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vertebral north american blastomycosis.a single case of back pain due to blastomyces dermatitidis infection limited solely to the skeleton is reported with a discussion of the differential diagnosis. this rare disease must be differentiated from other destructive bone lesions such as tuberculosis or tumors because of the availability of effective treatment.19806445602
thymosin restoration of cellular immunity to blastomyces dermatitidis in t-cell-depleted mice.the immunopotentiating properties of thymosin in thymectomized, lethally irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted mice (thyxbm) were characterized, using footpad sensitivity to blastomyces dermatitidis. normal mice were shown to exhibit increasing delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to killed yeast cells of b. dermatitidis after injections of the organism on days 0 and 7, as measured by footpad swelling tests. the footpad response of normal thymosin-treated mice was similar to that of normal, n ...1979500201
cross-reactivity between antigens of coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis in lymphocyte transformation assays.the cross-reactivity of four coccidioides antigens, three histoplasma antigens, and two blastomyces antigens were determined in lymphocyte transformation assays of 11 coccidioidin-reactive, histoplasmin-nonreactive subjects (group i), 13 coccidioidin-nonreactive, histoplasmin-reactive persons (group ii), and 13 subjects who were skin test negative to both antigens (group iii). mycelial and yeast (or spherule)-phase antigens of the three fungi were included. significant cross-reactivity was obtai ...1979500193
factors affecting viability of blastomyces dermatitidis in soil. 1979470979
histoplasmosis in south carolina: support for the microfocus concept.an outbreak of anthropurgic histoplasmosis occurred in rural south carolina when a canebrake which served as a blackbird roost was cleared with a bulldozer. seven days later the index patient became ill with histoplasmosis. nine other patients contracted the disease, but only the index case was fatal. serologic studies on the 10 patients demonstrated high titers in the histoplasmin latex agglutination test within two to three weeks after exposure. serologic titers to the yeast-form histoplasma c ...1979443245
filamentous forms of ajellomyces (blastomyces) dermatitidis in a dog. 1979442457
interactions between human granulocytes and blastomyces dermatitidis.we studied interactions in vitro between human granulocytes and the yeast-like form of blastomyces dermatitidis, because granulocytes are prominent in the host response to systemic blastomycosis. in boyden chamber assays, broth culture filtrates of b. dermatitidis contained levels of granulocyte chemotactic activity that were significantly higher than those present in similar culture filtrates of histoplasma capsulatum and cryptococcus neoformans, two fungi that characteristically do not elicit ...1979422234
north american blastomycosis: a review.north american blastomycosis, first reported in 1894, and once thought to be a geographically localized disease, has now been reported worldwide. the greatest number of cases occur in the mississippi, missouri, and ohio river basins. the organism enters the body via the lungs with subsequent dissemination to other organs, including the skin, eyes, bones, and genitourinary system. patients most often present with cutaneous or pulmonary complaints. demonstration of characteristic fungal morphology ...1979391499
the efficacies of common dyes in primary isolation media for recovery of pathogenic fungi.dyes incorporated into a basal medium of brain heart infusion, sabhi, tryptic soy, or yeast extract--pepton--glucose (yxpg) agar for selective isolation of fungi were investigated. dilutions of 1:500, 1:750, 1:1,000, 1:5,000, and 1:10,000 of 33 common dyes were tested against 11 gram-positive and 16 gram-negative bacteria. in addition, these dyes were tested against cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, and the dimorphic phases of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. twenty- ...1979389033
preparation of reference antisera for laboratory diagnosis of blastomycosis.antiserum was prepared in rabbits against the a antigen and a new antigen (labeled the d antigen) of yeast-phase cells of blastomyces dermatitidis by using immunoelectrophoretic precipitin arcs as vaccine. the antiserum can be used as a reference serum in the immunodiffusion test for identyfying antibodies to the a antigen in sera from patients thought to have blastomycosis. antibodies to the d antigen have not yet been found in human sera. the rabbit antiserum that was absorbed with histoplasma ...1979115894
common antigens among systemic disease fungi analyzed by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis.the interpretation of immunological results in systemic mycoses has been complicated by cross-reactions among specimens from patients with blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis. the fungal preparations used in these tests evidently contained one or more antigens in common. two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis techniques were used to determine the number of antigens contained in several soluble extracts from blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum that were common wit ...1979422249
the isolation of histoplasma capsulatum, cryptococcus neoformans and blastomyces dermatitidis from the same natural site. 1979394361
