| development of a validation algorithm for 'present on admission' flagging. | the use of routine hospital data for understanding patterns of adverse outcomes has been limited in the past by the fact that pre-existing and post-admission conditions have been indistinguishable. the use of a 'present on admission' (or poa) indicator to distinguish pre-existing or co-morbid conditions from those arising during the episode of care has been advocated in the us for many years as a tool to support quality assurance activities and improve the accuracy of risk adjustment methodologi ... | 2009 | 19951430 |
| immunological characterization and distribution of three gnrh forms in the brain and pituitary gland of chub mackerel (scomber japonicus). | the presence of three gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) forms in the brain of the chub mackerel, scomber japonicus, namely, salmon gnrh (sgnrh), chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii), and seabream gnrh (sbgnrh), was confirmed by combined high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-fia). immunocytochemical localization of the three gnrh forms in the brain was investigated by using specific antisera, to elucidate possible roles of each gnrh form in reproduction i ... | 2009 | 19968470 |
| effects of photoperiod on kisspeptin neuronal populations of the ewe diencephalon in connection with reproductive function. | kisspeptin (kiss) is a key regulator of reproductive function in both prepubertal and adult mammals. its expression appears to vary throughout the year in seasonal species. we aimed to determine the impact of a change of photoperiod on the size of kiss neuronal populations found in the preoptic area (poa) and arcuate nucleus (arc) of the ewe brain. using immunocytochemistry, we first examined the proportion of neurones expressing kiss, using huc/d as a neuronal marker, at different time-points a ... | 2010 | 20002963 |
| lack of functional gaba(b) receptors alters gnrh physiology and sexual dimorphic expression of gnrh and gad-67 in the brain. | gaba, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, acts through gaba(a/c) and gaba(b) receptors (gaba(b)rs); it is critical for gonadotropin regulation. we studied whether the lack of functional gaba(b)rs in gaba(b1) knockout (gaba(b1)ko) mice affected the gonadotropin axis physiology. adult male and female gaba(b1)ko and wild-type (wt) mice were killed to collect blood and tissue samples. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) content in whole hypothalami (ht), olfactory bulbs (ob), and frontoparietal ... | 2010 | 20009027 |
| annual checkup: the cms pressure ulcer present-on-admission indicator. | purpose: to provide the wound care practitioner with information about the centers for medicare and medicaid services (cms) pressure ulcer present-on-admission (poa) indicators. target audience: this continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. objectives: after reading this article and taking this test, the reader should be able to: 1. describe the history and rationale for the cms financial incentives for pressure ulcer (pru) prev ... | 2009 | 20026923 |
| nurse staffing and post-surgical complications using the present on admission indicator. | we evaluated the relationship between registered nurse (rn) staffing and six post-surgical complications: pneumonia, septicemia, urinary tract infections, thrombophlebitis, fluid overload, and decubitus ulcers, in a dataset that contained the present on admission (poa) indicator. we analyzed a longitudinal panel of 283 acute care hospitals in california from 1996 to 2001. using an adaptation of the quality health outcomes model, we found no statistically significant relationships between rn staf ... | 2010 | 20014218 |
| effect of thyroid hormone depletion on monoamines and expression patterns of catfish gnrh in the air-breathing catfish, clarias gariepinus. | thyroid hormone is known to have profound effect on the efficient functioning of the reproductive system. the gnrh-gondaotropin (gth) axis is the crucial axis involved in regulation of the various aspects of reproduction like spermatogenesis, synthesis of sex steroids and regulation of courting and spawning behavior. earlier study from our laboratory has shown that thyroid hormone depletion causes a decrease in gth and gnrh levels in pituitary and preoptic area, respectively. gnrh secretion in p ... | 2005 | 20035457 |
| change in ms-drg assignment and hospital reimbursement as a result of centers for medicare & medicaid changes in payment for hospital-acquired conditions: is it coding or quality? | in october 2008, the centers for medicare & medicaid services reduced payments to hospitals for a group of hospital-acquired conditions (hacs) not documented as present on admission (poa). it is unknown what proportion of medicare severity diagnosis related group (ms-drg) assignments will change when the international classification of disease, 9th revision, clinical modification (icd-9-cm) diagnosis code for the hac is not taken into account even before considering the poa status. | 2010 | 20042930 |
| selecting tolerant grass seedlings and analyzing the possibility for using aged refuse as sward soil. | in order to test the possibility for recycling use of aged refuse as sward soil, the study determined the responses of lolium perenne l. (perennial ryegrass), festuca arundinacea (tall fescue), and poa annua (annual bluegrass) to its leaching. the growth of three seedlings was significantly inhibited after treatment, especially for longer treatment duration and higher concentration leaching; however, with the better growth and chlorophyll content for shorter time and lower concentration, tall fe ... | 2010 | 20036424 |
| endocrine traits of polycystic ovary syndrome in prenatally androgenized female sprague-dawley rats. | although hyperandrogenism is an important condition and is considered the possible pathogenesis behind polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos), data supporting this is still scarce. we sought to determine whether or not prenatal androgen exposure leads to pcos and the possible cellular mechanisms involved. to induce prenatal androgen exposure, pregnant rats were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of free testosterone (t) or dihydrotestosterone (dht) from embryonic days 16 to 19, and their femal ... | 2010 | 20057162 |
| phosphorus runoff from turfgrass as affected by phosphorus fertilization and clipping management. | phosphorus enrichment of surface water is a concern in many urban watersheds. a 3-yr study on a silt loam soil with 5% slope and high soil test p (27 mg kg(-1) bray p1) was conducted to evaluate p fertilization and clipping management effects on p runoff from turfgrass (poa pratensis l.) under frozen and nonfrozen conditions. four fertilizer treatments were compared: (i) no fertilizer, (ii) nitrogen (n)+potassium (k)+0xp, (iii) n+k+1xp, and (iv) n+k+3xp. phosphorus rates were 21.3 and 63.9 kg ha ... | 2010 | 20048316 |
| diffusion limitations and metabolic factors associated with inhibition and recovery of photosynthesis from drought stress in a c perennial grass species. | stomatal closure and metabolic impairment under drought stress limits photosynthesis. the objective of this study was to determine major stomatal and metabolic factors involved in photosynthetic responses to drought and recovery upon re-watering in a c(3) perennial grass species, kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.). two genotypes differing in drought resistance, 'midnight' (tolerant) and 'brilliant' (sensitive), were subjected to drought stress for 15 days and then re-watered for 10 days in gr ... | 2010 | 20070869 |
