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possibilities of the use of vinasses in the control of fungi phytopathogens.the purpose of this research was to study the biocide effect of three agroindustrial subproducts, concretely sugar beet, sugar cane and wine vinasse. results from in vitro testing determined that wine vinasse is what shows a 100% capacity to suppress fungal growth with concentrations between 5% and 7% for fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis race 0 and 1, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, pythium aphanidermatum and phytophthora parasitica and 10-15% for f. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum. on the other h ...200818519163
[screening, identification and antagonistic activity of a siderophore-producing bacteria g-229-21t from rhizosphere of tobacco].to screen antagonistic bacteria from rhizosphere of tobacco against phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (breda de hann) tucker and to analyze its antagonistic activity.200818652295
overexpression of a rice diacylglycerol kinase gene osbidk1 enhances disease resistance in transgenic tobacco.a rice diacylglycerol kinase (dgk) gene, osbidk1, which encodes a 499-amino acid protein, was cloned and characterized. osbidk1 contains a conserved dgk domain, consisting of a diacylglycerol kinase catalytic subdomain and a diacylglycerol kinase accessory subdomain. expression of osbidk1 in rice seedlings was induced by treatment with benzothiadiazole (bth), a chemical activator of the plant defense response, and by infection with magnaporthe grisea, causal agent of blast disease. in bth-treate ...200818679055
transgenic tobacco and peanut plants expressing a mustard defensin show resistance to fungal pathogens.defensins are small positively charged, antimicrobial peptides (approximately 5 kda in size) and some of them exhibit potent antifungal activity. we have cloned the complete cdna containing an orf of 243 bp of a defensin of mustard. the deduced amino acid sequence of the peptide showed more than 90% identity to the amino acid sequence of the well-characterized defensins, rsafp-1 and rsafp-2 of raphanus sativus. we have generated and characterized transgenic tobacco and peanut plants constitutive ...200818758784
ectopic expression of an annexin from brassica juncea confers tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress treatments in transgenic tobacco.plant annexins belong to a multigene family and are suggested to play a role in stress responses. a full-length cdna for a gene encoding an annexin protein was isolated and characterized from brassica juncea (annbj1). annbj1 message levels were regulated by abscisic acid, ethephon, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate as well as chemicals that induce osmotic stress (nacl, mannitol or peg), heavy metal stress (cdcl(2)) and oxidative stress (methyl viologen or h(2)o(2)). in order to determine if a ...200818768323
repetitive applications of the biocontrol agent pseudomonas putida 06909-rif/nal and effects on populations of phytophthora parasitica in citrus orchards.abstract pseudomonas putida 06909-rif/nal was applied repetitively during the irrigation season in two citrus orchards over 3 years. in a mature (50-yearold) commercial citrus orchard covering 2.02 ha, weekly applications of pseudomonas putida 06909-rif/nal with an in-field fermentor resulted in soil populations that fluctuated between 2.83 log cfu + 1 per g of soil and 4.35 log cfu + 1 per g of soil. resulting rhizosphere populations of phytophthora parasitica were significantly reduced in 1999 ...200218942963
nonphytotoxic aluminum-peat complexes suppress phytophthora parasitica.abstract amendment of peat-based potting media with al(2)(so(4))(3) suppresses damping-off of vinca (catharanthus roseus) caused by phytophthora parasitica. the species of aluminum (al) responsible for disease suppression have not been identified. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of amount and ph of al(2)(so(4))(3) amendment solutions on survival of p. parasitica. in separate experiments, peat was amended with al(2)(so(4))(3) solutions adjusted to ph 4 or 6 at either 0.01 ...200118943446
abiotic and biological suppression of phytophthora parasitica in a horticultural medium containing composted swine waste.abstract horticultural potting media have been amended with compost to enhance biological suppression and with al(2)(so(4))(3) to enhance abiotic suppression of plant pathogens, but these factors have not been simultaneously incorporated into the same medium. in this study, the efficacy of aluminum (al)-amended potting medium containing 20% composted swine waste (csw) was assessed for control of phytophthora parasitica (syn. p. nicotianae), a soilborne pathogen causing damping-off of many hortic ...200418943912
