Publications

a sensitive radiochemical enzyme assay for s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine and l-homocysteine.		1981	6947702
bilateral endogenous necrotizing scleritis due to aspergillus oryzae.	a case of bilateral necrotizing scleritis due to aspergillus oryzae is reported. the patient was a former addict of intravenous narcotics treated five years previously for meningitis due to the same organism. a seeding focus in the thoracic spine was eventually found. the patient responded well to combined local and systemic therapy with amphotericin b, flucytosine, and natamycin. this represents, to the best of our knowledge, both the first reported case of ocular disease due to this species of ...	1982	6982019
[semicontinuous cultivation of fungi of the genus aspergillus, producers of hydrolases].	the production of exohydrolases (alpha-amylase and pectinase) by fungi belonging to the genus aspergillus was studied in the course of batch cultivation and, if immobilized cells were used, in the semicontinuous regime of growth. the cells were immobilized on a fixed filtering plate and on floating, in the growth medium, polyhedrons. such a cultivation of immobilized microbial cells in the semicontinuous regime of growth on submerged polyhedrons freely floating in the nutrient medium makes it po ...	1982	6984129
intracellular localization of two molecular forms of membrane acid protease in aspergillus oryzae.	the intracellular localization of two forms of membrane-bound acid protease (m1 and m2) [ec 3.4.23.6] of aspergillus oryzae (tsujita, y. & endo, a. (1978) eur. j. biochem. 84, 347-353) was investigated. when the mycelia were treated with wall-lytic enzymes, m2 remained in the cells but most of m2 was solubilized and released. the cell wall fraction obtained by mechanical disruption of the mycelia contained less than 5% of the total acid protease activity in the cells. subcellular fractionation o ...	1980	6997281
[effect of electromagnetic oscillations in the millimeter wave-length range of biological systems].		1981	7017802
a new chromophoric substrate for penicillopepsin and other fungal aspartic proteinases.	the hexapeptide n-alpha-acetylalanylalanyl-lysyl-p- nitrophenylalanylalanylalanylamide has been synthesized and was found to be a good substrate for fungal aspartic proteinases that possess trypsinogen-activating activity, namely penicillopepsin, rhizopus aspartic proteinase, endothia aspartic proteinase and the aspartic proteinases from aspergillus oryzae and penicillium roqueforti. the peptide is rapidly cleaved between the lysine and p-nitrophenylalanine residues. calf chymosin and human reni ...	1982	7052062
liquid-chromatographic determination of the total thiamin content of blood.	a liquid-chromatographic method for determining the total thiamin content of blood is presented. blood is deproteinized and incubated with aspergillus oryzae carboxyl proteinase (ec 3.4.23.6; takadiastase) to convert thiamin phosphate esters to free thiamin. an aliquot of the sample is applied to the column (shodex oh-pak m-414) of a high-performance liquid chromatograph. a 100 mg/l solution of potassium ferricyanide in 150 g/l sodium hydroxide is added to the column effluent with a proportionin ...	1982	7055932
delivery of fungal beta-galactosidase to rat brain by means of liposomes.	a significant increase in beta-galactosidase activity was observed in the brain of rats 1 hr after an intravenous injection of liposomes containing beta-galactosidase purified from aspergillus oryzae. the increased activity was proved to have features of the fungal enzyme by differentiating it from rat's native beta-galactosidase in both heat stability and immunochemical studies. blood content of rat brain tissue under the experimental conditions employed was estimated as 0.83% (v/w) from an inf ...	1982	7071841
purification and characterization of 1,2-alpha-mannosidase of aspergillus oryzae.	1,2-alpha-mannosidase was purified approximately 1,400-fold from an enzyme product of aspergillus oryzae. the enzyme showed a single band in disc gel electrophoresis and the molecular weight was estimated to be about 49,000 daltons by gel exclusion chromatography. the substrate specificity of the enzyme was examined with mannooligosaccharides, yeast mannan, glycopeptides, and a glycoprotein. the alpha-(1 leads to 2)-linking mannose residues located at the nonreducing-ends of the substrates were ...	1982	7118857
biosynthesis of xyloglucan in suspension-cultured soybean cells. an assay method for xyloglucan xylosyltransferase and attempted synthesis of xyloglucan from udp-d-xylose.	hydrolysis of the total non-cellulosic 14c-polysaccharides from soybean cell wall with carbohydrate hydrolases of an aspergillus oryzae enzyme preparation yielded 14c-monosaccharides and [14c]isoprimeverose (6-o-alpha-d-xylopyranosyl-d-glucopyranose) in which all of the xylosyl residues of the xyloglucan were recovered. based on this finding, an assay method for the activity of xyloglucan xylosyltransferase was developed. when udp-[14c]xylose was incubated with a particulate enzyme fraction from ...	1981	7194336
dna supercoiling, shortening, and induction of single-strand regions by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii).	cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) was found to bind to covalently closed circular supercoiled, covalently closed circular nonsupercoiled, and single-strand broken relaxed pm2 dna and induce different types of dna conformational changes. using kleinschmidt's technique, it was found that binding of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) decreased the dna length to 75% of the original single-strand broken relaxed dna without inducing superhelical conformational changes. cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ii) al ...	1981	7197192
[a case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis caused by aspergillus oryzae which is used for brewing bean paste (miso) and soy sauce (shoyu) (author's transl)].		1982	7202073
[isoenzymes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from aspergillus oryzae (ahlburg) (author's transl)].	two forms (i and ii) of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-glucose-6-phosphate: nadp+ oxidoreductase e.c. 1.1.1.49) were isolated from mycelium of aspergillus oryzae grown on glucose as sole carbon source, through ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by ion-exchange chromatograhy. the km values for both g6p and nadp+ were very similar, but the vmax was nearly twofold for form ii. the two isoenzymes were inhibited by nadph competitively with nadh+, and the ki value was minimal for isoenzyma ...	1980	7221161
[localization of secreted enzyme-induced repression of its synthesis by the cells].	it was shown that under conditions of regulation of secreted enzyme synthesis by its concentration in microorganisms, the repression of synthesis of the enzyme protein polypeptide chain and the concomitant partial repression of labelled amino acid transport into the cells occur. the regulatory effect can be exerted in the absence of transcription as well. these effects are not realized at the post-transcription or post-translation levels.	1980	7248344
