Publications

phya gene product of aspergillus ficuum and peniophora lycii produces dissimilar phytases.	phya gene products of aspergillus ficuum (af) and peniophora lycii (pl) as expressed in industrial strains of aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae, respectively, were purified to homogeneity and then characterized for both physical and biochemical properties. the pl phytase is 26 amino acid residues shorter than the af phytase. dynamic light scattering studies indicate that the active af phytase is a monomer while the pl phytase is a dimer. while both of the phytases retained four identical ...	2003	12659840
inducive effect of cresoquinone on microbiological transformation of l-tyrosine to 3,4 dihydroxy phenyl l-alanine by aspergillus oryzae ng-11(p1).	the present work describes the inducive effect of cresoquinone on microbiological transformation of l-tyrosine to 3,4 dihydroxy phenyl l-alanine ( l-dopa) by aspergillus oryzae ng-11(p1). mould mycelium was used for biochemical conversion of l-tyrosine to l-dopa because tyrosinases, beta-carboxylases and tyrosine hydroxylases are intracellular enzymes. the maximum conversion of l-tyrosine to l-dopa (0.428 mg/ml) was achieved after 60 min of biochemical reaction. to enhance the production of l-do ...	2003	12664148
enzymatic preparation of ginsenosides rg2, rh1, and f1 from protopanaxatriol-type ginseng saponin mixture.	during investigations on the hydrolysis of a protopanaxatriol-type saponin mixture by various glycoside hydrolases, it was found that two minor saponins, ginsenosides rg 2 and rh 1, were formed in high yields by crude beta-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae and crude lactase from penicillium sp., respectively. moreover, a crude preparation of naringinase from penicillium decumbens readily hydrolyzed a protopanaxatriol-type saponin mixture to give an intestinal bacterial metabolite, ginsenosid ...	2003	12677539
mycotoxin production in wheat grains by different aspergilli in relation to different relative humidities and storage periods.	four different aspergilli (aspergillus oryzae, a. parasiticus, a. terreus and a. versicolor) were grown on wheat grains underdifferent degrees of relative humidity 14, 50, 74, 80 and 90%. samples of wheat grains were taken monthly for a period of six months and examined for mycotoxin production. a. oryzae was found to produce aflatoxins b1, b2, zearalenone, don and t-2 toxins under elevated degrees of humidity and prolonged periods of storage. a. parasiticus produced aflatoxins b1, g1, niv, don ...	2003	12653428
electrophoretically mediated reaction of glycosidases at a nanoliter scale.	we have investigated electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (emma) for the assay of a native glyco-enzyme. as a representative of this class of enzyme, beta-glucosidase was selected, and the reaction was analyzed. our emma was based on the plug-plug interaction of enzyme and substrate plugs, which is essential to reduce quantities of materials. furthermore, we have addressed the problem of incompatibility of the enzymatic reaction and separation of the reactants. as a result, emma of native ...	2003	12658703
calotropis procera (sodom apple)--a potential material for enzyme purification.	a simple method based on precipitation with calotropis procera latex was developed for the purification of crude enzyme from fermentation broth. c. procera latex (10(-2) dilution) clarified and concentrated the crude amylase of aspergillus oryzae 4-fold with 97% recovery of the initial amylase activity in the filtrate in a single step operation. the latex was stable at ph < or = 4.5 and there was no significant difference (p < or = 0.05) in the purification potential of the latex at 4 and 28 deg ...	2003	12733587
molecular characterisation and expression analysis of the first hemicellulase gene (bxl1) encoding beta-xylosidase from the thermophilic fungus talaromyces emersonii.	the gene coding for beta-xylosidase, bxl1, has been cloned from the thermophilic filamentous fungus, talaromyces emersonii. this is the first report of a hemicellulase gene from this novel source. at the genomic level, bxl1 consists of an open reading frame of 2388 nucleotides with no introns that encodes a putative protein of 796 amino acids. the bxl1 translation product contains a signal peptide of 21 amino acids that yields a mature protein of 775 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass ...	2003	12763033
gene cloning and functional analysis of a second delta 6-fatty acid desaturase from an arachidonic acid-producing mortierella fungus.	we demonstrated that mortierella alpina 1s-4 has two delta 6-desaturases, which are involved in the desaturation of linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid. for one of the two delta 6-desaturases, designated as delta 6i, gene cloning and its heterologous expression in a fungus, aspergillus oryzae, has previously been reported. in addition, we indicated in this paper that there is an isozyme of the two delta 6-desaturases, designated as delta 6ii, in m. alpina 1s-4. the predicted amino acid sequenc ...	2003	12784608
a novel heterofunctional epoxy-amino sepabeads for a new enzyme immobilization protocol: immobilization-stabilization of beta-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae.	the properties of a new and commercially available amino-epoxy support (amino-epoxy-sepabeads) have been compared to conventional epoxy supports to immobilize enzymes, using the beta-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae as a model enzyme. the new support has a layer of epoxy groups over a layer of ethylenediamine that is covalently bound to the support. this support has both a great anionic exchanger strength and a high density of epoxy groups. epoxy supports require the physical adsorption of ...	2003	12790680
preventive effect of fermented brown rice and rice bran on diethylnitrosoamine and phenobarbital-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male f344 rats.	epidemiological and preclinical studies have suggested that nutrition plays an important role in the etiology of cancer. our group previously demonstrated that rice germ or fermented brown rice has a preventive effect on colorectal carcinogenesis. the experiment described here was examined for the potential anticancer properties of brown rice fermented by aspergillus oryzae (fbra) in male f344 rats using inhibition of diethylnitrosoamine (den) and phenobarbital (pb)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis ...	2003	12792738
cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of a cellobiohydrolase cdna from the basidiomycete corticium rolfsii.	from a corticium rolfsii cdna library, a clone homologous to other fungal cellobiohydrolase (cbh1) genes was isolated using the polymerase chain reaction. in the nucleotide sequence, one 1.6 kb long open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 530 amino acid residues was detected which showed 64% identity with cbh1 of phanerochaete chrysosporium. with expression of the 1.8 kb cdna using the aspergillus oryzae expression system, we detected microcrystalline cellulose (avicel) hydrolyzing activi ...	2003	12843660
active elimination of causative pcdfs/dds congeners of yusho by one year intake of fbra in japanese people.	thirty-five years have been passing since the outbreak of kanemi rice oil poisoning, namely, yusho in the western japan. however, even now the patients with yusho have been still suffering from several objective and subjective symptoms. in order to improve or, if possible, to cure the such symptoms, the most important therapeutic treatment is considered to actively excrete the most toxic causative pcdfs/dds congeners, that is, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (pencdf) and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro ...	2003	12872712
