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significant reduction in toxicity, bod, and cod of textile dyes and textile industry effluent by a novel bacterium pseudomonas sp. lbc1.the 16s rrna sequence analysis and biochemical characteristics were confirmed that the isolated bacterium is pseudomonas sp. lbc1. the commonly used textile dye, direct brown mr has been used to study the fate of biodegradation. pseudomonas sp. lbc1 showed 90% decolorization of direct brown mr (100 mg/l) and textile industry effluent with significant reduction in cod and bod. the optimum condition for decolorization was 7.0 ph and 40°c. significant increase in a activity of extracellular laccase ...201222354382
dynamic nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat-encoding genes in the grass family.the proper use of resistance genes (r genes) requires a comprehensive understanding of their genomics and evolution. we analyzed genes encoding nucleotide-binding sites and leucine-rich repeats in the genomes of rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), and brachypodium distachyon. frequent deletions and translocations of r genes generated prevalent presence/absence polymorphism between different accessions/species. the deletions were caused by unequal crossover, homologo ...201222422941
characterization and evolution of microrna genes derived from repetitive elements and duplication events in plants.micrornas (mirnas) are a major class of small non-coding rnas that act as negative regulators at the post-transcriptional level in animals and plants. in this study, all known mirnas in four plant species (arabidopsis thaliana, populus trichocarpa, oryza sativa and sorghum bicolor) have been analyzed, using a combination of computational and comparative genomic approaches, to systematically identify and characterize the mirnas that were derived from repetitive elements and duplication events. th ...201222523544
estimating hydrogen cyanide in forage sorghum ( sorghum bicolor ) by near-infrared spectroscopy.hydrogen cyanide (hcn) is a toxic chemical that can potentially cause mild to severe reactions in animals when grazing forage sorghum. developing technologies to monitor the level of hcn in the growing crop would benefit graziers, so that they can move cattle into paddocks with acceptable levels of hcn. in this study, we developed near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) calibrations to estimate hcn in forage sorghum and hay. the full spectral nirs range (400-2498 nm) was used as well as specific spect ...201222594883
host specificity of sporisorium reilianum is tightly linked to generation of the phytoalexin luteolinidin by sorghum bicolor.the smut fungus sporisorium reilianum occurs in two varieties (s. reilianum f. sp. reilianum and s. reilianum f. sp. zeae) that cause head smut disease on sorghum and maize, respectively. prior to plant infection, compatible haploid sporidia of s. reilianum fuse to form infectious dikaryotic hyphae that penetrate the leaf surface, spread throughout the plant, and reach the inflorescences, in which spore formation occurs. to elucidate the basis of host specificity of the two s. reilianum varietie ...201222670753
update on sumoylation: defining core components of the plant sumo conjugation system by phylogenetic comparison.the conjugation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier, sumo, to substrate proteins is a reversible and dynamic process, and an important response of plants to environmental challenges. nevertheless, reliable data have so far been restricted largely to the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. the increasing availability of genome information for other plant species offers the possibility to identify a core set of indispensable components, and to discover species-specific features of the sumoylatio ...201222799003
identification of drought responsive proteins using gene ontology hierarchy.the availability of the complete genome sequences has facilitated access to essential information to identify proteins. the determination of arabidopsis genome sequence has had a great impact to annotate data. the genome sequencing of sorghum bicolor has been only recently completed and hither to the global response to abiotic stresses in this important crop remains largely unexplored. we used 2-d gel electrophoresis based proteomic approach refined with maldi-tof to analyze drought-stress respo ...201222829738
in silico targeted genome mining and comparative modelling reveals a putative protein similar to an arabidopsis drought tolerance dna binding transcription factor in chromosome 6 of sorghum bicolor genome.arabidopsis thaliana hardy (athrd) is a gene with an apetela 2 / ethylene responsive factor (ap2/erf) domain linked to improved performance under drought in rice. we hypothesized that the sorghum genome could possess a similar gene product and were motivated to conduct a computational genome scale mining for the protein and analyse its structural and functional properties. athrd sequence was used as a query to blast against the sorghum genome dataset followed by multiple alignment analysis. a ho ...201222843236
use of complementary medicine amongst patients on antiretroviral drugs in an hiv treatment centre in lagos, nigeria.traditional herbal remedies have been used to treat many ailments in nigeria but the safety of herbal remedies has been the major concerns to many people especially when the chemical constituents of the products are not known. this study is therefore designed to evaluate the prevalence of use of complementary drugs with antiretroviral (arv) therapy and possible treatment outcome of the concurrent utilization of these therapeutic agents. a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 354 hiv patients at ...201222873496
evolution of golden2-like gene function in c(3) and c (4) plants.a pair of golden2-like transcription factors is required for normal chloroplast development in land plant species that encompass the range from bryophytes to angiosperms. in the c(4) plant maize, compartmentalized function of the two glk genes in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells regulates dimorphic chloroplast differentiation, whereas in the c(3) plants physcomitrella patens and arabidopsis thaliana the genes act redundantly in all photosynthetic cells. to assess whether the cell-specific funct ...201322968911
cis-regulatory signatures of orthologous stress-associated bzip transcription factors from rice, sorghum and arabidopsis based on phylogenetic footprints.the potential contribution of upstream sequence variation to the unique features of orthologous genes is just beginning to be unraveled. a core subset of stress-associated bzip transcription factors from rice (oryza sativa) formed ten clusters of orthologous groups (cog) with genes from the monocot sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and dicot arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). the total cis-regulatory information content of each stress-associated cog was examined by phylogenetic footprinting to reveal o ...201222992304
aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) superfamily in plants: gene nomenclature and comparative genomics.in recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of completely sequenced plant genomes. the comparison of fully sequenced genomes allows for identification of new gene family members, as well as comprehensive analysis of gene family evolution. the aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) gene superfamily comprises a group of enzymes involved in the nad(+)- or nadp(+)-dependent conversion of various aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. aldh enzymes are involved in processin ...201323007552