[hydrolysis of n-acetyl-l- and n-acetyl-d,l-methionine by microbial aminacylase].	the kinetics of n-acetyl-l- and n-acetyl-d,l-methionine hydrolysis by aminoacylase from asp. oryzae were studied. the maximal rate of the reaction was found to be about 2000 mu moles of l-methionine per mg of protein per hour; km was equal to about 1.10(-1) m for both the racemic and optically active substrates. in the presence of co(ii) ions (the molar ratio of n-acetyl-l-methionine/co(ii) was 100:1) the reaction velocity was increased. the values of approximately 4500 and approximately 3000 mu ...	1981	7284482
[6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of aspergillus oryzae (ahlburg). ii. separation and study of isoenzymes].	through ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by ion-exchange chromatography, two forms of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6j-phosphogluconate: nadp+ oxidoreductase e.c. 1.1.1.44) were isolated from mycelium of aspergillus oryzae. the km values for 6pg were the same, but the km for nadp+ was smaller for isoenzyme i. the vmx values were also different, with greater activity for isoenzyme ii. the optimum ph for isoenzyme i was 7.5. whereas the isoenzyme ii had two maximum peaks, at ph 7.5 and ...	1981	7339739
influence of brinase on fibrinogen: fibrin transition in in vitro and in vivo studies. i. influence of in vitro addition of brinase to plasma on the ethanol gelation test.	the incidence of positive ethanol gelation test (egt) after addition of brinase (a proteolytic enzyme preparation from aspergillus oryzae) to anticoagulated and non-anticoagulated human plasma was studied. in vitro addition of brinase to plasma causes positive egt, and the incidence is dose-dependent. in plasma from warfarin-treated patients and/or after addition of heparin to plasma, prior to the addition of brinase, a significantly reduced incidence of positive egt is observed. the incidence i ...	1980	7351312
[effect of sh-reagents and thiol compounds on aminopeptidase from aspergillus oryzae].	it is shown that iodacetate and iodacetamide produce an insignificant inhibition of the asp. oryzae aminopeptidase activity, para-chloromercuribenzoate is a stronger inhibitor. dithiotreitol, beta-mercaptoethanol, reduced glutathione also cause a considerable loss in the enzyme activity. the inhibitory effect is intensified with a combined action of para-chloromercuribenzoate and edta. the studies of para-chloromercuribenzoate, iodacetate and iodacetamide effect on the activation of aminopeptida ...	1980	7376280
[physicochemical and enzymatic properties of aspergillus oryzae aminopeptidase].	the paper deals with properties of aspergillus oryzae (strain kc) purified aminopeptidase. the enzyme is homogeneous in electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and enzyme-electrophoresis with the synthetic substrate leucyl-beta-naphthylamide applied. the molecular mass is 60000-61000 daltons. the amino acidic composition of the enzyme is characterized by a high content of dicarboxylic acids. the substrate specificity is studied. leucyl-glycyl-glycin and leucinamide are most intensive in splitting. ...	1980	7385381
[influence of the sporulation on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity from aspergillus oryzae (ahlburg) (author's transl)].	both the specific and the total activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (e.c. 1.1.1.49) of mycelium of aspergillus oryzae decline progressively from day 6th of incubation, when the period of sporulation begins. total cellular protein decreases parallely. cicloheximide stops protein synthesis but not the inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes do not prevent the loss of enzyme activity when added to the cultures. experiments show no inhibitors of ...	1980	7403645
homology between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribonucleases.	there is homology between the amino acid sequences of the extracellular ribonucleases t1 and st, from the eukaryote aspergillus oryzae and the prokaryote streptomyces erythreus, respectively. together with other extracellular ribonucleases homologous to each, these enzymes make up a family of interest to evolutionary biology and useful in studies of protein structure and function.	1980	7411658
effect of various commercially available enzymes in the liquid chromatographic determination with external standardization of thiamine and riboflavin in foods.	the efficacy of various commercially available enzymes in the determination of thiamine and riboflavin in foods was studied by liquid chromatography (lc) using external standards. different enzymes, as well as the same enzyme produced by different manufacturers, very strongly affected the determination of both vitamins. the recoveries for different foods ranged from 85 to over 100% for thiamine and from 80 to 100% for riboflavin. the present lc method was accurate and precise when tested on a fo ...	1994	7516753
serological responses induced in mice by immunogenic proteins and by protein respiratory allergens.	it is known that a variety of materials, including both low molecular weight chemicals and proteins, is able to induce occupational respiratory allergy. we have shown previously that exposure of mice to chemical respiratory sensitizers results in both a marked increase in the serum concentration of ige and the appearance of specific ige antibody. in the present study we have examined the characteristics of immune responses induced in mice following intraperitoneal exposure to 3 protein respirato ...	1994	7518969
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the calmodulin-encoding gene (cmda) from aspergillus oryzae.	a cdna and genomic gene encoding calmodulin were isolated from aspergillus oryzae using a part of the calmodulin gene from a. nidulans as a hybridization probe. the gene was in a 3.4-kb sphi fragment and southern-blot analysis of genomic dna suggested the existence of a single copy of the calmodulin gene in a. oryzae. the nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the gene consists of five introns and six exons. although the nucleotide sequence homology with that of a. nidulans was not so high (68 ...	1995	7549095
nucleotide sequence and expression of alpha-glucosidase-encoding gene (agda) from aspergillus oryzae.	we have isolated an alpha-glucosidase(agl)-encoding gene (agda) from aspergillus oryzae by heterologous hybridization using the corresponding aspergillus niger gene as a probe. southern hybridization analysis showed that the agda gene is on a 5.0-kb scai fragment and there is a single copy in the a. oryzae chromosome. comparison with the a. niger agda gene indicated that the agda gene contains three putative introns from 52 to 59 nucleotides long, and that it encodes 985 amino acid residues. the ...	1995	7549103
gene transfer by electroporation of filamentous fungi.		1995	7550746
molecular cloning of the cdna and gene for an elastinolytic aspartic proteinase from aspergillus fumigatus and evidence of its secretion by the fungus during invasion of the host lung.	hydrolysis of structural proteins in the lung by extracellular proteinases secreted by aspergillus fumigatus is thought to play a significant role in invasive aspergillosis. this fungus was found previously to secrete an elastinolytic serine proteinase and a metalloproteinase. we report that a. fumigatus also secretes an aspartic proteinase (aspergillopepsin f) that can catalyze hydrolysis of the major structural proteins of basement membrane, elastin, collagen, and laminin. the ph optimum for t ...	1995	7558282