cytological characterization of elicitin-induced protection in tobacco plants infected by phytophthora parasitica or phytoplasma.abstract elicitins, small proteins secreted by phytophthora and pythium spp., display the ability to induce plant resistance toward pathogens. ultrastructural investigations of cryptogein-treated tobacco plants evidenced host defense responses such as (i) formation of a calcium pectate gel in intercellular spaces of parenchymas, (ii) impregnation of pectin by phenolic compounds in intercellular spaces of phloem bundles, and (iii) accumulation of phloem proteins (p proteins) in the lumen of leaf ...200318944331
differential sensitivity of phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae and thielaviopsis basicola to monomeric aluminum species.abstract aluminum (al) is toxic to many plant pathogens, including thielaviopsis basicola and phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. because fungi-toxicity of al has been described in soils over a wide ph range, multiple species of al may be responsible for pathogen suppression. the goals of this work were to determine the sensitivity of t. basicola and p. para-sitica var. nicotianae to al over a range of ph values, quantify the toxicity of monomeric al species to production of sporangia of p. ...200618944434
diversity of virulence in phytophthora parasitica on tobacco, as reflected by nuclear rflps.abstract a worldwide collection of p. parasitica isolates was investigated for the ability to infect tobacco and tomato, as related to elicitin production. elicitin was produced by all nontobacco isolates, and nonproducing strains all were isolated from tobacco. in addition, producing strains were isolated from tobacco and coexisted with nonproducing (te ) strains. elicitin production generally was associated with low virulence on tobacco and frequent pathogenicity on tomato, whereas te isolates ...199818944966
purification, elicitor activity, and cell wall localization of a glycoprotein from phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, a fungal pathogen of tobacco.abstract a glycoprotein of 34 kda (gp 34) was solubilized at acidic ph from the mycelium of phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae and was purified by ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. whole tobacco plants treated with gp 34 through their roots showed an enhanced lipoxygenase activity as well as hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein accumulation, indicating that this molecule had elicitor properties. an antiserum raised against the pure glycoprotein allowed localization of gp 34 by imm ...199718945060
calcium interference with zoospore biology and infectivity of phytophthora parasitica in nutrient irrigation solutions.abstract calcium, applied as either cacl2 or ca(no3)2 to water or calcium-free soluble fertilizer solution (peters 20-10-20 peat lite special), affected several important stages of phytophthora parasitica zoospore behavior relevant to infection and disease spread. release of zoospores from sporangia was suppressed by ca(2+) concentrations in the range of 10 to 50 meq. these concentrations also curtailed zoospore motility; 20 meq of ca(2+) in fertilizer solution caused all zoospores to encyst wit ...199718945107
engineered polyamine catabolism preinduces tolerance of tobacco to bacteria and oomycetes.polyamine oxidase (pao) catalyzes the oxidative catabolism of spermidine and spermine, generating hydrogen peroxide. in wild-type tobacco (nicotiana tabacum 'xanthi') plants, infection by the compatible pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci resulted in increased pao gene and corresponding pao enzyme activities; polyamine homeostasis was maintained by induction of the arginine decarboxylase pathway and spermine was excreted into the apoplast, where it was oxidized by the enhanced apoplastic pao ...200919218362
ectopic expression of a rice protein phosphatase 2c gene osbipp2c2 in tobacco improves disease resistance.protein phosphatase 2cs (pp2cs) have been demonstrated to play critical roles in regulation of plant growth/development, abscisic acid signaling pathway and adaptation to environmental stresses. here we report the cloning and molecular characterization of a novel rice protein phosphatase 2c gene, osbipp2c2 (oryza sativa l. bth-induced protein phosphatase 2c 2). osbipp2c2 has three alternatively spliced transcripts and the largest transcript osbipp2c2a encodes a 380 aa protein containing all 11 c ...200919381642