novel role of cytoplasmic dynein motor in maintenance of the nuclear number in conidia through organized conidiation in aspergillus oryzae.	cytoplasmic dynein is a minus-end-directed, microtubule-dependent motor protein complex. dhca, cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain in aspergillus oryzae, contained four p-loops involved in atp binding which were conserved as in cytoplasmic dynein heavy chains of other organisms. the amino acid sequence of a. oryzae dhca was similar to cytoplasmic dynein heavy chains from other organisms except for the n-terminus of saccharomyces cerevisiae dyn1. disruption of dhca gene in the region encoding four p-l ...	2003	12878196
upregulation of promoter activity of the aspergillus oryzae xylanase gene by site-directed mutagenesis.	in aspergillus oryzae, inductive expression of the xynf1 gene is mediated by a transcriptional activator, aoxlnr. promoter activity of the xynf1 gene, monitored by beta-galactosidase activity, was successfully upregulated by mutating two non-canonical aoxlnr binding sequences to what is thought to be the strongest sequence. transformants carrying three canonical binding sequences in the promoter region produced enzyme 2.8 times more active (33,000 units mg(-1) protein) than that of transformants ...	2003	12882555
thermal stability of alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae entrapped in polyacrylamide gel.	to determine the suitability as a time-temperature indicator for dielectric pasteurization processes, the thermal stability (50-75 degrees c) of aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase immobilized in polyacrylamide gel in phosphate buffer, mashed potatoes, and minced shrimp was examined. changing the cross-linking agent concentration from 3.3 to 5.3% and adding 2% salt did not markedly affect the thermal stability of the immobilized alpha-amylase. thermal inactivation was first order, and immobilizatio ...	2003	12926898
kinetic analysis of enhanced thermal stability of an alkaline protease with engineered twin disulfide bridges and calcium-dependent stability.	the thermal stability of a cysteine-free alkaline protease (alp) secreted by the eukaryote aspergillus oryzae was improved both by the introduction of engineered twin disulfide bridges (cys-69/cys-101 and cys-169/cys-200), newly constructed as part of this study, and by the addition of calcium ions. we performed an extensive kinetic analysis of the increased thermal stability of the mutants as well as the role of calcium dependence. the thermodynamic activation parameters for irreversible therma ...	2003	12451555
separation of enzymes from polyenzyme mixture used in medicine and pharmacy. ii. purification and characterization of extracellular beta-glycosidases with high transglycosylation activities from aspergillus oryzae.	three extracellular beta-glycosidases with different substrate specificities have been isolated from aspergillus oryzae (luizym) and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by molecular-sieve and ion-exchange chromatographic methods. the enzymes were characterized as monomeric glycoproteins with an estimated molecular mass of 95 kda by sds-page and 92 kda by gel-permeation chromatography on superose 12 hr 10/30. beta-glycosidase i (phopt 4.8; topt 40 degrees c, pl 4.5) was able to catalyze the h ...	2003	12622257
pulsed feeding during fed-batch fungal fermentation leads to reduced viscosity without detrimentally affecting protein expression.	the goal in this study was to determine if pulsed addition of substrate could be used to alter filamentous fungal morphology during fermentation, to result in reduced broth viscosity. in all experiments, an industrially relevant strain of aspergillus oryzae was grown in 20-liter fermentors. as a control, cultures were fed limiting substrate (glucose) continuously. tests were performed by altering the feeding strategy so that the same total amount of glucose was fed in repeated 300-s cycles, with ...	2003	12474257
effect of deletion of chitin synthase genes on mycelial morphology and culture viscosity in aspergillus oryzae.	the objective of this study was to quantify the effect of disrupting two chitin synthases, chsb and csma, on the morphology and rheology during batch cultivation of aspergillus oryzae. the rheological properties were characterized in batch cultivations at different biomass concentrations (from 3.4-22.5 g kg(-1) biomass) and the power-law model adequately described the rheological properties. in the cultivations there were pellets, clumps, and freely dispersed hyphal elements. the different morph ...	2003	12514801
aorsin, a novel serine proteinase with trypsin-like specificity at acidic ph.	a proteinase that hydrolyses clupeine and salmine at acidic ph, called aorsin, was found in the fungus aspergillus oryzae. purified aorsin also hydrolysed benzyloxycarbonyl-arg-arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide optimally at ph 4.0. the specificity of aorsin appeared to require a basic residue at the p(1) position and to prefer paired basic residues. aorsin activated plasminogen and converted trypsinogen to trypsin. the trypsin-like activity was inhibited strongly by antipain or leupeptin, but was not ...	2003	12519073
telomeric repeat sequence of aspergillus oryzae consists of dodeca-nucleotides.	four telomeres in the chromosomes of aspergillus oryzae nfri1599 were cloned and sequenced. the telomeric repeat sequence of a. oryzae consisted of dodeca-nucleotides: ttagggtcaaca. the length of the telomeric repeat tract was 114-136 bp, which corresponds to 9-11 repeats of the dodeca-nucleotide sequence. compared to a chromosome internal control (18s rdna), the telomeric sequences were found to be sensitive to bal31 exonuclease digestion, thus proving that the identified telomeric repeat seque ...	2003	12698283
cloning and overexpression of beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase encoding gene naga from aspergillus oryzae and enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of human milk oligosaccharide.	we isolated a beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase encoding gene from the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae, and designated it naga. the naga gene encoded a polypeptide of 600 amino acids with significant similarity to glucosaminidases and hexosaminidases of various eukaryotes. a. oryzae strain carrying the naga gene under the control of the improved glaa promoter produced large amounts of beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase in a wheat bran solid culture. the beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase was purified from ...	2003	12723619
functional analysis of the calcineurin-encoding gene cnaa from aspergillus oryzae: evidence for its putative role in stress adaptation.	the presence of putative stre (stress response regulatory element) and hsf (heat-shock factor) transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of the gene encoding calcineurin ( cnaa) from aspergillus oryzae implicated a probable role for calcineurin in the stress response. the activity of calcineurin was enhanced during growth of the wild-type strain in the presence of 1 m nacl (2.6-fold), at alkaline ph 10.0 (2.9-fold) and at 37 degrees c (1.6-fold). the induction of cnaa antisense e ...	2003	12709783
dipeptidyl peptidase iv on activated t cells as a target molecule for therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.	the extracellular domain of the t cell co-stimulatory molecule cd26 possesses dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dp iv) enzyme activity. activated t cells are known to increase expression of cell surface dp iv and some specific inhibitors of this enzyme have been reported to suppress t cell function. previously we have identified a dp iv inhibitor, designated tmc-2, found in culture supernatant of aspergillus oryzae. administration of tmc-2 to rats with adjuvant arthritis caused marked suppression of paw ...	2003	12519388