isolation and characterization of polygalacturonase genes (peca and pecb) from aspergillus flavus.	two genes, peca and pecb, encoding endopolyglacturonases were cloned from a highly aggressive strain of aspergillus flavus. the peca gene consisted of 1,228 bp encoding a protein of 363 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 37.6 kda, interrupted by two introns of 58 and 81 bp in length. accumulation of peca mrna in both pectin- or glucose-grown mycelia in the highly aggressive strain matched the activity profile of a pectinase previously identified as p2c. transformants of a weakly aggr ...	1995	7574642
an acetylglucomannan esterase of aspergillus oryzae; purification, characterization and role in the hydrolysis of o-acetyl-galactoglucomannan.	an acetyl glucomannan esterase (agme) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the culture supernatant of aspergillus oryzae. this new enzyme had a molecular mass of 36 kda and an isoelectric point of 4.6. it was most active in the ph range 5.0-5.5 and was stable for 24 h at 40 degrees c at ph 5.0-6.0. the purified esterase liberated acetic acid from o-acetyl-galactoglucomannan, o-acetyl-4-o- methylglucuronoxylan and alpha-naphtyl acetate. the specific activity was 10-times higher for ac ...	1995	7576539
induction and repression of alpha-amylase production in batch and continuous cultures of aspergillus oryzae.	the intra- and extracellular concentrations of alpha-amylase in aspergillus oryzae have been measured during batch culture of a wild-type strain and two recombinant strains. the mean intracellular level for the two recombinant strains was about four to five times the level of the wild-type strain. the recombinant strains also had a higher alpha-amylase productivity, whereas the residence time of the intracellular alpha-amylase pool was approximately the same for the three strains. at high glucos ...	1995	7582005
molecular cloning and characterization of a rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase from aspergillus aculeatus. synergism between rhamnogalacturonan degrading enzymes.	a rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase (rgae) was purified to homogeneity from the filamentous fungus aspergillus aculeatus, and the nh2-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. full-length cdnas encoding the enzyme were isolated from an a. aculeatus cdna library using a polymerase chain reaction-generated product as a probe. the 936-base pair rha1 cdna encodes a 250-residue precursor protein of 26,350 da, including a 17-amino acid signal peptide. the rha1 cdna was overexpressed in aspergillus ...	1995	7592973
skin-prick tests for hypersensitivity to alpha-amylase preparations.	twenty-five asthmatic subjects with suspected alpha-amylase hypersensitivity were studied by skin-prick tests, a capture elisa, immunoblotting and bronchial provocation tests. at the same time, different amylases were analysed by sds-page and immunoblotting using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. eight patients showed a positive bronchial response to amylase. seven of them had positive skin-prick tests, with this method being the most sensitive approach for diagnosis. however, in four cases, skin t ...	1995	7605978
effects of lactitol-oligosaccharides on the intestinal microflora in rats.	lactitol-oligosaccharide (lo) was prepared from lactitol by a transgalactosylation reaction catalyzed by aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase. the utilization of lo by human intestinal bacteria, the digestion of lo by rat jejunum mucosal homogenates and the effects of lo on the intestinal microflora in rats were compared with those of lactitol. 1) lo was utilized in vitro by bifidobacterium, but lactitol was not utilized. 2) neither lo nor lactitol were digested by rat jejunum mucosal homogenat ...	1995	7616329
isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the surface membrane 3'-nucleotidase/nuclease of leishmania donovani.	leishmania donovani and related trypanosomatid protozoa possess an externally oriented surface membrane enzyme capable of hydrolyzing both 3'-nucleotides and nucleic acids. by virtue of these activities, this 3'-nucleotidase/nuclease (3'-nt/nu), previously shown to be analogous to fungal and plant class-i single-strand-specific nucleases, is thought to play a critical role in the salvage of purines, essential for the survival of these organisms. the 43-kda 3'-nt/nu was purified from l. donovani ...	1995	7630383
influence of protein conformation on disulfide bond formation in the oxidative folding of ribonuclease t1.	in oxidative protein folding the interdependence between the acquisition of an ordered native-like conformation and disulfide bond formation was investigated by using the c2s/c10n variant of ribonuclease t1 as a model. this protein of 104 residues has a single disulfide bond between cys6 and cys103. in the reduced form it is unfolded in the presence of urea, but native-like folded when > or = 1.5 m nacl is present. the influence of a folded conformation on the individual thiol/disulfide exchange ...	1995	7643382
purification and properties of alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae atcc 76080.	an alpha-amylase was purified from the solid cultural extract of aspergillus oryzae atcc 76080 by sequential steps of amylopectin affinity adsorption, deae-sepharose ion-exchange chromatography and sephacryl s-200 hr gel filtration. by these steps, the purity of the enzyme increased by 16 fold and recovery of the enzyme activity was 45%. the purified enzyme had an optimal ph between 4 to 5, optimal temperature at 50 degrees c and a km value of 0.22% for hydrolysis of starch. about 80% of the enz ...	1995	7663414
purification and characterization of a lipase from aspergillus oryzae.	a lipase from aspergillus oryzae was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and anion exchange chromatography. the purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 41 kda estimated by sds-page and 39 kda by gel filtration. the optimum ph at 30 degrees c and optimum temperature at ph 7.0 were 7.0 and 30 degrees c, respectively. the enzyme was stable over a ph range of 6-9 at 25 degrees c for 18 h, and up t ...	1995	7670177
[occupational extrinsic allergic alveolitis due to aspergillus oryzae].	we report a case of extrinsic allergic alveolitis, provoked by deterzyme, a product used in dermatology for the cleaning of cutaneous sores, and containing fractions of protolytic enzymes and amylases of aspergillus oryzae. the diagnosis was based on the positive precipitins to an extract of antigen of the product as well as positive bronchial provocation tests (semi-delayed) and the disappearance of the symptomatology without any sequelae following cessation of exposure to the risk.	1993	7694333
genome structure and nucleotide sequence of a lipolytic enzyme gene of aspergillus oryzae.	aspergillus oryzae, which is widely used for japanese traditional fermentation, produced at least two lipolytic enzymes (l1 and l2). southern hybridization analysis of restriction enzyme-digested genomic dna fragments of aspergillus oryzae with 23-mer oligonucleotides synthesized according to the amino acid sequence of the enzyme l1 as probes suggested that there is single copy of the l1 gene in the genome. dna fragments containing the l1 gene were cloned in escherichia coli. nucleotide sequenci ...	1995	7705606