a common toxin fold mediates microbial attack and plant defense.many plant pathogens secrete toxins that enhance microbial virulence by killing host cells. usually, these toxins are produced by particular microbial taxa, such as bacteria or fungi. in contrast, many bacterial, fungal and oomycete species produce necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (nep1)-like proteins (nlps) that trigger leaf necrosis and immunity-associated responses in various plants. we have determined the crystal structure of an nlp from the phytopathogenic oomycete pythium aphanider ...200919520828
nadph oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production: subcellular localization and reassessment of its role in plant defense.chemiluminescence detection of reactive oxygen species (ros) triggered in tobacco by-2 cells by the fungal elicitor cryptogein was previously demonstrated to be abolished in cells transformed with an antisense construct of the plasma membrane nadph oxidase, ntrbohd. here, using electron microscopy, it has been confirmed that the first hydrogen peroxide production occurring a few minutes after challenge of tobacco cells with cryptogein is plasma membrane located and ntrbohd mediated. furthermore, ...200919522569
black shank resistant tobacco by silencing of glutathione s-transferase.a glutathione s-transferase gene was amplified from cdna of nicotiana tabacum roots infected with phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. the gene was cloned in sense and anti-sense orientation to an rnai vector for induced gene silencing, and reduced expression of the gene was detected by rt-pcr. a statistically significant increase in resistance of n. tabacum to infection following gene silencing was found for glutathione s-transferase-silenced plants compared with control plants. some defens ...200919577539
cloning, structural features, and expression analysis of resistance gene analogs in tobacco.using degenerate primers based on the conserved nucleotide binding site (nbs) and protein kinase domain (pkd), 100 resistance gene analogs (rgas) were isolated from tobacco variety nicotiana repanda. blastx search against the genbank database revealed that 27 belong to the nbs class and 73 belong to the protein kinase (pk) class. cluster analysis and multiple sequence alignment of the deduced protein sequences indicate that rgas of the nbs class can be divided into two groups: toll/interleukin r ...201019728156
cellular and molecular characterization of phytophthora parasitica appressorium-mediated penetration.data on plant pathogenic oomycetes are scarce and little is known about the early events leading to the onset of infection. the aim of this work was to analyze the penetration process of the soil-borne plant pathogen phytophthora parasitica, which has a wide host range. here, we performed a cytological analysis of the colonization of the first plant cell and developed an inoculation assay for characterizing the entire penetration process through cellular and molecular analyses. we showed that p. ...201019807870
the immediate activation of defense responses in arabidopsis roots is not sufficient to prevent phytophthora parasitica infection.summary: *the outcome of plant-microbe interactions is determined by a fine-tuned molecular interplay between the two partners. little is currently known about the molecular dialogue between plant roots and filamentous pathogens. we describe here a new pathosystem for the analysis of molecular mechanisms occurring during the establishment of a compatible interaction between arabidopsis thaliana roots and a root-infecting oomycete. *we performed cytological and genetic analyses of root infection ...201020456058
expression of the shpx2 peroxidase gene of stylosanthes humilis in transgenic tobacco leads to enhanced resistance to phytophthora parasitica pv. nicotianae and cercospora nicotianae.abstract previous research indicated that the constitutive expression of a pathogen-inducible peroxidase gene (shpx6a) from stylosanthes humilis in transgenic plants resulted in enhanced resistance to fungal pathogens ( kazan, k., goulter, k.c., way, h.m. and manners, j.m. (1998) expression of a pathogenesis-related peroxidase of stylosanthes humilis in transgenic tobacco and canola and its effect on disease development. plant sci. 136, 207-217). we have now investigated another pathogen-inducib ...200020572969
identification of a novel npr1-like gene from nicotiana glutinosa and its role in resistance to fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens.the npr1 or npr1-like genes play a pivotal role in systemic acquired resistance in plants. here, we isolated and identified a novel tobacco (nicotiana glutinosa) npr1-like gene (designated as ngnpr3). the full-length cdna is 2049 bp in length with a 1767 bp open reading frame which encodes a 588 amino acids protein with an estimated molecular mass of 66 kda and a calculated pi of 7.14. homology analysis suggested that the ngnpr3 protein shares significant similarity to atnpr3 of arabidopsis. tra ...201020653885