change in maltose- and soluble starch-hydrolyzing activities of chimeric alpha-glucosidases of mucor javanicus and aspergillus oryzae.	the chimeric alpha-glucosidases of mucor javanicus and aspergillus oryzae, which has high activity toward not only maltooligosaccharides but also soluble starch and has high activity toward maltooligosaccharides but faint activity toward soluble starch, respectively, were constructed by shuffling the c-terminal regions where low homology is observed between the two enzymes. the chimera genes were expressed in pichia pastoris to produce and secrete the enzymes that have predicted molecular masses ...	2003	12535604
sequence comparison of aflr from different aspergillus species provides evidence for variability in regulation of aflatoxin production.	aflatoxin contamination of foods and feeds is a world-wide agricultural problem. aflatoxin production requires expression of the biosynthetic pathway regulatory gene, aflr, which encodes a cys6zn2-type dna-binding protein. homologs of aflr from aspergillus nomius, bombycis, parasiticus, flavus, and pseudotamarii were compared to investigate the molecular basis for variation among aflatoxin-producing taxa in the regulation of aflatoxin production. variability was found in putative promoter consen ...	2003	12553937
substrate aggregation due to aerial hyphae during discontinuously mixed solid-state fermentation with aspergillus oryzae: experiments and modeling.	solid-state fermentation (ssf) is prone to process failure due to channeling caused by evaporative cooling and the formation of an interparticle mycelium network. mixing is needed to break the mycelium network and to avoid such failure. this study presents the first attempt to quantify and predict the effect of mycelium bonds on particle mixing and vice versa. we developed a novel experimental set-up to measure the tensile strength of hyphal bonds in ssf: aspergillus oryzae was cultivated betwee ...	2003	12827692
construction of an efficient expression system for aspergillus isopullulanase in pichia pastoris, and a simple purification method.	aspergillus niger atcc 9642 isopullulanase (ipu) was heterologously expressed by pichia pastoris gs115 under three different signal sequences of saccharomyces cerevisiae acid phosphatase, s. cerevisiae alpha-factor prepro peptide, and a. niger isopullulanase. one-step purification using lectin con a affinity chromatography yielded recombinant ipu (ipu-pp) with high purity. ipu-pp had a higher carbohydrate content than native ipu and ipu-ao expressed in a. oryzae m-2-3. ipu-pp hydrolyzed various ...	2003	12834298
authentic and recombinant bilirubin oxidases are in different resting forms.	myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase expressed in aspergillus oryzae is in a resting form different from that of the authentic bilirubin oxidase, but reaches the resting form of the authentic enzyme after one cycle of reduction and reoxidation with dioxygen as shown by the absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra.	2003	12834300
pulsed addition of limiting-carbon during aspergillus oryzae fermentation leads to improved productivity of a recombinant enzyme.	fungal morphology in many filamentous fungal fermentations leads to high broth viscosity which limits oxygen mass transfer, and often results in reduced productivity. the objective in this study was to determine if a simple, fed-batch, process strategy-pulsed addition of limiting-carbon source-could be used to reduce fungal broth viscosity, and increase productivity of an industrially relevant recombinant enzyme (glucoamylase). as a control, three aspergillus oryzae fed-batch fermentations were ...	2003	12569630
single-strand-specific nucleases.	single-strand-specific nucleases are multifunctional enzymes and widespread in distribution. their ability to act selectively on single-stranded nucleic acids and single-stranded regions in double-stranded nucleic acids has led to their extensive application as probes for the structural determination of nucleic acids. intracellularly, they have been implicated in recombination, repair and replication, whereas extracellular enzymes have a role in nutrition. although more than 30 single-strand-spe ...	2003	12586391
crystal structures of aspergillus oryzae aspartic proteinase and its complex with an inhibitor pepstatin at 1.9a resolution.	the x-ray structures of aspergillus oryzae aspartic proteinase (aoap) and its complex with inhibitor pepstatin have been determined at 1.9a resolution. aoap was crystallized in an orthorhombic system with the space group p2(1)2(1)2(1) and cell dimensions of a=49.4a, b=79.4a, and c=93.6a. by the soaking of pepstatin, crystals are transformed into a monoclinic system with the space group c2 and cell dimensions of a=106.8a, b=38.6a, c=78.7a, and beta=120.3 degrees. the structures of aoap and aoap/p ...	2003	12595261
solubilization of trichloroacetic acid (tca) precipitated microbial proteins via naoh for two-dimensional electrophoresis.	in preparing intracellular microbial samples for one- or two-dimensional electrophoresis, trichloroacetic acid (tca) precipitation is frequently used to remove interfering compounds. solubilization of tca precipitate typically requires the addition of a number of chaotropes or detergents, in a multistep process, that requires hours to carry out. in this study, a simple, rapid, one-step method to solubilize tca precipitated proteins is presented. precipitated proteins are pretreated with 0.2 m na ...	2003	12643547
molecular breeding of the mureka-non-forming sake koji mold from aspergillus oryzae by the disruption of the mrea gene.	mureka-non-forming sake koji molds were constructed from an aspergillus oryzae industrial strain by the disruption of the mrea gene using a host-vector system with the ptra gene as a dominant selectable marker. all of the mrea gene disruptants obtained retained the advantages of the host strain in terms of the brewing characteristics, while their isoamyl alcohol oxidase (iaaod) activities were significantly lower than that of the host strain. sake brewing was successfully carried out using the k ...	2003	16233364
dffa gene from aspergillus oryzae encodes l-ornithine n5-oxygenase and is indispensable for deferriferrichrysin biosynthesis.	we identified and analyzed the dffa gene from aspergillus oryzae which encodes l-ornithine n5-oxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of deferriferrichrysin, a type of siderophore which is a low-molecular-weight iron chelating compound. from among more than 20,000 clones in an a. oryzae est (expressed sequence tag) library, we found only one clone encoding a protein that exhibited homology to theustilago maydis sid1 protein (sid1) and pseudomonas aeruginosa pvda protein (pvda), both known as the ...	2003	16233371
synergistic degradation of arabinoxylan with alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase, xylanase and beta-xylosidase from soy sauce koji mold, aspergillus oryzae, in high salt condition.	this study addresses induction and some properties of alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from a soy sauce koji mold, aspergillus oryzae hl15, cultured on solid and liquid media. alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase was induced by soybean polysaccharide and secreted into media on solid cultivation; the enzyme was associated with mycelium as a cell-wall-bound form in liquid cultivation. a major alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase, which was purified homogeneously on sds-page, showed highest activity in the presence of 10 ...	2003	16233386
production of two types of phytase from aspergillus oryzae during industrial koji making.	in our previous study, it was determined that phytase produced by aspergillus oryzae plays an important role in supplying phosphate to yeast in the process of making sake. during koji making, two types of phytase (phy-i and phy-ii) are produced. the purified phytases have high thermal and ph stability, in comparison to phytase purified from a submerged culture (acp-ii). in the present study, phy-i and phy-ii retained their activities for 45 h. the nh2-terminal sequence of phy-1, which is eight a ...	2003	16233440