reduction of cyanide levels in cassava during sequential sundrying and solid state fermentation.	the cyanide levels were followed during protein enrichment of cassava by the fungus aspergilus oryzae. the total cyanogen level decreased by 158 mg/kg dry weight to 54.2 mg/kg dry weight as a result of the whole process including fermentation. the cyanogenic glucoside level decreased by 88% during the fermentation process while acetone cyanohydrin was retained in the cassava. the prefermentation processing which involved crushing, sundrying and milling the cassava into flour, reduced the total c ...	1995	7712337
modulation of the behavior of a protein in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate by varying the cations.	the denaturation of aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase by dodecyl sulfates can be modulated by the change of cations among sodium, lithium, and several alkanolammonium ions. the denaturation can be detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of alkanolammonium dodecyl sulfates, particularly around 0 degree c where the denaturation reaction can be virtually frozen. the moderate stability of the amylase against denaturation by dodecyl sulfates helped to demonstrate the difference ...	1995	7733460
allergic reaction after eating alpha-amylase (asp o 2)-containing bread. a case report.	a 29-year-old female bakery shop assistant was occupationally sensitized to flour allergens and aspergillus alpha-amylase (asp o 2). the latter represents a strongly allergenic component of routinely used baking additives. the patient had repeatedly responded to the consumption of white bread with rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and, occasionally, wheal and flare reactions. she underwent allergologic investigations including oral challenge tests with commercially available bread loaves. elevated speci ...	1995	7741193
purification and characterization of a novel specific phosphatidylglycerol-phosphatidylinositol transfer protein with high activity from aspergillus oryzae.	a novel phospholipid transfer protein has been purified to homogeneity 406-fold from the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. the successive steps of purification comprised ultrafiltration, gel filtration on sephadex g-75, ion exchange chromatographies on deae-sepharose and mono q. the active protein is a monomer with a molecular mass of 19,000, estimated from sds electrophoresis, amino acid composition as well as gel filtration. the isoelectric point is 4.8. the amino acid composition is char ...	1995	7742351
production of a fungal protein, taka-amylase a, by protein-producing bacillus brevis hpd31.	an expression-secretion vector, pmk300, was constructed to express the aspergillus oryzae taka-amylase a (taa) cdna. the promoter and signal peptide regions of the hwp (a major cell wall protein of bacillus brevis hpd31) gene on pmk300 were efficiently utilized in b. brevis hpd31 and a large amount of taa (22 mg/l) was secreted into the medium. the hwp signal peptide utilized for secretion of taa was correctly processed during the protein transport across the membrane. the enzymatic properties o ...	1993	7763442
preparation and properties of rnase t1 immobilized on aminoethyl bio-gel p-2.	the partially purified rnase t1, when coupled to glutaraldehyde activated aminoethyl bio-gel p-2, retained 22-24% activity of the soluble enzyme. immobilization resulted in an increase in the optimum temperature and temperature stability, but it did not affect the ph optimum. km and vmax decreased as a result of immobilization. the bound enzyme showed high stability to repeated use and storage.	1993	7763565
characterization of immobilized enzymes in polyurethane foams in a dynamic bed reactor.	beta-d-galactosidase (e 3.2.1.23) from aspergillus oryzae was immobilized with polyurethane foam (puf). among several immobilization methods attempted in this work, the immobilized enzyme preparation by in-situ co-polymerization between enzyme and prepolymer hypol 3000 showed the highest activity. the intrinsic kinetics of puf-immobilized enzyme was determined in a dynamic bed reactor, used to increase transport rates. the immobilization mechanism in puf was studied by measurements of immobilize ...	1993	7763711
preparation of activated supports containing low pk amino groups. a new tool for protein immobilization via the carboxyl coupling method.	a method for the preparation of new aminated agarose gels containing monoaminoethyl-n-aminoethyl structures, mana-agarose gels, has been developed. these gels contain primary amino groups with a very low pk value (6.8). in addition to that, we have been able to prepare very highly activated gels (e.g., 10% agarose gels containing up to 200 mu eq of primary amines per milliliter). these two properties make these activated supports suitable for performing novel and interesting methods for protein ...	1993	7763955
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the acid protease-encoding gene (pepa) from aspergillus oryzae.	we have cloned a genomic dna sequence encoding the acid protease (pepa) from aspergillus oryzae using a 0.6-kb fragment as a probe. this fragment was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using oligonucleotide primers designed from the partial amino acid sequences of peptide fragments of the purified protein. nucleotide sequencing analysis has shown that the cloned gene (designated pepa) encodes 404 amino acid residues and contains 3 putative introns ranging in length from 50 to 61 nu ...	1993	7763981
borate ion-assisted stabilization of beta-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae by polyhydroxy compounds in water-miscible organic solvents.	the stability of beta-galactosidase from aspergillus oryzae in water-miscible organic solvents in different buffers at various ph values ranging from 4.6 to 8.0 was studied. the stability of the enzyme in all six organic solvents studied was dependent on ph and on the type of buffer ions present. at a given ph, destabilization by organic solvents was highest in sodium borate buffer. the destabilization of beta-galactosidase by these solvents could be reversed by addition of sugars or polyhydroxy ...	1993	7764108
secretion of calf chymosin from the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae.	active calf chymosin was secreted from aspergillus oryzae transformants when the chymosin cdna was expressed under the control of glucoamylase gene (glaa) promoter. secreted prochymosin was autocatalytically activated to the chymosin (0.07-0.16 mg/l). western blot analysis showed that a secreted protein immunoreactive with an anti-chymosin antibody was of similar size to authentic chymosin. northern blot analysis revealed that mrna of the chymosin cdna was expressed at as high level as that of t ...	1993	7764387