light and electron microscopic observations of blastomyces dermatitidis in sputum.freshly expectorated sputum from a 52-year-old man with extensive pulmonary blastomycosis was examined by light and electron microscopy. wet preparations of the sputum, stained with 1% aqueous cresyl violet, revealed numerous thick-walled, spherical blastospores and occasional budding forms. ultrastructurally, the blastospores revealed a double-layered cell wall, the peripheral portion of which consisted of a thick, densely staining lamellar material of variable thickness, suggestive of the glyc ...1979294059
blastomycosis: report of three cases from alberta with a review of canadian cases.approximately 120 cases of blastomycosis have been reported from canada to-date. the great majority of these occurred in the eastern provinces. since 1970, three cases of blastomycosis have been seen in alberta. the first case, with meningeal and pulmonary involvements, was diagnosed at post-mortem. the second case was that of a 75-year-old male with a history of pancytopenia, aortic arteriosclerosis, exposure to mercury, and fever. koh and periodic-acid schiff (pas) stained smears of the lung t ...197991108
additional isolations of blastomyces dermatitidis from natural sites.the ecological niche of blastomyces dermatitidis has not been established. this paper describes the repeat isolation of this pathogenic fungus from organic debris collected at a natural site and another, previously not reported, isolation. although the precise environmental source of this pathogen still cannot be defined, each isolation of this fungus from a natural site adds to the understanding of the ecology of this organism.1979464190
comparison of the in vitro antifungal activities of miconazole and a new imidazole, r41,400.r41,400 is a recently synthesized, water-soluble imidazole. its antifungal properties were compared in vitro with those of miconazole using an agar dilution procedure and 175 isolates of human fungal pathogens. the filamentous forms of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis were inhibited by less than or equal to 2 microgram of either drug/ml; coccidioides immitis was inhibited by less than or equal to 0.5 microgram of r41,400/ml. among the yeasts tested, cryptococcus neoformans and ...1978681800
occurrence of blastomyces dermatitidis in israel. first autochthonous middle eastern case.a nodule from the infrapatellar region of the left knee of a patient in israel was found by fluorescent antibody staining to contain the tissue form cells of blastomyces dermatitidis. the diagnosis was confirmed by culture and other mycological studies when a second lesion appeared below the right knee. this represents the first autochthonous case of blastomycosis from israel and the middle east.1978727325
in vitro studies with ambruticin, a new antifungal antibiotic.the in vitro antifungal inhibitory activities of ambruticin and of various antifungal drugs of choice against 190 fungal pathogens representative of the major human mycoses were compared using a modification of the ics agar dilution technique. ambruticin compared favorably with amphotericin b and miconazole when tested against the dimorphic pathogens coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, and blastomyces dermatitidis and against aspergillus fumigatus. miconazole was the most active compou ...1978686712
in vitro comparison of the antifungal activities of r34,000, miconazole and amphotericin b.in vitro susceptibilities of 78 isolates of pathogenic filamentous fungi to the imidazole compounds r34,000 and miconazole and to amphotericin b were determined using an agar dilution technique. allescheria boydii, sporothrix schenckii and the dematiaceous fungi (cladosporium, fonsecaea and phialophora spp.) were most susceptible to miconazole with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values ranging from less than or equal to 0.25 to 32 microgram/ml and with geometric mean mic (g-mic) values o ...1978699677
endogenous activation in blastomycosis.recent work established the fact that the portal of entry in blastomycosis is the lung. after the initial exposure to the fungus, a pneumonic process develops that may heal spontaneously or progress locally or at distant sites, or both. frequently, however, patients present with disseminated disease, whose chest roentgenograms do not show any lesions. we have recently seen three patients with disseminated blastomycosis with negative chest roentgenograms at the time of diagnosis. past history sho ...1978619757
the use of fluorescein-labelled lectins in the detection and identification of fungi pathogenic for man: a preliminary study.fluorescein-labelled lectins of known specificities for different sugars were used in an attempt to identify fungi in paraffin sections of surgical and post-mortem material. aspergillus fumigatus, blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, paracoccidioides brasiliensis and rhizopus oryzae have been studied with five fluorescein-labelled lectins and with basis of differences in their reactions with these stains. the results accord well with what is known of the chemistry ...1978355633
role of the conidium in dimorphism of blastomyces dermatitidis.fine details of yeastlike cell development of blastomyces dermatitidis from its conidium are described and illustrated by electron micrographs. when cultured in an enriched medium at 37c, conidia of two strains of b. dermatitidis readily underwent ultrastructural changes consistent with mycelial to yeast dimorphism. although hyphal cells contained in the conversion cultures were observed consistently to undergo profound degenerative changes, the conidia rapidly germinated to give rise to short g ...1978213723
