| changes in the spectrum of aids-defining conditions and decrease in cd4+ lymphocyte counts at aids manifestation in germany from 1986 to 1991. | analysis of changes in the spectrum of aids-defining conditions and their correlation with cd4+ lymphocyte counts in different risk groups associated with hiv transmission. | 1992 | 1352106 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection complicating cytotoxic therapy in two patients with lymphopenia, but a normal total white cell count. | | 1992 | 1346096 |
| drug interactions in use of dapsone for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. | | 1992 | 1347616 |
| seasonal variation in presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1347618 |
| cd4 lymphocyte decline and survival in human immunodeficiency virus infection. the military medical consortium for applied retroviral research. | the loss of the cd4 lymphocyte is the central pathophysiologic event in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. this retrospective study, based on review of data from deceased hiv patients followed in a single hiv clinic, was conducted to determine if the rate of cd4 lymphocyte decline was predictive of survival. forty of 172 patients met defined criteria for inclusion in this study. for each patient, cd4-cell counts showed approximate exponential decline over time. a co ... | 1992 | 1362886 |
| pneumocystis carinii and specific fungi have a common epitope, identified by a monoclonal antibody. | because pneumocystis carinii may be related to fungi, we evaluated the reactivities of monoclonal antibodies raised against p. carinii with a variety of fungi. fifty-two fungi and six protozoa were evaluated by immunofluorescence. one of three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) tested (mab 7d7) reacted with 15 fungi but no protozoa. saccharomyces cerevisiae showed the strongest reactivity by immunofluorescence. the reactive antigen was characterized for four fungi by the immunoblot technique. in all c ... | 1992 | 1371519 |
| t-lymphocyte responses to pneumocystis carinii in healthy and hiv-positive individuals. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a well-recognized cause of morbidity in patients with impaired t-cell function. in this study of cellular immunity to p. carinii, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 25 hiv antibody-positive (hiv+) patients and 11 healthy individuals were stimulated in vitro with p. carinii antigen. the responding t-cell blasts were cocultured with autologous p. carinii antigen-pulsed macrophages to measure p. carinii-specific cytolytic t-lymphocyte activity (ctl). t-c ... | 1992 | 1372354 |
| pneumocystis carinii in corticosteroid-treated voles: a comparison of three different staining methods. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) is an opportunistic pathogen which causes clinical disease in immunocompromised hosts. three different staining protocols were employed to detect this organism in lung samples of corticosteroid treated voles in order to discover a suitable method for large-scale screening. the procedures employed were: grocotts methenamine silver (gms)-stained paraffin sections, toluidine blue o-stained impression smears, and methenamine-silver-stained frozen sections. gms-stained paraf ... | 1992 | 1372372 |
| a search for pneumocystis carinii in post-mortem lungs by dna amplification. | dna amplification of specific sequences and subsequent oligonucleotide hybridization were used to search for pneumocystis carinii in post-mortem lung samplings from non-immunosuppressed individuals ranging from 15 to 70 years of age. no p. carinii-specific dna was detected in 45 dna amplification reactions from 15 lungs. | 1992 | 1373186 |
| correlation of morphologic diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii with the presence of pneumocystis dna amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. | we compared the presence of p. carinii in clinical specimens as detected by standard cytomorphologic techniques with amplification of p. carinii-specific dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). results correlated in 33 of 37 instances (89%): nine specimens were positive by both pcr and morphology; 24 specimens were negative by both techniques. two specimens from one patient were obtained 3 days apart. the first specimen was both cytologically and pcr negative, while the second specimen was b ... | 1992 | 1374186 |
| improved diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection by polymerase chain reaction on induced sputum and blood. | detection of pneumocystis carinii by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) may facilitate non-invasive diagnosis of p carinii pneumonia and study of its epidemiology. we have compared the sensitivity and specificity of two pcr methods with those of conventional staining for detection of p carinii in induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal), and blood. of 71 sputum samples, 17 were from patients with microbiologically confirmed p carinii pneumonia. a nested pcr method correctly identified ... | 1992 | 1353136 |
| [pneumocystis carinii infection. two cases responsible for maternal death during pregnancy]. | | 1992 | 1386444 |
| [the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by pentamidine inhalation]. | 167 hiv-positive patients (155 men, 12 women; mean age 31 [18-61] years) with cd4 lymphocyte counts below 250/microliter every 4 weeks received 300 mg pentamidine per aerosol inhalation during out-patient visits, as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii. 89 patients were clinically in the aids stage and 33 in the aids-related complex (arc) stage. 29 patients had a lymphadenopathy syndrome, while 16 were asymptomatic. 130 patients received primary prophylaxis, while 37 who had previously had a ... | 1992 | 1353721 |
| hematuria associated with pentamidine therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1388884 |
| patient tolerance of nebulized pentamidine or cotrimoxazole as secondary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1388897 |
