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alkaline polyol pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood: effect of pulping severity and pulp properties on cellulase activity and overall sugar yield.the saccharification of softwood using alkaline polyol pulping (alkapolp) and enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. it will be demonstrated that the alkapolp process yields high quality pulps which can easily be hydrolyzed by cellulases. temperature (180-230°c) and duration (15-60 min) of the alkaline glycerol pulping, expressed as pulping severity r0, were varied to find optimum reaction conditions. the obtained pulps were characterized regarding their residual lignin content, kappa number and ...201323500589
morphology and structural properties of high-amylose rice starch residues hydrolysed by amyloglucosidase.high-amylose starches are attracting considerable attention because of their potential health benefits and industrial uses. enzyme hydrolysis of starch is involved in many biological and industrial processes. in this paper, starches were isolated from high-amylose transgenic rice (trs) and its wild type rice, te-qing (tq). the morphological and structural changes of starch residues following aspergillus niger amyloglucosidase (aag) hydrolysis were investigated. aag hydrolysed tq starch from the ...201223497862
antimicrobial gageomacrolactins characterized from the fermentation of the marine-derived bacterium bacillus subtilis under optimum growth conditions.marine bacteria are a potential source of structurally diversified bioactive secondary metabolites that are not found in terrestrial sources. in our continuous effort to search for new antimicrobial agents from marine-derived bacteria, we isolated bacterial strain 109ggc020 from a marine sediment sample collected from gageocho, republic of korea. the strain was identified as bacillus subtilis based on a 16s rrna sequence analysis. after a 7-day fermentation of the b. subtilis strain under optimu ...201323488669
diagnosis of aspergillus niger peritonitis in a peritoneal dialysis patient by peritoneal galactomannan and β-d-glucan detection. 201523478377
role of ficolin-a and lectin complement pathway in the innate defense against pathogenic aspergillus species.aspergillus species are saprophytic molds causing life-threatening invasive fungal infections in the immunocompromised host. innate immune recognition, in particular, the mechanisms of opsonization and complement activation, has been reported to be an integral part of the defense against fungi. we have shown that the complement component ficolin-a significantly binds to aspergillus conidia and hyphae in a concentration-dependent manner and was inhibited by n-acetylglucosamine and n-acetylgalacto ...201323478320
dicoumarol complexes of cu(ii) based on 1,10-phenanthroline: synthesis, x-ray diffraction studies, thermal behavior and biological evaluation.a series of cu(ii) complexes containing dicoumarol derivatives and 1, 10-phenanthroline have been synthesized. structural and spectroscopic properties of ligands were studied on the basis of mass spectra, nmr ((1)h and (13)c) spectra, ft-ir spectrophotometry and elemental analysis, while physico-chemical, spectroscopic and thermal properties of mixed ligand complexes have been studied on the basis of infrared spectra, mass spectra, electronic spectra, powder x-ray diffraction, elemental analysis ...201223478077
fungi producing significant mycotoxins.mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microfungi that are known to cause sickness or death in humans or animals. although many such toxic metabolites are known, it is generally agreed that only a few are significant in causing disease: aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin a, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and ergot alkaloids. these toxins are produced by just a few species from the common genera aspergillus, penicillium, fusarium, and claviceps. all aspergillus and penicillium species either are c ...201223477193
a comparative study of nitrilases identified by genome mining.escherichia coli strains expressing different nitrilases transformed nitriles or kcn. six nitrilases (from aspergillus niger (2), a. oryzae, neurospora crassa, arthroderma benhamiae, and nectria haematococca) were arylacetonitrilases, two enzymes (from a. niger and penicillium chrysogenum) were cyanide hydratases and the others (from p. chrysogenum, p. marneffei, gibberella moniliformis, meyerozyma guilliermondi, rhodococcus rhodochrous, and r. ruber) preferred (hetero)aromatic nitriles as subst ...201323475593
corn seeds as bioreactors for the production of phytase in the feed industry.corn seed is a major ingredient of animal feed worldwide. however, it contains phytate, a major phosphate storage form that is unavailable to monogastric animals like pigs and poultry. we report a transgenic corn with bioavailable phosphate, achieved by seed-specific overexpression of aspergillus niger phytase, an enzyme catalyzing the release of phosphate from phytate. we obtained maximal phytase activity of 125 ftu/g kernels, 1000-fold above that of the wild type, with 1000 g of kernels contai ...201323473991
identification and characterization of antifungal active substances of streptomyces hygroscopicus bs-112.an antifungal actinomyces bs-112 strain, with aspergillus flavus as the target pathogen, was isolated from soil in the forest land of mountain tai. this strain showed a strong antagonistic activity against various mold fungi in food and feed. strain bs-112 was identified as streptomyces hygroscopicus based on its morphologic, cultural, physiological, biochemical characteristics, cell wall components and 16s rdna sequence. four active components were separated and purified from strain bs-112. the ...201323468248
sub-inhibitory concentration of biogenic selenium nanoparticles lacks post antifungal effect for aspergillus niger and candida albicans and stimulates the growth of aspergillus niger.the antifungal activity of selenium nanoparticles (se nps) prepared by klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported previously for different fungi. in the present study, freshly prepared se nps produced by k. pneumoniae were purified and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (eds) and its post antifungal effects for two fungi were evaluated.201323466957
influence of fungal elicitors on biosynthesis of natamycin by streptomyces natalensis hw-2.to investigate the effect of fungal elicitors on biosynthesis of natamycin in the cultures of streptomyces natalensis hw-2, the biomass and filtrate of the broth from aspergillus niger as 3.6472, penicillium chrysogenum as 3.5163, a. oryzae as 3.2068, and saccharomyces cerevisiae as 2.2081 were used to induce natamycin production in s. natalensis hw-2. the results showed that the biomass of p. chrysogenum as 3.5163 could enhance the yield of natamycin from 0.639 to 0.875 g l(-1). the elicitor fr ...201323463250
exploring novel ultrafine eri silk bioscaffold for enzyme stabilisation in cellobiose hydrolysis.the suitability of optimised ultrafine eri silk microparticles as novel enzyme supports was studied for potential application in biofuel production. β-glucosidase (bgl) from aspergillus niger was immobilised on eri silk fibrion particles via an adsorption method resulting in a 62% immobilisation yield. soluble and immobilised enzymes exhibited ph-optima at ph 4.0 and 5.0, respectively with optimum activity at 60°c. the michaelis constant (k(m)) was 0.16 and 0.27 mm for soluble and immobilised bg ...201323462595