comparative immunochemical studies of different antigens of deep mycosis pathogens.the disintegration of cells of coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis and candida albicans by ultrasonical treatment, repeated freezing-thawing or mechanical methods permitted to obtain antigens with a high protein content. the treatment of these fungal cells with beta-naphthol, ethanol, glycerine or alkali makes it possible to isolate antigens containing mainly polysaccharides. the studied antigens turned out to be complex compounds. proteins, glycoproteins, nucl ...197879329
mouse model of pulmonary blastomycosis: utility, simplicity, and quantitative parameters.a murine model of pulmonary mycotic disease using blastomyces dermatitidis is defined quantitatively. intranasal inoculation with yeasts avoids delays in growing microconidia and can be performed with routine precautions without sophisticated biohazard facilities. the particles rapidly reach the bronchioles and alveoli, producing a progressive focal pneumonia, studied histologically. in vitro growth conditions are defined to titer inocula reproducibly with visual methods. median survival can be ...1978646221
in vitro and in vivo studies of ambruticin (w7783): new class of antifungal antibiotics.ambruticin is a cyclopropyl-pyran acid, representing a new class of antibiotics. it has a relatively broad antifungal spectrum in vitro and is highly active against dimorphic as well as filamentous organisms. of 24 strains of dermatophytic fungi tested, the majority were susceptible to ambruticin at 0.049 mug/ml or less. the minimal inhibitory concentration for the systemic fungi histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis was 0.049 to 0.39 mug/ml. ambruticin is fungicidal for metabolizi ...1978666301
use of an alkali-soluble water-soluble extract of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast-phase cell walls and isoelectrically focused components in peripheral lymphocyte transformations.an alkali-soluble water-soluble extract of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast-phase cell walls was tested for its ability to elicit a response in lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of blastomyces-infected guinea pigs. sequential preparations of the antigen were reproducible and specific in the in vitro lymphocyte transformation assay. cross-reactivity of the antigen was not evident in lymphocyte transformation assays on lymphocytes obtained from histoplasma-infected guinea pigs or from a ...1978631880
pleural effusion: a rare manifestation of acute pulmonary blastomycosis.a 47-year-old woman presented with cough, pleuritic chest pain and fever of three weeks duration. although the patient lived in an area where blastomycosis is endemic, this diagnosis was not initially considered owing to the presence of consolidation and a large pleural effusion on the initial chest roentgenogram. cultures of sputa, bronchial washings and pleural fluid documented the presence of pleuropulmonary infection with blastomyces dermatitidis. therapy with amphotericin b was associated w ...1977610419
antigenic, chemical, and structural properties of cell walls of histoplasma capsulatum yeast-form chemotypes 1 and 2 after serial enzymatic hydrolysis.cell walls of histoplasma capsulatum yeast-form chemotypes 1 (chem 1) and 2 (chem 2) treated sequentially with several polysaccharolytic enzymes and pronase yielded soluble, nondialyzable polysaccharides at each step, which were analyzed for monosaccharides, protein composition, and serological activity. polysaccharide recovered after digestion of chem 1 walls with beta(1-->3)-glucanase contained glucose > mannose > glucosamine > galactose. this fraction (chem 1 betag(1)) was analyzed by polyacr ...1977405328
blastomycosis: specificity of antigens reflecting the mating types of ajellomyces dermatitidis.in a study of sera from patients with proven or suspected blastomycosis, positive immunodiffusion tests were obtained in all active cases when fresh sera were tested with a cell sap (cs) antigen. false negatives occurred on occasion when an ethanol precipitate (epf) antigen was used alone. no false positives were found. the cs antigen from the (+) mating type had in common two lines of identity with the (cs) antigen of the (-) type. in addition, other lines were present when the patient was infe ...1977403475
in vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immune responses to a cell wall antigen of blastomyces dermatitidis.an alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall fraction of blastomyces dermatitidis, designated b-asws, was evaluated as an antigen for detecting in vivo (skin tests) and in vitro migration inhibition factor (mif) production and lymphocyte transformation (lt) responses in blastomyces-infected guinea pigs. the biological activity of b-asws was compared with that of blastomycin kcb-26. the superiority of b-asws, in terms of its sensitivity and specificity, was evident in in vivo and in vitro assays. s ...1977321349
blastomyces dermatitidis treated during pregnancy: report of a case. 1977888871
cell wall studies of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis using autologous and heterologous enzymes.enzymes capable of hydrolyzing cell walls of blastomyces dermatitidis and chemotypes i and ii of histoplasma capsulatum were prepared in the laboratory or obtained from commercial sources. they included chitinases, beta-1,3-glucanases, beta-1,6-glucanase, and pronase. monosaccharides and disaccharides of glucose released from the cell walls by the enzymes were determined qualitatively by paper and gas-liquid chromatography, and monosaccharides were quantitated by the latter technique as well. an ...1977870437