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the alkaline protease gene from fusarium sp. s-19-5 and expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we have cloned a genomic dna encoding the alkaline protease (alp) of fusarium sp. s-19-5 from a genomic dna library and sequenced the nucleotides. complementary dna encoding alp was also isolated from the cdna library after amplifying the gene by pcr using partial sequences of the alp genomic dna as primers. the alp gene has an open reading frame of 1137 nucleotides containing three introns. a tata box (taaata) was observed 112 base pairs upstream from the translation initiation codon in the 5'- ...	1994	7764853
high level secretion of calf chymosin using a glucoamylase-prochymosin fusion gene in aspergillus oryzae.	a recombinant chymosin was secreted at high levels using fusion genes with a. oryzae glucoamylase gene (glaa) and a wheat bran solid-state culture system. two portions of the a. oryzae glucoamylase, one with almost the entire glucoamylase (ga1-603) lacking 9 amino acids at the carboxyl terminal, and the other (ga1-511) lacking the starch binding-domain, were fused in frame with prochymosin cdna. western blot analysis indicated that the mature chymosin was released from the secreted fusion protei ...	1994	7764977
a novel culture method for high level production of heterologous protein in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	a high level production system for heterologous protein by cold culture of yeast transformants at 15 degrees c was developed. the yeast transformants, carrying a plasmid containing cdna for aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase (taka-amylase a) or human lysozyme synthetic dna, were cultivated in a selective medium for 1 or 2 days until full growth at 30 degrees c. the yeast cells were harvested by centrifugation from the culture fluid and then were transferred to ypd medium. these inoculated broths w ...	1994	7765252
electrophoretic karyotype and gene assignment to chromosomes of aspergillus oryzae.	an electrophoretic karyotype of aspergillus oryzae was obtained by transverse altering-field electrophoresis. seven chromosomal bands were found. with schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosomes as size standards, we estimated the sizes of the chromosomes to be 7.0, 5.2, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.7, and 2.8 megabase pairs (mbp). the chromosomal dna bands were identified with use of 13 cloned genes including ribosomal dna. the intensity of ethidium staining and the results of southern blotting with 100 random c ...	1994	7765278
a dynamic light scattering study of beta-galactosidase: environmental effects on protein conformation and enzyme activity.	dynamic light scattering (dls) is a useful technique for analyzing the size, shape, and other structural characteristics of protein molecules in solution. the effects of various environmental conditions on the structure and activity of aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase were studied. dls was used to determine protein particle size under various salt, ph, and temperature conditions. changes in the activity and stability of this enzyme caused by different environmental conditions were found to ...	1994	7765378
biological activity of a heptaketide metabolite from pleiochaeta setosa.	an uncommon heptaketide metabolite, setosol (2,8-dimethyl-4 methoxy-6,10,11-trihydroxy-benzo-oxaonin), was isolated from a liquid culture filtrate of the fungus pleiochaeta setosa. the biological activity of the molecule was studied by using 12 microbial strains consisting of three bacteria, three yeasts and six fungi. the level of activity was compared with those of known antibiotics and antifungal agents. the metabolite exhibited antifungal and antibiotic activity against drechslera oryzae, ge ...	1995	7766015
industrial application of immobilized biocatalysts in japan.		1995	7785866
expression cloning, purification and characterization of a beta-1,4-galactanase from aspergillus aculeatus.	expression cloning has been used to isolate a cdna encoding beta-1,4-galactanase from the filamentous fungus aspergillus aculeatus. a cdna library was prepared from mycelia, inserted in a yeast expression vector and transformed into saccharomyces cerevisiae. thirteen clones secreting galactanase activity were identified from a screening of approximately 2.5 x 10(4) yeast colonies. all clones expressed transcripts of the same galactanase gene. the cdna was re-cloned in an aspergillus expression v ...	1995	7788716
stability of ribonuclease t2 from aspergillus oryzae.	the stability of ribonuclease t2 (rnase t2) from aspergillus oryzae against guanidine hydrochloride and heat was studied by using cd and fluorescence. rnase t2 unfolded and refolded reversibly concomitant with activity, but the unfolding and refolding rates were very slow (order of hours). the free energy change for unfolding of rnase t2 in water was estimated to be 5.3 kcal.mol-1 at 25 degrees c by linear extrapolation method. from the thermal unfolding experiment in 20 mm sodium phosphate buff ...	1995	7795525
glycosylation of glycoprotein 55 encoded by the anaemia-inducing strain of friend spleen focus-forming virus.	normal rat kidney cells, non-productively infected with the anaemia-inducing variant of friend spleen focus-forming virus (f-sffva), were metabolically labelled with [2-3h]mannose. the primary translation product of the viral envelope gene (env), representing a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular m(r) of 55,000 (gp55), was isolated from cell lysates by immunoaffinity chromatography and purified by preparative sds/page. radiolabelled oligosaccharides, released from tryptic glycopeptides by tr ...	1994	7804003
expression of apple 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in escherichia coli: kinetic characterization of wild-type and active-site mutant forms.	the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (acc synthase; s-adenosyl-l-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase, ec 4.4.1.14) catalyzes the conversion of s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) to acc and 5'-methylthioadenosine, the committed step in ethylene biosynthesis in plants. apple acc synthase was overexpressed in escherichia coli (3 mg/liter) and purified to near homogeneity. a continuous assay was developed by coupling the acc synthase reaction to the deamina ...	1994	7809054
encapsulation of the thrombolytic enzyme, brinase, in photosensitized erythrocytes: a novel thrombolytic system based on photodynamic activation.	in order to circumvent many of the problems associated with the systemic administration of agents used in thrombolytic therapy, it was decided to investigate the possibility of using erythrocytes as carriers and delivery vehicles for these agents. the enzyme brinase, a fibrinolytic enzyme produced by aspergillus oryzae, was loaded into rabbit erythrocytes using electroporation. the loading index for this enzyme was found to be 60% and incorporation appeared to be relatively stable over a period ...	1994	7815192
isolation and characterization of an aspergillus nidulans gene encoding an alkaline protease.	we have cloned an aspergillus nidulans gene (prta) encoding an alkaline protease (alp) by probing an a. nidulans library with a fragment amplified from an aspergillus oryzae alp-encoding gene. the nucleotide (nt) sequence of prta was determined. the structure of prta is similar to that of the a. oryzae alp-encoding gene. the prta gene is composed of four exons which are separated by three introns of 59, 57 and 54 nt. the deduced amino acid sequence of the prta product shows a high degree of simi ...	1994	7821793