deletion of flba results in increased secretome complexity and reduced secretion heterogeneity in colonies of aspergillus niger.aspergillus niger is a cell factory for the production of enzymes. this fungus secretes proteins in the central part and at the periphery of the colony. the sporulating zone of the colony overlapped with the nonsecreting subperipheral zone, indicating that sporulation inhibits protein secretion. indeed, strain δflba that is affected early in the sporulation program secreted proteins throughout the colony. in contrast, the δbrla strain that initiates but not completes sporulation did not show alt ...201323461488
key aromatic residues at subsites +2 and +3 of glycoside hydrolase family 31 α-glucosidase contribute to recognition of long-chain substrates.glycoside hydrolase family 31 α-glucosidases (31ags) show various specificities for maltooligosaccharides according to chain length. aspergillus niger α-glucosidase (ang) is specific for short-chain substrates with the highest k(cat)/k(m) for maltotriose, while sugar beet α-glucosidase (sbg) prefers long-chain substrates and soluble starch. multiple sequence alignment of 31ags indicated a high degree of diversity at the long loop (n-loop), which forms one wall of the active pocket. mutations of ...201323457711
enzyme production by the mixed fungal culture with nano-shear pretreated biomass and lignocellulose hydrolysis.cellulase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase production was studied on novel nano-shear pretreated corn stover by the mixed fungi culture. the high shear force from a modified tayor-couette nano-shear mixing reactor efficiently disintegrated corn stover, resulting in a homogeneous watery mash with particles in much reduced size. scanning electron microscope study showed visible mini-pores on the fiber cell wall surface, which could improve the accessibility of the pretreated corn stover to microorgani ...201323456729
erratum to: purification and characterization of a nitrilase from aspergillus niger k10. 201323455586
inhibitory effects of olea ferruginea crude leaves extract against some bacterial and fungal pathogen.this work aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of olea ferruginea crude leaves extract that are commonly used as remedy to cure infections in the tribal (khyber agency) areas of pakistan against some of bacterial and fungal pathogens. the crude n-hexane fraction was appreciably active against both gram positive and negative microorganisms (mic ranged from 7.5 to 15 mg/ml) followed by butanol fraction (mic 15 to 30 mg/ml). conversely least biological activity was shown by chloroform (30mg/ml) ...201323455192
safety evaluation of glucose oxidase from penicillium chrysogenum.glucose oxidase (β-d-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase; ec 1.1.2.3.4) is used in the food and beverage industry as a preservative and stabilizer and is commonly derived from the fungus aspergillus niger. although the safety of glucose oxidase preparations from a. niger is well-established, the use of preparations derived from other fungal species is of interest; however, an assessment of their safety is warranted. here, we report on the safety of a glucose oxidase preparation derived from the fung ...201323454104
potential of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) to differentiate environmental aspergillus fungi species a. niger, a. ochraceus, and a. westerdijkiae using two different methodologies.we assessed the ability of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) to differentiate three important and morphologically similar aspergillus species: a. ochraceus and a. westerdijkiae, and a. niger. fungi were processed by two methods, powdered mycelia and conidiospore-saline solution, and then recorded in a spectrometer. second derivatives with nine points of smoothing were applied as spectra data pretreatment. partial least squares regression was used for the species comparison models a ...201323452490
cytosolic streaming in vegetative mycelium and aerial structures of aspergillus niger.aspergillus niger forms aerial hyphae and conidiophores after a period of vegetative growth. the hyphae within the mycelium of a. niger are divided by septa. the central pore in these septa allows for cytoplasmic streaming. here, we studied inter- and intra-compartmental streaming of the reporter protein gfp in a. niger. expression of the gene encoding nuclear targeted gfp from the gpda or glaa promoter resulted in strong fluorescence of nuclei within the vegetative hyphae and weak fluorescence ...201223450745
the effect of natamycin on the transcriptome of conidia of aspergillus niger.the impact of natamycin on aspergillus niger was analysed during the first 8 h of germination of conidia. polarisation, germ tube formation, and mitosis were inhibited in the presence of 3 and 10 μm of the anti-fungal compound, while at 10 μm also isotropic growth was affected. natamycin did not have an effect on the decrease of microviscosity during germination and the concomitant reduction in mannitol and trehalose levels. however, it did abolish the increase of intracellular levels of glycero ...201223449730
germination of conidia of aspergillus niger is accompanied by major changes in rna profiles.the transcriptome of conidia of aspergillus niger was analysed during the first 8 h of germination. dormant conidia started to grow isotropically two h after inoculation in liquid medium. isotropic growth changed to polarised growth after 6 h, which coincided with one round of mitosis. dormant conidia contained transcripts from 4 626 genes. the number of genes with transcripts decreased to 3 557 after 2 h of germination, after which an increase was observed with 4 780 expressed genes 8 h after i ...201223449598
heterogeneity in liquid shaken cultures of aspergillus niger inoculated with melanised conidia or conidia of pigmentation mutants.black pigmented conidia of aspergillus niger give rise to micro-colonies when incubated in liquid shaken medium. these micro-colonies are heterogeneous with respect to gene expression and size. we here studied the biophysical properties of the conidia of a control strain and of strains in which the fwna, olva or brna gene is inactivated. these strains form fawn-, olive-, and brown-coloured conidia, respectively. the δolva strain produced larger conidia (3.8 μm) when compared to the other strains ...201223449476
muscodor albus volatiles control toxigenic fungi under controlled atmosphere (ca) storage conditions.muscodor albus, a biofumigant fungus, has the potential to control post-harvest pathogens in storage. it has been shown to produce over 20 volatile compounds with fungicidal, bactericidal and insecticidal properties. however, m. albus is a warm climate endophyte, and its biofumigant activity is significantly inhibited at temperatures below 5 °c. conidia of seven mycotoxin producing fungi, aspergillus carbonarius, a. flavus, a. niger, a. ochraceus, penicillium verrucosum, fusarium culmorum and f. ...201223443097