| photo-oxidation of low-volatility organics found in motor vehicle emissions: production and chemical evolution of organic aerosol mass. | recent research has proposed that low-volatility organic vapors are an important class of secondary organic aerosol (soa) precursors. mixtures of low-volatility organics were photo-oxidized in a smog chamber under low- and high-no(x) conditions. separate experiments addressed emission surrogates (diesel fuel and motor oil) and single components (n-pentacosane). both diesel fuel and motor oil are major components of exhaust from diesel engines. diesel fuel is a complex mixture of intermediate vol ... | 2010 | 20121083 |
| qsar modeling of a set of pyrazinoate esters as antituberculosis prodrugs. | tuberculosis is an infection caused mainly by mycobacterium tuberculosis. a first-line antimycobacterial drug is pyrazinamide (pza), which acts partially as a prodrug activated by a pyrazinamidase releasing the active agent, pyrazinoic acid (poa). as pyrazinoic acid presents some difficulty to cross the mycobacterial cell wall, and also the pyrazinamide-resistant strains do not express the pyrazinamidase, a set of pyrazinoic acid esters have been evaluated as antimycobacterial agents. in this wo ... | 2010 | 20099263 |
| leptin-sensitive neurons in mouse preoptic area express alpha 1a- and alpha 2a-adrenergic receptor isoforms. | leptin binding to its functional receptor stimulates the janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (jak-stat) signalling pathway, finally resulting in nuclear translocation of the phosphorylated stat3 (p-stat3). systemic treatment with leptin (3mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection) induced the appearance of p-stat3-immunoreactive cells in adult mouse preoptic area (poa). here we show that the vast majority of leptin-responsive cells were located in medial poa (mpoa), followed by ... | 2010 | 20080149 |
| dynamic changes in cytosolic and mitochondrial atp levels in pancreatic acinar cells. | previous studies of pancreatic acinar cells characterized the effects of ca(2+)-releasing secretagogues and substances, inducing acute pancreatitis on mitochondrial ca(2+), transmembrane potential, and nad(p)h, but dynamic measurements of the crucial intracellular adenosine triphosphate (atp) levels have not been reported. here we characterized the effects of these agents on atp levels in the cytosol and mitochondria. | 2010 | 20102715 |
| geographic and molecular variation in a natural plant transgene. | a pcr based survey of festuca ovina plants from populations around the southern part of the baltic sea demonstrates both geographic and molecular variation in the enzyme gene pgic2, horizontally transferred from a poa-species. our results show that pgic2-a natural functional nuclear transgene-is not a local ephemeral phenomenon but is present in a very large number of individuals. we find also that its frequency is geographically variable and that it appears in more than one molecular form. the ... | 2010 | 20128113 |
| ecotypic variation of summer dormancy relaxation associated with rainfall gradient in the geophytic grass poa bulbosa. | summer dormancy is an adaptive trait in geophytes inhabiting regions with a mediterranean climate, allowing their survival through the hot and dry summers. summer dormancy in poa bulbosa is induced by increasing day-length and temperature and decreasing water availability during spring. populations from arid habitats became dormant earlier than those from mesic habitats. relaxation of dormancy was promoted by the hot, dry summer conditions. here we test the hypothesis that dormancy relaxation is ... | 2010 | 20156924 |
| a computational tool for the efficient analysis of dose-volume histograms from radiation therapy treatment plans. | a histogram analysis in radiation therapy (hart) program was primarily developed to increase the efficiency and accuracy of dose-volume histogram (dvh) analysis of large quantities of patient data in radiation therapy research. the program was written in matlab to analyze patient plans exported from the treatment planning system (pinnacle 3 ) in the american association of physicists in medicine/radiation therapy oncology group (aapm/rtog) format. hart-computed dvh data was validated against man ... | 2010 | 20160690 |
| invitro application of gold nanoprobes in live neurons for phenotypical classification, connectivity assessment, and electrophysiological recording. | thermoregulatory neurons in the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus (poa) form synaptic networks, which affect responses that regulate body temperature. to characterize these pathways of activation, projections to effector control areas, like the dorsomedial hypothalamus (dmh), require labeling in live tissue slices. traditional fluorescent dyes label axon terminals near an injection site, but unfortunately, also that of nearby fibers of passage. here, we describe a novel methodology for ... | 2010 | 20170645 |
| the use of digital photos to assess visual cover for wildlife in rangelands. | grassland vegetation can provide visual cover for terrestrial vertebrates. the most commonly used method to assess visual cover is the robel pole. we test the use of digital photography as a more accurate and repeatable method. we assessed the digital photography method on four forage grassland species (pseudoroegneria spicata, festuca campestris, poa pratensis, achnatherum richardsonii). digital photos of 2-dimensional cutout silhouettes of three bird species sharp-tailed grouse, western meadow ... | 2010 | 20226585 |
| estrogen receptor {alpha} gene promoter 0/b usage in the rat sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. | the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) is two to four times larger in male rats than in females; however, the mechanism for the establishment of sexual dimorphism and the function of this nucleus is almost unknown. perinatal estrogen can cause sexual dimorphism via the estrogen receptor alpha (eralpha). recently, transgenic rats were generated that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) under the control of the eralpha gene promoter 0/b to tag eral ... | 2010 | 20185767 |
| morphology of mixed primary and secondary organic particles and the adsorption of spectator organic gases during aerosol formation. | primary organic aerosol (poa) and associated vapors can play an important role in determining the formation and properties of secondary organic aerosol (soa). if soa and poa are miscible, poa will significantly enhance soa formation and some poa vapor will incorporate into soa particles. when the two are not miscible, condensation of soa on poa particles forms particles with complex morphology. in addition, poa vapor can adsorb to the surface of soa particles increasing their mass and affecting ... | 2010 | 20194795 |
| phytoavailability and fractionation of lead and manganese in a contaminated soil after application of three amendments. | studies were conducted to determine the best management practice for immobilisation of toxic pb and mn in soil and the interaction of these metal contaminants with the associated plants. the research protocol comprises addition of soil amendments to accelerate physico-chemically driven sorption processes and growth of appropriate plant species to reduce physiologically driven uptake of pb and mn. lolium perenne l (perennial rye grass), festuca rubra l (creeping red fescue) and poa pratensis l (k ... | 2010 | 20219365 |