the effect of freezing and the influence of isolation medium on the recovery of pathogenic fungi from sputum.the primary objective of this study was to determine whether freezing sputa in dry ice had any effect on the recovery of pathogenic fungi. sputa seeded with each of five fungi (histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, cryptococus neoformans, coccidioides immitis, and aspergillus fumigatus) were frozen and stored for 24, 48, and 72 hours on dry ice. h. capsulatum was killed, and only a few colonies of b. dermatitidis and c. neoformans were isolated from these sputa. however, a. fumigatus ...1977335251
accidental inoculation blastomycosis.the pathogenesis of blastomycosis as a primary pulmonary infection has been well established and widely accepted. the rate cases of primary cutaneous inoculation are in all documented instances related to "laboratory" accidents. a case of inoculation with a culture suspension of blastomyces dermatitidis is herein reported. a slow healing chancre remained active for about eight months.1977844336
case report: miliary blastomycosis with cerebral involvement.a patient was diagnosed as having labyrinthitis and an intracranial brain tumor. at the time a very fine nodularity to the bronchopulmonary markings was noted on the chest roentgenogram. subsequent follow up examination revealed diffuse nodular densities throughout both lung fields having the appearance of a miliary distribution. antituberculous therapy was begun empirically, but the patient expired within three weeks. at autopsy multiple granulomas were found in the cerebrum, cerebellum and men ...1977846556
investigation on dimorphism of blastomyces dermatitidis by agar-implantation method.by the agar-implantation developed by the authors the process of conversion on blastomyces dermatitidis from mycelial phase to yeast phase was observed. first of all slide cultures of the fungus were prepared at room temperature. upon confirmation of good hyphal growth, a cover glass was removed and a part of medium was cut out in a square of about 3 mm a side. after mice were laparotomied, each agar block cut out was implanted in the peritoneal cavity of mouse. the mice implanted with the agar ...1977846557
addison's disease secondary to north american blastomycosis.reported is the fifth known case of addison's disease due to adrenal involvement by north american blastomycosis (blastomyces dermatitidis infection). the fact that amphotericin b therapy precipitated an addisonian crisis suggests that patients with disseminated blastomycosis should have their adrenal function and reserve evaluated before undergoing systemic chemotherapy.1977877650
dual infection by "+" and "-" mating types of ajellomyces (blastomyces) dermatitidis.a culture of blastomyces dermatitidis isolated via bronchial washing from a patient with blastomycosis was studied intensively. the primary isolate was shown to have contained both the "+" and "-" mating type determiners of ajellomyces dermatitidis. this was evidenced by the observations that both a first and a second subculture, when paired with itself produced fertile ascocarps typical of a. dermatitidis. both these subcultures determined the production of ascospores when paired individually w ...1977879161
blastomycosis of the tongue: a case report.a clinically malignant tongue ulcer in a 63-year-old white man was proved by histological examination and culture to be due to blastomyces dermatitidis. in addition, pulmonary lesions caused by b. dermatitidis were found at autopsy.1977897859
effect of cetylpyridinium chloride on pathogenic fungi and nocardia asteroides in sputum.the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) on pathogenic fungi and nocardia asteroides was studied. sputa seeded with each of 11 organisms (aspergillus flavus; aspergillus fumigatus, blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoformans, geotrichum candidum, histoplasma capsulatum; nocardia asteroides, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and sporothrix schenckii) were treated with cpc and kept for 2, 5 and 9 days. the cpc reagent used (0.5% cpc and 0.5% sodium ch ...1976773957
effect of immunosuppressants on dogs exposed two and one-half years previously to blastomyces dermatitidis.observation of 33 dogs exposed to blastomyces dermatitidis over a 2 1/2 year period is reported. during the first 1 1/2 years six dogs died and 23 (77%) developed skin lesions. clinical evidence of disease in all the animals then subsided and remained so through another year of observation. nine animals were sacrificed after 120 weeks and several tissues were cultured from each one. the remaining 18 were given immunosuppressants--azathioprine, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide--for eight weeks p ...1976961697
isolation of a purified skin test antigen from blastomyces dermatitidis yeast-phase cell wall.preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to isolate individual components of an alkaline-soluble-water-soluble fraction of the cell wall of blastomyces dermatitidis yeast phase. one component isolated demonstrated exceptional specificity and reactivity when tested on guinea pigs infected with b. dermatitidis. this component displayed no cross-reactivity when tested on animals infected with histoplasma capsulatum. the significance of isolation of a purified, specific antigen is dis ...1976965086
clinical and roentgenographic manifestations of acute and chronic blastomycosis.roentgenograms and hospital records of 50 patients with blastomycosis proven by cultures were analyzed to determine possible differences between the acute and chronic forms of the illness. six patients had acute blastomycosis with symptoms occurring three weeks or less prior to hospitalization. the remaining 44 patients had chronic illnesses with symptoms occurring up to six years (mean duration, ten months before hospitalization). the acute illness was characterized by toxic symptoms, chest pai ...1976971603