evaluation of leuconostoc citreum ho12 and weissella koreensis ho20 isolated from kimchi as a starter culture for whole wheat sourdough.leuconostoc citreum ho12 and weissella koreensis ho20 isolated from kimchi were evaluated as starter cultures in the making of whole wheat sourdough bread. after 24h of fermentation at 25 °c, both lactobacilli grew to the final cell numbers of ca. 10(9)cfu/g dough, and both doughs had similar phs and total titratable acidities. in addition, the fermentation quotient of the dough with lc. citreum ho12 was slightly lower than that of the dough with w. koreensis ho20 (1.6 versus 2.8). sourdoughs an ...201223442676
antibacterial/antifungal activity and synergistic interactions between polyprenols and other lipids isolated from ginkgo biloba l. leaves.polyprenols separated from lipids are promising new components from ginkgo biloba l. leaves (gbl). in this paper, ginkgo lipids were isolated by extraction with petroleum ether, saponification, and molecular distillation. eight known compounds: isophytol (1), nerolidol (2), linalool (3), β-sitosterol acetate (4), β-sitosterol (5), stigmasterol (6), ergosterol (7), β-sitosterol-3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (8) and ginkgo biloba polyprenols (gbp) were separated from gbl by chromatography and identified ...201323434869
microwave assisted nano (zno-tio2) catalyzed synthesis of some new 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-((5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine as antimicrobial agents.combined nano zinc oxide and titanium dioxide [nano (zno-tio(2))] has been reported first time for the synthesis of novel series of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-((5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)thieno[2,3-c]pyridine. all the synthesized compounds (7a-7m) are novel and were screened for their antimicrobial activity against four different strains like escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis and antifungal activity was determined against two strains ...201323434418
synthesis of 1h-1,2,3-triazoles and study of their antifungal and cytotoxicity activities.we report herein the results of antifungal activity of fifteen 1,2,3-triazoles against candida albicans, candida krusei, candida parapsilosis, candida kefyr, candida tropicalis, candida dubliniensis, tricophyton rubrum, microporum canis and aspergillus niger. all of the 1,2,3-triazoles were prepared from 1,3-dipolar cyclizations between aryl azides and alkynes catalyzed by cu(i), and several of the compounds exhibited antifungal activity with low cytotoxicity. the results demonstrated the potent ...201323432315
antimicrobial activity of a new preservative for multiuse ophthalmic solutions.the aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activity and the preservative efficacy of a novel preservative solution containing sodium hydroxymethyl glycinate (shmg) and edetate disodium (edta), which is used for preservation of some commercial ophthalmic formulations.201323428175
synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity of substituted thiazolyl derivatives of 2-quinolones.a series of new 3-(2-substituted amino/substituted hydrazino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl/phenylquinolin-2 (1h)-one hydroiodide 3a-3f and 4a-4f derivatives were prepared by heating 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl/phenyl quinolin-2 (1h)-one 2a-2b with substituted thiourea and substituted thiosemicarbazide in presence of iodine in n-butanol. the title compounds were characterized on the basis of ir, 1h nmr, 13c nmr and mass spectral (ms) studies. further title compounds were evaluated for anti ...201323427049
copper(ii) triflate promoted multicomponent catalytic clubbing of piperazinyl-thiazoloquinolines and thiazolocoumarins as antimicrobials.step economical, multicomponent construction of two series based on quinoline and coumarin ring systems was carried out. annulation towards the 2-piperazinylthiazole system was established in satisfactory yields, using copper(ii) triflate. these multicomponent reaction products were examined for their potential inhibitory effect against two gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus), three gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and klebsiella pn ...201323423648
biochemistry of microbial itaconic acid production.itaconic acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid which has a high potential as a biochemical building block, because it can be used as a monomer for the production of a plethora of products including resins, plastics, paints, and synthetic fibers. some aspergillus species, like a. itaconicus and a. terreus, show the ability to synthesize this organic acid and a. terreus can secrete significant amounts to the media (>80 g/l). however, compared with the citric acid production process (titers >200 g ...201323420787
immobilization of β-glucosidase on a magnetic nanoparticle improves thermostability: application in cellobiose hydrolysis.the objective of the present work was to develop a thermostable β-glucosidase through immobilization on a nanoscale carrier for potential application in biofuel production. β-glucosidase (bgl) from aspergillus niger was immobilized to functionalized magnetic nanoparticles by covalent binding. immobilized nanoparticles showed 93% immobilization binding. immobilized and free bgl were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (tem) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) techn ...201323419989
fungal biotransformation of zinc silicate and sulfide mineral ores.in this work, several fungi with geoactive properties, including aspergillus niger, beauveria caledonica and serpula himantioides, were used to investigate their potential bioweathering effects on zinc silicate and zinc sulfide ores used in zinc extraction and smelting, to gain understanding of the roles that fungi may play in transformations of such minerals in the soil, and effects on metal mobility. despite the recalcitrance of these minerals, new biominerals resulted from fungal interactions ...201323419112
occurrence of toxigenic aspergillus spp. and aflatoxins in selected food commodities of asian origin sourced in the west of scotland.the occurrence of aspergillus moulds and aflatoxins in 12 commercially-available dried foods of asian origin were examined. all food samples, except green beans and three types of dried fruit, contained multiple genera of moulds of which aspergillus (55%) was the most frequently detected. penicillium (15%), rhizopus (11%), mucor (3%), monascus (1%), eurotium (1%) and unidentified (14%) were also observed. the occurrence of aflatoxigenic moulds, however, did not correspond with the occurrence of ...201323416649
chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil of mentha suaveolens ehrh.hydrodistilled oils of the fresh aerial parts of mentha suaveolens ehrh. cultivated in egypt were prepared from samples collected along the four seasons. the percentage yields of these essential oils were 0.50%, 0.52%, 0.60%, and 0.47% of the dry weight for winter, spring, summer, and autumn samples. gc/ms analyses of all samples revealed a qualitative and quantitative variability in the oil composition. the total number of compounds identified was 46 among which 15 were common in all samples. t ...201223413751
