| patterns of variation in the seasonal dynamics of listronotus maculicollis (coleoptera: curculionidae) populations on golf course turf. | listronotus maculicollis (kirby) is a burgeoning pest of poa annua l. in the northeast united states. to develop an understanding of its spatial and temporal association with golf course landscapes, we described the patterns of variation in certain population parameters across site (fayetteville and ithaca, ny), year (2004-2006), and management habitat (fairway, intermediaterough, rough). in weekly surveys along fairway transects, we sampled larvae (identified to instar) by soil core extraction ... | 2008 | 19161687 |
| the anterolateral projections of the medial basal hypothalamus affect sleep. | the role of the medial basal hypothalamus (mbh) and the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area (ah/poa) in sleep regulation was investigated using the halász knife technique to sever mbh anterior and lateral projections in rats. if both lateral and anterior connections of the mbh were cut, rats spent less time in non-rapid eye movement sleep (nrems) and rapid eye movement sleep (rems). in contrast, if the lateral connections remained intact, the duration of nrems and rems was normal. the diurnal rh ... | 2009 | 19193940 |
| identification of hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infections from medicare claims: sensitivity and positive predictive value. | hospital-acquired catheter-associated urinary tract infection (cauti) is one of the first 6 conditions medicare is targeting to reduce payment associated with hospital-acquired conditions under congressional mandate. this study was to determine the positive predictive value (ppv) and sensitivity in identifying patients in medicare claims who had urinary catheterization and who had hospital-acquired cautis. | 2009 | 19194330 |
| estradiol modulates behavioral arousal and induces changes in gene expression profiles in brain regions involved in the control of vigilance. | estrogens reduce lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase (l-pgds) expression in a region-dependent manner in the mouse preoptic area (poa). this result linked sex hormones with sleep-wake cycle regulation. in turn, the somnogenic effects of prostaglandin d(2) have been shown to be mediated via increases in adenosine, and a select group of sleep-active ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (vlpo) neurons are directly activated by adenosine 2a (a(2a)) agonists. we hypothesized that increased arousal afte ... | 2009 | 19200066 |
| effect of altitude on the genetic structure of an alpine grass, poa hiemata. | the persistence of plants inhabiting restricted alpine areas under climate change will depend upon many factors including levels of genetic variation in adaptive traits, population structure, and breeding system. | 2009 | 19208670 |
| ovarian steroid regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase gene expression in individual hypothalamic nuclei. | abstract the possibility that steroids exert their effects on luteinizing hormone (lh) and prolactin release and female sexual behaviour via altering gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) synthesis within the hypothalamus was investigated. ovariectomized rats were treated with either oil, 5 mug oestradiol benzoate (ob) or 5 mug ob plus 0.5 mg progesterone (p) 48 h later; autopsy was carried out 54 h after the ob injection. at this time, both steroid treatments stimulated prolactin release and lordotic ... | 1990 | 19215370 |
| strategies to use phytoextraction in very acidic soil contaminated by heavy metals. | in microcosm experiments, the use of inorganic and organic amendments has been studied as potential agents to reduce heavy metal bioavailability in an acidic soil highly contaminated by cu, zn and ni, that has to be remediated by phytoremediation. the concentrations of heavy metals in the original soil (o-soil) produced phytotoxic effects with a strong reduction in biomass yield that hinder the utilization of this technology. to overcome phytotoxicity the use of three immobilizing agents was eva ... | 2009 | 19217142 |
| gonadal steroid action and brain sex differentiation in the rat. | gonadal steroids that establish sexually dimorphic characteristics of brain morphology and physiology act at a particular stage of ontogeny. testosterone secreted by the testes during late gestational and neonatal periods causes significant brain sexual dimorphism in the rat. this results in both sex-specific behaviour and endocrinology in adults. sexual differentiation may be due to neurogenesis, migration or survival. each mechanism appears to be uniquely regulated in a site-specific manner. t ... | 2009 | 19226349 |
| sex differences and the roles of sex steroids in apoptosis of sexually dimorphic nuclei of the preoptic area in postnatal rats. | the brain contains several sexually dimorphic nuclei that exhibit sex differences with respect to cell number. it is likely that the control of cell number by apoptotic cell death in the developing brain contributes to creating sex differences in cell number in sexually dimorphic nuclei, although the mechanisms responsible for this have not been determined completely. the milieu of sex steroids in the developing brain affects sexual differentiation in the brain. the preoptic region of rats has t ... | 2009 | 19226350 |