overexpression of aspergillus aculeatus cellobiohydrolase i in aspergillus oryzae.	to express the cbhi gene, encoding aspergillus aculeatus cellobiohydrolase i (cbhi), in aspergillus oryzae, a plasmid was constructed. the strain that displayed the strongest cbhi activity among the transformants produced about 941 mg/l in liquid culture. it was confirmed by a pcr method that the plasmid was integrated at the niad locus.	2003	16233469
production and properties of phytase and acid phosphatase from a sake koji mold, aspergillus oryzae.	we identified three types of acid phosphatase (acp-i, acp-ii, and acp-iii) produced by aspergillus oryzae in a submerged culture using only phytic acid as the phosphorous substrate. the optimum ph for the activities of the three enzymes was in the range of 4.5 to 5.5. analysis of the substrate specificities of these enzymes revealed that acp-i and acp-iii were acid phosphatases, and acp-ii was a phytase. these enzymes were produced during different periods of mycelial growth: acp-ii was produced ...	2003	16233418
[the action of s1 nuclease and a cloning strategy for microcircular dnas].	s1 nuclease (from aspergillus oryzae) is a specific enzyme to degrade single stranded dna or rna molecules. it has been reported to be able to convert superhelical circular dna molecules into open circle or linear forms under certain conditions, but this function has not been well explored. in order to use the action of s1 nuclease to linearize circular dna and develop a novel way of cloning microcircular dnas, the puc19 was used to investigate the relationship between the linearization efficien ...	2003	15966330
transformation of aspergillus aculeatus using the drug resistance gene of aspergillus oryzae and the pyrg gene of aspergillus nidulans.	transformation systems for aspergillus aculeatus has been developed, based on the use of the pyrithiamine resistance gene of aspergillus oryzae and the orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase gene (pyrg) of aspergillus nidulans. an a. aculeatus mutant which can be transformed effectively by the a. nidulans pyrg gene was isolated as a transformation host. this is the first report of transformation of a. aculeatus.	2003	14730150
characteristics of a newly isolated fungus geotrichum candidum dec 1 with broad degradation spectrum of xenobiotic compounds.	a newly isolated fungus, geotrichum candidum dec 1 (abbreviated as dec 1), was found to have the ability to degrade many xenobiotic compounds such as synthetic dyes, food coloring agents, molasses, organic halogens, lignin and kraft pulp effluents. the broad spectrum of the degradation of these compounds are associated mainly with peroxidases produced by the fungus.	2003	15296177
cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of thielavia terrestris glucoamylase.	thielavia terrestris is a soil-borne thermophilic fungus whose molecular/ cellular biology is poorly understood. only a few genes have been cloned from the thielavia genus. we detected an extracellular glucoamylase in culture filtrates of t. terrestris and cloned the corresponding glaa gene. the coding region contains five introns. based on the amino acid sequence, the glucoamylase was 65% identical to neurospora crassa glucoamylase. sequence comparisons suggested that the enzyme belongs to the ...	2003	14665735
protein purification, cdna cloning and characterization of a protease inhibitor from the indian tasar silkworm, antheraea mylitta.	an inhibitor of aspergillus oryzae fungal protease was purified to homogeneity from the hemolymph of fifth instar larvae of antheraea mylitta by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange and gel filtration (fplc) chromatography, and termed as amfpi-1. the extent of purification was checked by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the molecular weight of purified inhibitor was determined by sds-page as 10.4 kda. fifteen n-terminal amino acid sequences of this protein were determined, and ...	2003	14505696
natural killer cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine profile in tumor-bearing mice treated with mapa, a magnesium aggregated polymer from aspergillus oryzae.	the present study examined the effects of mapa, an antitumor aggregated polymer of protein magnesium ammonium phospholinoleate-palmitoleate anhydride, isolated from aspergillus oryzae, on concanavalin a (con a)-induced spleen cell proliferation, cytokine production and on natural killer (nk) cell activity in ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. the ehrlich ascites tumor (eat) growth led to diminished mitogen-induced expansion of spleen cell populations and total nk activity. this was accompanied ...	2003	19180795
enzymatic synthesis of l-menthyl alpha-maltoside and l-menthyl alpha-maltooligosides from l-menthyl alpha-glucoside by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase.	l-menthyl alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (alpha-meng2), a novel glycoside of l-menthol, was synthesized enzymatically and its physicochemical properties were characterized. production of alpha-meng2 from l-menthyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside (alpha-meng) was attempted since we had already succeeded in the high-yield production of alpha-meng using a xanthomonas campestris enzyme (nakagawa h., et al. j. biosci. bioeng., 89, 138-144, 2000). through production tests on enzymes, i ...	2002	16233280
recent studies of protein secretion by filamentous fungi.	filamentous fungi have been widely exploited for the homologous and heterologous protein production, because of the high capacity of their protein secretion machinery. however, the production of heterologous proteins is often limited while the production of homologous proteins can be very high. various researches have reported the methods for overcoming this problem and some techniques, such as the fusion gene system, improve the production of heterologous proteins. recently, the molecular biolo ...	2002	16233346
production of cellulose- and xylan-degrading enzymes by a koji mold, aspergillus oryzae, and their contribution to the maceration of rice endosperm cell wall.	the production of cellulose- (cel), xylan- (xyl), and pectin-degrading enzymes (pec) by a koji mold, aspergillus oryzae, was studied, and their contributions to the maceration of the rice endosperm cell wall were investigated with regard to the utilization of available rice in the sake mash. the sake koji mold showed higher cel and xyl productivities, whereas the miso and soy sauce koji molds showed higher pec productivity. statistical analyses indicated that cel and xyl contribute predominantly ...	2002	16233157
simultaneous display of bacterial and fungal lipases on the cell surface of bacillus subtilis.	a small cell wall-binding domain (cwb(c)) of the bacillus subtilis peptidoglycan hydrolase cwlc fused to b. subtilis lipase b was able to be localized on the cell wall of b. subtilis. with the aim of developing an efficient lipid-hydrolyzing bacterium with two different lipases on the cell surface, plasmids possessing genes for lipb-cwb(c) and cwb(b)-cutl (the cell wall-binding domain of cwlb fused to the aspergillus oryzae lipolytic enzyme cutl) were constructed. b. subtilis harboring these pla ...	2002	16233158
properties of cellulose-degrading enzymes from aspergillus oryzae and their contribution to material utilization and alcohol yield in sake mash fermentation.	four cellulose-degrading enzymes were identified in a solid-state culture of aspergillus oryzae. the three major enzymes were purified and named cel-1, cel-2, and cel-3, respectively. the molecular weights were determined to be 62, 120, and 34 kda, respectively. the optimum temperature of cel-3 activity was higher than that of the other enzymes. an acidic ph was found to be more suitable for cel-1 activity than for the other enzymes, and cel-3 was more stable under acidic conditions than the oth ...	2002	16233235