| efficacy and effects on pulmonary function tests of weekly 600 mg aerosol pentamidine as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a prospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and effects on pulmonary function tests of weekly 600 mg aerosolised pentamidine as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) amongst two groups of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. group 1 (primary prophylaxis) consisted of patients with either diseases indicative of aids other than pcp or whose absolute cd4 positive lymphocyte count was below 200/mm3, and group 2 (secondary prophylaxis) comprised pa ... | 1992 | 1353750 |
| both immunity and hyperresponsiveness to pneumocystis carinii result from transfer of cd4+ but not cd8+ t cells into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. | the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii (pc) is considered to be the leading cause of morbidity in patients with aids. it is important, therefore, to determine the immunological mechanisms of resistance to pc. we have taken advantage of the lack of both t and b lymphocytes in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice to determine the critical factors in resistance to spontaneously acquired pc pneumonia. using adoptive transfer of unfractionated or fractionated lymphocyte subsets or hy ... | 1992 | 1353767 |
| resolution of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in cd4+ lymphocyte-depleted mice given aerosols of heat-treated escherichia coli. | mice were thymectomized and depleted of cd4+ lymphocytes by treatment with monoclonal antibody to induce pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia (pcp). these mice were then exposed to aerosols of heat-treated escherichia coli three times a week. aerosol treatment for 10 d caused a slight reduction in numbers of pc nuclei in the lungs of mice, and treatment for 22 d resulted in nearly complete resolution of pcp. large numbers of macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and lymphocytes accumulated i ... | 1992 | 1355103 |
| dysfunction of natural killer cells in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with or without pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children with normal t-cell numbers is contrary to previous experience with hiv-infected adults, in whom low cd4+ t-cell numbers predict susceptibility to pcp. to determine whether pcp in hiv-infected children reflects a qualitative t-cell or other immune defect, we studied four hiv-infected children who also had pcp and 10 others without pcp for t-cell and natural killer (nk) cell function. mo ... | 1992 | 1353523 |
| failure of low-dose dapsone-pyrimethamine in primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1356193 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: a clinical approach comparing aerosolized pentamidine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and toxoplasmic encephalitis (te) was analyzed in 83 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients who inhaled aerosolized pentamidine (ap) either for primary prophylaxis (group ia) or secondary prophylaxis (group iia) of pcp. these cohorts were compared with two historical groups of patients who took fansidar (pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine) for primary prophylaxis (group ib) or secondary prophylaxis (group iib) of pcp. the follow-up was 3 ... | 1992 | 1356529 |
| prospective evaluation of a prognostic score for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and percentage of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage correlate most strongly with early mortality in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients. however, the individual outcome can not be predicted by these parameters due to a considerable overlap between survivors and nonsurvivors. we prospectively investigated a pcp severity score, which has been developed earlier based on a retrospective analysis. sev ... | 1992 | 1395741 |
| molluscum contagiosum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. a review of twenty-seven patients. | molluscum contagiosum (mc) is a common and at times severely disfiguring cutaneous viral infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1992 | 1357010 |
| aids: part ii. | great strides have been made in the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. currently approved drugs include zidovudine and didanosine. a third drug, dideoxycytidine (zalcitibine), has recently been filed for approval with the food and drug administration. all these drugs work through inhibition of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. zidovudine is the only drug that has shown clinical efficacy against hiv. treatment of patients with advanced hiv disease (i.e., acquired immune defi ... | 1992 | 1396036 |
| protozoan infections and hiv-1 infection: a review. | reactivation of latent infection is the principal mechanism relating toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii to hiv. less common is reactivation in leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi, and microsporidian infections. an impaired primary immune response occurs in all these infections, and also with cryptosporidium and isospora belli. association of hiv infection with gut parasites including giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica, and also with trichomonas vaginalis infection is likely to ... | 1992 | 1396192 |
| is pneumocystis carinii a deep mycosis-like agent? | pneumocystis carinii is a widespread eukaryotic microorganism found in the lungs of healthy mammals, including humans. it is able to proliferate extensively in the alveoli, becoming an important agent of severe pneumonitis in immunosuppressed hosts, especially in persons suffering from aids. the taxonomic position of p. carinii is uncertain. typical cytoplasmic organelles of eukaryotic cells have been found and described in the parasite. biochemical research is hindered by the lack of an efficie ... | 1992 | 1397210 |
| cd4+ cells and cd4+ percent as risk markers for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp): implications for primary pcp prophylaxis. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) during 2 years in hiv-infected patients with less than or equal to 100 x 10(6)/l cd4+ cells, less than or equal to 200 x 10(6)/l cd4+ cells and less than 20% cd4+ cells of total t lymphocytes were compared. the relative pcp risk in 57 patients with less than or equal to 100 cd4+ cells was more than twice higher than in 120 patients with less than or equal to 200 cd4+ cells. the latter had almost twice higher relative pcp risk than 271 patient ... | 1992 | 1353633 |