| biological and anatomical evidence for kisspeptin regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of estrous horse mares. | the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of kisspeptin (kiss) on lh and fsh secretion in the seasonally estrous mare and to examine the distribution and connectivity of gnrh and kiss neurons in the equine preoptic area (poa) and hypothalamus. the diestrous mare has a threshold serum gonadotropin response to iv rodent kiss decapeptide (rkp-10) administration between 1.0 and 500 microg. administration of 500 microg and 1.0 mg rkp-10 elicited peak, mean, and area under the curve ... | 2009 | 19228887 |
| association between access block and time to parenteral opioid analgesia in renal colic: a pilot study. | to seek an association between access block and time to parenteral opioid analgesia (poa) in ed patients presenting with renal colic. | 2009 | 19254311 |
| confirmation of two major polyarticular osteoarthritis (poa) phenotypes--differentiation on the basis of joint topography. | previous studies of patients with primary hand and ankle osteoarthritis (oa) have suggested the presence of two major polyarticular oa (poa) phenotypes, designated type 1 and type 2. the former, characterised by sentinel distal interphalangeal (ip) (dip) or proximal ip (pip) joint oa resembles generalised oa (goa), whereas the latter characterised by sentinel metacarpophalangeal (mcp)2,3 oa, resembles the arthropathy associated with hereditary haemochromatosis (hh). the aim of this study was to ... | 2009 | 19264516 |
| state-dependent pattern of fos protein expression in regionally-specific sites within the preoptic area of the cat. | clinical and experimental data have shown that the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (poa) is involved in the generation and maintenance of nrem sleep. however, the activity of specific populations of poa neurons during rem sleep, nrem sleep and different waking conditions is still not firmly established. consequently, we performed a quantitative, regionally-specific analysis of the fos immunoreactivity of neurons in the poa of the cat during nrem sleep and rem sleep induced by microinjections o ... | 2009 | 19269274 |
| population dynamics along a primary succession gradient: do alpine species fit into demographic succession theory? | understanding processes and mechanisms governing changes in plant species along primary successions has been of major importance in ecology. however, to date hardly any studies have focused on the complete life cycle of species along a successional gradient, comparing pioneer, early and late-successional species. in this study it is hypothesized that pioneer species should initially have a population growth rate, lambda, greater than one with high fecundity rates, and declining growth rates when ... | 2009 | 19273477 |
| avermectin b1, isazofos, and fenamiphos for control of hoplolaimus galeatus and tylenchorhynchus dubius infesting poa annua. | avermectin b, isazofos, and fenamiphos were evaluated in greenhouse experiments for efficacy against two common turfgrass parasites, hoplolaimus galeatus and tylenchorhynchus dubius. treatments in all experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design and replicated four times. in the first experiment, avermectin b at rates of 0.2 and 0.4 kg a.i./ha and isazofos at rates of 2.3 and 23 kg a.i./ha significantly reduced populations of both species of parasitic nematodes compared to control ... | 1996 | 19277196 |
| root growth of bentgrass and annual bluegrass as influenced by coinfection with tylenchorhynchus nudus and magnaporthe poae. | a study was conducted in growth chambers to examine main factor and interaction effects of tylenchorhynchus nudus and magnaporthe poae on creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass at 24, 28, and 30 c. a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with presence and absence of t. nudus and m. poae as factors with each temperature run separately for 14 or 18 days. tylenchorhynchus nudus decreased bentgrass and annual bluegrass root length at all three temperatures. magnaporthe poae had no ... | 1994 | 19279874 |
| population fluctuations of three nematode genera in putting greens in northern illinois. | field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to examine the population fluctuation patterns of tylenchorhynchus nudus, criconemella curvata, and helicotylenchus cornurus in mixed bentgrass and annual bluegrass putting greens on two golf courses near chicago, illinois, to determine if fluctuation patterns could be extrapolated to unsampled greens. fenamiphos-treated and untreated plots were established on seven putting greens on two golf courses. greens were sampled intensively five times du ... | 1994 | 19279925 |