bioactivities of volatile components from nepalese artemisia species.the essential oils from the leaves of artemisia dubia, a. indica, and a. vulgaris growing wild in nepal were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. the major components in a. dubia oil were chrysanthenone (29.0%), coumarin (18.3%), and camphor (16.4%). a. indica oil was dominated by ascaridole (15.4%), isoascaridole (9.9%), trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (9.7%), and trans-verbenol (8.4%). the essential oil of nepalese a. vulgaris was rich in alpha-thujone (30.5%), 1,8-cineole (12.4%) ...201223413575
in vitro antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against ocular pathogenic filamentous fungi.fungal keratitis is emerging as a major cause of vision loss in a developing country such as china because of higher incidence and the unavailability of effective antifungals. it is urgent to explore broad-spectrum antifungals to effectively suppress ocular fungal pathogens, and to develop new antifungal eye drops to combat this vision-threatening infection. the aim of this study is to investigate the antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (nano-ag) in comparison with that of natamycin agai ...201323410063
an investigation into the antifungal property of fabaceae using bioinformatics tools.chemodiversity in plants provides sources of great value which might be helpful for finding new leads in drug discovery programs. fabaceae as the third largest family of flowering plants was chosen to investigate its possible antifungal activity. in order to increase the effectiveness of the result, molecular similarity methods and chemical data were used. twelve plants were selected from fabaceae and collected from the north and south of iran. percolation method with 80% ethanol was used for ex ...201023407751
evaluation of free and immobilized aspergillus niger nrc1ami pectinase applicable in industrial processes.the aspergillus niger nrc1ami pectinase was evaluated according to its hydrolysis efficiency of dry untreated orange peels (uop), hcl-treated orange peels and naoh-treated orange peels (hop and nop). pectinase was entrapped in polyvinyl alcohol (pva) sponge and the optimum ph and temperature of the free and immobilized enzymes were shifted from 4, 40 °c to 6, 50 °c respectively. the study of ph stability of free and immobilized pectinase showed that the immobilization process protected the enzym ...201323399177
reduced by-product formation and modified oxygen availability improve itaconic acid production in aspergillus niger.aspergillus niger has an extraordinary potential to produce organic acids as proven by its application in industrial citric acid production. previously, it was shown that expression of the cis-aconitate decarboxylase gene (cada) from aspergillus terreus converted a. niger into an itaconic acid producer (li et al., fungal genet bio 48: 602-611, 2011). after some initial steps in production optimization in the previous research (li et al., bmc biotechnol 12: 57, 2012), this research aims at modify ...201323397482
development of antimicrobial thermoplastic material from archaeal poly-γ-l-glutamate and its nanofabrication.here we describe a stoichiometric ion-complex of archaeal poly-γ-l-glutamate (l-pga) and hexadecylpyridinium cation (hdp(+)), called pgaic, which shows remarkable chemical resistance and potential as a novel functional thermoplastic. pgaic films suppressed the proliferation of prokaryotic (escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, salmonella typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus) and eukaryotic (saccharomyces cerevisiae) microorganisms. moreover, its antifungal activity was demonstrated against a pr ...201323388052
modification of chitosan derivatives of environmental and biological interest: a green chemistry approach.chitosan is a non-toxic polyaminosaccharide that is available in a variety of useful forms, and its chemical and biological properties make it a very attractive biomaterial that could be used in a wide variety of medicinal applications. this work focuses on the preparation of different chitosan derivatives by treatment with ethyl cellulose, cellulose triacetate and different carbohydrates in both neutral and slightly acidic media. it also addresses modification with glycidyltrimethyl ammonium ch ...201323376358
involvement of the opportunistic pathogen aspergillus tubingensis in osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone: a case report.aspergillus tubingensis is a black aspergillus belonging to the aspergillus section nigri, which includes species that morphologically resemble aspergillus niger. recent developments in species determination have resulted in clinical isolates presumed to be aspergillus niger being reclassified as aspergillus tubingensis by sequencing. we present a report of a patient with an osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone with a probable invasive aspergillus tubingensis infection.201323374883
relationship between antimold activity and molecular structure of cinnamaldehyde analogues.a quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) modeling of the antimold activity of cinnamaldehyde analogues against of aspergillus niger and paecilomyces variotii was presented. the molecular descriptors of cinnamaldehyde analogues were calculated by the codessa program, and these descriptors were selected by best multi-linear regression method (bmlr). satisfactory multilinear regression models of aspergillus niger and paecilomyces variotii were obtained with r(2)=0.9099 and 0.9444, resp ...201323374870
decolorization and detoxification of synozol red hf-6bn azo dye, by aspergillus niger and nigrospora sp.in the present investigation the fungi, aspergillus niger and nigrospora sp. were employed for decolorization of synozol red hf-6bn. decolorization study showed that aspergillus niger and nigrospora sp. were able to decolorize 88% and 96% synozol red 6bn, respectively, in 24 days. it was also studied that 86% and 90% synozol red containing of dye effluent was decolorized by aspergillus niger and nigrospora sp. after 28 days of incubation at room temperature. a fungal-based protein with relative ...201323369298
engineering fungal nonreducing polyketide synthase by heterologous expression and domain swapping.we reannotated the a. niger nr-pks gene, e_gw1_19.204, and its downstream r domain gene, est_gwplus_c_190476, as a single gene which we named dtba. heterologous expression of dtba in a. nidulans demonstrated that dtba protein produces two polyketides, 2,4-dihydroxy-3,5,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (1) and 6-ethyl-2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde (2). generation of dtbaδr+te chimeric pkss by swapping the dtba r domain with the ausa (austinol biosynthesis) or anid_06448 te domain enabled the prod ...201323368695
production of biomass-degrading multienzyme complexes under solid-state fermentation of soybean meal using a bioreactor.biomass-degrading enzymes are one of the most costly inputs affecting the economic viability of the biochemical route for biomass conversion into biofuels. this work evaluates the effects of operational conditions on biomass-degrading multienzyme production by a selected strain of aspergillus niger. the fungus was cultivated under solid-state fermentation (ssf) of soybean meal, using an instrumented lab-scale bioreactor equipped with an on-line automated monitoring and control system. the effect ...201223365723