differential impacts of brassicaceous and nonbrassicaceous oilseed meals on soil bacterial and fungal communities.demand for alternative fuels has sparked renewed interest in the production of biodiesel from oil-rich seeds. oilseed meals are a byproduct of this process, and given their relatively high nutrient content, land application represents a potential value-added use. in this microcosm-based study, soil microbial community responses to amendments of a glucosinolate-containing brassicaceous oilseed meal (brassica juncea, mustard), a non-glucosinolate-containing, nonbrassicaceous oilseed meal (linum us ...201323025785
functional characterization of sugarcane mustang domesticated transposases and comparative diversity in sugarcane, rice, maize and sorghum.transposable elements (tes) account for a large portion of plant genomes, particularly in grasses, in which they correspond to 50%-80% of the genomic content. tes have recently been shown to be a source of new genes and new regulatory networks. the most striking contribution of tes is referred as "molecular domestication", by which the element coding sequence loses its movement capacity and acquires cellular function. recently, domesticated transposases known as mustang and derived from the muta ...201223055803
aerobic biodegradation of azo dye by bacillus cohnii mtcc 3616; an obligately alkaliphilic bacterium and toxicity evaluation of metabolites by different bioassay systems.an obligate alkaliphilic bacterium bacillus cohnii mtcc 3616 aerobically decolorized a textile azo dye direct red-22 (5,000 mg l⁻¹) with 95 % efficiency at 37 °c and ph 9 in 4 h under static conditions. the decolorization of direct red-22 (dr-22) was possible through a broad ph (7-11), temperature (10-45 °c), salinity (1-7 %), and dye concentration (5-10 g l⁻¹) range. decolorization of dye was assessed by uv-vis spectrophotometer with reduction of peak intensity at 549 nm (λ(max)). biodegradatio ...201323070653
differential mobility of pigment-protein complexes in granal and agranal thylakoid membranes of c₃ and c₄ plants.the photosynthetic performance of plants is crucially dependent on the mobility of the molecular complexes that catalyze the conversion of sunlight to metabolic energy equivalents in the thylakoid membrane network inside chloroplasts. the role of the extensive folding of thylakoid membranes leading to structural differentiation into stacked grana regions and unstacked stroma lamellae for diffusion-based processes of the photosynthetic machinery is poorly understood. this study examines, to our k ...201323148078
plant carbohydrate binding module enhances activity of hybrid microbial cellulase enzyme.a synthetic, highly active cellulase enzyme suitable for in planta production may be a valuable tool for biotechnological approaches to develop transgenic biofuel crops with improved digestibility. here, we demonstrate that the addition of a plant derived carbohydrate binding module (cbm) to a synthetic glycosyl hydrolase improved the activity of the hydrolase in releasing sugar from plant biomass. a cel-hyb1-cbm enzyme was generated by fusing a hybrid microbial cellulase, cel-hyb1, with the cbm ...201223181066
comparison of class 2 transposable elements at superfamily resolution reveals conserved and distinct features in cereal grass genomes.class 2 transposable elements (tes) are the predominant elements in and around plant genes where they generate significant allelic diversity. using the complete sequences of four grasses, we have performed a novel comparative analysis of class 2 tes. to ensure consistent comparative analyses, we re-annotated class 2 tes in brachypodium distachyon, oryza sativa (rice), sorghum bicolor and zea mays and assigned them to one of the five cut-and-paste superfamilies found in plant genomes (tc1/mariner ...201323369001
prevalent role of gene features in determining evolutionary fates of whole-genome duplication duplicated genes in flowering plants.the evolution of genes and genomes after polyploidization has been the subject of extensive studies in evolutionary biology and plant sciences. while a significant number of duplicated genes are rapidly removed during a process called fractionation, which operates after the whole-genome duplication (wgd), another considerable number of genes are retained preferentially, leading to the phenomenon of biased gene retention. however, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying gene retention after wgd re ...201323396833
production of hydrogen and volatile fatty acid by enterobacter sp. t4384 using organic waste materials.in a study of hydrogen-producing bacteria, strain t4384 was isolated from rice field samples in the republic of korea. the isolate was identified as enterobacter sp. t4384 by phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna and rpob gene sequences. enterobacter sp. t4384 grew at a temperature range of 10-45 degrees c and at an initial ph range of 4.5-9.5. strain t4384 produced hydrogen at 0-6% nacl by using glucose, fructose, and mannose. in serum bottle cultures using a complete medium, enterobacter sp. t4384 ...201323412061
patterns and evolution of acgt repeat cis-element landscape across four plant genomes.transcription factor binding is regulated by several interactions, primarily involving cis-element binding. these binding sites maintain specificity by means of their sequence, and other additional factors such as inter-motif distance and spacer specificity. the acgt core sequence has been established as a functionally important cis-element which frequently regulates gene expression in synergy with other cis-elements. in this study, we used two monocotyledonous - oryza sativa and sorghum bicolor ...201323530833
functional characterization of two clusters of brachypodium distachyon udp-glycosyltransferases encoding putative deoxynivalenol detoxification genes.plant small-molecule udp-glycosyltransferases (ugt) glycosylate a vast number of endogenous substances but also act in detoxification of metabolites produced by plant-pathogenic microorganisms. the ability to inactivate the fusarium graminearum mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) into don-3-o-glucoside is crucial for resistance of cereals. we analyzed the ugt gene family of the monocot model species brachypodium distachyon and functionally characterized two gene clusters containing putative orthologs ...201323550529
tissue specific response of agrobacterium tumefaciens attachment to sorghum bicolor (l) moench.agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation of plants have advantages over other methods, especially for making single copy transgenic plants with reduced chances of gene silencing and instability. however, monocotyledonous plant species could not utilize the full potential of this system because of possible limitations in agrobacterium interaction with monocot plant cells. agrobacterium attachment as a factor in genetic transformation was studied in the leaf, shoot apex, and leaf derived call ...200823572896
elucidation of the structure and reaction mechanism of sorghum hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and its structural relationship to other coenzyme a-dependent transferases and synthases.hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (hct) from sorghum (sorghum bicolor) participates in an early step of the phenylpropanoid pathway, exchanging coenzyme a (coa) esterified to p-coumaric acid with shikimic or quinic acid as intermediates in the biosynthesis of the monolignols coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol. in order to elucidate the mode of action of this enzyme, we have determined the crystal structures of sbhct in its apo-form and ternary complex with shikimate and p-coumaroyl-coa, which was c ...201323624856