| influence of irrigation and heterorhabditis bacteriophora on plant-parasitic nematodes in turf. | daily irrigated, 80% pan replacement, and nonirrigated field plots of kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.) were inoculated with a mixture of steinernema carpocapsae (all strain) and heterorhabditis bacteriophora (hp-88 strain) in 1988. in 1989, daily irrigated and nonirrigated plots were inoculated with hp-88 alone. the turf and associated soil contained populations of tylenchorhynchus dubius, t. nudus, pratylenchus penetrans, paratylenchus projectus, and criconemella rustica. in irrigated plot ... | 1992 | 19283039 |
| relationship between cultural factors and nematodes on merion kentucky bluegrass. | a 2-year study was conducted on merion kentucky bluegrass turf (poa pratensis) to identify potential relationships among seasonal population dynamics of nematodes, chemical applications, thatch, tillering, dollar spot caused by sclerotinia homoeocarpa, clipping weight, and other factors. numbers of tylenchorhynchus maximus determined during june were inversely related to the wet weight of grass from may. one or more monthly counts of paratylenchus hamatus, criconemella rusium, and t. maximus neg ... | 1992 | 19283225 |
| characterization and mapping of sleep-waking specific neurons in the basal forebrain and preoptic hypothalamus in mice. | we recorded 872 single units across the complete sleep-waking cycle in the mouse preoptic area (poa) and basal forebrain (bfb), which are deeply involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness (w). of these, 552 were sleep-active, 96 were waking-active, 106 were active during both waking and paradoxical sleep (ps), and the remaining 118 were state-indifferent. among the 872, we distinguished slow-wave sleep (sws)-specific, sws/ps-specific, ps-specific, w-specific, and w/ps-specific neurons, ... | 2009 | 19285545 |
| taxonomy and postembryonic stages of the nematode predator odontopharynx longicaudata de man, 1912 (diplogasterida). | odontopharynx longicaudata (diplogasterida: odontopharyngidae) was found in soil around roots of poa annua l. growing on a golf course in san francisco, california. this is the first record of this species in the united states. populations of o. longicaudata were increased in the laboratory on the free-living nematode ucd acrobeloides no. 1 (rhabditida: cephalobidae). light microscopy was used to compare the morphology of fixed specimens from california and the netherlands. california specimens ... | 1989 | 19287598 |
| a new gall-forming species of anguina scopoli, 1777 (nemata: anguinidae) on bluegrass, poa annua l., from the coast of california. | anguina pacificae n. sp. is described and illustrated from stem galls on bluegrass, poa annua l., from golf courses along coastal california. the females are characterized by constrictions in the anterior and posterior connections of the isthmus with the respective parts of the esophagus, the long multicellular columella, and the sharply pointed tail tip. males are dorsally curved after death; body width is increased markedly after 13 annuli in both sexes, and the tail is conical and with an acu ... | 1984 | 19294043 |
| studies on the host range, biology, and pathogenicity of punctodera punctata infecting turfgrasses. | punctodera punctata completed its life cycle on poa annua (annual bluegrass), p. pratensis (merion kentucky bluegrass), lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), and festuca rubra rubra (spreading fescue). minimum time for completion of a life cycle from second-stage juvenile to mature brown cyst was 40 days at 22-28 c. inoculation by single juveniles indicated that reproduction was most likely by amphimixis. infestation levels of 50 or 500 juveniles/250 cm(3) soil did not affect top dry weight, root ... | 1985 | 19294077 |
| the brighter side of soils: quantum dots track organic nitrogen through fungi and plants. | soil microorganisms mediate many nutrient transformations that are central in terrestrial cycling of carbon and nitrogen. however, uptake of organic nutrients by microorganisms is difficult to study in natural systems. we assessed quantum dots (fluorescent nanoscale semiconductors) as a new tool to observe uptake and translocation of organic nitrogen by fungi and plants. we conjugated quantum dots to the amino groups of glycine, arginine, and chitosan and incubated them with penicillium fungi (a ... | 2009 | 19294917 |
| central cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist administration prevents endotoxic hypotension affecting norepinephrine release in the preoptic anterior hypothalamic area. | it is widely assumed that lps lowers arterial pressure during sepsis by stimulating release of tnf-alpha and other vasoactive mediators from macrophages. however, recent data from this and other laboratories have shown that lps hypotension can be prevented by inhibiting afferent impulse flow in the vagus nerve, by blocking neuronal activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract, or by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors in the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamic area (poa). these findings suggest ... | 2009 | 19295473 |