| murine pneumocystis carinii adherence to vertical monolayers of cultured mink lung cells (micl1). | we describe a method for adherence and culture of murine pneumocystis carinii in mink lung cells (micl1) grown on vertical supports. the vertical cultures were infected with p. carinii; the surrounding medium and inoculum were stirred to ensure circulation and contact with micl1 cells. when compared with conventional horizontal culture, the vertical method offers a more suitable system for assessing p. carinii adherence. this approach has proved suitable for quantitative evaluation of p. carinii ... | 1992 | 1401017 |
| long-term symptomless hiv-1 infection in recipients of blood products from a single donor. | there have been reported cases of long-term symptomless human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection, but it is not clear whether the benign course of infection was due to host, viral, or other unknown factors. during follow-up of subjects with transfusion-acquired hiv-1 infection in new south wales, australia, we identified a group of 6 subjects who had been infected through a single common donor. we were therefore able to study the contributions of various factors to the course of inf ... | 1992 | 1357294 |
| co-trimoxazole versus dapsone-pyrimethamine for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1357487 |
| survival and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women after an index delivery. | our objective was to provide information on survival and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive pregnant women undergoing prospective evaluation. | 1992 | 1359787 |
| update on drug therapy for hiv and related infections in adults. | antiretroviral therapy with zidovudine is indicated in patients with cd4 cell counts below 500 per mm3 (500 x 10(6) per l). patients intolerant of zidovudine and those with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection may benefit from newer antiretroviral agents, such as didanosine (ddl) or zalcitabine (ddc). prophylactic therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is indicated in patients with cd4 cell counts below 200 per mm3 (200 x 10(6) per l), in patients with cd4 cell counts less than 20 ... | 1992 | 1360766 |
| salmonella, campylobacter and shigella in hiv-seropositive patients. | to study the incidence, clinical features, treatment and outcome of patients with salmonella, shigella or campylobacter infection. | 1992 | 1362879 |
| [detection of pneumocystis carinii with dna amplification]. | | 1992 | 1404937 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in hiv-1-infected individuals: a common opportunistic infection in spain? | to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and biological features of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in patients with hiv-1 infection. | 1992 | 1362880 |
| interstitial pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | interstitial pneumonia unrelated to pneumocystis carinii or other infections was observed histopathologically in 5 of 25 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the predominant lesion was lymphocytic infiltration of interalveolar septa and hyperplasia of peribronchial and perivascular lymphoid tissue. immunohistochemical staining using a panel of antibodies against human t and b lymphocytes, macrophages, and immunoglobulins showed that peribronchial aggregates and inter ... | 1992 | 1378892 |
| a case of cavitating pneumonia in aids. | tuberculosis is a common cause of cavitating pneumonia in singapore. in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), cavitary pneumonias mimicking tuberculosis can mislead the clinician, delaying diagnosis, resulting in increased morbidity. we describe a hiv seropositive patient with cavitating pneumonia in whom the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was ultimately established only on bronchoscopy. | 1992 | 1411678 |
| didanosine. a review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | didanosine is a dideoxynucleoside analogue which undergoes intracellular conversion to the putative active triphosphate metabolite. the active metabolite appears to inhibit viral reverse transcriptase and terminate the proviral dna, and produces virustatic inhibition of actively replicating human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) at clinically relevant concentrations. in phase i studies didanosine had beneficial effects on various surrogate markers of clinical efficacy and also improved clinical mani ... | 1992 | 1379914 |
| chronic pneumocystis carinii infection of the liver. a case report and review of the literature. | pneumocystis carinii infection of the liver is being reported with increasing frequency in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the clinical picture typically resembles hepatitis. we report such an occurrence in a patient with persistent elevation of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with relatively normal transaminases who was found to have p. carinii on antemortem liver biopsy. the differential diagnosis of abnormal alkaline phosphatase and gamma-gluta ... | 1992 | 1380020 |
| comparison of dna amplification and immunofluorescence for detecting pneumocystis carinii in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. | two studies were performed to compare the sensitivity of dna amplification with immunofluorescence for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in asymptomatic normal and immunosuppressed subjects receiving no anti-pneumocystis chemoprophylaxis. in the first study, immunofluorescence and silver stains were used to examine 12 induced sputa and 12 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 24 normal control subjects; induced sputa from 20 renal transplant recipients; and induced sputa from 11 patients wit ... | 1992 | 1384181 |