simultaneous transcriptome analysis of sorghum and bipolaris sorghicola by using rna-seq in combination with de novo transcriptome assembly.the recent development of rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology has enabled us to analyze the transcriptomes of plants and their pathogens simultaneously. however, rna-seq often relies on aligning reads to a reference genome and is thus unsuitable for analyzing most plant pathogens, as their genomes have not been fully sequenced. here, we analyzed the transcriptomes of sorghum bicolor (l.) moench and its pathogen bipolaris sorghicola simultaneously by using rna-seq in combination with de novo tran ...201323638091
conservation, divergence, and genome-wide distribution of pal and pox a gene families in plants.genome-wide identification and phylogenetic and syntenic comparison were performed for the genes responsible for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) and peroxidase a (pox a) enzymes in nine plant species representing very diverse groups like legumes (glycine max and medicago truncatula), fruits (vitis vinifera), cereals (sorghum bicolor, zea mays, and oryza sativa), trees (populus trichocarpa), and model dicot (arabidopsis thaliana) and monocot (brachypodium distachyon) species. a total of 87 and ...201323671845
the heterologous expression in arabidopsis thaliana of sorghum transcription factor sbbhlh1 downregulates lignin synthesis.basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) genes are important regulators of development in plants. sbbhlh1, a sorghum bicolor bhlh sequence, was isolated from a suppression subtractive hybridization library constructed using 13 independent brown midrib (bmr) mutants as the tester and wild-type sorghum as the driver. the gene was upregulated in at least five of the mutants at the five- to seven-leaf stage. using a yeast expression system, the n-terminal portion of sbbhlh1 was shown to be required for proper ...201323698629
are sucrose transporter expression profiles linked with patterns of biomass partitioning in sorghum phenotypes?sorghum bicolor is a genetically diverse c4 monocotyledonous species, encompassing varieties capable of producing high grain yields as well as sweet types which accumulate soluble sugars (predominantly sucrose) within their stems to high concentrations. sucrose produced in leaves (sources) enters the phloem and is transported to regions of growth and storage (sinks). it is likely that sucrose transporter (sut) proteins play pivotal roles in phloem loading and the delivery of sucrose to growth an ...201323805151
identification of salt treated proteins in sorghum using gene ontology linkage.sorghum bicolor (l.) is an important crop of arid and semi arid zones with most of its varieties tolerant to drought, heat and salt stress. functional identification of many salt tolerant proteins has been reported in arabidopsis, rice and other plants, however only little functional information has been predicted in sorghum till date. a 2-d gel electrophoresis based proteomic approach with maldi-tof mass spectrometer was utilized to analyze the salt stress response of sorghum. major changes in ...201223814435
effect of sward surface height and level of herbage depletion on bite features of cattle grazing sorghum bicolor swards.to maximize herbage dmi, pregrazing sward surface height (ssh) and level of herbage depletion (hd) must be such that variables determining short-term herbage intake such as bite mass (bm) and bite rate (br) are optimized. the objective of this study was to determine a ssh target and the level of hd as a proportion of the ssh that optimizes bm and br of beef heifers grazing sorghum bicolor swards. two experiments were conducted using 2 s. bicolor swards and 4 beef heifers (25 mo old; 322 kg bw). ...201323825342
identification of bioconversion quantitative trait loci in the interspecific cross sorghum bicolor × sorghum propinquum.for lignocellulosic bioenergy to be economically viable, genetic improvements must be made in feedstock quality including both biomass total yield and conversion efficiency. toward this goal, multiple studies have considered candidate genes and discovered quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with total biomass accumulation and/or grain production in bioenergy grass species including maize and sorghum. however, very little research has been focused on genes associated with increased biomass c ...201323836384
biological aspects of eriopis connexa (germar) (coleoptera: coccinellidae) fed on different insect pests of maize (zea mays l.) and sorghum [sorghum bicolor l. (moench.)].eriopis connexa (germar) (coleoptera: coccinellidae) occurs in several countries of south america and its mass rearing is important for biological control programmes. this work evaluated biological aspects of e. connexa larva fed on eggs of anagasta kuehniella (zeller) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) frozen for one day, fresh eggs of diatraea saccharalis (fabricius) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), s. frugiperda newly-hatched caterpillars, nymph ...201323917572
evaluation of genome sequencing quality in selected plant species using expressed sequence tags.with the completion of genome sequencing projects for more than 30 plant species, large volumes of genome sequences have been produced and stored in online databases. advancements in sequencing technologies have reduced the cost and time of whole genome sequencing enabling more and more plants to be subjected to genome sequencing. despite this, genome sequence qualities of multiple plants have not been evaluated.201323922843
copper content of staple seeds and grains grown in kanam local government area, nigeria.copper is a trace mineral that plays an important role in human metabolism, largely because it allows many critical enzymes to function properly. little is known of copper content of nigerian foods. in this paper, copper contents of several typical nigerian foods were determined. the samples were collected from kanam of plateau state in central region of nigeria. the samples were wet-ashed according to the protocol of hill et al. (anal chem 55:2340-2342, 1986).concentrations of copper in the sam ...201323961432
differential growth response of various crop species to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation.to investigate the growth response of various crop species to mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were applied to glycine max, vigna angularis, senna tora, hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon. zea mays, sorghum bicolor, allium tuberosum, solanum melongena, and capsicum annuum. the biomass of the inoculated crops was measured every two weeks for the 12-week growth period. by measuring biomass, we calculated the mycorrhizal responsiveness of the nine crop species. among the nine cro ...200923983512
fermentation and enzyme treatments for sorghum.sorghum (sorghum bicolor moench) is the fifth most produced cereal worldwide. however, some varieties of this cereal contain antinutritional factors, such as tannins and phytate that may form stable complexes with proteins and minerals which decreases digestibility and nutritional value. the present study sought to diminish antinutritional tannins and phytate present in sorghum grains. three different treatments were studied for that purpose, using enzymes tannase (945 u/kg sorghum), phytase (26 ...201224031807
nutritive value, fermentation characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of sorghum silage treated with inoculants.fibrolytic enzymes and microbial inoculants have the potential to improve the value of sorghum feedstuff and feedstock. an experiment was conducted to determine nutritive value, ensiling characteristics, and in situ disappearance kinetics of 4 sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) silage varieties: dairy master bmr (dbmr; brown midrib; richardson seed, vega, tx), ps 747 (ps; photoperiod sensitive; pogue seed, kenedy, tx), silo 700d (s700d; conventional forage type; richardson seed), and mmr 381/73 (mmr; ...201324035020