| morphological comparisons between xiphinema rivesi daimasso and x. americanum cobb populations from the eastern united states. | though in the past xiphinema americanum has been the most commonly reported dagger nematode in the eastern united states, our studies revealed the presence in pennsvlvania of a previously unrecognized and unreported species related to x. americanum, morphometric data and photomicrographs establish the identity of this form as x. rivesi and show expected variations in populations of this species from various locations. similar data and illustrations are given for x. americanum populations from pe ... | 1982 | 19295745 |
| population response to temperature in the subfamily tylenchorhynchinae. | the effects of temperature on population development of 11 species of stunt nematodes in the subfamily tylenchorhynchinae were compared on red clover or kentucky bluegrass in constant-temperature tanks at 5-degree intervals from 10 to 35 c. the optimum temperature for population increase on red clover in 90 days was 30 c for tylenchorhynchus agri, t. nudus, t. martini, and t. clarus, 25 c for t. sylvaticus and t. dubius, and 20 c for t. canalis, merlinius brevidens, and quinisulcius capitatus. t ... | 1980 | 19300663 |
| description and sem observations of dolichodorus marylandicus n. sp. with a key to species of dolichodorus. | dolichodorus marylandicus n. sp. is described and illustrated from grass (zoysia japonica) in college park, maryland. specimens have also been collected from perennial bluegrass (poa pratensis) pasture at beltsville, maryland, and from pine (pinus sp.) in north carolina. this new species is related to d. heterocephalus cobb, d. similis golden, and d. aestuarius chow &taylor. females are distinct in having a longer styler and shorter body length than d. aestuarius. the excretory pore is at the le ... | 1981 | 19300733 |
| nematicide treatments of turfgrass seed. | seed treatments of improved kentucky bluegrass and fescue cultivars with carbofuran, oxamyl, and phenamiphos dissolved in acetone reduced seedling emergence, but treatments were not extremely phytotoxic. phenamiphos was the most toxic, particularly at the 5,000 mug/ml concentration. fresh weight of grass clippings 35 d following planting generally was greater in treatments than in controls except for the 5,000 mug/ml phenamiphos treatments on certain cultivars. all nematicide seed treatments red ... | 1981 | 19300783 |
| effects of nematicides on nematode densities in turf in connecticut. | the plant-parasitic nematodes criconemoides lobatum, hoplolaimus tylenchiformis, and tylenchorhynchus dubius were present in the top 7.5 cm of sod consisting of numerous stolons and fibrous roots. phenamiphos and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (dbcp) controlled all three species, whereas ethoprop and oxamyl controlled h. tylenchiformis and t. dubius but not c. lobatum. benomyl and carbofuran controlled h. tylenchiformis but had poor control of c. lobatum and t. dubius. the effectiveness of carbofur ... | 1978 | 19305826 |
| pathogenic potential of tylenchorhynchus dubius on selected turfgrass. | tylenchorhynchus dubius was observed to feed on 'toronto' creeping bentgrass and 'merion' kentucky bluegrass, and was a key participant in reducing the vegetative growth of both grass species. the severity of foliar and root macrosymptoms incited by t. dubius to 'toronto' bentgrass was greater on plants grown at 16 c than on plants maintained at 21, 27 and 32 c. these parasitized plants exhibited a suppression of secondary stolon formation, shortened internodes and premature inflorescence initia ... | 1972 | 19319280 |
| effect of tylenchorhynchus nudus on growth of kentucky bluegrass. | the effect of tylenchorhynchus nudus on growth of kentucky bluegrass was investigated under controlled environmental conditions in both a phytotron and a greenhouse. the nematode significantly reduced weights of clippings, crowns and roots. pathogenicity was greater in sandy loam soil than in loam and was enhanced by submitting plants to nutrient and/or moisture stresses; soil nutrient level was most critical. the results suggest that t. nudus contributes significantly to summer decline of blueg ... | 1973 | 19319349 |
| different populations of prostaglandin ep3 receptor-expressing preoptic neurons project to two fever-mediating sympathoexcitatory brain regions. | the central mechanism of fever induction is triggered by an action of prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) on neurons in the preoptic area (poa) through the ep3 subtype of prostaglandin e receptor. ep3 receptor (ep3r)-expressing poa neurons project directly to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (dmh) and to the rostral raphe pallidus nucleus (rrpa), key sites for the control of thermoregulatory effectors. based on physiological findings, we hypothesize that the febrile responses in brown adipose tissue (bat) a ... | 2009 | 19327390 |
| mineral concentration in selected native temperate grasses with potential use as biofuel feedstock. | stands of native grasses along roadways, in buffer strips, riparian zones and grass prairies have potential utility as feedstock for bioenergy production. the sustainability of harvesting these stands is reliant, in part, on knowledge of the mineral concentration of the harvested grasses because removal of mineral nutrients such as phosphorus (p) and potassium (k) can impact subsequent biomass production and ecosystem services associated with these stands. mineral content of biomass, particularl ... | 2009 | 19329307 |