| [parasitic diseases in patients with impaired immune response. clinical picture and diagnosis]. | patients with impaired immune system are frequently infected with various parasitic diseases. the clinical picture is characterized by unusual manifestations and frequently severe recurrences of infections which are not normally serious. some almost parasitic microorganisms produce symptoms exclusively in patients with impaired immune system. parasitic infections have become increasingly common with the increasing number of patients who live for prolonged periods with impaired immune systems, of ... | 1992 | 1413170 |
| [successful treatment of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with dapsone plus trimethoprim]. | standard treatments of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) consist of high dose intravenous or oral cotrimoxazole or intravenous pentamidine. both treatment modalities are associated with a high incidence of side effects which strengthen the need for alternative therapies. since april 1987 we have used the combination of dapsone plus trimethoprim (dp+tmp) as primary treatment for pcp in patients who could be managed on an outpatient basis. we report the results of an analysis of ... | 1992 | 1413818 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users: a model for primary care. | intravenous drug users (ivdus) often encounter barriers to primary care. to improve access, we developed a primary care clinic--central medical unit (cmu)--for substance abusers in drug treatment. we report outcomes for services offered to ivdus with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1992 | 1415300 |
| causes of death in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was reported to be the predominant cause of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related deaths prior to 1988, the year that effective prophylaxis against pcp entered routine use. our study was performed to study the causes of hiv-related death since january 1988 in a region where patient tracking is virtually complete. | 1992 | 1415301 |
| [study on the therapeutic effects of interferon and gamma-globulin in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | this study was performed to observe the therapeutic effects of interferon-gamma(ifn-gamma) and gamma-globulin(gamma-globulin) in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia of immune suppressed mice. after 9 weeks, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(tmp-smz; 10-50 mg/mouse/day), mouse ifn-gamma(5 x 10(4) units/mouse/day) and mouse gamma-globulin(20 mg/mouse/day) were administered to the mice for 3 weeks by the experimental group. the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by body weights, histopathologic ... | 1992 | 1384689 |
| laboratory investigation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1385296 |
| interleukin 1: an important mediator of host resistance against pneumocystis carinii. | the importance of endogenous interleukin 1 (il-1) in resistance to pneumocystis carinii infection was examined in a scid mouse model. naturally acquired pulmonary infection of p. carinii in scid mice was completely cleared by reconstitution of the infected mice with immunocompetent spleen cells. il-1 activity in the lung homogenate supernatant of these mice increased significantly after reconstitution and returned to baseline level after the clearance of p. carinii. treatment of reconstituted sc ... | 1992 | 1387414 |
| survival time after aids in pregnancy. | to examine the suggestion, based on theoretical considerations and case reports, that pregnancy decreases survival time after aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). | 1992 | 1390466 |
| [pneumocystis carinii today--40 years later]. | forty years ago czech scientists, j. vanĕk and o. jírovec, diagnosed pneumocystis carinii as the agent of interstitial plasmocytic pneumonia in weak infants. at present it is the most frequent pulmonary pathogenic organism in patients suffering from aids. in the submitted paper the author summarizes experience and recent findings on the aetiopathogenesis, pathology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia. | 1992 | 1394372 |
| [pneumocystis carinii infection after kidney transplantation]. | the authors demonstrate on the example of two patients after transplantation of the kidney with pneumocystis pneumonia their experience with this disease. predisposing factors include prolonged immunosuppression, protein and energy malnutrition, chronic inflammations and large doses of methylprednisolone. in the clinical picture dominated acute dyspnoea with hypoxaemia and non-productive cough. in one patient the x-ray picture was quite atypical. the prognosis of the disease is poor, both patien ... | 1992 | 1394374 |
| sensitization of rat alveolar macrophages to enhanced tnf-alpha release by in vivo treatment with dexamethasone. | treatment of rats with dexamethasone rapidly induced a marked weight loss which occurred within 3 days and persisted for several weeks. the cachectic state was paralleled by increased serum levels of triglycerides, albumin, and protein and a strong reduction of blood mononuclear leukocytes. in lung sections, an increased number of mononuclear giant cells was found but no bacteria, fungi, or pneumocystis carinii organisms. quite strikingly, alveolar macrophages from dexamethasone-treated rats, bu ... | 1992 | 1394443 |
| tension pneumomediastinum complicating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1992 | 1395675 |
| changes in hospital admissions pattern in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was the leading cause of hospital admissions in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection before the widespread use of pcp prophylaxis. we studied retrospectively the changes in annual hospital admission patterns after the start of a population-based pcp prophylaxis program in toronto. the purpose of the study was to identify the cogent diseases requiring hospitalization of hiv patients in the current era of pcp prophylaxis. this information ... | 1992 | 1395739 |
| adjuvant corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | to review published abstracts, case reports, and journal articles and evaluate data examining the use of systemic corticosteroids as adjuvant treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. | 1992 | 1421680 |