disseminated pulmonary blastomycosis in an immunosuppressed patient. diagnosis by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.a 73-year-old man with malignant lymphoma who was undergoing treatment with systemic chemotherapy presented with an acute, febrile illness associated with cough and sputum production. the patient developed bilateral, diffuse, pulmonary interstitial infiltrates with rapidly progressive respiratory insufficiency. the diagnosis was made by demonstrating blastomyces dermatitidis in bronchial brush and transbronchial lung biopsy specimens obtained through fiberoptic bronchoscopy.1976946159
preliminary studies on conidial liberation of blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum.controlled attempts to release viable conidia from cultures of blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum with air samplers were unsuccessful. air velocity was not fount to be a limiting factor since the conidia remained attached after conidiophores had been violently shaken by air currents in an observation chamber. wetting these same conidiophores readily released the conidia. it is inferred that in nature conidia may be liberated by exposure to water and then dispersed by air current ...1976959945
[blastomyces dermatitidis blastomycosis in africa. first algerian case].a case of fatal generalized blastomycosis is reported. it was the first case of that mycosis observed in algeria. the parasitic yeast-like cells of the fungus were seen in pus and tissue sections and blastomyces dermatitidis cultured from pathological specimens. yeast-like form was obtained in vitro on kurung's agar at 37 degrees c. male hamsters infected with this strain failed to develop an experimental disease. the occurrence and distribution of blastomycosis in africa are discussed.19761037088
preparation and in vitro antifungal activities of some quinolizidine derived hemiaminals and beta-tert-amino sulfides.new alpha-thiohemiaminals, 7alpha-phenylthio-7-epideoxynupharidin-6-ol, the diasteriomeric 7beta-phenylthiodeoxy-nupharidin-6-ol, and 3-methyl-3-methylthio-4-hydroxyquinolizidine, were prepared and reduced to the corresponding beta-tert-amino sulfides. the configuration at c-7 of the beta-tert-amino sulfides was determined by observing the direction of the solvent-induced shift of the c-7 methyl proton resonance. the configuration at c-7 of the new alpha-thiohemiaminals was established by correl ...19761249801
isolation of blastomyces dermatitidis from pigeon manure.we recently diagnosed and treated a 45-year-old white male horticulturist with acute progressive blastomycosis. epidemiologic studies revealed that the patient used a load of pigeon manure as fertilizer approximately 6 weeks before becoming ill. he used the pigeon manure only once, resealed the remainder, and stored it in his hothouse. samples of the pigeon guano were digested with 10 per cent koh, and the characteristic yeast forms of blastomyces dermatitidis were seen in large numbers. the fun ...19761034455
amphotericin b and amphotericin b methyl ester ascorbate. i. chemotherapeutic activity against candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, and blastomyces dermatitidis in mice.amphotericin b methyl ester (ame) has been reported to possess in vitro antifungal activity similar to that of amphotericin b and to have less intrinsic toxicity in mice and dogs. for these reasons ame has been porposed as an alternative to amphotericin b in the therapy of deep mycoses. for comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of the two polyenes in laboratory animals before initiation of studies in humans, groups of mice were infected with candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, and blasto ...1976792355
positive controls for fungal detection in tissue sections.lyophilized histoplasma capsulatum, coccidioides immitis, blastomyces dermatitidis and aspergillus fumigatus are rehydrated, evenly dispersed, and made into smears using a bacteriological loop and alcohol-cleaned slides. smears are air dried for 15 minutes, fixed in concentrated formaldehyde fumes for 30 minutes, postfixed for one hour in ten per cent buffered formaldehyde, and stored at room temperature. these preparations are used as positive controls for the grocott stain as recommended for c ...197660881
current status of treatment of pneumonia.proper treatment of pneumonia is dependent upon a correct diagnosis. pneumonia may be due to infectious agents, allergic phenomena, or chemical causes. treatment regimens are outlined for the various types of pneumonia--pneumococcal, staphylococcal, fungal, and pneumonia due to gram-negative and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, to blastomyces dermatitidis, and to the parasite pneumocystis carinii. in discussing current concepts of treatment, several well-known methods are emphasized, as well as ...1975792
improved culture method for the isolation of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis form contaminated specimens.studies were performed to evaluate a method for selective isolation of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis from contaminated specimens. ammonium hydroxide placed on an agar medium surface was found to inhibit the growth of many bacteria, yeasts, and saphrophytic fungi normally found in specimens such as animal tissues and sputum. in one study involving the culture of b. dermatitidis from canine tissues, 24% more isolations were obtained on a medium using nh4oh compared with a sim ...19751115035
distribution of blastomyces dermatitidis in dogs with skin test and serologic results following airborne infection.reported is a short term (16 week) experiment to determine the distribution of b. dermatitidis in dogs when infected by the natural inhalation route by receiving about 250,000 viable particles during a 24h. exposure. four dogs were positive to blastomycin and 1 to histoplasmin prior to exposure. post exposure, all dogs developed positive skin tests to blastomycin by the 4th week with considerable cross reaction to histoplasmin. serologic tests showed more poritive cf tests to histoplasma than to ...19751162541