| mathematical modeling of allelopathy. iii. a model for curve-fitting allelochemical dose responses. | bioassay techniques are often used to study the effects of allelochemicals on plant processes, and it is generally observed that the processes are stimulated at low allelochemical concentrations and inhibited as the concentrations increase. a simple empirical model is presented to analyze this type of response. the stimulation-inhibition properties of allelochemical-dose responses can be described by the parameters in the model. the indices, p% reductions, are calculated to assess the allelochem ... | 2003 | 19330111 |
| improvement of cognitive test performance in patients undergoing primary cabg and other cpb-assisted cardiac procedures. | cardiac surgical procedures assisted by cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb) impair cognitive functions. several studies, however, showed that cognitive functions were unaffected in patients undergoing either primary coronary artery bypass grafting (cabg) or more complex surgery assisted by cpb. therefore, we conducted a straightforward study to compare patient groups who differed significantly in terms of risk factors such as prolonged cpb times. consecutive patients (n = 54) were included, undergoing ... | 2008 | 19346264 |
| food and feeding preferences of himalayan gray goral (naemorhedus goral bedfordi) in pakistan and azad jammu and kashmir. | himalayan gray goral is endemic to himalayas and hindukush ranges. analysis of 15 fecal samples and field observations from different areas of pakistan and azad kashmir suggest that goral consumes foliage of a minimum of 28 plant species. trees, shrubs and grasses appear in the ratio of 1:36:63 and hence the species is a grazer, though may opt for browsing when forced. the species mainly subsists on six species of grasses (chrysopogon aucheri=17.97%, themeda anathera=13.03%, poa pratensis=11.23% ... | 2008 | 19360631 |
| water deficit and induction of summer dormancy in perennial mediterranean grasses. | summer dormancy is a trait conferring superior drought survival in mediterranean perennial grasses. as the respective roles of environmental factors and water deficit on induction of summer dormancy are unclear, the effect of intense drought were tested under contrasting day lengths in a range of forage and native grasses. | 2009 | 19369219 |
| discrepancy between admission and discharge diagnoses as a predictor of hospital length of stay. | the addition of clinical data or present on admission (poa) codes to administrative databases improves the accuracy of predicting clinical outcomes, such as inpatient mortality. other poa information may also explain variation in hospital outcomes, such as length of stay (los), but this potential has not been previously explored. | 2009 | 19388065 |
| use of disposed waste ash from landfills to replace portland cement. | in this study, waste ash was utilized as a pozzolanic material in blended portland cement in order to reduce negative environmental effects and landfill volume required to dispose of waste ash. the influence of waste ash, namely palm oil fuel ash, rice husk ash and fly ash on compressive strength and sulfate resistance in mortar were studied and evaluated by some accelerated short-term techniques in sodium sulfate solutions. ordinary portland cement (opc) was partially replaced with ground palm ... | 2009 | 19423600 |
| distribution, biology and pathology of anguina pacificae. | anguina pacificae is distributed along a narrow strip on the pacific coast of northern california where it forms galls on the shoots of poa annua and causes significant damage to golf course greens. methods were developed for the continuous propagation of a. pacificae on p. annua in growth chambers, and they were used to examine the life cycle and host-parasite relationships of the nematode. at a mean temperature of 20 degrees c (22 degrees c day/18 degrees c night) the life cycle was completed ... | 2008 | 19440264 |
| within-limb somatotopy in primary motor cortex--revealed using fmri. | controversy exists regarding within-limb somatotopy, i.e., organization of representations of within-limb segments (e.g., elbow, fingers), in the primary motor cortex (m1). while some believe that within-limb representations overlap, others postulate somatotopic distinction. the purpose of our study was to aid the resolution of this controversy by exploring a) overlap between finger and elbow representations using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri), b) somatotopic diffe ... | 2010 | 19446804 |