| analysis of induced sputum for the diagnosis of recurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we studied the sensitivity of isa for diagnosis of second-episode pcp in aids patients. we induced sputum in 218 patients who had known or suspected aids and who had a presentation suggestive of pcp. all patients with negative sputum smear for pcp underwent bal. twenty-five patients were identified who had second-episode pcp at least 30 days after initial diagnosis. chest roentgenographic infiltrate patterns for these 25 patients were blindly scored as normal, diffuse, upper lobe or focal non-up ... | 1992 | 1395759 |
| characterization of the rrna-encoding genes and transcripts, and a group-i self-splicing intron in pneumocystis carinii. | although pneumocystis carinii is the most common opportunistic pathogen infecting individuals with aids, very little is known of the basic biology of the organism. we have examined the ribosomal rna (rrna) and the dna encoding it (rdna) in p. carinii in an attempt to clarify its taxonomic position and to begin to study its genetic processes. electrophoretic analysis showed that the sizes of the p. carinii rrnas are quite similar to the sizes of the corresponding rrnas from saccharomyces cerevisi ... | 1992 | 1398096 |
| high pentamidine levels associated with hypoglycemia and azotemia in a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we report on a patient who presented with a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. intravenous pentamidine (4 mg/kg/day) was given for 14 days without the occurrence of adverse effects. during this treatment, the mean (+/- sd) serum pentamidine trough concentration was 94 +/- 16 ng/ml. three days later, the patient was admitted because of fever, and pentamidine (4 mg/kg/day) was again started. fasting hypoglycemia and azotemia then occurred; the mean serum trough pentamidine level was 190 +/- 10 ng/ml ... | 1992 | 1424505 |
| toxoplasma pneumonitis: fatal presentation of disseminated toxoplasmosis in a patient with aids. | toxoplasma gondii infection is an uncommon cause of pneumonitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). we report a case of fatal pulmonary toxoplasmosis, which clinically resembled pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). conventional diagnostic methods for toxoplasmosis lack sensitivity. bronchoscopy and histological evaluation of transbronchial biopsy specimens failed to identify the infecting organism. at autopsy there was evidence of disseminated infection. | 1992 | 1426192 |
| asymptomatic subjects at hiv diagnosis have prolonged survival as aids patients. | the median aids survival for all aids patients was estimated as 11 months (95% confidence interval (cl): 8-13 months). for the group of aids patients who were asymptomatic when hiv seropositivity was established, the median aids survival was 20 months (95% cl: 13-23 months). for the group with symptomatic hiv infection or those who already had aids when hiv seropositivity was established, survival was estimated to 5 months (95% cl: 1-15 months) and 4.5 months (95% cl: 2-8 months), respectively. ... | 1992 | 1428497 |
| pcp presenting as cavitary pneumonia: a case report. | as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia cases increase, physicians must consider the various atypical radiographic presentations of the disease. the following case report illustrates one atypical presentation and the dramatic response to treatment. | 1992 | 1401889 |
| strategies for prevention of infection after cardiac transplantation. | infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation. most infections occur during the first few months after transplantation. although late infection does occur, the risk of infection during maintenance immunosuppression is low in the absence of recurrent rejection that necessitates augmentation of suppression of the immune response. before cardiac transplantation, the risk factors for infectious disease in potential candidates should be assessed. a detailed ... | 1992 | 1434904 |
| expression and characterization of a cdna clone encoding an immunodominant surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | most studies of antigens of pneumocystis carinii have focused on an abundant, immunogenic 95- to 140-kda surface glycoprotein referred to as gpa. expression cloning of gpa from p. carinii obtained from ferrets resulted in isolation of colinear fragments of gpa cdna encoding approximately 87 kda of the core protein. northern hybridization detected an abundant, single species of gpa-specific mrna of 3600 nucleotides. southern hybridization revealed gpa-specific bands only in p. carinii-infected lu ... | 1992 | 1402023 |
| monoclonal antibody to pneumocystis carinii. comparison with silver stain in bronchial lavage specimens. | monoclonal 3f6 anti-pneumocystis carinii antibody (mab-3f6) was used to stain cell blocks from 164 bronchial lavage specimens from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related complex and compared with slides stained with grocott's modification of the gomori methenamine silver stain. pneumocystis organisms were present in 83 of 164 cases using mab-3f6 stain, whereas grocott's modified silver stain demonstrated pneumocystis organisms in 48. mab-3f6 demonstrated pn ... | 1992 | 1374213 |
| [calcofluor-white staining in the identification of pneumocystis carinii]. | calcofluor white stain is widely used as a fluorescent stain in mycology. recently, it was found that by calcofluor white staining pneumocystis carinii cysts exert a highly characteristic staining pattern. we retested fifteen clinical specimens which were known to be positive for pneumocystis carinii (diagnosis made by a methenamine silver stain). calcofluor white stain proved to be a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method for detecting pneumocystis carinii in clinical specimens. | 1992 | 1374561 |