fine mapping and chromosome walking towards the ror1 locus in barley (hordeum vulgare l.).the ror1 gene was fine-mapped to the pericentric region of barley chromosome 1hl. recessively inherited loss-of-function alleles of the barley (hordeum vulgare) mildew resistance locus o (mlo) gene confer durable broad-spectrum disease resistance against the obligate biotrophic fungal powdery mildew pathogen blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. previous genetic analyses revealed two barley genes, ror1 and ror2, that are required for mlo-specified resistance and basal defence. while ror2 was cloned an ...201324042571
phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast restriction enzyme site mutations in the saccharinae griseb. subtribe of the andropogoneae dumort. tribe.chloroplast (cp) dna from 32 genotypes representing eight genera and 19 species from the andropogoneae tribe was analyzed using 15 restriction enzymes and southern hybridization with 12 cpdna probes that span the complete rice chloroplast genome. six of the genera, saccharum, miscanthus, erianthus, narenga, eccoilopus, and sclerostachya, are part of the saccharinae subtribe, whereas the other two, zea and sorghum, were used as outgroups. narenga, miscanthus, erianthus, and sclerostachya are pres ...199424190471
functional xylem anatomy in root-shoot junctions of six cereal species.in cereals, the formation of safety zones in the root-shoot junction could protect the vessels of roots from embolism originating in the shoot. the root-shoot junction was examined both anatomically, with a light microscope, and experimentally, using a pressurized-air method, in the base of seminal and adventitious roots of maize (zea mays l. cv. seneca 60-ii), a corngrass mutation of maize (cg mutant), sorghum (sorghum bicolor l. cv. ho-pak), winter oats (avena sativa l. cv. ogle), spring wheat ...199124193938
genome-wide computational prediction and analysis of core promoter elements across plant monocots and dicots.transcription initiation, essential to gene expression regulation, involves recruitment of basal transcription factors to the core promoter elements (cpes). the distribution of currently known cpes across plant genomes is largely unknown. this is the first large scale genome-wide report on the computational prediction of cpes across eight plant genomes to help better understand the transcription initiation complex assembly. the distribution of thirteen known cpes across four monocots (brachypodi ...201324205361
volatile infochemicals used in host and host habitat location bycotesia flavipes cameron andcotesia sesamiae (cameron) (hymenoptera: braconidae), larval parasitoids of stemborers on graminae.femalecotesia flavipes cameron andcotesia sesamiae (cameron) were attracted to odors in a y-tube olfactometer from uninfested maize (zea mays l.), sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.)], and napier grass (pennisetum purpureum schumach). in dual choice tests,cotesia flavipes showed a preference for maize over sorghum, while maize and napier grass were equally attractive. in contrast,cotesia sesamiae preferred volatiles from sorghum and napier grass over those from maize. the two parasitoids were signific ...199624227412
production of pinostilbene compounds by the expression of resveratrol o-methyltransferase genes in escherichia coli.resveratrol (3,4',5-trans-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin that belongs to a family of naturally occurring stilbenes. it has been reported that the health-promoting activities of certain methylated resveratrol derivatives are more effective than those of unmodified resveratrol. in this study, we isolated two candidate genes with resveratrol o-methyltransferase (romt) activity from grape (vitis riparia) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor). to assess their romt activities in vivo, we sy ...201424267561
accumulation of heavy metals using sorghum sp.the essential requirement for the effective phytoremediation is selection of a plant species which should be metal tolerant, with high biomass production and known agronomic techniques. the above mentioned criteria are met by crop plant sorghum (sorghum bicolor). the response of hydroponically grown s. bicolor plants to cadmium and zinc stress was followed. the impact of metal application on physiological parameters, including changes in chlorophylls contents and antioxidative enzymes activities ...201424268752
clinical efficacy of a west african sorghum bicolor-based traditional herbal preparation jobelyn shows increased hemoglobin and cd4+ t-lymphocyte counts in hiv-positive patients.the purpose of this study was to evaluate a traditional herbal preparation, jobelyn,® for its effects on anemia and cd4+ t-cell counts in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (hiv+) patients in nigeria.201424283768
sbhkt1;4, a member of the high-affinity potassium transporter gene family from sorghum bicolor, functions to maintain optimal na⁺ /k⁺ balance under na⁺ stress.in halophytic plants, the high-affinity potassium transporter hkt gene family can selectively uptake k⁺ in the presence of toxic concentrations of na⁺. this has so far not been well examined in glycophytic crops. here, we report the characterization of sbhkt1;4, a member of the hkt gene family from sorghum bicolor. upon na⁺ stress, sbhkt1;4 expression was more strongly upregulated in salt-tolerant sorghum accession, correlating with a better balanced na⁺ /k⁺ ratio and enhanced plant growth. hete ...201424325391
evaluation of cover crops with potential for use in anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) for susceptibility to three species of meloidogyne.several cover crops with potential for use in tropical and subtropical regions were assessed for susceptibility to three common species of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica. crops were selected based on potential use as organic amendments in anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) applications. nematode juvenile (j2) numbers in soil and roots, egg production, and host plant root galling were evaluated on arugula (eruca sativa, cv. nemat), cowpea (vigna unguicula ...201324379486
the effect of atmospheric humidity on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency of leaves of several plant species.the effect of humidity on the gas exchange of leaves of the dicotyledons soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), jojoba (simmondsia chinensis (l.) schneider), and saltbush (atriplex halimus l.) and the monocotyledons wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.) sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) and barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli (l.) beauv.) was examined under conditions of adequate soil moisture in a controlled environment. photosynthesis a ...197724419571
a vapor pressure deficit effect on crop canopy photosynthesis.canopy co2-exchange rates (cer), air temperatures, and dew points were measured throughout ten days during the 1987 growing season for cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), grain sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l) moench], and five soybean [glycine max (l) merr.] cultivars, and throughout seven days in 1988, on maize (zea maize l.). the objective was to determine if the decline in cer per unit light during the afternoon is associated with a vapor pressure deficit (vpd) increase. some of the soybean and maiz ...199024419762
fermentation patterns of forage sorghum ensiled under different environmental conditions.the effects of temperature, aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the silo and plant characteristics [water-soluble carbohydrate (wsc) contents, growing season] on the fermentation characteristics of a tropical forage species, sorghum bicolor cv. sugar-drip, were investigated. silages fermented in oxygen-impermeable bags were well preserved and had low ph (3.7), high lactic acid [72 g kg(-1) dry matter (dm) ≡ 80% of total acids], and low butyric acid (0.12 g kg(-1) dm) and ammonia nitrogen (nh3-n) ...199124424934