comparison of four feed proteases for improvement of nutritive value of poultry feather meal.feed industries are seeking new ways to cope with increased raw material costs, and one approach is to apply enzymatic treatment in the production of feed ingredients from animal by-products. keratinases, a group of proteases, are capable of hydrolyzing keratin-rich material and have been applied in the production of cost-effective feather by-products for use as feed and fertilizers. the current study examined 4 commercial feed proteases from bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis pwd-1, aspe ...201223365376
effect of microbial phytase on phosphorus digestibility in non-heat-treated and heat-treated wheat-barley pig diets.the objective was to evaluate effects of microbial phytase on apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of p in a non-heat-treated and a heat-treated wheat (triticum aestivum)-barley (hordeum vulgare) diet fed without inorganic p in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. the basal diet was ground and half of the batch was steam pelleted at 81°c and crumbled. phytase was added at 0, 250, and 500 phytase units (ftu)/kg as-fed (aspergillus niger). the study comprised 36 pigs from 6 litters. pigs were house ...201223365331
meta-analysis of effects of microbial phytase on digestibility and bioavailability of copper and zinc in growing pigs.a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of microbial phytase in pig diets on digestibility and bioavailability of cu and zn. studies (n = 22) into effects of microbial phytase on digestibility and plasma levels of cu and zn were included in a dataset and regression analysis was performed to quantify the effect of aspergillus niger derived 3-phytase in studies (n = 14) with a maximum dietary zn content of 100 mg/kg and a maximum cu addition of 20 mg/kg. phytase inclusion increased d ...201223365307
studies on antimicrobial efficacy of medicinal tuberous shrub talinum cuneifolium.talinum cuneifolium (vahl.) willd. an erect shrub with subterranian tuber (portulacaceae) is endowed with wide range of pharmacological activities. the antimicrobial efficacy of the plant is evaluated against three bacteria and two fungal species by disc diffusion method. preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out among hexane, ethylacetate, methanolic extracts of leaf and roottuber for different potent chemicals. the leaf methanolic extract of t cuneifolium showed maximum effect on the ...201223360007
novel cationic quinazolin-4(3h)-one conjugated fullerene nanoparticles as antimycobacterial and antimicrobial agents.a series of novel cationic fullerene derivatives bearing a substituted-quinazolin-4(3h)-one moiety as a side arm were synthesized using the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of c60 with azomethine ylides generated from the corresponding schiff bases of substituted quinazolinones. the synthesized compounds 5a-f were characterized by elemental analysis, ft-ir, 1h nmr, 13c nmr, and esi-ms and screened for their antibacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis (h37rv) and antimicrobial act ...201323359525
effect of occupational exposure to aflatoxins on some liver tumor markers in textile workers.in a study of textile workers, the effects of occupational exposure to cotton dust-with possible exposure to aflatoxin-on levels of some liver tumor biomarkers were explored.201323359393
production of polygalacturonases by aspergillus section nigri strains in a fixed bed reactor.polygalacturonases (pg) are pectinolytic enzymes that have technological, functional and biological applications in food processing, fruit ripening and plant-fungus interactions, respectively. in the present, a microtitre plate methodology was used for rapid screening of 61 isolates of fungi from aspergillus section nigri to assess production of endo- and exo-pg. studies of scale-up were carried out in a fixed bed reactor operated under different parameters using the best producer strain immobil ...201323358324
new metabolites from fungal biotransformation of an oral contraceptive agent: methyloestrenolone.fungal cell cultures were used for the first time for the biotransformation of methyloestrenolone (1), an oral contraceptive. fermentation of 1 with macrophomina phaseolina, aspergillus niger, gibberella fujikuroi, and cunninghamella echinulata produced eleven metabolites 2-12, six of which 2-5, 11 and 12 were found to be new. these metabolites were resulted from the hydroxylation at c-1, c-2, c-6, c-10, c-11, and c-17α-ch3, as well as aromatization of ring a of the steroidal skeleton of substra ...201323357433
effect of phytase from aspergillus niger on plant growth and mineral assimilation in wheat (triticum aestivum linn.) and its potential for use as a soil amendment.extensive use of non-replenishable phosphate reserves as phosphate supplements in agriculture and animal feed poses a threat for environmental pollution and necessitated a search for alternative phosphate sources. unlocking the phytate phosphorus using microbial phytase can provide an ecofriendly solution in agriculture. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of phytase from aspergillus niger ncim 563 in degradation of phytate phosphorus to benefit plant nutrition and soil amendm ...201323355258
synthesis, in vitro antifungal evaluation and in silico study of 3-azolyl-4-chromanone phenylhydrazones. 201223351328
antifungal activity of volatile organic compounds from streptomyces alboflavus td-1.streptomyces sp. td-1 was identified as streptomyces alboflavus based on its morphological characteristics, physiological properties, and 16s rdna gene sequence analysis. the antifungal activity of the volatile-producing s. alboflavus td-1 was investigated. results showed that volatiles generated by s. alboflavus td-1 inhibited storage fungi fusarium moniliforme sheldon, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus ochraceus, aspergillus niger, and penicillum citrinum in vitro. gc/ms analysis revealed that 2 ...201323351181
in vitro antimicrobial activity of pistachio (pistacia vera l.) polyphenols.we investigated the antimicrobial properties of polyphenol-rich fractions derived from raw shelled and roasted salted pistachios. american type culture collection (atcc), food and clinical isolates, of gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas mirabilis), gram-positive bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, enterococcus hirae, enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus), the yeasts candida albicans and candida parapsi ...201323350629
antifungal coatings based on ca(oh)2 mixed with zno/tio2 nanomaterials for protection of limestone monuments.the presence and deteriorating action of microbial biofilms on historic stone buildings have received considerable attention in the past few years. among microorganisms, fungi are one of the most damaging groups. in the present work, antimicrobial surfaces were prepared using suspensions of ca(oh)2 particles, mixed with zno or tio2 nanoparticles. the antimicrobial surfaces were evaluated for their antifungal activity both in the dark and under simulated natural photoperiod cycles, using penicill ...201323347459