specific expression and temperature-dependent expression of the acid protease-encoding gene (pepa) in aspergillus oryzae in solid-state culture (rice-koji).	the synthesis of acid protease in rice-koji is important for sake brewing. northern blot analysis was carried out to study the transcriptional regulation of acid protease-encoding gene (pepa in aspergillus orytae. the pepa gene was not expressed in submerged culture, while it was expressed when cultured on steamed rice. additionally, the culture at high temperature (>38 degrees c) caused a marked decrease in transcription level of pepa, although the alpha-amylase (amyb) and actin genes were expr ...	2002	16233250
antifungal activity of substituted 8-quinolinol-5- and 7-sulfonic acids: a mechanism of action is suggested based on intramolecular synergism.	8-quinolinol-5-sulfonic acid was nearly devoid of antimicrobial activity, due to what was believed to be an unfavorable partition coefficient. since twenty six 8-quinolinol-5- and 7-sulfonic acids were available from our previous work, they were tested against six fungi. the 7-chloro and 7-bromo-5-sulfonic acids and the 5-chloro and 5-bromo-7-sulfonic acids showed fungal inhibition within one order of magnitude of that of 8-quinolinol. it is suggested that a nonchelating mechanism is in part res ...	2002	12650598
[improvement of recombinant xylanase xynf1 from aspergillus oryzae expressed in pichia pastoris by site-directed mutagenesis].	the recombinant xylanase xynf1 from aspergillus oryzae expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris was improved by site-directed mutagenesis. the mutant i156a secreted about 47.7 u/ml xylanase xynf1 in the bmmy medium. the mutant xylanase xynf1 was purified by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. the molecular weight of purified xynf1 was 35 kd. xynf1 was stable between ph 4-9 and its optimum ph was 7.0. the optimum temperature of xynf1 was 45 degrees c and it was stable b ...	2002	12557547
[cloning and sequencing of lactase gene from aspergillus candidus].	genomic dna and cdna sequences of lactase from aspergillus candidus were cloned. sequences analysis revealed that the genomic dna was 3458 bp containing eight introns, cdna was 3015 bp and encoding a polypeptide of 1005 amino acid residues. signal peptide was 19 amino acid residues, eleven potential n-glycosylation sites were assumed. comparing the gene cdna and amino acid sequences with other lactase sequences from various sources, it showed a very low homology with most of other sequences. alt ...	2002	12561200
protein expression and secretion in the yeast yarrowia lipolytica.	strains and vectors for protein expression and secretion have been developed in the yeast yarrowia lipolytica. host strains were constructed with non-reverting auxotrophic markers, deletions of protease-encoding genes, and carrying a docking platform. to drive transcription, either the synthetic hp4d or the inducible pox2 promoter were used. protein secretion is either directed by the targeting sequence of the alkaline extracellular protease or the extracellular lipase (lip2p) signal sequence. w ...	2002	12702287
expression of an alpha-galactosidase from saccharomyces cerevisiae in aspergillus awamori and aspergillus oryzae.	a gene encoding alpha-galactosidase activity was isolated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from saccharomyces cerevisiae ncyc686 and separately placed under the control of transcriptional elements regulating alpha-amylase expression in aspergillus oryzae and glucoamylase expression in a. awamori. following transformation of both a. oryzae and a. awamori with their respective expression vectors, induction of heterologous alpha-galactosidase from positively selected clones was effected through t ...	2002	12074058
purification and characterization of an extracellular protease from penicillium chrysogenum pg222 active against meat proteins.	an extracellular protease from penicillium chrysogenum (pg222) isolated from dry-cured ham has been purified. the purification procedure involved several steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, filtration, and separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) analysis and gel filtration, the purified fraction showed a molecular mass of about 35 kda. the hydrolytic properties of the purif ...	2002	12089038
cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and expression of the beta-galactosidase-encoding gene (laca) from aspergillus oryzae.	laca coding for beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) was cloned from the genomic dna of aspergillus oryzae rib40. there were 9 exons in laca and the coding region of 3,015 bp encoded a protein of 1,005 aa with a deduced molecular mass of 109,898. a. oryzae laca was highly homologous to fungal beta-gals, with the highest aa identity of 70.7% to a. niger laca, and also showed significant identity to acid beta-gals belonging to family 35 glycosyl hydrolases. approximately 10 copies of laca under control o ...	2002	12469296
production of alpha-amylase with aspergillus oryzae on spent brewing grain by solid substrate fermentation.	ten aspergillus oryzae strains were screened in solid substrate fermentation for alpha-amylase production on spent brewing grain (sbg) and on corn fiber. sbg proved to be a better substrate for enzyme production than corn fiber. a plackett-burman experimental design was used to optimize the medium composition for the best strain. solid substrate fermentation on optimized medium with a. oryzae nrrl 1808 (=atcc 12892) strain in stationary 500-ml erlenmeyer flask culture yielded 4519 u of alpha-amy ...	2002	12396145
determination of platinated purines in oligoribonucleotides by limited digestion with ribonucleases t1 and u2.	platinum complexes which are known to react preferentially with guanine (g) and adenine (a) bases of oligonucleotides can be used as tools to analyze their tertiary structures and eventually to cross-link them. however, this requires efficient methods to allow the identification and quantification of the corresponding adducts which have so far been developed only for oligodeoxyribonucleotides. maxam-gilbert type digestions cannot be used for rnas and hplc techniques would require too large amoun ...	2002	12413471
water and glucose gradients in the substrate measured with nmr imaging during solid-state fermentation with aspergillus oryzae.	gradients inside substrate particles cannot be prevented in solid-state fermentation. these gradients can have a strong effect on the physiology of the microorganisms but have hitherto received little attention in experimental studies. we report gradients in moisture and glucose content during cultivation of aspergillus oryzae on membrane-covered wheat-dough slices that were calculated from (1)h-nmr images. we found that moisture gradients in the solid substrate remain small when evaporation is ...	2002	12209813
statistical media optimization and production of its alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae in a bioreactor.	the production of an intermediate temperature-stable (its) alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae was studied by using a central composite design with three independent variables, viz., starch, yeast extract, and k(2)hpo(4). the model equation provided a suitable model for the response surface for alpha-amylase production, and, from the optimal concentrations of the medium components, a model was predicted, which was then used for enzyme production in a 150-l bioreactor. in the bioreactor studies ...	2002	12177743