decarboxylation of malate by isolated bundle-sheath cells of certain plants having the c4-dicarboxylic acid cycle of photosynthesis.bundle-sheath cells isolated by the grinding and filtration procedure of edwards and black (1971b) from species of plants having the c4-dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis were tested for the decarboxylation of malate from the c4-carboxyl position. the bundle-sheath cells, which showed high malic enzyme activity in extracts, decarboxylated 4[(14)c]malate at rates sufficient to be involved in photosynthesis. the malate decarboxylation is dependent on the addition of magnesium or manganese ...197324468846
biodegradation of methyl red by bacillus sp. strain un2: decolorization capacity, metabolites characterization, and enzyme analysis.azo dyes are recalcitrant and refractory pollutants that constitute a significant menace to the environment. the present study is focused on exploring the capability of bacillus sp. strain un2 for application in methyl red (mr) degradation. effects of physicochemical parameters (ph of medium, temperature, initial concentration of dye, and composition of the medium) were studied in detail. the suitable ph and temperature range for mr degradation by strain un2 were respectively 7.0-9.0 and 30-40 ° ...201424474566
amplification of aba biosynthesis and signaling through a positive feedback mechanism in seeds.abscisic acid is an essential hormone for seed dormancy. our previous study using the plant gene switch system, a chemically induced gene expression system, demonstrated that induction of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (nced), a rate-limiting aba biosynthesis gene, was sufficient to suppress germination in imbibed arabidopsis seeds. here, we report development of an efficient experimental system that causes amplification of nced expression during seed maturation. the system was created with a ...201424520869
shoot δ(15)n and δ (13)c values of non-host brassica rapa change when exposed to ±glomus etunicatum inoculum and three levels of phosphorus and nitrogen.glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the response of non-host brassica rapa and host sorghum bicolor to inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus etunicatum when given different levels of n (0.9 mmol kg(-1) sand, 2.7 mmol kg(-1) sand, 8.1 mmol kg(-1) sand) and p (3.6 µmol kg(-1) sand, 10.7 µmol kg(-1) sand, 32.0 µmol kg(-1) sand) fertiliser. on both plant species, the presence of g. etunicatum inoculum (+amf) was associated with significant changes of shoot δ(15)n ...200124595435
effectiveness of phytoremediation technologies to clean up of metalloids using three plant species in iran.phytoremediation is a potential, innovative, and cost-effective technology for non-destructive remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils. a field trial was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiencies of three plants and the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) or ammonium addition [(nh4)2so4 and nh4no3] for assisting removal of heavy metals (pb, hg, and cd) from contaminated soil. the tested plants include amaranthus retroflexus, sorghum bicolor, and lolium perrene. ...201424617109
salt tolerance and activity of antioxidative enzymes of transgenic finger millet overexpressing a vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase gene (sbvppase) from sorghum bicolor.a vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase cdna clone was isolated from sorghum bicolor (sbvppase) using end-to-end gene-specific primer amplification. it showed 80-90% homology at the nucleotide and 85-95% homology at the amino acid level with other vppases. the gene was introduced into expression vector pcambia1301 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv35s) promoter and transformed into agrobacterium tumifaciens strain lba4404 to infect embryogenic calli of finger millet (eleusine ...201424877670
constans is a photoperiod regulated activator of flowering in sorghum.sorghum genotypes used for grain production in temperate regions are photoperiod insensitive and flower early avoiding adverse environments during the reproductive phase. in contrast, energy sorghum hybrids are highly photoperiod sensitive with extended vegetative phases in long days, resulting in enhanced biomass accumulation. sbprr37 and sbghd7 contribute to photoperiod sensitivity in sorghum by repressing expression of sbehd1 and ft-like genes, thereby delaying flowering in long days with min ...201424884377
identification and functional characterization of bidirectional gene pairs and their intergenic regions in maize.bidirectional gene pairs exist as a specific form of gene organization in microorganisms and mammals as well as in model plant species, such as arabidopsis and rice. little is known about bidirectional gene pairs in maize, which has a large genome and is one of the most important grain crops.201424886269
prospecting sugarcane resistance to sugarcane yellow leaf virus by genome-wide association.using gwas approaches, we detected independent resistant markers in sugarcane towards a vectored virus disease. based on comparative genomics, several candidate genes potentially involved in virus/aphid/plant interactions were pinpointed. yellow leaf of sugarcane is an emerging viral disease whose causal agent is a polerovirus, the sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv) transmitted by aphids. to identify quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to yellow leaf which are of direct relevance for ...201424916990
anchoring a plant cytochrome p450 via psam to the thylakoids in synechococcus sp. pcc 7002: evidence for light-driven biosynthesis.plants produce an immense variety of specialized metabolites, many of which are of high value as their bioactive properties make them useful as for instance pharmaceuticals. the compounds are often produced at low levels in the plant, and due to their complex structures, chemical synthesis may not be feasible. here, we take advantage of the reducing equivalents generated in photosynthesis in developing an approach for producing plant bioactive natural compounds in a photosynthetic microorganism ...201425025215
structural and physicochemical characteristics of starch from sugar cane and sweet sorghum stalks.the starch present in sugar cane and sorghum juice has been considered a problem to the sugar industry. the objective of this work was to study the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the starch present in sugar cane and sweet sorghum. sugar cane and sweet sorghum starches presented small granules (maximum 5.9 and 7.9 μm), a-type diffraction pattern, high degree of relative crystallinity (44.4 and 42.0%), and low amylose content (17.5 and 16.4%), respectively. sugar cane starch pre ...201425037392
the ocl3 promoter from sorghum bicolor directs gene expression to abscission and nutrient-transfer zones at the bases of floral organs.during seed fill in cereals, nutrients are symplasmically unloaded to vascular parenchyma in ovules, but thereafter nutrient transport is less certain. in zea mays, two mechanisms of nutrient passage through the chalaza and nucellus have been hypothesized, apoplasmic and symplasmic. in a recent study, nutrients first passed non-selectively to the chalazal apoplasm and were then selectively absorbed by the nucellus before being released to the endosperm apoplasm. this study reports that the promo ...201425081518