| hydrocyanic acid poisoning from poa aquatica. | | 1946 | 20262391 |
| a morphometric study of the preoptic area of the guinea pig. | the aim of the study was to provide the topography and morphometric characteristics of the preoptic area (poa) of the guinea pig. the study was carried out on the brains of sexually mature guinea pigs of both sexes. a uniform procedure was followed in the study of the paraffin-embedded brain tissue blocks of males and females. the blocks were cut in the coronal plane into 50 mm sections and stained according to the nissl method. the guinea pig poa consists of four parts: the medial preoptic area ... | 2010 | 20235045 |
| chromosome numbers in poa, agropyron, and elymus. | | 1946 | 20280149 |
| assessing the role of the medial preoptic area in ethanol-induced hypothermia. | administration of ethanol produces hypothermia. the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (poa/ah) contains warm- and cold-sensitive neurons that are important for temperature regulation. the present study evaluated the effect of ethanol on fos immunoreactivity (fos-ir) in the medial preoptic area (mpoa) and the effect of lesions to the mpoa on ethanol-induced hypothermia. rats receiving 1.5-g/kg ethanol showed an increase in fos-ir in the mpoa. however, lesions to the mpoa did not affect core bod ... | 2010 | 20302915 |
| customised bluegrass appliance reminder therapy. report of two cases. | background: thumb sucking habits make up the majority of oral habits. while thumb sucking is considered normal during the first two years of life, if it is not controlled and persists beyond the preschool period it may cause deleterious effects on dentofacial structures. reminder therapy using bluegrass appliance has been proven successful to intercept thumb sucking habit. case report: we present here two cases of thumb sucking habit in 7 and 10 year old children corrected by non- punitive remin ... | 2010 | 20359283 |
| exposure to cadmium-contaminated soils increases allergenicity of poa annua l. pollen. | pollution is considered as one main cause for the increase of allergic diseases. air pollutants may cause and worsen airway diseases and are probably able to make pollen allergens more aggressive. previous studies looked at traffic-related air pollution, but no data about the effects of polluted soils on pollen allergens are available. we aimed to assess the effects of plant exposure to cadmium-contaminated soil on allergenicity of the annual blue grass, poa annua l, pollen. | 2010 | 20374228 |
| century-old mystery of puccinia striiformis life history solved with the identification of berberis as an alternate host. | the life history of puccinia striiformis remains a mystery because the alternate host has never been identified. inoculation of grasses using aeciospores from naturally infected berberis chinensis and b. koreana resulted in infection on poa pratensis, producing uredinia typical of stripe rust caused by p. striiformis. analyses using real-time polymerase chain reaction and dna sequence confirmed the rust fungus as p. striiformis. pycnia and aecia were produced on b. chinensis, b. holstii, b. kore ... | 2010 | 20373963 |
| a thermosensory pathway mediating heat-defense responses. | afferent neural transmission of temperature sensation from skin thermoreceptors to the central thermoregulatory system is important for the defense of body temperature against environmental thermal challenges. here, we report a thermosensory pathway that triggers physiological heat-defense responses to elevated environmental temperature. using in vivo electrophysiological and anatomical approaches in the rat, we found that neurons in the dorsal part of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (lpbd) glu ... | 2010 | 20421477 |
| citalopram (antidepressant) administration causes sexual dysfunction in male mice through rf-amide related peptide in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. | citalopram is the most potent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (ssri) which is used as an antidepressant but causes sexual dysfunction. whether citalopram induced sexual dysfunction is a result of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh), kisspeptin or rf-amide related peptide (rfrp) alteration is unknown. in this study, we tested mice for sexual behavior after vehicle (0.9% nacl) and citalopram treatment (5 mg/kg) daily for 1 day (acute) and 21 or 28 days (chronic). effects of acute and chro ... | 2010 | 20381503 |
| the cost impact of hospital-acquired conditions among critical care patients. | the modifications introduced to the inpatient prospective payment system on october 1, 2008, to disallow payment for 8 secondary conditions, if not present on admission (poa), constitute a significant shift that is expected to be followed by similar steps by private payers. | 2010 | 20473198 |
| ion-permselective polyelectrolyte multilayer membrane installed with a ph-sensitive oxazine switch. | this paper describes a ph-responsive multilayer film composed of two layered components, namely poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (pah) and a copolymer of acrylic acid and [1,3]oxazine-modified acrylate (poa). the oxazine ring is an acidochromic chromophore and opens to form either cationic 3h-indolium or anionic hemiaminal in a ph-dependent manner. this structural transition was used to generate a net positive or negative charge on the membrane for selective ion permeation. interestingly, the reve ... | 2010 | 20426435 |
| enhanced physiologic discriminability of stop consonants with prolonged formant transitions in awake monkeys based on the tonotopic organization of primary auditory cortex. | many children with specific language impairment (sli) have difficulty in perceiving stop consonant-vowel syllables (e.g., /ba/, /ga/, /da/) with rapid formant transitions, but perform normally when formant transitions are extended in time. this influential observation has helped lead to the development of the auditory temporal processing hypothesis, which posits that sli is causally related to the processing of rapidly changing sounds in aberrantly expanded windows of temporal integration. we te ... | 2011 | 20435116 |
| similar numbers of neurons are generated in the male and female rat preoptic area in utero. | the birth date of neurons comprising the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the rat preoptic area (sdn-poa) was determined by bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) injections at a prescribed time during the embryonic period. calbindin immunostaining was used as a marker to identity the sdn-poa. the animals were bred from dams injected with brdu on days 14, 16 or 18 of pregnancy (fertilization defined as day 1). on day 15 after birth (pd), all offspring were euthanized and brain sections were prepared for histolog ... | 2010 | 20538023 |
| locus coeruleus neuronal activity during the sleep-waking cycle in mice. | using extracellular single-unit recordings in nonanesthetized, head-restrained mice, we examined spontaneous and evoked discharges of noradrenaline-containing locus coeruleus (na-lc) neurons across the sleep-waking cycle. the neurons were all characterized by triphasic broad action potentials. they discharged as either slow (<6 hz) tonic, single spikes or phasic clusters of spikes specific to wakefulness (w), the discharge rate being highest during active waking and significantly lower during qu ... | 2010 | 20542093 |