[further experimental data on clotrimazole: effectiveness against cryptococcus neoformans, sporothrix schenkii and blastomyces dermatitidis gilchrist]. 19751099444
new azasteroidal antifungal antibiotics from geotrichum flavo-brunneum. iii. biological activity.the a25822 antibiotic complex consists of seven biologically active factors. a comparative study of these factors determined that factor b possessed the greatest antifungal activity. the minimal inhibitory concentration of a25822b against isolates of candida albicans was less than 0.3 similar to 5.0 mug/ml, trichophyton mentagrophytes was inhibited at less than 0.0312 mug/ml. other pathogenic fungi such as cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, sporotrichum sc ...19751089623
detection of fungi in clinical specimens by phase-contrast microscopy.during 1973 and 1974, the following fungi were detected in clinical specimens by using phase-contrast microscopy: blastomyces dermatitidis, 5; coccidioides immitis, 3; cryptococcus neoformans, 11; other yeasts 918; dermatophytes, 863; mucor species, 1; and aspergillus fumigatus, 16. this technique allows rapid detection and, in many instances, immediate identification of fungi in clinical specimens.19751100675
sensitivity of some human pathogenic yeasts and systemic fungi to myxin.myxin, a relatively new antibacterial and antifungal antibiotic, produced by a species of sorangium, was used to investigate its effectiveness against some yeasts and dimorphic fungi associated with human diseases. results indicated that the minimal fungicidal concentrations (mfc) of myxin for candida albicans, c. krusei, c. parapsilosis, c. tropicalis, and torulopsis glabrata were 0.39-6.25 mug/ml, and for c. guilliermondii and c. tropicalis 12.5-25 mug/ml. the mfc for blastomyces dermatitidis ...19751171116
isolation of dermatophytes, candida species and systemic fungi from dermatologic specimens in montréal, 1963 to 1973.of 10 057 specimens of scrapings from skin, nails and scalp examined for dermatophytes, yeasts, pityriasis versicolor and systemic mycoses between 1963 and 1973, 30.4 percent were positive for fungi. skin produced the highest proportion (68.6 percent) of positive scrapings, scalp the lowest (4.2 percent). trichophyton rubrum was the predominant species (23.6 percent); of lesser prevalence were microsporum canis (9.3 percent), t. mentagrophytes (8.4 percent) and epidermophyton floccosum (4.8 perc ...19751091342
rapid conversion of histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis and sporothrix schenckii in tissue culture.a simple method for positive identification of histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, and sporothrix schenckii is given. primary tissue cultures of guinea pig peritoneal macrophage were inoculated with the mycelial phase of each organism and after 24 h the cells were stained and observed microscopically. the characteristic yeast phase could then be observed allowing for positive identification.19751236872
morphogenic effects of ramihyphin a in filamentous fungi.ramihyphin a at subfungistatic concentrations stimulates ramification of hyphae of filamentous fungi. stimulation of terminal ramification of hyphae that can be observed particularly in phytopathogenic fungi is most frequent. hyphae of microsporon canis, trichophyton mentagrophytes, blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis and histoplasma capsulatum ramify intensively laterally. stimulation of the lateral ramification was observed in monilia fructigena, penicillium marneffei and penicilliu ...19751176042
identification of yeast phase of pathogenic fungi by the specificity of their aminopeptidase(s).specificity of aminopeptidase(s) was fluorimetrically determined in the yeast phase of histoplasma capsulatum, h. duboisii, h. farciminosum, blastomyces dermatitidis, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, candida albicans and crytococcus neoformans. after individually incubating each of 26 amino acid-beta-naphthylamides with each yeast, the amount of each amino acid-beta-naphthylamide hydrolyzed was determined by measuring the free naphythylamine. this resulted in a reproducible profile of the aminopep ...1975808867
amino acid synthetic media for fungal pathogens based on aminopeptidase specificities: histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermititidis, paracoccidioides brasiliensis and cryptococcus neoformans.the development of simple and chemically defined liquid media for histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, paracoccidioides brasiliensis and crypto-occus neoformans according to their aminopeptidases profiles as amino acid requirement was described. when 1.5% purified agar was added, these media also supported excellent mycelial growth and sporulation of the deep mycoses. h. capsulatum was converted to and maintained in yeast phase when 0.1% l-cystine was added to the solid medium incub ...19751099698
growth curves of the yeast-like form of paracocidioides bradiliensis.growth curves of the yeast-like form of 4 strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis based on colony counts on ggy agar and on cell counts weree made. mean generation times wer 17, 13 and 21 h. for 3 of the strains. the kinetics of growth for all strains showed that dead cells were present in approximately the same proportion as living cells in the initial inocula and their number increased through the exponential phase of growth at a similar rate as that of living cells. viability counts made in ...19751091997