integrated syntenic and phylogenomic analyses reveal an ancient genome duplication in monocots.unraveling widespread polyploidy events throughout plant evolution is a necessity for inferring the impacts of whole-genome duplication (wgd) on speciation, functional innovations, and to guide identification of true orthologs in divergent taxa. here, we employed an integrated syntenic and phylogenomic analyses to reveal an ancient wgd that shaped the genomes of all commelinid monocots, including grasses, bromeliads, bananas (musa acuminata), ginger, palms, and other plants of fundamental, agric ...201425082857
tetraoxanes as a new class of efficient herbicides comparable with commercial products.several 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were synthesised, and their herbicidal activity was tested against weeds and compared with the activity of commercial herbicides glyphosate and imazethapyr.201525157959
genome-wide association study of grain polyphenol concentrations in global sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench] germplasm.identifying natural variation of health-promoting compounds in staple crops and characterizing its genetic basis can help improve human nutrition through crop biofortification. some varieties of sorghum, a staple cereal crop grown worldwide, have high concentrations of proanthocyanidins and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. we quantified total phenols, proanthocyanidins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in a global sorghum diversity panel (n = 381) us ...201425272193
evaluation of the anti-proliferative and cytostatic effect of citrus sinensis (orange) fruit juice.this work has been designed to evaluate the anti-proliferative and cytostatic effects of citrus sinensis (orange) fruit juice on rapidly proliferating cells.201425298937
transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a β-1,3-glucanase from sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) show reduced callose deposition and increased tolerance to aluminium toxicity.seventy-one cultivars of sweet sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) were screened for aluminium (al) tolerance by measuring relative root growth (rrg). two contrasting cultivars, roma (al tolerant) and potchetstrm (al sensitive), were selected to study shorter term responses to al stress. potchetstrm had higher callose synthase activity, lower β-1,3-glucanase activity and more callose deposition in the root apices during al treatment compared with roma. we monitored the expression of 12 genes involved i ...201525311645
bioaccessibility of polyphenols from wheat (triticum aestivum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), green gram (vigna radiata), and chickpea (cicer arietinum) as influenced by domestic food processing.cereals (wheat and sorghum) and legumes (green gram and chickpea) commonly consumed in asia and africa were evaluated for polyphenolic content. bioaccessibility of polyphenols from these grains as influenced by domestic processing was also estimated. total polyphenol content of wheat and sorghum was 1.20 and 1.12 mg/g respectively, which was increased by 49% and 20% respectively, on roasting. in contrast, a significant reduction of the same was observed in both the cereals after pressure-cooking ...201425340251
cadmium accumulation by jack-bean and sorghum in hydroponic culture.among the technologies used to recuperate cadmium (cd) contaminated soils, phytoextraction are particularly important, where the selection of suitable plants is critical to the success of the soil remediation. thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the responses of jack-bean and sorghum to cd supply and to quantify cd accumulation by these species grown in hydroponic culture. the plants were subjected to 0, 15, 30, or 60 μmol cd l(-1) in the nutrient solution, and gas exchange, plan ...201525397989
effects of simulated oilfield produced water on early seedling growth after treatment in a pilot-scale constructed wetland system.seed germination and early seedling growth bioassays were used to evaluate phytotoxicity of simulated oilfield produced water (opw) before and after treatment in a subsurface-flow, pilot-scale constructed wetland treatment system (cwts). responses to untreated and treated opw were compared among seven plant species, including three monocotyledons: corn (zea mays), millet (panicum miliaceum), and sorghum (sorghum bicolor); and four dicotyledons: lettuce (lactuca sativa), okra (abelmoschus esculen ...201525409245
higher sterol content regulated by cyp51 with concomitant lower phospholipid content in membranes is a common strategy for aluminium tolerance in several plant species.several studies have shown that differences in lipid composition and in the lipid biosynthetic pathway affect the aluminium (al) tolerance of plants, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences. phospholipids create a negative charge at the surface of the plasma membrane and enhance al sensitivity as a result of the accumulation of positively charged al(3+) ions. the phospholipids will be balanced by other electrically neutral lipids, such as sterols. in the p ...201525416794
plant omics data center: an integrated web repository for interspecies gene expression networks with nlp-based curation.comprehensive integration of large-scale omics resources such as genomes, transcriptomes and metabolomes will provide deeper insights into broader aspects of molecular biology. for better understanding of plant biology, we aim to construct a next-generation sequencing (ngs)-derived gene expression network (gen) repository for a broad range of plant species. so far we have incorporated information about 745 high-quality mrna sequencing (mrna-seq) samples from eight plant species (arabidopsis thal ...201525505034
prediction of plant pre-micrornas and their micrornas in genome-scale sequences using structure-sequence features and support vector machine.micrornas (mirnas) are a family of non-coding rnas approximately 21 nucleotides in length that play pivotal roles at the post-transcriptional level in animals, plants and viruses. these molecules silence their target genes by degrading transcription or suppressing translation. studies have shown that mirnas are involved in biological responses to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. identification of these molecules and their targets can aid the understanding of regulatory processes. recent ...201425547126
genome-wide analysis of alternative splicing landscapes modulated during plant-virus interactions in brachypodium distachyon.in eukaryotes, alternative splicing (as) promotes transcriptome and proteome diversity. the extent of genome-wide as changes occurring during a plant-microbe interaction is largely unknown. here, using high-throughput, paired-end rna sequencing, we generated an isoform-level spliceome map of brachypodium distachyon infected with panicum mosaic virus and its satellite virus. overall, we detected ∼44,443 transcripts in b. distachyon, ∼30% more than those annotated in the reference genome. expressi ...201525634987
utilization of a high-throughput shoot imaging system to examine the dynamic phenotypic responses of a c4 cereal crop plant to nitrogen and water deficiency over time.the use of high-throughput phenotyping systems and non-destructive imaging is widely regarded as a key technology allowing scientists and breeders to develop crops with the ability to perform well under diverse environmental conditions. however, many of these phenotyping studies have been optimized using the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. in this study, the plant accelerator(®) at the university of adelaide, australia, was used to investigate the growth and phenotypic response of the importan ...201525697789
sorghum flour fractions: correlations among polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and glycemic index.nutrients composition, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and estimated glycemic index (egi) were evaluated in sorghum bran (sb) and decorticated sorghum flour (dsf), obtained by a rice-polisher, as well as whole sorghum flour (wsf). correlation between egi and the studied parameters were determined. sb presented the highest protein, lipid, ash, β-glucan, total and insoluble dietary fiber contents; and the lowest non-resistant and total starch contents. the highest carbohydrate and resista ...201525766808