| computerized image analysis: texture-field orientation method for pectoral muscle identification on mlo-view mammograms. | to develop a new texture-field orientation (tfo) method that combines a priori knowledge, local and global information for the automated identification of pectoral muscle on mammograms. | 2010 | 20527563 |
| effect of maternal deprivation on the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and gnrh-associated peptide neurobiology in lambs during the transition from infancy to prepuberty. | using morphological criteria we describe the effect of maternal deprivation on the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and gnrh-associated peptide (gap) of the gnrh prohormone (prognrh) in the preoptic area (poa)-hypothalamus during the weaning period. the immunohistochemical gnrh- and gap-neuroanatomy was investigated in female 12-week-old weanling and maternally deprived lambs and 15-week-old weaned lambs. the gnrh-immunoreactive (ir) nerve elements in the poa were more numerous in weanling ... | 2010 | 20529810 |
| heading for disaster: fusarium graminearum on cereal crops. | summary the rapid global re-emergence of fusarium head blight disease of wheat and barley in the last decade along with contamination of grains with mycotoxins attributable to the disease have spurred basic research on the fungal causal agent. as a result, fusarium graminearum quickly has become one of the most intensively studied fungal plant pathogens. this review briefly summarizes current knowledge on the pathogenicity, population genetics, evolution and genomics of fusarium graminearum. tax ... | 2004 | 20565626 |
| prevalence and predictors of adverse events in older surgical patients: impact of the present on admission indicator. | to examine the effects of the present on admission (poa) indicator on the prevalence of and factors associated with postsurgical adverse events in older patients. | 2010 | 20566833 |
| management of anterior open bite and retention using the bluegrass hawley retainer. | | 2010 | 20496843 |
| ferritin concentrations in synovial fluid are higher in osteoarthritis patients with hfe gene mutations (c282y or h63d). | in view of the clinical similarities between polyarticular osteoarthritis (poa) with metacarpophalangeal (mcp) joint involvement and the arthropathy that occurs in hereditary haemochromatosis (hh), it was hypothesized that osteochondral damage in both disorders may be due to localized iron overload. accordingly, it was predicted that the concentration of ferritin in synovial fluid (sf) would be higher in oa patients with hfe gene mutations than in hfe wild-type (wt) oa patients. the aim of this ... | 2010 | 20560808 |
| effects of livestock grazing on grasshopper abundance on a native rangeland in montana. | livestock grazing can affect habitat quality for grasshoppers through effects on food and oviposition site availability, microclimate, and other factors. because of this, some authors have suggested that grazing programs can be used to help manage pest grasshopper populations. in a 6-yr study, we controlled access of cattle to replicated experimental plots on an agropyron spicatum/poa sandbergii pasture to create consistent year-to-year differences in postgrazing plant cover, with resultant affe ... | 2010 | 20550790 |
| hypothalamic expression of kiss1 and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone genes during the menstrual cycle of a non-human primate. | kisspeptin, the product of the kiss1 gene, stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) secretion; gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (gnih), encoded by the rf-amide-related peptide (rfrp) or npvf gene, inhibits the reproductive axis. in sheep, kisspeptin neurons are found in the lateral preoptic area (poa) and the arcuate nucleus (arc) and may be important for initiating the preovulatory gnrh/luteinizing hormone (lh) surge. gnih cells are located in the ovine dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ( ... | 2010 | 20574054 |
| cyclooxygenase-2/microsomal prostaglandin e synthase-1 complex in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus of the mouse: involvement through fever to intravenous lipopolysaccharide. | prostaglandin e₂ (pge₂) is now well established as a central effector of pyrogen fever. however, questions remain on the source, local vs. blood-borne, of the compound for the early phase of the typically biphasic fever (phases 1 and 2) to i.v. pyrogens. to verify the role of centrally formed pge₂, we examined the cyclooxygenase (cox)/prostaglandin e synthase (pges) complex through fever to i.v. lipopolysaccharide (lps). | 2010 | 20587000 |
| expression of orexin receptors 1 (ox1r) and 2 (ox2r) in the porcine hypothalamus during the oestrous cycle. | orexin a and b are hypothalamic peptides involved in the control of food intake, sleep patterns, autonomic and neuroendocrine systems. the biological actions of orexins are mediated via two g-protein coupled receptors, termed orexin receptor 1 (ox1r) and orexin receptor 2 (ox2r). the present study analyzed mrna and protein expressions of ox1r and ox2r in porcine hypothalamic structures engaged in gnrh production and secretion, preoptic area (poa), mediobasal hypothalamus (mbh), and stalk median ... | 2010 | 20610868 |
| the internal domain of hordeivirus movement protein tgb1 forms in vitro filamentous structures. | the 63 kda hordeivirus movement protein tgb1 of poa semilatent virus (the pslv tgb1 protein) forms viral ribonucleoprotein for virus transport within a plant. it was found using the dynamic laser light scattering technique that the internal domain of tgb1 protein forms in vitro high molecular weight complexes. according to results of atomic force microscopy, a part of these complexes is represented by globules of different sizes, while another part consists of extended filamentous structures. si ... | 2010 | 20636267 |
| fiber pathways and cortical connections of preoccipital areas in rhesus monkeys. | an understanding of visual function at the cerebral cortical level requires detailed knowledge of anatomical connectivity. cortical association pathways and terminations of preoccipital visual areas were investigated in rhesus monkeys by using the autoradiographic tracing technique. medial and adjacent dorsomedial preoccipital regions project via the occipitofrontal fascicle to the frontal lobe (dorsal area 6, and areas 8ad, 8b, and 46); via the dorsal portion of the superior longitudinal fascic ... | 2010 | 20653031 |
| seasonal changes in aromatase and androgen receptor, but not estrogen receptor mrna expression in the brain of the free-living male song sparrow, melospiza melodia morphna. | free-living male song sparrows experience three annually repeating life history stages associated with differential expression of sex steroid-dependent reproductive and aggressive behavior. in the breeding stage, they display reproductive and aggressive behavior and have elevated circulating testosterone levels. during molt, males show little or no aggression and no reproductive behavior, and have basal levels of circulating testosterone. in the non-breeding stage, they display high levels of ag ... | 2010 | 20653036 |
| proteomic analysis of diaminochlorotriazine (dact) adducts in three brain regions of wistar rats. | atrazine (atra) is the most commonly applied herbicide in the united states and is detected frequently in drinking water at significant levels. following oral exposure, metabolism of atra generates diaminochlorotriazine (dact), an electrophilic molecule capable of forming covalent protein adducts. at high doses, both atra and dact can disrupt the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (lh) surge in rats, thereby altering normal reproductive function. this research was designed to identify dact protein ... | 2010 | 20688138 |