enzymatic depolymerization of gum tragacanth: bifidogenic potential of low molecular weight oligosaccharides.gum tragacanth derived from the plant "goat's horn" (astragalus sp.) has a long history of use as a stabilizing, viscosity-enhancing agent in food emulsions. the gum contains pectinaceous arabinogalactans and fucose-substituted xylogalacturonans. in this work, gum tragacanth from astragalus gossypinus was enzymatically depolymerized using aspergillus niger pectinases (pectinex be color). the enzymatically degraded products were divided into three molecular weight fractions via membrane separatio ...201323343141
biotransformation and improved enzymatic extraction of chlorogenic acid from coffee pulp by filamentous fungi.the highest enzymatic extraction of covalent linked chlorogenic (36.1%) and caffeic (ca) (33%) acids from coffee pulp (cp) was achieved by solid-state fermentation with a mixture of three enzymatic extracts produced by aspergillus tamarii, rhizomucor pusillus, and trametes sp. enzyme extracts were produced in a practical inexpensive way. synergistic effects on the extraction yield were observed when more than one enzyme extract was used. in addition, biotransformation of chlorogenic acid (cha) b ...201323341203
relation between germination and mycelium growth of individual fungal spores.the relation between germination time and lag time of mycelium growth of individual spores was studied by combining microscopic and macroscopic techniques. the radial growth of a large number (100-200) of penicillium expansum and aspergillus niger mycelia originating from single spores was monitored macroscopically at isothermal conditions ranging from 0 to 30°c and 10 to 41.5°c, respectively. the radial growth curve for each mycelium was fitted to a linear model for the estimation of mycelium l ...201223337123
antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of funtumia elastica.funtumia elastica (preuss) stapf. (apocynaceae) has a long ethnopharmacological history for uses such as treatment of whooping cough, asthma, blennorhea, painful menstruation, fungal infections, and wounds.201323336626
effect of essential oil from fresh leaves of ocimum gratissimum l. on mycoflora during storage of peanuts in benin.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of essential oil from fresh leaves of sweet fennel (ocimum gratissimum) on mycoflora and aspergillus section flavi populations in stored peanuts. aspergillus, fusarium and mucor spp. were the most common genera identified from peanuts at post-harvest in benin by using a taxonomic schemes primarily based on morphological characters of mycelium and conidia. the isolated fungi include aspergillus niger, a. parasiticus, a. flavus, a. ochraceus, fusari ...201223334722
the effects of wild thyme (thymus serpyllum l.) essential oil components against ochratoxin-producing aspergilli.the aim of this study was to determine the effects of the essential oil of thymus serpyllum l. and of its components thymol and total phenols (total phenolic content, tpc) extracted from the plant on the growth and mycotoxin production of aspergillus ochraceus, a. carbonarius, and a. niger. minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) determined for the essential oil and thymol, and selected concentration of the tpc extract inhibited fungal growth and ochratoxin a biosynthesis by more than 60 %, depen ...201223334040
identification of ochratoxin a producing aspergillus carbonarius and a. niger clade isolated from grapes using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) reaction.to develop two assays based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) of dna for the quick and specific identification of aspergillus carbonarius and ochratoxigenic strains of the aspergillus niger clade isolated from grapes.201323331959
synthesis of some new thioxoquinazolinone derivatives and a study on their anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities.a series of ten novel derivatives of 3-substituted-2-thioxoquinazolin-4(3h)-ones have been synthesized from anthranilic acid via mannich reaction with various secondary amines in presence of formaldehyde in ice cold condition.201323329529
evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from carum copticum seed and ferula assafoetida latex.carum copticum and ferula assafoetida have several medicinal properties including antispasmodic, carminative, sedative, analgesic, and antiseptic. reactive oxygen species (ros), reactive nitrogen species (rns), hydrogen peroxide (h(2) o(2) ), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) scavenging activities of carum and ferula oils along with their antibacterial and antifungal activities were examined. thymol (40.25%), γ-terpinene (38.7%) and p-cymene (15.8%) were detected as the main co ...201323320824
aspergillus niger infection of an orbital exenteration socket can be treated with oral itraconazole.aspergillus niger infection is a rare complication following orbital exenteration, especially in immunocompetent patients. if untreated, the infection may lead to significant morbidities. we report a patient with this rare infection, who has been treated successfully with oral itraconazole.201223320225
purification of an antifungal compound, cyclo(l-pro-d-leu) for cereals produced by bacillus cereus subsp. thuringiensis associated with entomopathogenic nematode.mold spoilage is the main cause of substantial economic loss in cereals and might also cause public health problems due to the production of mycotoxins. the aim of this study was to separate and purify and to identify antifungal compounds of bacterium associated with novel entomopathogenic nematode and check the antifungal property of identified compound in particular food model systems. the antifungal compound was purified using silica gel column chromatography, tlc and hplc and its structure w ...201323305769
antibacterial and antimycotic activities of slovenian honeys.in the present study, slovenian honey samples produced from different floral sources are evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal properties. the peroxide contribution to antibacterial activity is also determined. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of the honeys was assessed against four bacterial species (escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus) and against eight fungal species (aspergillus niger, aureobasidium pullulans, candida alb ...201223304790
enhancement of invertase production by aspergillus niger oz-3 using low-intensity static magnetic fields.the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-intensity static magnetic fields (smfs) on invertase activity and growth on different newly identified molds. the most positive effect of smfs on invertase activity and growth was observed for aspergillus niger oz-3. the submerged production of invertase was performed with the spores obtained at the different exposure times (120, 144, 168, and 196 hr) and magnetic field intensities (0.45, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mt). the normal magnetic field of t ...201323302105