| the anti-dopaminergic agent, haloperidol, antagonises the feminising effect of neonatal serotonin on sexually dimorphic hypothalamic nuclei and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurones. | there is a transient fall in hypothalamic serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-ht) activity in the second week post partum in male but not female rats. when this fall is masked by administration of the 5-ht(2) agonist (-) 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl]-2-aminopropane hydrochloride [(-)doi], over days 8-16 post partum, males are feminised in adulthood. to investigate whether the effect of 5-ht is mediated by dopamine and whether testosterone exerts its masculinising effect by reducing 5-ht and dopamine ... | 2009 | 19453825 |
| [responses of subalpine meadow poa botryoides to climate change]. | based on the field plot observation and related meteorological data, the effects of climate change in 1985-2005 on the growth and development of subalpine meadow poa botryoides in maqu county of gansu province were analyzed. the results showed that during study period, the annual precipitation in the maqu county had a decreasing trend, with a rate of -9.895 mm x (10 a)(-1) and a cycle of 3 years, while the annual air temperature had an increasing trend, with a rate of 0.341 degrees c x (10 a)(-1 ... | 2009 | 19459365 |
| medicare's value-based payment initiatives: impact on and implications for improving physician documentation and coding. | medicare has introduced a number of new payment initiatives that will have a profound effect on hospital reimbursement and quality and safety ratings. the new medical severity diagnosis-related group (ms-drg) payment system adds a number of new drg categories to more adequately account for patient severity. the new present-on-admission (poa) initiative is designed to withhold additional reimbursement for selected complications that were not recorded as being poa but that occurred during the cour ... | 2009 | 19461068 |
| heat loss responses and blockade of prostaglandin e2-induced thermogenesis elicited by alpha1-adrenergic activation in the rostromedial preoptic area. | the unilateral microinjection of noradrenaline (na), but not vehicle solution, into the rostromedial preoptic area (poa) elicited simultaneous increases in cutaneous temperatures of the tail and sole of the foot and decreases in the whole-body o(2) consumption rate, heart rate, and colonic temperature in urethane-chloralose-anesthetized rats, suggesting a coordinate increase in heat loss and decrease in heat production. the magnitude of these responses increased dose-dependently over the range o ... | 2009 | 19465086 |
| gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and gnrh-associated peptide neurobiology from the rearing period until puberty in the female sheep. | using morphological criteria we describe the postnatal ontogeny of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and gnrh-associated peptide (gap) of the gnrh prohormone in the ovine preoptic area (poa)-hypothalamus. the immunohistochemical gnrh- and gap-neuroanatomy was investigated in infantile (12-week-old weanlings), prepubertal (15-, 22-week-old juveniles), peripubertal (30-, 52-week-old during maturational quiescence) and pubertal (63-week-old) females born after the summer solstice, thus undergo ... | 2009 | 19465112 |
| sexually dimorphic estrogen receptor alpha mrna expression in the preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamus of green anole lizards. | estradiol (e2) is important in activation of male reproductive behaviors, and masculinizes morphology of associated brain regions in a number of mammalian and avian species. in contrast, it is testosterone, rather than its metabolites, that is the most potent activator of male sexual behavior in green anole lizards. as in other vertebrate groups, however, e2 is critical for receptivity in females of this species. aromatase, the enzyme which converts testosterone to e2, is more active in the male ... | 2009 | 19470372 |
| effects of intrauterine 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the development and function of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone neuronal system in the male rat. | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) is an environmental disrupter that continues to be generated from numerous industrial processes. in utero and lactational exposure of rats to levels of tcdd similar to those encountered by human populations have profound and persistent effects on growth, the reproductive axis and spatial learning and memory. tcdd is thought to act through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which displays crosstalk with estrogen-mediated genomic activation. an in vitro super ... | 2009 | 19490993 |
| lipophilic pyrazinoic acid amide and ester prodrugs stability, activation and activity against m. tuberculosis. | pyrazinamide (pza) is active against m. tuberculosis and is a first line agent for the treatment of human tuberculosis. pza is itself a prodrug that requires activation by a pyrazinamidase to form its active metabolite pyrazinoic acid (poa). since the specificity of cleavage is dependent on a single bacterial enzyme, resistance to pza is often found in tuberculosis patients. esters of poa have been proposed in the past as alternatives to pza however the most promising compounds were rapidly degr ... | 2009 | 19491013 |