| diagnoses of fipronil resistance in brazilian cattle ticks (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) using in vitro larval bioassays. | fipronil is a phenylpyrazolic insecticide that is widely used in agriculture and has been recently used to control the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. because of the serious problems associated with resistance to the available acaricides, this product has been used as an important alternative to control acaricide-resistant ticks. the objective of this work was to analyse the fipronil sensitivity of ticks that were collected from farms with a history of fipronil use by larval bi ... | 2010 | 20688434 |
| which allergen extract for grass pollen immunotherapy? an in vitro study. | grass pollen is a major cause of allergy throughout the world. the only treatment targeting the causes and not only the symptoms of allergy is specific immunotherapy (it). a number of controlled trials demonstrated the efficacy of it in grass pollen allergic subjects, most using extracts of multiple grasses but some using extracts of a single grass. the optimal grass extract for it has not yet been established. | 2010 | 20653430 |
| social status regulates kisspeptin receptor mrna in the brain of astatotilapia burtoni. | the brain controls reproduction in response to relevant external and internal cues. central to this process in vertebrates is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh1) produced in neurons of the hypothalamic-preoptic area (poa). gnrh1 released from the poa stimulates pituitary release of gonadotropins, which in males causes sperm production and concomitant steroid hormone release from the testes. kisspeptin, a neuropeptide acting via the kisspeptin receptor (kiss1r), increases gnrh1 release and is ... | 2010 | 20688063 |
| mri manifestation of novel superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the rat inner ear. | superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles hierarchically coated with oleic acid and pluronic f127 copolymers (poa@spion) have shown exceptional t2 contrast enhancement. the aim of the present work was to investigate the mri manifestation of poa@spion in the inner ear. | 2010 | 20662645 |
| developmental and hormone-induced epigenetic changes to estrogen and progesterone receptor genes in brain are dynamic across the life span. | sexual differentiation of the rodent brain occurs during a perinatal critical period when androgen production from the male testis is locally converted to estradiol in neurons, resulting in masculinization of adult sexual behavior. adult brain responses to hormones are programmed developmentally by estradiol exposure, but the mechanism(s) by which these changes are permanently organized remains poorly understood. activation of steroid receptors plays a major role in organization of the brain, an ... | 2010 | 20702577 |
| role of the lateral preoptic area and the bed nucleus of stria terminalis in the regulation of penile erection. | to elucidate the role of the preoptic area (poa) in the regulation of penile erection, we examined the effects of electrical stimulation in and around the poa on penile erection in rats, which was assessed by changes in pressure in the corpus spongiosum of the penis (csp) and electromyography (emg) of the bulbospongiosus (bs) muscle. in unanesthetized and anesthetized rats, four types of responses were induced by stimulation in and around the poa; (1) normal type responses, which were similar to ... | 2010 | 20705064 |
| herbivore and fungal pathogen exclusion affects the seed production of four common grassland species. | insect herbivores and fungal pathogens can independently affect plant fitness, and may have interactive effects. however, few studies have experimentally quantified the joint effects of insects and fungal pathogens on seed production in non-agricultural populations. we examined the factorial effects of insect herbivore exclusion (via insecticide) and fungal pathogen exclusion (via fungicide) on the population-level seed production of four common graminoid species (andropogon gerardii, schizachyr ... | 2010 | 20711408 |
| articular step-off and risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. evidence today. | the goal of treatment in intra-articular fractures is to obtain anatomical restoration of the articular surface and stable internal fixation. studies have attempted to specify how accurately an articular fracture needs to be reduced to minimise the chances of a poor clinical outcome. in this study, the current evidence with regard to articular step-offs and risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (poa) is evaluated. a literature review based on pre-specified criteria, revealed 36 articles for crit ... | 2010 | 20728882 |
| bridging allergologic and botanical knowledge in seasonal allergy: a role for phenology. | grass pollen is a worldwide cause of respiratory allergy. identifying the causative species is essential, for example for choosing the appropriate immunotherapy, because not all grass allergens are totally cross-reacting, and the pollen calendars provide only a gross estimate. phenologic analyses allow identification of the pollen release for each individual grass. | 2010 | 20800789 |
| seasonal changes in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone-i immunoreactivity in relation with testicular volume in adult male free-living european starlings (sturnus vulgaris). | birds from the temperate and cold zones show annual sexual activity accompanied by gonadal changes and fluctuation in their brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) levels. however, most of the studies were done on captive birds where the constant environment can profoundly modify periodical changes. therefore our aim was to reveal annual variations of hypothalamic and gonadal changes in male, free-living european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) captured directly from their natural environment. ... | 2010 | 20724271 |
| a novel developmental role for kisspeptin in the growth of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurites to the median eminence in the mouse. | the puberty- and fertility-regulating neuropeptide kisspeptin (kiss1) exerts dramatic effects on the physiology of adult gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurones as a master regulator of mammalian reproduction. given the action of kiss1 directly on adult gnrh neurones, and that kiss1 activates a signal transduction cascade involved in neurite growth in other neurones, we investigated whether kiss1 may play a role in the normal growth of gnrh neurites to the median eminence. a reverse tran ... | 2010 | 20722977 |
| restoration of foothills rough fescue grassland following pipeline disturbance in southwestern alberta. | the effects of pipeline construction and reclamation techniques on the restoration of rough fescue plant communities following pipeline construction in southwestern alberta, canada were evaluated after 7-40 years. the pipeline construction right-of-way (row) sites varied from no recovery of rough fescue grassland to moderate recovery. the row sites had a higher proportion of introduced grasses and forbs, less topsoil, and poorer rangeland health than the adjacent undisturbed grassland. within th ... | 2010 | 20801578 |