alpha-amylase contained in bread can induce food allergy.		1995	7822654
response to various amounts of aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal metabolism in cattle.	the objective of this study was to determine whether aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract stimulated or inhibited ruminal fermentation when fed at higher than recommended doses (3 g/d). four dietary treatments of a. oryzae fermentation extract were fed daily to six cows fitted with ruminal cannulas. for each of four periods, bromegrass hay (6% cp) with and without extract was fed for 28 d. dacron bags containing bromegrass cell walls were ruminally incubated to determine ruminal fiber degrada ...	1994	7836596
[effect of cyclosporin on various metabolic processes in fungi].	sensitivity of the representatives of aspergillus and piricularia to various concentrations of cyclosporine (in the submerged culture) was studied for choosing the test object for the subcellular investigation of the mechanism of the cyclosporine antifungal action. changes in the main physiological and biochemical parameters of the fungal cells under the action of cyclosporine in concentrations of 10 to 80 micrograms per 1 ml of the medium were characterized. low concentrations of cyclosporine ( ...	1994	7840706
regulatory circuits of the amds gene of aspergillus nidulans.	the amds gene codes for an acetamidase enzyme that hydrolyses acetamide to acetate and ammonium thus providing a. nidulans with a source of carbon and nitrogen. the exceptionally favourable genetics of this system combined with molecular analysis have enabled many regulatory circuits affecting amds to be identified genetically. characterization of the regulatory genes and the definition of the cis-acting sites involved have been done using both in vivo and in vitro mutagenesis. recent results on ...	1994	7847883
disulfide bonds and glycosylation in fungal peroxidases.	four conserved disulfide bonds and n-linked and o-linked glycans of extracellular fungal peroxidases have been identified from studies of a lignin and a manganese peroxidase from trametes versicolor, and from coprinus cinereus peroxidase (cip) and recombinant c. cinereus peroxidase (rcip) expressed in aspergillus oryzae. the eight cysteine residues are linked 1-3, 2-7, 4-5 and 6-8, and are located differently from the four conserved disulfide bridges present in the homologous plant peroxidases. ...	1995	7851395
predicting fungal growth: the effect of water activity on aspergillus flavus and related species.	growth of four species belonging to aspergillus section flavi (a. flavus, a. oryzae, a. parasiticus and a. nomius) was studied at 30 degrees c at ten water activities (aw) between 0.995 and 0.810 adjusted with equal mixtures of glucose and fructose. colony diameters were measured at intervals and plotted against time. a flexible growth model describing the change in colony diameter (mm) with respect to time was first fitted to the measured growth data and from the fitted curves the maximum colon ...	1994	7873341
sequence variability in homologs of the aflatoxin pathway gene aflr distinguishes species in aspergillus section flavi.	the aspergillus parasiticus aflr gene, a gene that may be involved in the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis, encodes a putative zinc finger dna-binding protein. pcr and sequencing were used to examine the presence of aflr homologs in other members of aspergillus section flavi. the predicted amino acid sequences indicated that the same zinc finger domain, ctscasskvrctkekpacarcierglac, was present in all of the aspergillus sojae, aspergillus flavus, and aspergillus parasiticus isolates examined ...	1995	7887625
antioxidative effects of a processed grain food.	antioxidant biofactor: aob is a unique processed grain food. it is a yellow-green powder. it contains the following extracts: germ extracts, soybean, rice bran, tear grass, sesame, wheat, citron, green tea, green leaf extract, and malted rice. these materials were slowly roasted under a powdered oure at less than 60 degrees c and fermented with aspergillus oryzae over 3 days to transform each ingredient into low molecular weight substances. these conditions were different by each material, envir ...	1994	7891207
molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the protyrosinase gene, melo, from aspergillus oryzae and expression of the gene in yeast cells.	the coding region of the protyrosinase gene, melo, from aspergillus oryzae occupies 1671 base pairs of the genomic dna and is separated into two exons by one intron. the full-length cdna of the melo gene was cloned. analysis of the 1617 base pairs nucleotide sequence revealed a single open reading frame coding 539 amino acid residues. the cdna has been expressed in yeast cells. the predicted protein product derived from the melo gene is identified by western blotting and activity determination. ...	1995	7893753
is stability prediction possible for protein drugs? denaturation kinetics of beta-galactosidase in solution.	denaturation and aggregation kinetics of aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase in solution were studied in order to determine whether the stability of protein drugs can be predicted. denaturation of beta-galactosidase, monitored by measuring enzyme activity, conformed to first-order kinetics, whereas aggregation of the denatured form, monitored by high performance size exclusion chromatography, showed a reaction order higher than 1. denaturation of beta-galactosidase was irreversible and exhibit ...	1994	7899234
chaperonin groe and adp facilitate the folding of various proteins and protect against heat inactivation.	in the presence of adp, the molecular chaperones groel and groes from escherichia coli not only facilitated the refolding of various proteins, but also prevented their irreversible heat inactivation in vitro. without nucleotides the refolding reactions were arrested by groel. addition of groes and adp to the reaction mixture initiated the refolding reactions and the enzyme activities were regained efficiently. the presence of groe (groel and groes) and adp also protected against heat inactivatio ...	1994	7911090
influence of feeding aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (amaferm) on in situ fiber degradation, ruminal fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis in nonlactating cows fed alfalfa or bromegrass hay.	daily additions of 3 g of amaferm to alfalfa (13% cp) and bromegrass (6% cp) diets were evaluated for effects on ruminal and postruminal fiber and organic matter digestion, fermentation profile, and duodenal bacterial nitrogen flow. eight beef cows were fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas. two experiments were conducted. eight cows were fed bromegrass hay, four received amaferm and four served as controls; later, seven cows received alfalfa hay with three receiving amaferm and four serving ...	1994	7928761