ntkti1, a kunitz trypsin inhibitor with antifungal activity from nicotiana tabacum, plays an important role in tobacco's defense response.a cdna library from tobacco inoculated with rhizoctonia solani was constructed, and several cdna fragments were identified by differential hybridization screening. one cdna clone that was dramatically repressed, ntkti1, was confirmed as a member of the kunitz plant proteinase inhibitor family. rt-pcr analysis revealed that ntkti1 was constitutively expressed throughout the whole plant and preferentially expressed in the roots and stems. furthermore, rt-pcr analysis showed that ntkti1 expression ...201020735473
infection of arabidopsis thaliana by phytophthora parasitica and identification of variation in host specificity.oomycete pathogens cause severe damage to a wide range of agriculturally important crops and natural ecosystems. they represent a unique group of plant pathogens that are evolutionarily distant from true fungi. in this study, we established a new plant-oomycete pathosystem in which the broad host range pathogen phytophthora parasitica was demonstrated to be capable of interacting compatibly with the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. water-soaked lesions developed on leaves within 3 days and nume ...201021199568
global gene expression of poncirus trifoliata, citrus sunki and their hybrids under infection of phytophthora parasitica.gummosis and root rot caused by phytophthora are among the most economically important diseases in citrus. four f1 resistant hybrids (pool r), and four f1 susceptible hybrids (pool s) to p. parasitica, were selected from a cross between susceptible citrus sunki and resistant poncirus trifoliata cv. rubidoux. we investigated gene expression in pools of four resistant and four susceptible hybrids in comparison with their parents 48 hours after p. parasitica inoculation. we proposed that genes diff ...201121241495
synthesis and anti-fungal activity of seven oleanolic acid glycosides.in order to develop potential anti-fungal agents, seven glycoconjugates composed of a-l-rhamnose, 6-deoxy-a-l-talose, ß-d-galactose, a-d-mannose, ß-d-xylose-(1?4)-6-deoxy-a-l-talose, ß-d-galactose-(1?4)-a-l-rhamnose, ß-d-galactose-(1?3)-ß-d-xylose-(1?4)-6-deoxy-a-l-talose as the glycone and oleanolic acid as the aglycone were synthesized in an efficient and practical way using glycosyl trichloroacetimidates as donors. the structures of the new compounds were confirmed by ms, ¹h-nmr and ¹³c-nmr.p ...201121270731
elicitin-membrane interaction is driven by a positive charge on the protein surface: role of lys13 residue in lipids loading and resistance induction.elicitins are family of small proteins secreted by species of the pathogenic fungus phytophthora inducing a defence reaction in plants. they contain a hydrophobic cavity capable of binding sterols and fatty acids, and on the basis of their pi they are classified as either a-elicitins or more necrotising ß-elicitins. the residue lys13 was previously identified as a key determinant of the necrotising activity of basic elicitins. in the present study we describe changes in the ability of cryptogein ...201121296584
differential gene expression in arachis diogoi upon interaction with peanut late leaf spot pathogen, phaeoisariopsis personata and characterization of a pathogen induced cyclophilin.the wild relatives of peanut are resistant to various economically important diseases including late leaf spot (lls) caused by phaeoisariopsis personata, compared with the susceptible cultivated peanut (arachis hypogaea l.). the interaction of the late leaf spot pathogen, phaeoisariopsis personata and the highly resistant, diploid peanut wild species, arachis diogoi was analyzed at the molecular level by differential gene expression studies. genes up-regulated with in 48 h of pathogen challenge ...201121298396
a novel screening method of cellulase-producing bacteria.cellulase is the key to utilize the renewable and abundant cellulose resource, cellulase-producing microorganism is an important source of cellulase. the traditional screening method of cellulase-producing microorganism is low efficacy and not macroscopic. the screening method in this study was based on the interactive culture character between cellulase-producing bacteria and phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae on plates, the results indicated that the inhibition zone and cellulase activity ...201121438471