toxicological studies on laccase from myceliophthora thermophila expressed in aspergillus oryzae.	the bioindustrially produced enzyme laccase can be used in different technical and food applications to facilitate processes. it can be added to different oral care products such as mouthwash, toothpaste, mints, and gums to prevent halitosis. laccase, produced by submerged fermentation of aspergillus oryzae, containing a gene originating from myceliophthora thermophila, was subject to a series of toxicological tests to document its safety in use. it was not found to be mutagenic in the salmonell ...	2002	12202045
the potential for establishment of axial temperature profiles during solid-state fermentation in rotating drum bioreactors.	the mixing and heat transfer phenomena within rotating drum bioreactors (rdbs) used for solid-state fermentation processes are poorly studied. the potential for the establishment of axial temperature gradients within the substrate bed was explored using a heat transfer model. for growth of aspergillus oryzae on wheat bran within a 24 l rdb with air at a superficial velocity of 0.0023 m s(-1) and 15% relative humidity, the model predicts an axial gradient between the air inlet and outlet of 2 deg ...	2002	12209792
transcriptional activator, aoxlnr, mediates cellulose-inductive expression of the xylanolytic and cellulolytic genes in aspergillus oryzae.	aoxlnr was isolated as a transcriptional activator of the major xylanase gene, xynf1, in aspergillus oryzae. to investigate the spectrum of genes under the control of aoxlnr, expression of the xylanolytic and cellulolytic genes in an a. oryzae wild type strain, an aoxlnr disruptant and an aoxlnr overexpressed strain was analyzed by northern blotting. aoxlnr mediated expression of at least four xylanolytic genes and four cellulolytic genes when induced by xylan and d-xylose. moreover, aoxlnr was ...	2002	12297320
synthesis of alpha-amylase by aspergillus oryzae in solid-state fermentation.	spent brewing grains (sbg) was evaluated for its efficacy to be used as sole carbon source for the synthesis of alpha-amylase in solid-state fermentation using a fungal strain of aspergillus oryzae nrrl 6270. enzyme production was superior when the culture grew on mesophilic temperatures and best yields were at 25 degrees c. at 30 degrees c, yields were almost comparable. maximum production of alpha-amylase [6870 u/g dry substrate (gds)] was obtained when ssf was carried out at 30 degrees c for ...	2002	12362403
effect of ph on simultaneous saccharification and isomerization by glucoamylase and glucose isomerase.	ph and temperature play critical roles in multistep enzymatic conversions. in such conversions, the optimal ph for individual steps differs greatly. in this article, we describe the production of glucoamylase (from aspergillus oryzae mtcc152 in solid-state fermentation) and glucose isomerase (from streptomyces griseus ncim2020 in submerged fermentation), used in industries for producing high-fructose syrup. optimum ph for glucoamylase was found to be 5.0. for glucose isomerase, the optimum ph ra ...	2002	12396122
cloning and structural analysis of bglm gene coding for the fungal cell wall-lytic beta-1,3-glucan-hydrolase bglm of bacillus circulans iam1165.	bacillus circulans iam1165 produces isoforms of beta-1,3-glucan-hydrolases. of these enzymes, the 42-kda enzyme bgim degrades aspergillus oryzae cell walls the most actively. a gene coding for a bgim precursor consisting of 411 amino acid residues was cloned. the 27 n-terminal amino acid sequence of the precursor is a signal peptide. the 141 c-terminal amino acid sequence showed a motif of carbohydrate-binding module family 13. this domain bound to pachyman, lichenan, and a. oryzae cell walls. t ...	2002	12162545
microbiological transformation of l-tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl l-alanine (l-dopa) by a mutant strain of aspergillus oryzae uv-7.	the present study deals with the microbiological transformation of l-tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl l-alanine by a mutant strain of aspergillus oryzae uv-7. sixteen different mutant strains of aspergillus oryzae (gcb-6) were isolated through uv-irradiation. these mutant strains were screened for the production of mold mycelia by submerged fermentation in 250-ml erlenmeyer flasks. of all the mutant strains examined, uv-7 gave maximum production of l-dopa (1.28 mg/ml). the reaction was carried ou ...	2002	12070684
effect of molecular confinement on internal enzyme dynamics: frequency domain fluorometry and molecular dynamics simulation studies.	the tryptophanyl emission decay of the mesophilic beta-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae free in buffer and entrapped in agarose gel is investigated as a function of temperature and compared to that of the hyperthermophilic enzyme from sulfolobus solfataricus. both enzymes are tetrameric proteins with a large number of tryptophanyl residues, so the fluorescence emission can provide information on the conformational dynamics of the overall protein structure rather than that of the local envir ...	2002	12073936
molecular cloning and overexpression of flea gene encoding a fucose-specific lectin of aspergillus oryzae.	a protein from the cell lysate of aspergillus oryzae was purified by column chromatography immobilized with a ferrichrysin (fcy), which is one of the siderophores of a. oryzae. it is produced only in an iron-deficient culture and its molecular weight is estimated as 35,000 by sds-page. two internal amino acid sequences of the protein obtained by lysylendopeptidase digestion were analyzed. molecular cloning shows that it encodes 310 putative amino acid residues separated by 4 introns and is desig ...	2002	12092808
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the glutamate decarboxylase-encoding gene gada from aspergillus oryzae.	we cloned a genomic dna encoding the glutamate decarboxylase (gad) from aspergillus oryzae using a 200-bp dna fragment as the probe. this dna fragment was amplified by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with mrna of a. oryzae as the template and degenerate primers designed from the conserved amino acid sequence of escherichia coli gad and arabidopsis thaliana gad. nucleotide sequencing analysis showed that the cloned gene (designated gada) encoded 514 amino acid residues and con ...	2002	12596854
aspergillus oryzae in solid-state and submerged fermentations. progress report on a multi-disciplinary project.	we report the progress of a multi-disciplinary research project on solid-state fermentation (ssf) of the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. the molecular and physiological aspects of the fungus in submerged fermentation (smf) and ssf are compared and we observe a number of differences correlated with the different growth conditions. first, the aerial hyphae which occur only in ssfs are mainly responsible for oxygen uptake. second, ssf is characterised by gradients in temperature, water activ ...	2002	12702312
metabolic engineering of the morphology of aspergillus oryzae by altering chitin synthesis.	morphology and alpha-amylase production during submerged cultivation were examined in a wild-type strain (a1560) and in strains of aspergillus oryzae in which chitin synthase b (chsb) and chitin synthesis myosin a (csma) have been disrupted (chsb/g and cm101). in a flowthrough cell, the growth of submerged hyphal elements was studied online, making it possible to examine the growth kinetics of the three strains. the average tip extension rates of the cm101 and chsb/g strains were 25 and 88% lowe ...	2002	11916702
a simple method for enrichment of uninucleate conidia of aspergillus oryzae.	aspergillus oryzae produces multinucleate conidia, which makes the obtaining of homokaryons labor-intensive. analysis of conidia by flow cytometry clarified the relationship that conidia of lower nuclear number were smaller in size. based on this, we have developed a simple way to enrich uninucleate conidia with a membrane filter. our results also suggest that the method is useful for elimination of heterokaryons.	2002	12005075