morphological conversion of 13 strains of three dimorphic fungi in tap and stream water.various strains of sporotrichum schenckii, histoplasma capsulatum and paracoccidioides brasiliensis show partial to complete (ca 70%) conversion to yeast when the mycelial culture is grown on sabouraud's dextrose agar at 25degreesc and palced in tap or stream water at 37degreesc. conversion (ca 70%) to mycelial phase occurs when the yeast culture is grown on brain heart infusion agar at 37degreesc and then placed in tap or stream water at 25degreesc. it was observed that, with the dimorphic orga ...19751242119
the fine structure of the microconidium of blastomyces dermatitidis. 19744134814
isolation of skin test-active preparations from yeast-phase cells of blastomyces dermatitidis.cell wall and cytoplasmic fractions were isolated from mechanically disrupted yeast-phase cells of blastomyces dermatitidis in an effort to obtain a reliable skin-test antigen. the biological activities of these fractions were compared with those of two blastomycin preparations. the cytoplasmic antigens exhibited a low index of specificity yet exceeded the specificities of the blastomycins. the skin test-active component(s) of the cytoplasmic material had a molecular weight between 10,000 and 30 ...19744135392
observations of a naturally-occurring lattice array of ribosomes in ultrathin section of ajellomyces dermatitidis. 19744437590
skin testing of guinea pigs and footpad testing of mice with a new antigen for detecting delayed hypersensitivity to cryptococcus neoformans.this study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of a cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen, cryptococcin c184, for detecting delayed hypersensitivity in cryptococcus neoformans-injected animals. the antigen was tested on guinea pigs which had received saline or c. neoformans and on animals sensitized to histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, or sporothrix schenckii. a delayed-type hypersensitivity response was elicited by cryptococcin c184 in c. neoformans-inject ...19744593343
passive transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to blastomyces dermatitidis between mice.this study further characterized the delayed hypersensitivity state induced in animals by blastomyces dermatitidis exposure. passive transfer of delayed hypersensitivity by transfer of cells and inhibition of migration of peritoneal exudate cells were studied, using sensitized mice of two inbred strains. donor mice were subcutaneously inoculated with viable b. dermatitidis yeast cells. after 15 days, spleen cells or serum from these animals were injected intravenously into normal recipients of t ...19744426704
antigenic relationship between american and african isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis as determined by immunofluorescence.the antigenic relationship between american and african isolates of blastomyces dermatitidis was investigated through the use of the fluorescent antibody technique. preliminary results suggest that the american and african isolates studies are not antigenically identical. the american isolates share antigens with the african ones; however, it appears that they also possess distinct antigens. additional studies are necessary to confirm these findings and to draw any conclusion whether the african ...19744596385
histologic reactions to cell walls of an avirulent and a virulent strain of blastomyces dermatitidis. 19744810940
the uptake and incorporation of leucine and cystine by the mycelial and yeastlike phases of blastomyces dermatitidis. 19744444728
morphological conversion of blastomyces dermatitidis in tap-water.strains of b. dermatitidis not only survived but multiplied in sterile water from 2 separate locations in the usa. regardless of the growth phase at which the water was inoculated, the resultant growth phase that predominated was temperature-dependent. at 37 degrees c the organism grew primarily as a yeast; at room temperature, growth was mycelial. complex media may be unnecessary for converting this organism to the yeast phase, and water should be further investigated as a substrate, from both ...19744549493
effect of chitinase complex on the antigenicity and chemistry of yeast-form cell walls and other fractions of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. 19744604380
yeast- and mycelial-phase antigens of blastomyces dermatitidis: comparison using disc gel electrophoresis.the disc gel electrophoretic patterns obtained with skin test-active (mycelial and yeast) antigens of blastomyces dermatitidis were compared. as would be expected, the blastomycins (mycelial-phase) and the cytoplasmic ultrafiltrates (yeast-phase) were heterogeneous mixtures containing proteins, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, and carbohydrates. the skin test-active cytoplasmic ultrafiltrates and the blastomycins contained glycoproteins that had similar r(f) values which allows the possibility that ...19744135463
osteomyelitis caused by concurrent infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and blastomyces dermatitidis. 19744204542
a new hypothesis on the epidemiology of blastomycosis and the ecology of blastomyces dermatitidis. 19734516564
exogenous mycotic keratitis caused by blastomyces dermatitidis. 19734574747
role of delayed hypersensitivity in blastomycosis of mice.c57bl/6j mice rendered hypersensitive to blastomyces dermatitidis were protected from the lethal effects of a blastomyces infection. this protection was observed following a lethal intraperitoneal challenge with viable cells 15 days after subcutaneous inoculation with 3.9 x 10(4) viable cells. delayed hypersensitivity was induced in c57 mice by two injections of merthiolate-killed cells in adjuvant or by a single injection of viable cells. development of hypersensitivity was determined at approp ...19734713689