| improved intracellular morphology of pneumocystis carinii from rat lung by postfixation with a mixture of potassium ferrocyanide and osmium tetroxide. | pneumocystis carinii infected rat lungs were postfixed with a mixture of oso4 and k4fe(cn)6. a marked improvement in staining of cell membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membranes and glycogen was observed. these improvements were seen in both the trophic and cystic forms of the organisms. the addition of k4fe(cn)6 did not improve the staining of cell walls, microtubules or ribosomes. trophozoites were seen attached to both type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes by filopodia and/or intercalation of ... | 1992 | 1377505 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among patients with neoplastic disease. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) emerged in the 1980s as the most common opportunistic infection among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). because of this, the presentation and clinical course of pcp has become well-known to many physicians. however, pcp continues to occur among patients not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, generally those who receive immunosuppressive therapy as treatment for neoplastic disease. a review from memorial sloan-kettering ... | 1992 | 1439321 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--not only in aids]. | two patients with haematologic malignancies developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia while under outpatient treatment, one on busulphan for chronic myelogen leukemia, and the other on prednisone plus chlorambucil for non-hodgkin's lymphoma. the first patient was moderately ill and required hospitalization for 12 days while the second patient was critically ill and needed assisted ventilation for two weeks. eventually they both recovered and returned to work. tests for serum antibodies to the hum ... | 1992 | 1412321 |
| primaquine-induced methemoglobinemia during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1992 | 1406874 |
| pentamidine isethionate is negative in tests for microbial mutagenicity and chromosomal breakage in vitro. | pentamidine isethionate, a drug used for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients, was assayed for mutagenicity in five strains of salmonella typhimurium and for clastogenicity and mutagen-induced chromosomal breakage in five human lymphoblastoid cell lines. the mutagenicity assay employed both repair-deficient and repair-positive strains without and with the addition of rat liver s-9. there was no indication of a mutagenic response in any of the strains of salmonella. ch ... | 1992 | 1412524 |
| the spectrum of pneumocystis carinii infection after liver transplantation in children. | we report the experience with pneumocystis carinii lung infections in the 109 children undergoing liver transplantation at our hospital between august, 1985 and may, 1989. pcp developed in 9 of the 86 patients (10%) surviving > or = 6 weeks after transplantation and not receiving p carinii chemoprophylaxis. of the 59 patients undergoing bal 2 or more weeks after transplantation there were 16 specimens from 14 patients (24%) positive for p carinii. these patients had a spectrum of illness ranging ... | 1992 | 1412753 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by multiple lobe, site-directed bronchoalveolar lavage with immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody staining in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine chemoprophylaxis. | the yields of both induced sputum examination and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) have been reported to be decreased for breakthrough episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine chemoprophylaxis. this study assessed whether the yield of a single middle or lower lobe bal could be increased by the utilization of two techniques: (1) indirect immunofluorescent staining with a combination of two murine monoclonal anti-pne ... | 1992 | 1416407 |
| effect of aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis on the clinical severity and diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to determine if the use of aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis decreases the clinical severity or the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), we conducted a retrospective matched cohort comparison study of patients admitted to san francisco general hospital with pcp from august 1, 1989, to june 30, 1990. patients who had received pentamidine prophylaxis during at least the 2 months prior to the diagnosis of pcp were matched with patients who had not received the ... | 1992 | 1416408 |
| diagnostic value of hemosiderin-containing macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage. | our objective was to determine if the hemosiderin content of bal macrophages allows us to draw any differential diagnostic conclusions in a variety of lung diseases. | 1992 | 1446490 |
| multisystem organ failure predicts mortality of icu patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to aids-related pcp. | to evaluate the ability of a variety of scoring systems to predict mortality of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (icu) with acute respiratory failure (arf) secondary to aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1992 | 1446496 |
| activities of antifolate, antiviral, and other drugs in an immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the efficacy of antifolate, antiviral, and other drugs was compared in an experimental model of pneumocystosis. sulfamethoxazole (smx) administered alone in doses of greater than or equal to 60 mg/kg/day was highly effective in treatment and prophylaxis. low (less than or equal to 15 mg/kg/day) doses of smx showed limited, dose-related anti-pneumocystis carinii activity in therapy but were more effective in prophylaxis. the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors trimethoprim (tmp), pyrimetham ... | 1992 | 1416884 |
| treatment of experimental pneumocystosis: review of 7 years of experience and development of a new system for classifying antimicrobial drugs. | over a 7-year period, we analyzed 261 dose regimens of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an immunosuppressed rat model. these compounds ranged from drugs in clinical use to newly synthesized agents. drug efficacy was expressed as the magnitude of the reduction in median p. carinii cyst or nucleus counts on a scale ranging from inactive (less than 5-fold) to very markedly active (greater than or equal to 1,000-fold). the classification system ... | 1992 | 1416885 |