heat stress interactions with protein, supplemental fat, and fungal cultures.	cows that were subjected to hot environmental temperatures yielded less milk (3.1 kg/d) on a diet high in cp (18.4%) and of medium degradability (65%) than on diets high in cp of low degradability (59%) or medium in cp (16.1%). the high cp diets were associated with decreased dmi and higher water intake, ruminal nh4, and blood urea. negative effects on yield from the high cp, medium degradability diet were not observed at moderate temperatures. evaporative cooling of cows in hot weather resulted ...	1994	7929966
physical stability and protein stability of freeze-dried cakes during storage at elevated temperatures.	the relationship between physical stability of freeze-dried cakes and protein stability during storage was studied using beta-galactosidase as a model protein and inositol as an excipient. amorphous samples freeze-dried from solutions containing the enzyme and various concentrations of inositol in sodium phosphate buffer (50 mm, ph 7.4) were stored for 7 days over p2o5 at 40 to 70 degrees c. structural collapse and inositol crystallization were observed in some of the samples, depending on the f ...	1994	7937561
bakers' asthma caused by alpha amylase.	two bakers with bronchial asthma and two with rhinoconjunctivitis are described. prick and rast tests were positive with wheat flour in all of them, but the challenge test (nasal or bronchial) with wheat flour extract was positive only in one asthmatic baker. the prick test, rast, and nasal or bronchial challenge done with alpha amylase extract (a glycolytic enzyme obtained from aspergillus oryzae and used as a flour additive) were positive in all four patients. our results support previous data ...	1994	7944002
the gene amye(tv1) codes for a nonglucogenic alpha-amylase from thermoactinomyces vulgaris 94-2a in bacillus subtilis.	we isolated the gene amye(tv1) from thermoactinomyces vulgaris 94-2a encoding a nonglucogenic alpha-amylase (amytv1). a chromosomal dna fragment of 2,247 bp contained an open reading frame of 483 codons, which was expressed in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. the deduced amino acid sequence of the amytv1 protein was confirmed by sequencing of several peptides derived from the enzyme isolated from a t. vulgaris 94-2a culture. the amino acid sequence was aligned with several known alpha-amy ...	1994	7944369
cloning and characterization of two structurally and functionally divergent rhamnogalacturonases from aspergillus aculeatus.	two rhamnogalacturonases from the filamentous fungus aspergillus aculeatus have been cloned and characterized. a cdna library from a. aculeatus was constructed, and a novel rhamnogalacturonase b was isolated by expression cloning in yeast. for this purpose a new plate screening assay was developed, specific for the detection of rhamnogalacturonase activity. the rhamnogalacturonase a, known from previous reports, was shown not to be expressed in yeast in an active form. therefore, rhamnogalacturo ...	1994	7961884
expression cloning, purification and characterization of a beta-1,4-mannanase from aspergillus aculeatus.	a cdna library from the filamentous fungus aspergillus aculeatus was constructed in the yeast expression vector pyes2.0 and used to isolate 57 full length cdna's encoding beta-1,4-mannanase by expression in s. cerevisiae. the positive clones were identified on agar plates containing 0.2% azurine dyed cross-linked mannan by the formation of blue halos around the colonies. all clones represented transcripts of the same mannanase gene (man1). the gene was sub-cloned into an aspergillus expression v ...	1994	7987261
enzymic synthesis of n-acetyllactosamine on a soluble, light-sensitive polymer.		1994	8004634
biocompatibility of potential wound management products: fungal mycelia as a source of chitin/chitosan and their effect on the proliferation of human f1000 fibroblasts in culture.	aspergillus oryzae, mucor mucedo, and phycomyces blakesleeanus cultures were examined as sources of chitin/chitosan. the nitrogen content of the alkali-treated mycelia/sporangiophores of a. oryzae, m. mucedo, and p. blakesleeanus was 2.52, 3.61, and 6.27% w/w, which relates to an estimated chitin content of 37, 52, and 91%, respectively. the effect of these fungal materials on the rate of proliferation of human f1000 fibroblasts in culture was examined. at 0.01% w/v, all three materials exhibite ...	1994	8006051
purification and properties of beta-fructofuranosidase from aspergillus oryzae atcc 76080.	a fructooligosaccharide-producing beta-fructofuranosidase was purified from the crude extract of aspergillus oryzae atcc 76080 through successive steps of ultrafiltration, deae-sepharose cl-6b ion-exchange chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing electrophoresis and sephacryl s-200 gel filtration. the purified enzyme had an optimal ph of 5-6, an optimal temperature of 50 degrees c, a km value of 0.53 m for catalyzing selftransfer reaction from sucrose. the molecular weight was 87 kda by ...	1994	8019432
structure-function relationships in naturally occurring mutants of pancreatic lipase.	from primary structure comparison, the pancreatic lipase family is now divided into three subgroups: classical pancreatic lipases, pancreatic lipase-related proteins 1 (rpi) and pancreatic lipase-related proteins 2 (rp2). among the rp2 subfamily, the guinea-pig and coypu enzymes share kinetic properties which differ from those of classical pancreatic lipases. both enzymes display a high phospholipase activity and are not interfacially activated using a short chain triglyceride as substrate. thei ...	1994	8029213
alpha-amylase hypersensitivity in non-exposed millers.	occupational hypersensitivity to alpha-amylase among bakers and workers in the pharmaceutical industry has been described. we present the results of skin tests and in vitro methods used to assess alpha-amylase sensitivity in 259 millers. there was no occupational contact with the enzyme in this population. positive skin tests to this allergen were obtained in 16 subjects (6.18 per cent), specific ige values were found in seven subjects (2.7 per cent), specific igg was detected on 45 workers (17. ...	1994	8032039
regioselective transglycosylation in the synthesis of oligosaccharides: comparison of beta-galactosidases and sialidases of various origins.	n-acetyl-lactosamine(beta-d-gal p-(1-->4)-d-glc pnac) was synthesized regioselectively with the aid of the transglycosylation activity of beta-galactosidase isolated from diplococcus pneumoniae using p-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside as the donor. also, transglycosylation of the sialyl group in an alpha-(2-->8)-linked sialic acid dimer or p-nitrophenyl glycoside of sialic acid to n-acetyl-lactosamine was performed using sialidases of various origins. when sialidase from clostridium perfring ...	1994	8039189
studies on immobilization of aminoacylase on the functionalized polymethyl acrylate.	functionalized polymethyl acrylate was used for the immobilization of aminoacylase of aspergillus oryzae. the effects of the degree of cross-linking, the amount of pore-forming agent and their mixing rates on the activity of immobilized aminoacylase were investigated. the results showed that the activity of the immobilized aminoacylase was the highest when the carrier was a combination of 20% cross-linking and 100% pore-forming agent. the effects of substrate concentration, ionic concentration, ...	1993	8049353