| effects of thermal processing on the in vitro bioaccessibility and microstructure of β-carotene in orange-fleshed sweet potato. | the effects of different preparation methods on the bioaccessibility of β-carotene in orange-fleshed sweet potato (ofsp), an important food crop in sub-saharan africa, have been evaluated using an in vitro digestion procedure. the preparation methods included, on fresh roots, boiling followed by puréeing and oil addition (bol) and homogenization followed by boiling and oil addition (hom); on milled flour from freeze-dried fresh roots, cooking of porridge followed by oil addition (poa) and oil a ... | 2010 | 20886817 |
| plants growing on contaminated and brownfield sites appropriate for use in organisation for economic co-operation and development terrestrial plant growth test. | the organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd) terrestrial plant test is often used for the ecological risk assessment of contaminated land. however, its origins in plant protection product testing mean that the species recommended in the oecd guidelines are unlikely to occur on contaminated land. six alternative species were tested on contaminated soils from a former zn smelter and a metal fragmentizer with elevated concentrations of cd, cu, pb, and zn. the response of the al ... | 2011 | 20853450 |
| [runoff and sediment processes and anti-erosion effects of grass-covered earth road in loess hilly region]. | a laboratory simulation test with slope-adjustable steel tank and artificial rainfall was conducted to study the runoff and sediment processes of uncovered and poa pratensis l.-planted earth roads, and the anti-erosion effects of p. pratensis-planted earth road. at the same rainfall intensity and slope, the runoff coefficient of p. pratensis-planted earth road was larger than that of uncovered earth road. for the two kinds of earth roads, their runoff coefficients all increased with increasing r ... | 2010 | 20879538 |
| fructan accumulation and transcription of candidate genes during cold acclimation in three varieties of poa pratensis. | poa pratensis, a type species for the grass family (poaceae), is an important cool season grass that accumulates fructans as a polysaccharide reserve. we studied fructan contents and expression of candidate fructan metabolism genes during cold acclimation in three varieties of p. pratensis adapted to different environments: northern norway, denmark, and the netherlands. fructan content increased significantly during cold acclimation and varieties showed significant differences in the level of fr ... | 2010 | 20880605 |
| taxonomic study of stripe rust, puccinia striiformis sensu lato, based on molecular and morphological evidence. | phylogenetic analyses of its and β-tubulin dna sequences for 30 puccinia striiformis specimens from wide geographic and host ranges revealed four strongly supported monophyletic lineages. based on comparisons of morphological characteristics, and after consideration of previous classifications, the lineages were recognized as p. striiformis sensu stricto, puccinia pseudostriiformis, puccinia striiformoides and one new species, puccinia gansensis. a new series (puccinia series striiformis) was er ... | 2010 | 20943198 |
| differential effects of 17β-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone on the endocrine stress response in zebrafish (danio rerio). | sexually dimorphic stress responses are present in species across all vertebrate taxa and it has been suggested that these effects are mediated by circulating sex steroids. while a few species of fish have been identified as having a sexually dimorphic stress response, there is conflicting evidence as to the effects of sex steroids on the stress axis. in this study, we tested whether zebrafish exhibit a sexually dimorphic cortisol stress response and whether 17β-estradiol (e2) or 11-ketotestoste ... | 2010 | 20977907 |
| prevalence of an intraspecific neotyphodium hybrid in natural populations of stout wood reed (cinna arundinacea l.) from eastern north america. | members of genus neotyphodium are asexual derivatives of sexual epichloë species and maintain endophytic relationships with many cool-season grasses. most neotyphodium species analyzed so far are interspecific hybrids with combined or partial genomes of two or three ancestral species. in this study we characterized neotyphodium isolates from cinna arundinacea, a perennial cool-season grass from eastern north america. a total of 23 isolates grouping into two distinct morphotypes were obtained fro ... | 2010 | 20943524 |
| do the costs and benefits of fungal endophyte symbiosis vary with light availability? | • here, we examined whether fungal endophytes modulated host plant responses to light availability. first, we conducted a literature review to evaluate whether natural frequencies of endophyte symbiosis in grasses from shaded habitats were higher than frequencies in grasses occupying more diverse light environments. then, in a glasshouse experiment, we assessed how four levels of light and the presence of endophyte symbioses affected the growth of six grass species. • in our literature survey, e ... | 2010 | 20955417 |
| structure of the natural transgene pgic2 in the common grass festuca ovina. | a horizontal gene transfer has brought an active nuclear gene, pgic2, from a polyploid poa species (p. palustris or a close relative) into the common grass sheep's fescue (festuca ovina). the donor and the receptor species are strictly reproductively separated, and pgic2 occurs in a polymorphic state within f. ovina. the active gene copy is normally closely linked to a very similar pseudogene. | 2010 | 20976007 |
| 4-formylaminooxyvinylglycine, an herbicidal germination-arrest factor from pseudomonas rhizosphere bacteria. | a new oxyvinylglycine has been identified as a naturally occurring herbicide that irreversibly arrests germination of the seeds of grassy weeds, such as annual bluegrass (poa annua), without significantly affecting the growth of established grass seedlings and mature plants or germination of the seeds of broadleaf plant species (dicots). previously, pseudomonas fluorescens wh6 and over 20 other rhizosphere bacteria were isolated and selected for their ability to arrest germination of p. annua se ... | 2010 | 20979386 |
| stripe smut (ustilago striaeformis) in relation to bluegrass improvement. | | 1946 | 21015647 |
| characterisation of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin/neurokinin b neuronal projections and regulation during lactation in the rat. | lactation results in negative energy balance in the rat leading to decreased gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) release and anoestrus. inhibited gnrh release may be a result of decreased stimulatory tone from neuropeptides critical for gnrh neuronal activity, such as kisspeptin (kiss1) and neurokinin b (nkb). the present study aimed to identify neuronal projections from the colocalised population of kiss1/nkb cells in the arcuate nucleus (arh) using double-label immunohistochemistry to deter ... | 2011 | 21029216 |
| expression of fos and in vivo median eminence release of lhrh identifies an active role for preoptic area kisspeptin neurons in synchronized surges of lh and lhrh in the ewe. | we tested the working hypothesis that fos will identify the critical population of kisspeptin neurons that accompanies the lhrh surge using a synchronized follicular phase model in intact cycling ewes. the model generates an lh surge that starts within a defined 2-h window in a 20-d synchronized cycle. with a modified push-pull cannula in vivo lhrh release from the median eminence was sampled in luteal phase ewes, ewes undergoing an lh surge for 2-4 h, and postsurge animals whose lh surge peaked ... | 2010 | 21047947 |