a census of nuclear cyanobacterial recruits in the plant kingdom.the plastids and mitochondria of the eukaryotic cell are of endosymbiotic origin. these events occurred ~2 billion years ago and produced significant changes in the genomes of the host and the endosymbiont. previous studies demonstrated that the invasion of land affected plastids and mitochondria differently and that the paths of mitochondrial integration differed between animals and plants. other studies examined the reasons why a set of proteins remained encoded in the organelles and were not ...201525794152
phytoremediation using microbially mediated metal accumulation in sorghum bicolor.reclaiming land that has been anthropogenically contaminated with multiple heavy metal elements, e.g., during mining operations, is a growing challenge worldwide. the use of phytoremediation has been discussed with varying success. here, we show that a careful examination of options of microbial determination of plant performance is a key element in providing a multielement remediation option for such landscapes. we used both (a) mycorrhiza with rhizophagus irregularis and (b) bacterial amendmen ...201525874434
novel platensimycin derivatives with herbicidal activity.faced with the need to develop herbicides with different modes of action on account of weed resistance to existing herbicides, the sesquiterpene lactones can be the starting point in the search for new bioactive compounds. lumisantonin and five novel amides have been evaluated against two monocotyledons and three dicotyledons.201625914183
reduction in phytic acid content and enhancement of antioxidant properties of nutricereals by processing for developing a fermented baby food.cereal blends containing pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and oat (avena sativa) in different ratios were processed (roasted and germinated) and also used as unprocessed flours followed by fermentation with lactobacillus sp. (lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus plantarum). they were screened for total phenolic content (tpc), phytic acid content (pac) and free radical scavenging activity (frsa). a formulation with the highest tpc, frsa and the lowest pac was selected ...201526028703
proline over-accumulation alleviates salt stress and protects photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities in transgenic sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench].shoot-tip derived callus cultures of sorghum bicolor were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens as well as by bombardment methods with the mutated pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (p5csf129a) gene encoding the key enzyme for proline biosynthesis from glutamate. the transgenics were selfed for three generations and t4 plants were examined for 100 mm nacl stress tolerance in pot conditions. the effect of salt stress on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conduct ...201526065619
effect of cadmium stress and inoculation with a heavy-metal-resistant bacterium on the growth and enzyme activity of sorghum bicolor.in this study, the influence of the heavy-metal-resistant rhizobacterial inoculant rhodococcus ruber n7 on the growth and enzyme activity of sorghum bicolor (l.) moench. under cadmium stress was investigated in quartz sand pot experiments. the effect of cadmium and bacterium on the plant biomass accumulation, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, and the activities of plant-tissue enzymes such as peroxidase, laccase, and tyrosinase were estimated. it was shown that the presence of cadmium in ...201526066858
identification and characterization of a heat-inducible hsp70 gene from sorghum bicolor which confers tolerance to thermal stress.this study describes the first detailed molecular characterization of the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene from sorghum bicolor, mn1618 designated as sbhsp70-1. the full-length cdna of sbhsp70-1 consists of 2524 bp with a 1950 bp open reading frame, which encodes a protein of 649 amino acids. sbhsp70-1 is a cytoplasmic protein with high homology to other plant hsp70s, especially grain crops. recombinant sbhsp70-1 was able to bind and hydrolyse atp in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that sb ...201526072391
rubrolides as model for the development of new lactones and their aza analogs as potential photosynthesis inhibitors.natural phytotoxins and their synthetic analogs are a potential source of new bioactive compounds for agriculture. analogs of rubrolides, a class of γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones isolated from different ascidians, have been shown to interfere with the photosynthetic electron-transport chain, yet their activity needs to be improved. with this aim, ten 5-aryl-6-benzyl-4-bromopyridazin-3(2h)-ones were prepared in yields ranging from 44 to 88% by reaction of their correspondent γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones wit ...201526172321
mapping of a cellulose-deficient mutant named dwarf1-1 in sorghum bicolor to the green revolution gene gibberellin20-oxidase reveals a positive regulatory association between gibberellin and cellulose biosynthesis.here, we show a mechanism for expansion regulation through mutations in the green revolution gene gibberellin20 (ga20)-oxidase and show that gas control biosynthesis of the plants main structural polymer cellulose. within a 12,000 mutagenized sorghum bicolor plant population, we identified a single cellulose-deficient and male gametophyte-dysfunctional mutant named dwarf1-1 (dwf1-1). through the sorghum propinquum male/dwf1-1 female f2 population, we mapped dwf1-1 to a frameshift in ga20-oxidase ...201526198258
the plant-growth-promoting bacterium klebsiella sp. sbp-8 confers induced systemic tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum) under salt stress.plant-growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb) with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylatedeaminase (accd) activity can protect plants from the deleterious effects of abioticstressors. an accd bacterial strain, sbp-8, identified as klebsiella sp., also having other plant-growth-promoting activities, was isolated from sorghum bicolor growing in the desertregion of rajasthan, india. accd activity of sbp-8 was characterized at biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels. the presence of acds, a structural ...201526217911
a single amino acid substitution in an orange protein promotes carotenoid overaccumulation in arabidopsis.carotenoids are crucial for plant growth and human health. the finding of orange (or) protein as a pivotal regulator of carotenogenesis offers a unique opportunity to comprehensively understand the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation and develop crops with enhanced nutritional quality. here, we demonstrated that alteration of a single amino acid in a wild-type or greatly enhanced its ability to promote carotenoid accumulation. whereas overexpression of or from arabidopsis (arabidops ...201526224804
isolation and screening of rhizosphere bacteria from grasses in east kavango region of namibia for plant growth promoting characteristics.a diverse group of soil bacteria known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) is able to inhabit the area close to plant roots and exert beneficial effects on plant growth. beneficial interactions between rhizospheric bacteria and plants provide prospects for isolating culturable pgpr that can be used as bio-fertilizers for sustainable crop production in communities that cannot easily afford chemical fertilizers. this study was conducted with the aim of isolating rhizospheric bacteria fr ...201526254764