[alpha-amylase as an occupational allergen in baking industry employees].	in a group of 226 bakers and pastry makers and in 88 students of a training school for bakers, we evaluated skin sensitization to the common allergens, wheat and alpha amylase. skin prick tests were positive to the enzyme in 17 exposed subjects (7.5%) and in one student with previous occupational exposure as a baker; 27 exposed subjects (11.9%) and 2 students were sensitized to wheat. among the 42 exposed workers who complained of work-related symptoms, 12 (28.6%) cases were skin positive to amy ...	1994	8072442
impact of point mutations on the structure and thermal stability of ribonuclease t1 in aqueous solution probed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.	we undertook a detailed comparative analysis of the infrared spectra of wild-type ribonuclease t1 and three mutants: two single mutants, tyr-45-->trp (y45w) and trp-59-->tyr (w59y), and a double mutant, tyr-45-->trp/trp-59-->tyr (y45w/w59y). these mutants were selected because they are known to affect the activity of the enzyme. the structural differences were evaluated by using peptide backbone and side-chain "marker" bands as conformation-sensitive monitors. all mutations lead to a decrease of ...	1994	8075073
elucidation of the thermal stability of the neutral proteinase ii from aspergillus oryzae.	the neutral proteinase ii from aspergillus oryzae (npii) is a zinc proteinase with three intramolecular disulfide bonds. npii is most unstable after 10 min at about 75 degrees c, but regains stability beyond this temperature and is relatively stable at 100 degrees c. we analyzed the thermal stability of wild-type npii and apo npii. the results suggested that npii unfolds reversibly upon incubation up to 100 degrees c, and that the irreversible inactivation observed is mainly due to autoproteolys ...	1994	8086433
isolation and denomination of an important allergen in baking additives: alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae (asp o ii).	the commercially available alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae which is widely used as a baking additive was compared with a highly purified enzyme preparation. we used enzyme allergosorbent test (east), east inhibition, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), isoelectric focussing, immunoblotting, and n-terminal amino acid sequencing to characterize the causative allergen. our screening comprised 89 partially selected bakers. forty-three (48%) of them had work-re ...	1994	8087658
effects of beet pulp and animal by-products on milk yield and in vitro fermentation by rumen microorganisms.	forty-six holstein cows (30 primiparous) were assigned to one of four dietary treatments arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial experiment during wk 4 to 17 of lactation. main effects were corn versus dried sugar beet pulp and soybean meal versus animal by-product meal (mixture of meat and bone meal, feather meal, and blood meal). beet pulp replaced half of the corn at 15% of dietary dm. diet dm (mean of four treatments) contained 18% alfalfa pellets, 17.4% alfalfa hay, 17.2% corn silage, and 47.1% conce ...	1994	8120188
effect of yeast culture and aspergillus oryzae extract on milk yield in a commercial dairy herd.	the objective of this study was to examine the effects of an aspergillus oryzae extract in combination with a yeast culture (saccharomyces cerevisiae) on milk yield and composition, rectal temperatures, and rumen parameters in a commercial dairy herd. pluriparous holstein cows (n = 521) in early lactation were assigned to a 130-d trial from may to september 1992. treatments were control (no additive) and yeast culture (56 g/d) plus a. oryzae (3 g/d). both groups were fed a tmr composed of alfalf ...	1994	8120203
effect of mannitol crystallinity on the stabilization of enzymes during freeze-drying.	the stabilizing effect of mannitol during the freeze-drying of proteins was studied using l-lactate dehydrogenase (ldh, rabbit muscle), beta-galactosidase (escherichia coli) and l-asparaginase (erwinia chrysanthemi) as model proteins. crystallization of mannitol was studied by powder x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (dsc), in relation to the stabilizing effect. all the enzymes were protected concentration-dependently by amorphous mannitol, but the stabilizing effect was de ...	1994	8124765
energetics of ribonuclease t1 structure.	the energetics of thermal denaturation of two isoforms of ribonuclease t1 (gln25 and lys25) in various solvents have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. it has been shown that the thermal transition of both forms of rnase t1 is strongly affected by slow kinetics, which cause an apparent deviation of the transition from a simple two-state model. by decreasing the heating rate or increasing the transition temperature, the denaturation of rnase approaches an equilibrium two-state tra ...	1994	8136367
suicide-substrate inactivation of beta-galactosidase by diazomethyl beta-d-galactopyranosyl ketone.	diazomethyl beta-d-galactopyranosyl ketone (1) has been proven to be a mechanism-based, irreversible (suicide-substrate) inactivator of aspergillus oryzae beta-d-galactosidase, but not an inactivator of e. coli lacz beta-d-galactosidase. compound 1 is stable in buffers of normal physiological ph. it is decomposed by h+, but not by nucleophiles. inactivation of a. oryzae beta-d-galactopyranosyl ketone (2) nor diazomethyl alpha-d-galactopyranosyl ketone inactivated the enzyme and therefore inactiv ...	1993	8143286
effect of ph during heat processing of partially hydrolyzed whey protein.	whey protein isolate was modified by proteolysis using a broad-spectrum protease in combination with heat treatment of the hydrolysate. half of the beta-lactoglobulin content was hydrolyzed when the degree of hydrolysis reached 5.1%. alpha-lactalbumin and bsa were not attacked by the enzyme. heating of the hydrolysate resulted in the formation of small and large aggregates, the proportion of which depended on the degree of hydrolysis and the ph during heating. the decrease in total sulfhydryl gr ...	1994	8169275
glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus: expression in insect cells and identification as a ribonuclease.	two regions of amino acids homologous to the ribonuclease catalysis domain of the fungal rnases t2 of aspergillus oryzae and rh of rhizopus niveus and the plant s-glycoproteins of nicotiana alata are perfectly conserved in the amino acid sequence of the envelope glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv). to analyze the functional significance of these conserved sequences, the gene encoding e2 was inserted into the p10 locus of baculovirus and expressed in insect cells. recombinant vi ...	1994	8178442
an overview of the safety evaluation of the rhizomucor miehei lipase enzyme.	the rhizomucor miehei lipase enzyme expressed in aspergillus oryzae, is used in the production of specialty fats, the production of existing fats from new raw materials, or new fats with improved nutritional or functional qualities. it is produced by a. oryzae containing the structural gene for the precursor of r. miehei triglyceride lipase. it was subjected to a series of toxicological tests to document the safety in use. the enzyme preparation was not found to be mutagenic either in bacterial ...	1994	8181628