production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose by aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase immobilized on cotton cloth.	the production of galacto-oligosaccharides (gos) from lactose by a. oryzae beta-galactosidase immobilized on cotton cloth was studied. the total amounts and types of gos produced were mainly affected by the initial lactose concentration in the reaction media. in general, more and larger gos can be produced with higher initial lactose concentrations. a maximum gos production of 27% (w/w) of initial lactose was achieved at 50% lactose conversion with 500 g/l of initial lactose concentration. tri-s ...	2002	11745169
reactivity and stability of mycelium-bound carboxylesterase from aspergillus oryzae.	the reactivity and thermostability of a novel mycelium-bound carboxylesterase from lyophilized cells of aspergillus oryzae are explored in organic solvent. ethanol acetylation was selected as reference esterification reaction. high carboxylesterase activity cells were used as biocatalyst in batch esterification tests at 12.5 < s(o) < 125 mmol l(-1), 5.0 < x(o) < 30 g l(-1), 0.49 < log p < 4.5 and 30 < t < 80 degrees c, as well as in residual activity tests after incubation at 40 < t < 90 degrees ...	2002	11753931
physiological characterisation of recombinant aspergillus nidulans strains with different crea genotypes expressing a. oryzae alpha-amylase.	the physiology of three strains of aspergillus nidulans was examined--a crea deletion strain, a wild type crea genotype and a strain containing extra copies of the crea gene, all producing aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase. the strains were cultured in batch and continuous cultivations and the biomass formation and alpha-amylase production was characterised. overexpression of the crea gene resulted in a lower maximum specific growth rate and a slightly higher repression of the alpha-amylase produ ...	2002	11689252
synthesis and utility of sulfated chromogenic carbohydrate model substrates for measuring activities of mucin-desulfating enzymes.	a chromogenic substrate, 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside 6-sodium sulfate was synthesized and used in combination with beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase for detection of the sulfatase, mdsa, by release of 4-nitrophenol. mdsa was originally isolated from the bacterium prevotella strain rs2 and is believed to be involved in desulfation of sulfomucins, major components of the mucus barrier protecting the human colon surface. the exo nature of the mdsa sulfatase was indicated by i ...	2002	12062525
validation of a model for process development and scale-up of packed-bed solid-state bioreactors.	we have validated our previously described model for scale-up of packed-bed solid-state fermenters (weber et al., 1999) with experiments in an adiabatic 15-dm(3) packed-bed reactor, using the fungi coniothyrium minitans and aspergillus oryzae. effects of temperature on respiration, growth, and sporulation of the biocontrol fungus c. minitans on hemp impregnated with a liquid medium were determined in independent experiments, and the first two effects were translated into a kinetic model, which w ...	2002	11787011
a transcriptional activator, aoxlnr, controls the expression of genes encoding xylanolytic enzymes in aspergillus oryzae.	by deletion across the promoter region of the xynf1 gene encoding the major aspergillus oryzae xylanase, a 53-bp dna fragment containing the xlnr binding sequence ggctaaa as well as two similar sequences was shown to confer xylan inducibility on the gene. complementary and genomic dnas encoding the aspergillus niger xlnr homologous gene, abbreviated aoxlnr, were cloned from a. oryzae and sequenced. aoxlnr comprised 971 amino acids with a zinc binuclear cluster domain at the n-terminal region and ...	2002	11848678
generic model of morphological changes in growing colonies of fungi.	fungal colonies are able to exhibit different morphologies depending on the environmental conditions. this allows them to cope with and adapt to external changes. when grown in solid or semisolid media the bulk of the colony is compact and several morphological transitions have been reported to occur as the external conditions are varied. here we show how a unified simple mathematical model, which includes the effect of the accumulation of toxic metabolites, can account for the morphological cha ...	2002	11863559
immobilization of an l-aminoacylase-producing strain of aspergillus oryzae into gelatin pellets and its application in the resolution of d,l-methionine.	the conditions for immobilization of an l-aminoacylase-producing strain of aspergillus oryzae in gelatin and the enzymic characteristics of the immobilized pellets were studied. the optimal concentrations of gelatin, glutaraldehyde and ethyldiamine and time of immobilization were determined. scanning electron micrographs reveal the cross-linked structure differences between the native and immobilized pellets. optimum ph and temperature of the native and immobilized pellets were determined. effec ...	2002	11916452
observation of egfp-visualized nuclei and distribution of vacuoles in aspergillus oryzae arpa null mutant.	the arpa gene encoding arp1 (actin-related protein) was previously cloned and characterized from aspergillus oryzae. phenotypes of the arpa null mutant indicate its requirement for normal nuclear distribution and morphology of conidiophores. in this study, we further characterized the function of the arpa gene in distribution of organelles. for further analysis of nuclear migration in living cells, an expression system consisting of a fusion protein of aspergillus nidulans histone h2b and egfp ( ...	2002	11786257
estimation of hyphal tensile strength in production-scale aspergillus oryzae fungal fermentations.	fragmentation of filamentous fungal hyphae depends on two phenomena: hydrodynamic stresses, which lead to hyphal breakage, and hyphal tensile strength, which resists breakage. the goal of this study was to use turbulent hydrodynamic theory to develop a correlation that allows experimental data of morphology and hydrodynamics to be used to estimate relative (pseudo) tensile strength (sigma(pseudo)) of filamentous fungi. fed-batch fermentations were conducted with a recombinant strain of aspergill ...	2002	11807755
chsz, a gene for a novel class of chitin synthase from aspergillus oryzae.	we cloned and characterized a novel aspergillus oryzae chitin synthase gene, chsz, encoding a polypeptide containing a new myosin motor-like domain in its n-terminal half. alignment analysis revealed that chsz was less homologous to known class v enzymes, except for its probable chitin synthase conserved region in the c-terminal half. we also found a chsy gene and found that chsy showed higher similarity to the class v enzymes than did chsz. phylogenetic analysis clearly demonstrated that the a. ...	2002	12172967
subtractive cloning of cdna from aspergillus oryzae differentially regulated between solid-state culture and liquid (submerged) culture.	in solid-state cultures (sc), aspergillus oryzae shows characteristics such as high-level production and secretion of enzymes and hyphal differentiation with asexual development which are absent in liquid (submerged) culture (lc). it was predicted that many of the genes involved in the characteristics of a. oryzae in sc are differentially expressed between sc and lc. we generated two subtracted cdna libraries with bi-directional cdna subtractive hybridizations to isolate and identify such genes. ...	2002	12172969
behaviors of d- and l-lactic acids during the brewing process of sake (japanese rice wine).	the amounts of d- and l-lactic acids during the brewing process of sake were determined by capillary electrophoresis using 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. because l-lactic acid, which prevents the growth of nonuseful microorganisms, is a raw material of sake, the ratio of l-lactic acid to total lactic acid is almost 1.0 at the initial stage of sake brewing. during brewing, the ratio decreased gradually and finally reached 0.39. yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) for sake br ...	2002	11829643