| synergism between demethylation inhibitor fungicides or gibberellin inhibitor plant growth regulators and bifenthrin in a pyrethroid-resistant population of listronotus maculicollis (coleoptera: curculionidae). | in 2007-2008, the "annual bluegrass weevil," listronotus maculicollis kirby (coleoptera: curculionidae), a serious pest of poa annua l. (poales: poaceae) on u.s. golf courses, was shown to be resistant to two pyrethroids, bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. in 2008, we showed that bifenthrin resistance was principally mediated by oxidase detoxification (cytochrome p450 [p450]). p450s can be inhibited by demethylation inhibitor fungicides and gibberellin inhibitor plant growth regulators, both of ... | 2010 | 21061984 |
| differential metabolic responses of perennial grass cynodon transvaalensis×cynodon dactylon (c₄) and poa pratensis (c₃) to heat stress. | differential metabolic responses to heat stress may be associated with variations in heat tolerance between cool-season (c₃) and warm-season (c₄) perennial grass species. the main objective of this study was to identify metabolites associated with differential heat tolerance between c₄ bermudagrass and c₃ kentucky bluegrass by performing metabolite profile analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. plants of kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis'midnight') and hybrid bermudagrass (cynodon ... | 2010 | 21114672 |
| c-reactive protein predicts response to infliximab in patients with chronic sarcoidosis. | this study assessed the value of c-reactive protein as a predictor of disease severity and response to infliximab therapy in patients with chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis. | 2010 | 21086905 |
| theoretical versus observed gas-particle partitioning of carbonyl emissions from motor vehicles. | a state-of-the-science thermodynamic model describing gas-particle absorption processes was used to predict the gas-particle partitioning of mixtures of approximately 60 carbonyl compounds emitted from low-emission gasoline-powered vehicles, three-way catalyst gasoline-powered vehicles, heavy-duty diesel vehicles under the idle-creep condition (hddv idle), and heavy-duty diesel vehicles under the five-mode test (hddv 5-mode). exhaust was diluted by a factor of 120-580 with a residence time of ap ... | 2010 | 21090551 |
| aromatase mrna in the brain of adult green anole lizards: effects of sex and season. | neural testosterone metabolism, particularly the synthesis of oestradiol (e(2)) via the aromatase enzyme, is important for sexual behaviours in many vertebrates. in green anole lizards, e(2) metabolised from testosterone facilitates female receptivity and increases sexual motivation in males. testosterone treatment increases aromatase activity in the whole brain homogenates of gonadectomised male, but not female, anoles, which is an effect limited to the breeding season (bs). to investigate the ... | 2011 | 21121975 |
| olfactory preference in the male rat depends on multiple chemosensory inputs converging on the preoptic area. | both volatile and nonvolatile molecules are involved in chemosensory communication in rodents. volatile odors from physically inaccessible estrous females induced increased numbers of c-fos-positive cells in the preoptic area (poa) and in the cortical nucleus of the amygdala (coa) of male rats. the numbers of c-fos-positive cells in the medial nucleus of the amygdala (mea) increased in response to the nonvolatile odors of bedding soiled with the excreta of estrous females. in an alternate choice ... | 2010 | 21094648 |
| expression of a novel chitinase by the fungal endophyte in poa ampla. | many wild and cultivated cool-season grass species are naturally infected with fungal endophytes of the genera neotyphodium and epichloë. these associations generally are considered mutualistic with the plants benefiting from reduced herbivory and the fungi benefiting from nutrients supplied by the plants. the fungi secrete proteins that might have a role in the interspecies symbiosis. in the interaction between poa ampla merr. and the endophyte neotyphodium sp., a fungal chitinase was detected ... | 2004 | 21148875 |
| contribution of primary and secondary sources to organic aerosol and pm2.5 at search network sites. | chemical tracer methods for determining contributions to primary organic aerosol (poa) are fairly well established, whereas similar techniques for secondary organic aerosol (soa), inherently complicated by time-dependent atmospheric processes, are only beginning to be studied. laboratory chamber experiments provide insights into the precursors of soa, but field data must be used to test the approaches. this study investigates primary and secondary sources of organic carbon (oc) and determines th ... | 2010 | 21141432 |
| sex-specific changes in preoptic regulatory factor-1 and preoptic regulatory factor-2 mrna expression in the rat brain during development. | preoptic regulatory factor-1 (porf-1) and preoptic regulatory factor-2 (porf-2) are two novel peptide genes which are expressed in the central nervous system. expression is modified by age and by hormones of the reproductive system. in this study nuclease protection assays were employed to investigate porf-1 and porf-2 mrna expression in the cerebral cortex (cc), hippocampus (hipp), preoptic area (poa) and medial basal hypothalamus (mbh) of male and female rats, aged 15, 30 and 60 days. porf-1 a ... | 1995 | 21153245 |
| effects of the unilateral implant of haloperidol at the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area, on ovulation. | in order to analyse whether the participation of the dopaminergic system of the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area (poa-aha) in the regulation of ovulation is asymmetric and varies during the estrous cycle of the rat, as it occurs with the cholinergic system, the effects of a unilateral implant of haloperidol were studied. cyclic fourth-day rats with a permanent cannula directed to the right or left side of the poa-aha, at 13:00 h of estrous (e), diestrous 1 or 2 (d1, d2) or proestrus (p), rece ... | 1995 | 21153240 |
| climate sensitivity of gaseous elemental mercury dry deposition to plants: impacts of temperature, light intensity, and plant species. | foliar accumulations of gaseous elemental mercury (gem) were measured in three plant species between nominal temperatures of 10 and 30 °c and nominal irradiances of 0, 80, and 170 w m(-2) (300 nm-700 nm) in a 19 m(3) controlled environment chamber. the plants exposed were as follows: white ash (fraxinus americana; wa); white spruce (picea glauca; ws); and kentucky bluegrass (poa partensis; kybg). foliar enrichments in the mercury stable isotope ((198)hg) were used to measure mercury accumulation ... | 2010 | 21142175 |
| characterization of aromatase cytochrome p-450 mrna in rat perinatal brain, ovary and a leydig tumor cell line: evidence for the existence of brain specific aromatase transcripts. | the conversion of androgens to estrogens is catalyzed by the aromatase cytochrome p-450 (p-450(arom)) in a veriety of tissues and cell types in vertebrates. the manner in which aromatase activity is regulated appears to be quite different, even between different tissues of a single species. in the current study, we have determined the sequence of the 5' end of the aromatase mrna in a rat leydig tumor cell line, r2c, and in three rat tissue [adult ovary, perinatal amygdala (amy), and medial basal ... | 1995 | 21153233 |