amphotericin pharmacophobia.five cases are described in which fear of the possibly hazardous effects of giving amphotericin to patients with kidney disease resulted in death from progressive infection by an amphotericin-sensitive fungus (cryptococcus neoformans in three cases, blastomyces dermatitidis in one case, and histoplasma capsulatum in one case).19734758449
ultrastructural studies on the cleistothecium of ajellomyces dermatitidis. 19734127194
ultrastructural comparison of coils and ascospores of emmonsiella capsulata and ajellomyces dermatitidis. 19734686217
blastomyces dermatitidis in cytologic preparations. 19734715963
soil streptomycetes and bacteria related to lysis of blastomyces dermatitidis. 19734765981
geographic distribution of "plus" and "minus" isolates of blastomyces (ajellomyces) dermatitidis in north america. 19734780929
cell wall composition of two strains of blastomyces dermatitidis exhibiting differences in virulence for mice.cell walls isolated from two strains of blastomyces dermatitidis were examined. whereas strain ga-1 was practically avirulent for mice, strain kl-1 produced death by 21 days in 50% of the mice inoculated. analyses of the trypsin-treated cell walls of the two strains revealed a higher chitin and protein content in strain kl-1, whereas a higher polysaccharide content was observed in the cell walls of strain ga-1. extraction of the walls with 1 n naoh revealed a threefold difference in the amount o ...19724636784
sexual stage of histoplasma capsulatum.twelve primary subcultures of histoplasma capsulatum, paired in all possible combinations on agar containing yeast extract and alphacel, produced fertile cleistothecia, resembling those of ajellomyces dermatitidis (blastomyces dermatitidis).19724651892
cerebellar abscess due to blastomyces dermatitidis.a case of cerebellar abscess due to blastomyces dermatitidis is reported and the literature of central nervous system blastomycosis is reviewed. the case is of interest for two reasons: 1. no obvious site of primary blastomycotic infection was found, despite an extensive search. 2. the focal blastomycotic involvement of the cns was not associated with meningitis. only two other such cases are explicitly reported in the literature.19724665097
deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of the yeastlike and mycelial phases of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis.the base composition in moles percent guanine plus cytosine (%gc) of both nuclear and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) isolated from the yeastlike and mycelial phases of the dimorphic fungal pathogens histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis was determined by techniques of thermal denaturation and cscl buoyant density gradient equilibrium centrifugation. the mean observed values for gc content of nuclear dna from h. capsulatum and b. dermatitidis were 47.3 and 48.2%, respecti ...19725053471
protein constituents of cell walls of the dimorphic phases of blastomyces dermatitidis. 19725022061
frequency of isolation of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis from dogs in kentucky. 19725058530
drug-induced alterations in the ultrastructural organization of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. 19724119289
composition of the alkali resistant cell wall material of dimorphic blastomyces dermatitidis. 19724557874
optimal combination and concentration of antibiotics in media for isolation of pathogenic fungi and nocardia asteroides.strains of blastomyces dermatitidis, sporothrix schenckii, histoplasma capsulatum, cryptococcus neoformans, nocardia asteroides, and coccidioides immitis were tested for in vitro susceptibility to polymyxin, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and neomycin at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mug/ml. polymyxin was the most inhibitory and gentamicin was the least inhibitory of the five antibiotics. two histoplasma mycelial strains were partially inhibited by 2 and 8 mug of gentamicin per m ...19714323185
optimal combination and concentration of antibiotics in media for isolation of pathogenic fungi and nocardia asteroides. 19714323647
toxicity of blastomyces dermatitidis. 19714331601
response of hamsters following intrathoracic infection with blastomyces dermatitidis. 19714101789
the readily extracted lipids of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis. 19715089693
monosaccharide and chitin content of cell walls of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis.cell walls of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis, obtained by mechanical breakage of yeast- and mycelial-phase cultures, were lipid-extracted and then fractionated with ethylenediamine. unextracted cell walls, lipid-extracted cell walls, and the three fractions resulting from ethylenediamine treatment were examined for monosaccharide and chitin content. the yeast-phase cell walls of five strains of h. capsulatum fell into two categories, designated chemotypes i and ii, one of wh ...19715095293
in vitro antifungal activity of clotrimazole (bay b 5097).the in vitro antifungal activity of clotrimazole (bay b 5097) was compared with those of amphotericin b, griseofulvin, nystatin, and pyrrolnitrin. the inhibitory activity of clotrimazole against most systemic pathogens was comparable to that of amphotericin b; minimal inhibitory concentrations of the two drugs for blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, sporothrix schenckii, cryptococcus neoformans, and coccidioides immitis were in the range of 0.20 to 3.13 and 0.10 to 6.25 mug/ml, res ...19714949484
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