. secreted recombinant proteins were detected in the ... | 1997 | 9023952 |
| molecular regulation of penicillin biosynthesis in aspergillus (emericella) nidulans. | the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin is produced as end product by only some filamentous fungi, most notably by aspergillus nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum. the biosynthesis of this secondary metabolite is catalyzed by three enzymes which are encoded by the following three genes: acva (pcbab), ipna (pcbc) and aat (pende). the genes are organized into a gene cluster. in a. nidulans, several studies have indicated that the genes are controlled by a complex regulatory network. the wide-domain ... | 1997 | 9066103 |