| antipneumocystis activity of water-soluble lipopeptide l-693,989 in rats. | water-soluble lipopeptide l-693,989 was evaluated for its antipneumocystis activity in rats. rats from colonies with latent pneumocystis carinii infections were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone for 6 weeks to facilitate the development of acute p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). after 6 weeks, the rats were maintained on dexamethasone and were treated twice daily for 4 days with various concentrations of l-693,989. at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg of body weight, the compound effectively eliminated 90% of th ... | 1992 | 1416888 |
| pneumocystis prophylaxis and survival in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with zidovudine. the zidovudine epidemiology group. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we assessed the impact of prophylaxis for pcp on survival in patients with advanced hiv disease who were treated with zidovudine. | 1992 | 1417373 |
| [fever of unknown origin in a cohort of hiv-positive patients]. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of fever of unknown origin (fuo) in a cohort of hiv positive patients and to describe their evolution and the final diagnosis. the clinical records of 412 patients followed from january 1987 to december 1990 at our hiv outpatient clinic were reviewed: in 151 patients 255 episodes of fever had been observed of which 22 (in 21 patients) met the criteria for fuo. 19 patients (90%) presented with a cdc/who stage iv hiv infection and the mean ... | 1992 | 1448686 |
| the spectrum of hiv-1-related disease among outpatients in new york city. | to define the spectrum of hiv-1-related disease in new york city (nyc) and to determine how the clinical spectrum of illness differs in various populations. | 1992 | 1418782 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in untreated acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. | mixed opportunistic infection with pneumocystis carinii and candida prior to cytotoxic therapy in a young male diagnosed as having acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia resulted in early catastrophe. the role of awareness of this complication and its prompt management is discussed. | 1992 | 1452569 |
| karyotypes of pneumocystis carinii from korean rats. | molecular karyotyping was applied to pneumocystis carinii(pc) from two strains of experimental rats, sprague dawley(sd) and fisher(f), in korea. field inversion gel electrophoresis and contour clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis resolved 15 chromosomal bands from the pc. the size of the bands was estimated 270kb to 684kb from sd rats, and 273kb to 713 kb from f rats. the bands of 283 kb from sd rats and of 273 kb from f rats stained more brightly suggesting duplicated bands. total ... | 1992 | 1420031 |
| aerosolized pentamidine and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: patient compliance and outcomes. | the study objectives were to compare compliance between every-two-week and every-four-week aerosolized pentamidine regimens, and to determine if patients who were more compliant with the use of aerosolized pentamidine were at decreased risk for developing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1992 | 1421665 |
| pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in patients with aids: clinical features, response to therapy, and outcome. | to further characterize the clinical features, response to therapy, and outcome of pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in patients with aids, we retrospectively reviewed the course of choroiditis for eight patients identified from two institutions through april 1991. seven patients had prior pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and had received aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis for a median of 10 months; one patient had no prior history of pneumonia or prophylaxis. the median cd4+ lymphocyte count for ... | 1992 | 1453321 |
| immunological studies on opportunistic infection and the development of adult t-cell leukemia. | three patients with opportunistic infection preceding adult t-cell leukemia (atl) are presented: a 66-year-old woman with cryptococcosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a 46-year-old man with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and a 55-year-old woman with cryptococcosis. although, at the first examination, the first two had smoldering type atl and the third case was an htlv-i carrier, all three developed overt atl 14-16 months after the onset of opportunistic infection. it is considered that th ... | 1992 | 1421724 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis following bone marrow transplantation. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp) can occur in immunocompromised hosts, especially aids and cancer patients. although recent research has focused on pcp in aids patients, few studies have described the clinical presentation of pcp in recipients of bone marrow transplantation (bmt). between 1976 and 1991, of 1454 bmt patients at the university of minnesota, pcp was documented in only 19. eighteen of these had not been receiving pcp prophylaxis. patients presented with a brief period (2-10 da ... | 1992 | 1422481 |
| another case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita (zinsser-cole-engman syndrome) | | 1992 | 1457646 |
| application of dna amplification to pneumocystosis: presence of serum pneumocystis carinii dna during human and experimentally induced pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). much remains unknown about the basic biology of p. carinii and studies of this infection have been hampered by the lack of cultivation methods. we developed a sensitive and specific assay for p. carinii by utilizing dna amplification of the p. carinii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene. by this method, p. carinii dna was detected in the lungs of rats with ... | 1992 | 1402679 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following cyclosporine a and methotrexate treated rheumatoid arthritis. | | 1992 | 1404144 |
| patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we describe 6 cases of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. all were treated with high dose corticosteroids, and all developed the infection within 4 months of beginning new or revised cytotoxic therapy. all patients tested (5 of 6) were negative for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). those patients who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia had more severe lymphocytopenia (median 595 vs 833/mm3) and received higher doses of corticoste ... | 1992 | 1404153 |
| [pathological examination of 11 autopsy cases of acute onset interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology]. | in 11 autopsy cases of acute onset interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology, all cases had thickening of alveolar septa with various degrees of lymphocytic infiltration and fibroblast proliferation. only a few cases had edematous alveolar septa, which were weakly positive in alcian-blue staining. intra-alveolar, intra-alveolar duct and intra-bronchiolar organization was a characteristic finding. these findings may represent the repair phase rather than the exudative phase of diffuse alveolar d ... | 1992 | 1405098 |
| delayed recognition of human immunodeficiency virus infection in preadolescent children. | thirty-two (18%) of 181 children cared for at our institution who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were first seen, and hiv was diagnosed, when they were 4 years of age and older. initial complaints or diagnoses for these children included the following: hematologic disorders (5) (3 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 1 neutropenia, 1 anemia); recurrent bacterial infections (10); pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (3); developmental delay (1); skin disorders (2) (1 ... | 1992 | 1408540 |
| [hiv-1 seropositive hemophilia a complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome and acute pancreatitis during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major opportunistic infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and is treated with co-trimoxazole, pentamidine and others. the severe adverse reactions, including bone marrow suppression, by these therapeutic agents often preclude their continued use. a 14-year-old male hiv-positive hemophilia a patient, who was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (dic) following acute pancreatitis during treatment for pcp, was trea ... | 1992 | 1433951 |
| evidence for the existence of ganglioside molecules on pneumocystis carinii from human lungs. | this study was undertaken to assess whether glycolipid antigens (particularly gangliosides) are associated with pneumocystis carinii obtained from human lungs. gangliosides were extracted, purified in high performance thin-layer chromatography and stained with resorcinol. two resorcinol-positive bands, co-migrating with gm1 and gd1a were demonstrated, suggesting the existence of ganglioside molecules on p. carinii. no resorcinol-positive bands were revealed in the pulmonary control tissue. in ad ... | 1992 | 1437265 |
| high osmotic pressure for pneumocystis carinii london resin white embedding enables fine immunocytochemistry studies: i. golgi complex and cell-wall synthesis. | a method for embedding pneumocystis carinii in hydrophilic resin (london resin white) has been developed for immunocytochemistry studies. using high osmotic pressure (about 850 mosmol) from fixation to embedding, this method improved the preservation of the fine structure as well as the antigenicity of rabbit- and scid mouse-derived p. carinii. cytochemistry studies were performed using colloidal gold-conjugated lectins (concanavalin a, glycine max, ulex europaeus) that reacted with the cytoplas ... | 1992 | 1438133 |
| ornithine decarboxylase as an enzyme target for therapy. | interest in ornithine decarboxylase (odc) and the therapeutic effects of its inhibition with the consequent depletion of polyamine biosynthesis has been widespread since the late 1970s and 1980s. this review covers new information about the properties of odc, recent findings with odc inhibitors and a discussion of the mechanism of inactivation of odc by eflornithine. recent in vivo therapeutic approaches of odc inhibition are also discussed including: cancer and cancer chemoprevention; autoimmun ... | 1992 | 1438532 |
| [atypical radiologic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii (pc) is characterized, in most cases, by the existence of infiltrates of interstitium or bilateral interstitium-alveolar type on the thorax radiography. however atypical radiological findings associated with this type of opportunistic infection are being described more and more frequently. we present two patients with acquire immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and pulmonary infection due to pc, with very unusual radiological findings. first patient showed mul ... | 1992 | 1439040 |
| pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma in africa. | a study was carried out to identify the main clinical radiological and bronchoscopic features of hiv related kaposi's sarcoma of the lung in african patients. | 1992 | 1440469 |
| pneumocystis carinii as a cause of pneumonia in hiv-infected patients in lusaka, zambia. | 4 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients studied at the university of zambia medical school, lusaka, were verified by bronchoalveolar lavage. pneumocystis is common in north american aids patients, but has been considered rare in africa. one reason may be that facilities for diagnosis, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, are not usually available. 44 consecutive hiv seropositive patients who were unresponsive to a 10-day course of antibiotics, and whose sputum ... | 1992 | 1440816 |
| low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole alone and in association with zidovudine for prevention and treatment of murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) alone was found to be as effective as low-dose tmp-smx plus zidovudine and standard-dose tmp-smx alone in preventing and treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in an immunosuppressed-rat model. zidovudine alone had no preventive or curative effect on pcp. we conclude that the initially reported reduced incidence of pcp in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with zidovudine alone is not due to anti-p. carinii activity of z ... | 1992 | 1444313 |