| gender differences in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 mrna, serotonin, and 5-hydroxytryptophan levels in the brain of catfish, clarias gariepinus, during sex differentiation. | tryptophan hydroxylase (tph) is the key regulator in serotonin (5-ht) biosynthesis that stimulates the release of gnrh and gonadotropins by acting at the level of hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. in brain, 5-ht is expressed predominantly in preoptic area-hypothalamus (poa-hyp) region in teleosts. therefore, in the present study we isolated tph2 from catfish brain to evaluate its expression pattern in male and female brains during early development. tph2 cloned from catfish brain is 2.768 kb in leng ... | 2010 | 21156177 |
| native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) from mountain grassland (cordoba, argentina) i. seasonal variation of fungal spore diversity. | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) were studied in the rhizosphere of 3 poaceae with metabolic pathway c(3) (briza subaristata lam., deyeuxia hieronymi (hack.) türpe and poa stuckertii (hack.) parodi), 2 poaceae with c(4) metabolic type (eragrostis lugens nees and sorghastrum pellitum (hack.) parodi.), and a rosaceae (alchemilla pinnata ruíz & pav.) from a natural mountain grassland in central argentina (south america). host species, their metabolic type, seasonal changes, and grazing effects ov ... | 2002 | 21156531 |
| the evolutionary origins of three new neotyphodium endophyte species from grasses indigenous to the southern hemisphere. | members of the genus neotyphodium are asexual, seedborne, protective fungal endophytes of cool season grasses that have likely evolved either directly from sexual epichloë; species, or by the interspecific hybridization of distinct lineages of epichloë; and neotyphodium. we investigated the evolutionary origins of neotyphodium endophytes from several grasses that are indigenous to the southern hemisphere using a multiple-gene phylogenetic approach. intron regions of the genes encoding β-tubulin ... | 2002 | 21156542 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a mountain grassland ii: seasonal variation of colonization studied, along with its relation to grazing and metabolic host type. | the relationships among seasons, host metabolic type, grazing and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization were analyzed in a high south american native grassland. this study investigated seasonal changes and grazing effects on the symbiotic endomycorrhizal interaction in 5 poaceae [c(3) metabolic pathway: briza subaristata lam., deyeuxia hieronymi (hack.) türpe and poa stuckertii (hack.) parodi; with c(4) metabolic pathway: eragrostis lugens nees and sorghastrum pellitum (hack.) parodi; and a rosace ... | 2003 | 21156629 |
| effect of amendments on phytoavailability and fractionation of copper and zinc in a contaminated soil. | the ability of amendments to modify the soil properties and influence plants to immobilise cu and zn was studied in a naturally contaminated, additionally spiked podzolic soil. lolium perenne l (perennial rye grass), festuca rubra l (creeping red fescue) and poa pratensis l (kentucky blue grass) were tested in a pot study in the presence of soil amendments (lime, phosphate, and compost, individually and in combination) to assess the effect of soil-plant-amendment interaction on phytostabilisatio ... | 2010 | 21166277 |
| ccl22/mdc, is a prostaglandin dependent pyrogen, acting in the anterior hypothalamus to induce hyperthermia via activation of brown adipose tissue. | cc chemokine ligand 22 (ccl22) is a selective, high affinity ligand at the cc chemokine receptor 4 (ccr4). we have identified cdnas encoding both ligand and receptor of the ccl22-ccr4 pair in cdna libraries of the anterior hypothalamus/pre-optic area (ah/poa) by pcr. the ah/poa is the key brain region where endogenous pyrogens have been shown to act on warm sensitive neurons to affect thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (bat) and other thermogenically responsive tissues. we show that functiona ... | 2010 | 21177120 |
| 17β-estradiol and progesterone regulate multiple progestin signaling molecules in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, ventromedial nucleus and sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in female rats. | recent work identified novel progestin signaling molecules, including progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (pgrmc1), pgrmc2, serpine mrna binding protein 1 (serbp1), progestin and adiponectin receptors 7 (paqr7) and paqr8. these molecules mediate rapid progesterone (p(4)) effects in non-neural tissue and we recently mapped their expression in the brain. many rapid effects of p(4) require 17β-estradiol (e(2)) and p(4) priming; therefore, we examined the effects of ovarian hormones on the ex ... | 2010 | 21185909 |
| endocrine disruption of brain sexual differentiation by developmental pcb exposure. | in mammals, sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus occurs during prenatal and early postnatal development due in large part to sex differences in hormones. these early organizational processes are critically important for the attainment and maintenance of adult reproductive functions. we tested the hypothesis that perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) that disrupt hormonal pathways would perturb reproductive maturation and the sexually dimorphic development of neuroendocrine ... | 2010 | 21190954 |
| mechanisms of vegetation-ring formation in water-limited systems. | a common patch form in dryland landscapes is the vegetation ring. vegetation patch formation has recently been attributed to self-organization processes that act to increase the availability of water to vegetation patches under conditions of water scarcity. the view of ring formation as a water-limited process, however, has remained largely unexplored. using laboratory experiments and model studies we identify two distinct mechanisms of ring formation. the first mechanism pertains to conditions ... | 2010 | 21187102 |
| towards a better understanding of the generation of fructan structure diversity in plants: molecular and functional characterization of a sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-sft) cdna from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). | the main storage compounds in lolium perenne are fructans with prevailing β(2-6) linkages. a cdna library of l. perenne was screened using poa secunda sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-sft) as a probe. a full-length lp6-sft clone was isolated as shown by heterologous expression in pichia pastoris. high levels of lp6-sft transcription were found in the growth zone of elongating leaves and in mature leaf sheaths where fructans are synthesized. upon fructan synthesis induction, lp6-sft tran ... | 2010 | 21196473 |
| formation of protein complexes containing plant virus movement protein tgbp3 is necessary for its intracellular trafficking. | cell-to-cell movement of poa semilatent virus (genus hordeivirus) in infected plants is mediated by three viral 'triple gene block' (tgb) proteins. one of those termed tgbp3 is an integral membrane protein essential for intracellular transport of other tgb proteins and viral genomic rna to plasmodesmata. tgbp3 targeting to plasmodesmata-associated sites is believed to involve an unconventional mechanism which does not employ endoplasmic reticulum-derived transport vesicles. previously tgbp3 has ... | 2011 | 21251950 |