alkalophilic adaptation of xynb endoxylanase from aspergillus niger via rational design of pka of catalytic residues.based on the strategy of changing ph-stability profiles by altering pka values of catalytic residues, rational protein engineering was applied to improve alkalophilic adaptation of aspergillus niger endoxylanase xynb. computational predictions and molecular modeling were carried out using propka server and swiss-model server, respectively. three endoxylanase mutant of s108v, n151e, and q178r, in which the pka values of either catalytic glutamate residues shifted, were generated. in agreement wit ...201323290994
characterization of microbial communities and fungal metabolites on field grown strawberries from organic and conventional production.the background levels of culturable indigenous microbial communities (microbiotas) on strawberries were examined in a field survey with four conventional and four organic growers with different production practise and geographic distribution. the microbiota on apparently healthy strawberries was complex including potential plant pathogens, opportunistic human pathogens, plant disease biocontrol agents and mycotoxin producers. the latter group was dominated by penicillium spp. and aspergillus nig ...201223290240
[diversity and bioactivity of culturable actinobacteria from animal feces].in order to provide new source for discovering new lead compounds of drugs and other products, the diversity and some bioactivities of culturable actinobacteria in animal feces were studied.201223289327
[diversity and bioactivities of culturable marine actinobacteria isolated from mangrove sediment in indian ocean].in order to explore the diversity, antimicrobial activity and enzyme-producing activity of marine actinobacteria isolated from mangrove sediments in indian ocean.201223289317
rapid microwave assisted synthesis and antimicrobial bioevaluation of novel steroidal chalcones.a novel class of chalconoyl pregnenolones has been prepared via claisen-schmidt condensation under microwave activation and solvent free reaction conditions. the compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against two bacterial strains bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli and two fungal strains aspergillus niger and candida albicans. some of the compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the microbial strains. presence of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety in the synth ...201223287649
characterization of acidic protease from aspergillus niger bcrc 32720.an acid protease from the broth of a 24 h cultivated aspergillus niger bcrc 32720 was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity by cm sepharose ff and sephacryl s-100 hr chromatographs. the specific activity, purification fold, and yield were 23.29 ku/mg, 2.5, and 24.2%, respectively. molecular mass (m) and n-terminal amino acid sequence were 47.5 kda and skgsavtt, whereas the ph and temperature optima were at 2.5 and 50 °c, respectively. it was stable at ph 2.0-4.0 or ≤40 °c and activated by fe ...201323286670
role of pigmentation in protecting aspergillus niger conidiospores against pulsed light radiation.the photoprotective potential of fungus pigments was investigated by irradiating conidiospores of three aspergillus niger strains possessing the same genetic background, but differing in their degree of pigmentation with pulsed light (pl) and monochromatic (254 nm) uv-c radiation. spores of a. niger ma93.1 and jhp1.1 presenting, respectively, a fawn and a white pigmentation were more sensitive to pl and continuous uv-c radiation than the wild-type a. niger strain n402 possessing a dark pigment. ...201323278805
in vitro antifungal activity of dehydrozingerone and its fungitoxic properties.the efficacy of dehydrozingerone (dz; dehydroderivative of zingerone) as an antifungal agent and its mode of action against food spoilage fungal pathogens was studied and presented. dz is a constituent of ginger (zingiber officinale rhizomes) and structural half analogue of curcumin. its efficacy against aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus ochraceus, fusarium oxysporum and penicillium chrysogenum was evaluated. effect of dz on the growth and sporulation of a. o ...201223278709
mediated electron transfer of cellobiose dehydrogenase and glucose oxidase at osmium polymer-modified nanoporous gold electrodes.nanoporous and planar gold electrodes were utilised as supports for the redox enzymes aspergillus niger glucose oxidase (gox) and corynascus thermophilus cellobiose dehydrogenase (ctcdh). electrodes modified with hydrogels containing enzyme, os-redox polymers and the cross-linking agent poly(ethylene glycol)diglycidyl ether were used as biosensors for the determination of glucose and lactose. limits of detection of 6.0 (±0.4), 16.0 (±0.1) and 2.0 (±0.1) μm were obtained for ctcdh-modified lactos ...201323274559
antifungal and antioxidative potential of oil and extracts derived from leaves of indian spice plant cinnamomum tamala.plant—based antimicrobials and antioxidants represent a vast untapped source for medicines and food supplements and hence have enormous therapeutic potential. present work reports the fungicidal potential of cinnamomum tamala nees & eberm (lauraceae) leaf oil against five food spoilage and pathogenic fungi. in addition antioxidant efficacy of seven different solvent extracts derived from leaf was also evaluated using in vitro models. the oil demonstrated potent antifungal activity against asperg ...201223273204
synthesis of fructooligosaccharides from aspergillus niger commercial inulinase immobilized in montmorillonite pretreated in pressurized propane and lpg.commercial inulinase from aspergillus niger was immobilized in montmorillonite and then treated in pressurized propane and liquefied petroleum gas (lpg). firstly, the effects of system pressure, exposure time, and depressurization rate, using propane and lpg, on enzymatic activity were evaluated through central composite design 2³. residual activities of 145.1 and 148.5% were observed for lpg (30 bar, 6 h, and depressurization rate of 20 bar min⁻¹) and propane (270 bar, 1 h, and depressurization ...201323271628
evaluation of fungal chitosan as a biocontrol and antibacterial agent using fluorescence-labeling.chitosan is a precious biological polysaccharide that could be applied in several fields. fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled chitosan (fitc-cts) was synthesized as a macromolecular fluorophore added to fungal chitosan from aspergillus niger, to investigate the interaction mechanism and antibacterial performance of (fitc-cts) against escherichia coli and micrococcus leteus. fluorescence imaging was used to demonstrate chitosan effect on the bacterial cells. fluorescence density of treated bacteri ...201323270832
biocatalytic potential of laccase-like multicopper oxidases from aspergillus niger.laccase-like multicopper oxidases have been reported in several aspergillus species but they remain uncharacterized. the biocatalytic potential of the aspergillus niger fungal pigment multicopper oxidases mcoa and mcob and ascomycete laccase mcog was investigated.201223270588