the bifurcation of the cyanogenic glucoside and glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways.the biosynthetic pathway for the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum has previously been shown to involve the sequential production of (e)- and (z)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime. in this study we used microsomes prepared from wild-type and mutant sorghum or transiently transformed nicotiana benthamiana to demonstrate that cyp79a1 catalyzes conversion of tyrosine to (e)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime whereas cyp71e1 catalyzes conversion of (e)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime into the corresponding geo ...201526361733
phytoremediation potential of some agricultural plants on heavy metal contaminated mine waste soils, salem district, tamilnadu.the pot culture experiment performed for phytoextraction potential of selected agricultural plants [millet (eleusine coracana), mustard (brassica juncea), jowar (sorghum bicolor), black gram (vigna mungo), pumpkin (telfairia occidentalis)] grown in metal contaminated soils around the salem region, tamilnadu, india. physiochemical characterization of soils, reported as low to medium level of n, p, k was found in test soils. the cr content higher in mine soils than control and the values are 0.176 ...201626366709
biogas digestates affect crop p uptake and soil microbial community composition.fermentation residues from biogas production are known as valuable organic fertilisers. this study deals with the effect of cattle slurry, co-digested cattle slurry, co-digested energy crops and mineral fertilisers on the activity and composition of soil microbiota. furthermore, the effect of solid-liquid separation as a common pre-treatment of digestate was tested. the fertilising effects were analysed in an 8-week pot experiment on loamy sand using two crops, amaranthus cruentus and sorghum bi ...201626410342
in planta transformation of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) using tps1 gene for enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses.an in planta transformation protocol for sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) using shoot apical meristem of germinating seedlings is reported in this study. agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, lba4404 with pcambia1303 vector and construct pcambia1303tps1 were individually used for transformation. since, the transgene is integrated into the cells of already differentiated tissues, the t 0 plants were chimeric and stable integration was observed in t1 generation. β-glucuronidase (gus) expression i ...201526440081
metabolic engineering of light-driven cytochrome p450 dependent pathways into synechocystis sp. pcc 6803.solar energy provides the energy input for the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in plants and other photosynthetic organisms. some secondary metabolites are high value compounds, and typically their biosynthesis requires the involvement of cytochromes p450s. in this proof of concept work, we demonstrate that the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 is an eminent heterologous host for expression of metabolically engineered cytochrome p450-dependent pathways exemplified by th ...201626548317
inheritance and identification of a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) that confers resistance to meloidogyne incognita and a novel qtl for plant height in sweet sorghum.southern root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne incognita) are a pest on many economically important row crop and vegetable species and management relies on chemicals, plant resistance, and cultural practices such as crop rotation. little is known about the inheritance of resistance to m. incognita or the genomic regions associated with resistance in sorghum (sorghum bicolor). in this study, an f2 population (n = 130) was developed between the resistant sweet sorghum cultivar 'honey drip' and the susc ...201526574655
molecular characterization and in silico analysis of sorghum panallergens: profilin and polcalin.in india, 20-30% of the human population suffer from allergic rhinitis and 15% of them develop asthma. plant pollens are one of the causative aeroallergens and are mixture of a number of molecules including major and minor allergens (panallergens). profilin and polcalcin are the known pollen specific panallergens. allergenicity of the sorghum plant in andhra pradesh was found to be 54.9%. but the allergens responsible have not been characterized well. this study highlights identification and mol ...201526669015
safety of street-vended soy wara in nigeria.soy wara is a common ready-to-eat food whose production and sale are currently unregulated. microbiological sampling indicated that 21% of the samples had standard plate counts exceeding 100,000 cfu/g, and 14% had staphylococcus aureus counts higher than 100,000 cfu/g. the occurrence of s. aureus at these levels can result in food poisoning. listeria monocytogenes was isolated in 14.4% of the samples, although the counts were generally low, typically <1,000 cfu/g. although counts of l. monocytog ...201626735046
short communication an efficient method for simultaneous extraction of high-quality rna and dna from various plant tissues.determination of gene expression is an important tool to study biological processes and relies on the quality of the extracted rna. changes in gene expression profiles may be directly related to mutations in regulatory dna sequences or alterations in dna cytosine methylation, which is an epigenetic mark. correlation of gene expression with dna sequence or epigenetic mark polymorphism is often desirable; for this, a robust protocol to isolate high-quality rna and dna simultaneously from the same ...201526782533
relative fitness of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on seven host plants: a perspective for ipm in brazil.the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is a widespread pest of many cultivated and wild plants in europe, africa, asia, and australia. in 2013, this species was reported in brazil, attacking various host crops in the midwestern and northeastern regions of the country and is now found countrywide. aiming to understand the effects of different host plants on the life cycle of h. armigera, we selected seven species of host plants that mature in different seasons ...201626798139
in vitro activity of sorghum bicolor extracts, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, against toxoplasma gondii.we investigated dried red leaf extracts of sorghum bicolor for activity against toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. s. bicolor red leaf extracts were obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation using ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvents. analysis of the crude and fractionated extracts from s. bicolor using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms) showed that they contained significant amounts of apigeninidin, luteolinidin, 7-methoxyapigeninidin, 5-methoxyapigeninidin, 5-methoxyluteolinidin, ...201626855040
characterization of four bifunctional plant iam/pam-amidohydrolases capable of contributing to auxin biosynthesis.amidases [ec 3.5.1.4] capable of converting indole-3-acetamide (iam) into the major plant growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) are assumed to be involved in auxin de novo biosynthesis. with the emerging amount of genomics data, it was possible to identify over forty proteins with substantial homology to the already characterized amidases from arabidopsis and tobacco. the observed high conservation of amidase-like proteins throughout the plant kingdom may suggest an important role of theses ...201427135507
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