intake, digestion, and digestive characteristics of neotyphodium coenophialum-infected and uninfected fescue by heifers offered hay diets supplemented with aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract or laidlomycin propionate.	tarentaise heifers fitted with a rumen cannula (539 +/- 7.5 and 487 +/- 15.7 kg avg initial bw in exp. 1 and 2, respectively) were used in two latin square metabolism experiments having 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangements to determine the effects of supplementation with aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (ao) or laidlomycin propionate (lp) on intake, digestion, and digestive characteristics of neotyphodium coenophialum-infected (if) or uninfected (ff) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) ha ...	2002	11831521
dependence of morphology on agitation intensity in fed-batch cultures of aspergillus oryzae and its implications for recombinant protein production.	we previously reported that, although agitation conditions strongly affected mycelial morphology, such changes did not lead to different levels of recombinant protein production in chemostat cultures of aspergillus oryzae (amanullah et al., 1999). to extend this finding to another set of operating conditions, fed-batch fermentations of a. oryzae were conducted at biomass concentrations up to 34 g dry cell weight/l and three agitation speeds (525, 675, and 825 rpm) to give specific power inputs b ...	2002	11835142
immobilization of beta-galactosidase on fibrous matrix by polyethyleneimine for production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose.	the production of galacto-oligosaccharides (gos) from lactose by aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase immobilized on cotton cloth was studied. a novel method of enzyme immobilization involving pei-enzyme aggregate formation and growth of aggregates on individual fibrils of cotton cloth leading to multilayer immobilization of the enzyme was developed. a large amount of enzyme was immobilized (250 mg/g support) with about 90-95% efficiency. a maximum gos production of 25-26% (w/w) was achieved at ...	2002	11934291
the aspergillus niger faeb gene encodes a second feruloyl esterase involved in pectin and xylan degradation and is specifically induced in the presence of aromatic compounds.	the faeb gene encoding a second feruloyl esterase from aspergillus niger has been cloned and characterized. it consists of an open reading frame of 1644 bp containing one intron. the gene encodes a protein of 521 amino acids that has sequence similarity to that of an aspergillus oryzae tannase. however, the encoded enzyme, feruloyl esterase b (faeb), does not have tannase activity. comparison of the physical characteristics and substrate specificity of faeb with those of a cinnamoyl esterase fro ...	2002	11931668
a polymerase chain reaction-based method for cloning novel members of a gene family using a combination of degenerate and inhibitory primers.	we have developed a novel method for cloning gene family members by using a polymerase chain reaction technique. the method is based on the amplification of a broad range of homologous genes in combination with the specific inhibition of already cloned genes. to accomplish this, we designed degenerate primers to highly conserved regions among the gene family members, and inhibitory primers to the divergent region at the 3'-margin of each degenerate primer. the 5'-end of the inhibitory primer, th ...	2002	12036596
cloning and expression of the exo-beta-d-1,3-glucanase gene (exgs) from aspergillus saitoi.	a gene of exo-1,3-beta-d-glucanase (exgs) was cloned from a koji mold, aspergillus saitoi, genomic dna using pcr. the exgs has an orf comprising 2832 bp, which contains one intron of 45 bp, and encodes 945 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequences showed that the exgs has a non-homologous linker region consisting of 180 amino acids, which encompassed highly conserved regions observed in exg homologues from filamentous fungi. a recombinant protein (exgs) has been recovered from the cultural f ...	2002	12224649
secreted metalloprotease gene family of microsporum canis.	keratinolytic proteases secreted by dermatophytes are likely to be virulence-related factors. microsporum canis, the main agent of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats, causes a zoonosis that is frequently reported. using aspergillus fumigatus metalloprotease genomic sequence (mep) as a probe, three genes (mep1, mep2, and mep3) were isolated from an m. canis genomic library. they presented a quite-high percentage of identity with both a. fumigatus mep and aspergillus oryzae neutral protease i genes. ...	2002	12228297
effects of increased impeller power in a production-scale aspergillus oryzae fermentation.	the goal in this study was to determine how increased impeller power affects enzyme expression in large-scale (80 m(3)), fed-batch aspergillus oryzae fermentations. an approximate 50% increase in average impeller power was achieved by increasing impeller diameter approximately 10%, while operating at slightly reduced speed. measured decreases in terminal (95%) mixing time show increased power improved bulk mixing. however, batches operated at increased power had lower recombinant enzyme producti ...	2002	12052056
toxicological studies on polyporus pinsitus laccase expressed by aspergillus oryzae intended for use in food.	the laccase used in the study was produced by submerged fermentation of aspergillus oryzae, containing a gene originating from polyporus pinsitus. laccase is to be employed as a processing aid in the juice industry to make a clear and stable juice. the enzyme was subject to a series of toxicological tests to document its safety in use. it was not mutagenic in the salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay, and it did not cause chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes. no evidence ...	2002	11962689
molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of the xynf3 gene from aspergillus oryzae.	the gene encoding xylanase f3 (xynf3) was isolated from a genomic library of aspergillus oryzae kbn616, used for making shoyu koji. the structural part of xynf3 was found to be 1468 bp. the nucleotide sequence of cdna amplified by rt-pcr showed that the open reading frame of xynf3 was interrupted by ten short introns and encoded 323 amino acids. direct n-terminal amino acid sequencing showed that the precursor of xynf3 had a signal peptide of 22 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence of ...	2002	11999400
evaluation of filamentous fungi and inducers for the production of endo-polygalacturonase by solid state fermentation.	aspergillus oryzae cct 3940, aspergillus awamori nrrl 3112 and a trichoderma sp.) were compared for their capacity to produce endo-polygalacturonase (endo-pg) in solid state fermentation. maximum pectinolytic activity was reached in 72 h of growth, the best two fungal strains being a. niger t0005007-2 and a. oryzae cct 3940. three types of commercial purified pectin and four of unprocessed pectin (tangerine, orange, tahiti lime and sweet lime rind) were used to assess the effect of pectin on the ...	2002	12240994
transformation of aspergillus sp. and trichoderma reesei using the pyrithiamine resistance gene (ptra) of aspergillus oryzae.	a pyrithiamine (pt) resistance gene (ptra) was cloned from a pt resistant mutant of aspergillus oryzae and was useful as a dominant selectable marker for transformation of all a. oryzae wild type strain as well as a. nidulans. for further study, we examined whether or not ptra could be used as the transformation marker in other species of filamentous fungi. two types of plasmid, which contain ptra as a selectable marker, were constructed, and the transformation experiments were done with them. o ...	2002	11999416