revealing complexity and specificity in the activation of lipase-mediated oxylipin biosynthesis: a specific role of the nicotiana attenuata gla1 lipase in the activation of ja biosynthesis in leaves and roots.the identity and number of the lipases involved in the activation of oxylipin biosynthesis remain controversial. in this study we demonstrate that nagla1 in nicotiana attenuata is a specific supplier of trienoic fatty acids for ja biosynthesis in leaves and roots after wounding and simulated herbivory and that it utilizes multiple glycerolipid substrates as a source of trienoic fatty acids. alternative functions for nagla1 were revealed by the analysis of the regulation of nades1 and nalox1 gene ...201121554327
ecosystem screening approach for pathogen-associated microorganisms affecting host disease.the microbial community in which a pathogen evolves is fundamental to disease outcome. species interacting with a pathogen on the host surface shape the distribution, density, and genetic diversity of the inoculum, but the role of these species is rarely determined. the screening method developed here can be used to characterize pathogen-associated species affecting disease. this strategy involves three steps: (i) constitution of the microbial community, using the pathogen as a trap; (ii) commun ...201121742919
expression and purification of a biologically active phytophthora parasitica cellulose binding elicitor lectin in pichia pastoris.the phytophthora parasitica cellulose-binding elicitor lectin, (cbel), is a cell wall-localized protein playing a key role in cell wall organization and adhesion of the mycelium to cellulosic substrates. cbel is a potent elicitor of plant immune responses and this activity is linked to its ability to bind plant cell wall components. in order to scale up the production of active cbel, we reported here the cloning and expression of a his-tagged version of cbel in the yeast pichia pastoris. selecti ...201121820056
A Rapid Microbioassay for Discovery of Antagonistic Bacteria for Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae.A simple, rapid, small-scale microbioassay for infection of tobacco seedlings by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae was developed here. This assay uses tobacco seedlings cultivated in Petri dishes for a standardized method for quantitation of initial zoospore inocula and high-throughput screening of antagonistic bacteria. Zoospore inocula between 102 to 105 spores per Petri dish were inoculated on 14-day-old tobacco seedlings for the susceptibility test. One thousand zoospores' treatment wa ...201122046969
Production of dsRNA Sequences in the Host Plant Is Not Sufficient to Initiate Gene Silencing in the Colonizing Oomycete Pathogen Phytophthora parasitica.Species of the oomycete genus Phytophthora are destructive pathogens, causing extensive losses in agricultural crops and natural ecosystems. A potential disease control approach is the application of RNA silencing technology which has proven to be effective in improving plant resistance against a wide range of pests including parasitic plants, nematodes, insects and fungi. In this study, we tested the potential application of RNA silencing in improving plant disease resistance against oomycete p ...201122140518
a gene for plant protection: expression of a bean polygalacturonase inhibitor in tobacco confers a strong resistance against rhizoctonia solani and two oomycetes.we have tested whether a gene encoding a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) protects tobacco against a fungal pathogen (rhizoctonia solani) and two oomycetes (phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae and peronospora hyoscyami f. sp. tabacina). the trials were performed in greenhouse conditions for r. solani and p. parasitica and in the field for p. hyoscyami. our results show that expression of pgip is a powerful way of engineering a broad-spectrum disease resistance.201223264779
in vitro selection of calli of citrus jambhiri lush. for tolerance to culture filtrate of phytophthora parasitica and their regeneration.the present study deals with the selection of phytophthora tolerant lines of citrus jambhiri and their regeneration. cotyledon derived calli were cultured on selective ms medium supplemented with 5-100 % of culture filtrate (cf), to estimate the critical concentration of the selective agent. the survived calli under stress were subcultured for mass propagation for 20 days on callus multiplication medium (2,4-d 2 mg/l + ba 0.75 mg/l) without culture filtrate. after multiplication, these calli wer ...201123572994
Displaying items 101 - 137 of 137