supramolecular coordination and antimicrobial activities of constructed mixed ligand complexes.a novel series of copper(ii) and palladium(ii) with 4-derivatives benzaldehyde pyrazolone (l(n)) were synthesized. the mixed ligand complexes were prepared by using 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as second ligand. the structure of these complexes was identified and confirm by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, uv-vis, ir and (1)h nmr spectroscopy and magnetic moment measurements as well as thermal analysis. the ligand behaves as a neutral bidentate ligand through on donor sites. esr spectra sho ...201223268204
phytase supplementation improves blood zinc in rats fed with high phytate iranian bread.more than one third of energy intake in iran is provided from bread. therefore, improving bread mineral bioavailability through dephytinization can play an important role in decreasing the prevalence of many mineral deficiencies. in this study, effect of phytase supplementation on zinc, iron and calcium status in growing rats fed with a diet containing high phytate iranian bread (sangak) was assessed.201223267398
predictability of evolution depends nonmonotonically on population size.to gauge the relative importance of contingency and determinism in evolution is a fundamental problem that continues to motivate much theoretical and empirical research. in recent evolution experiments with microbes, this question has been explored by monitoring the repeatability of adaptive changes in replicate populations. here, we present the results of an extensive computational study of evolutionary predictability based on an experimentally measured eight-locus fitness landscape for the fil ...201323267075
enzymatic synthesis of fructooligosaccharides by inulinases from aspergillus niger and kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y-7571 in aqueous-organic medium.this work is focused on the synthesis of the fructooligosaccharides (fos) from sucrose and inulin, using free, immobilized and pre-treated immobilized inulinase from kluyveromyces marxianus nrrl y 7571 and aspergillus niger in an aqueous-organic system. initially, the influence of pre-treatment using four different gases, propane, n-butane, co(2) and liquefied petroleum gas (lpg), was investigated towards fos production and best results were found when both enzymes were previously treated with l ...201223265469
investigation of preservative efficacy and microbiological content of some cosmetics found on the market.in this study, microbial content and preservative efficacy of various cosmetic products, which are produced and sold in markets of our country, were investigated. microbial content and preservative efficacies of products were investigated according to united states pharmacopeia (usp) method. microorganism counts of out 14 of 93 cosmetic products were recovered in the range between 1.5 x 10(2)-5.5 x 10(5) cfu/ml. staphylococcus aureus was the most common contaminant identified in samples (from si ...201323261741
synthesis, in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of some n-acetylated and non-acetylated pyrazolines.fourteen new n-acetylated and non-acetylated pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by reacting chalcones with hydrazine in the presence of absolute ethanol however reaction was carried out in the presence of glacial acetic acid to afford n-acetylated pyrazolines. the chemical structures of the synthesized pyrazolines were confirmed by ftir, (1)hnmr, (13)cnmr and mass spectroscopic data. the pyrazolines (1-14) were screened for antibacterial activity against ten bacterial strains using seven gr ...201323261729
synthesis, structural and fungicidal studies of hydrazone based coordination compounds.the coordination compounds of the co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) metal ions derived from imine based ligand, benzil bis(carbohydarzone) were structurally and pharmaceutically studied. the compounds have the general stoichiometry [m(l)]x(2) and [co(l)x(2)], where m=ni(ii) and cu(ii), and x=no(3)(-) and cl(-) ions. the analytical techniques like elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, ir, uv/visible, nmr, esi mass and epr were used to study the compound ...201323261608
identification of a transcription factor controlling ph-dependent organic acid response in aspergillus niger.acid formation in aspergillus niger is known to be subjected to tight regulation, and the acid production profiles are fine-tuned to respond to the ambient ph. based on transcriptome data, putative trans-acting ph responding transcription factors were listed and through knock out studies, mutants exhibiting an oxalate overproducing phenotype were identified. the yield of oxalate was increased up to 158% compared to the wild type and the corresponding transcription factor was therefore entitled o ...201223251373
effects of feeding fermented ginkgo biloba leaves on small intestinal morphology, absorption, and immunomodulation of early lipopolysaccharide-challenged chicks.aspergillus niger-fermented-ginkgo biloba leaves (fg) and the comparative effect with nonfermented (nf)-ginkgo leaves were investigated on morphology, absorption, and immunity of small intestine after lipopolysaccharide (lps)-challenge in chicks at an early age. broiler chicks (180 d of age) were divided into 3 treatment groups and were fed 1 of 3 diets: basal diet or basal diet supplemented with 0.5% nf or fg (control, nf, and fg group, respectively). half of the birds from each treatment group ...201323243238
a preliminary survey on the occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins contaminating red rice at consumer level in selangor, malaysia.red rice is a fermented product of monascus spp. it is widely consumed by malaysian chinese who believe in its pharmacological properties. the traditional method of red rice preparation disregards safety regulation and renders red rice susceptible to fungal infestation and mycotoxin contamination. a preliminary study was undertaken aiming to determine the occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins contamination on red rice at consumer level in selangor, malaysia. fifty red rice samples wer ...201323242851
the transcriptomic fingerprint of glucoamylase over-expression in aspergillus niger.filamentous fungi such as aspergillus niger are well known for their exceptionally high capacity for secretion of proteins, organic acids, and secondary metabolites and they are therefore used in biotechnology as versatile microbial production platforms. however, system-wide insights into their metabolic and secretory capacities are sparse and rational strain improvement approaches are therefore limited. in order to gain a genome-wide view on the transcriptional regulation of the protein secreto ...201223237452
synthesis of some potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory metabolites by fungal transformation of anabolic steroid oxymetholone.biotransformation of organic compounds by using microbial whole cells provides an efficient approach to obtain novel analogues which are often difficult to synthesize chemically. in this manuscript, we report for the first time the microbial transformation of a synthetic anabolic steroidal drug, oxymetholone, by fungal cell cultures.201223237028
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