| the role of parliamentarians in promoting sexual and reproductive health and rights. | parliamentarians are central to the full implementation of the international conference on population and development programme of action (icpd poa). we promote, review, and adopt sexual and reproductive health and rights (srhr) legislation, including budget appropriations. parliamentarians also approve policies formulated by government and endorse resolutions and statements in support of srhr. all party parliamentary groups on population, development, and reproductive health have now been estab ... | 2009 | 19535070 |
| phylogenetic divergence, morphological and physiological differences distinguish a new neotyphodium endophyte species in the grass bromus auleticus from south america. | the fungi of genus neotyphodium are systemic, constitutive, symbionts of grasses of subfamily pooideae. in the southern hemisphere most of these asexual endophytes are the result of the hybridization between two sexual species, epichlo" festucae and e. typhina, from the northern hemisphere. however the ancestral sexual species have not been detected in this region. several grasses from argentina are infected by neotyphodium species. these endophytes are in general very similar macro- and micromo ... | 2009 | 19537207 |
| multiple host-plant use may arise from gender-specific fitness effects. | ovipositing females are predicted to select host-plants that will maximise offspring survival and fitness. yet hosts often differ in the component of larval fitness affected so host-selection often involves a trade-off between short development times and large size and high fecundity of offspring. if host-species can directly affect development rates and body size, and if there are gender differences in resource allocation during development, there can be different sex-specific selection pressur ... | 2006 | 19537967 |
| host preference of the chinch bug, blissus occiduus. | the chinch bug, blissus occiduus barber (hemiptera: blissidae), is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nutall) engelmann and potentially other turfgrass, crop, and non-crop hosts. choice studies documented the number of b. occiduus present on selected turfgrasses, crops and weeds, and provided important insights into the host preferences of this chinch bug. grasses with the most chinch bugs present included the warm-season turfgrasses b. dactyloides , zoysiagrass, zoysia japo ... | 2006 | 19537992 |
| suffer the little children: fixed intraoral habit appliances for treating childhood thumbsucking habits: a critical review of the literature. | a critical review of the literature is presented covering the treatment of childhood thumbsucking habits using fixed intraoral habit appliances (hayrake, palatal crib). the habit appliances are classified into type and function. data is tabulated for key references revealing the fragmented and distorted nature of the literature and its lack of consistency. a chronological approach is presented to confirm the confused and idiosyncratic character of the literature. information is provided on the e ... | 2008 | 19545090 |
| hemolymph ecdysteroids during the last three molt cycles of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus: quantitative and qualitative analyses and regulation. | the profiles of circulating ecdysteroids during the three molt cycles prior to adulthood were monitored from the juvenile blue crab, callinectes sapidus. ecdysteroid patterns are remarkably similar in terms of peak concentrations ranging between 210-330 ng/ml hemolymph. analysis of hemolymph at late premolt stage revealed six different types of ecdysteroids with ponasterone a (poa) and 20-oh ecdysone (20-oh e) as the major forms. this ecdysteroid profile was consistent in all three molt cycles. ... | 2010 | 19557853 |
| mass spectrometric investigation of molecular variability of grass pollen group 1 allergens. | natural grass pollen allergens exhibit a wide variety of isoforms. precise characterization of such microheterogeneity is essential to improve diagnosis and design appropriate immunotherapies. moreover, standardization of allergen vaccine production is a prerequisite for product safety and efficiency. both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods are thus required to monitor and control the huge natural variability of pollens, as well as final product quality. a proteomic approach has bee ... | 2009 | 19572759 |
| audio-visual identification of place of articulation and voicing in white and babble noise. | research shows that noise and phonetic attributes influence the degree to which auditory and visual modalities are used in audio-visual speech perception (avsp). research has, however, mainly focused on white noise and single phonetic attributes, thus neglecting the more common babble noise and possible interactions between phonetic attributes. this study explores whether white and babble noise differentially influence avsp and whether these differences depend on phonetic attributes. white and b ... | 2009 | 19603894 |
| pyrethroid resistance mediated by enzyme detoxification in listronotus maculicollis (coleoptera: curculionidae) from connecticut. | in 2009, pyrethroid resistance was confirmed for seven "annual bluegrass weevil" listronotus maculicollis kirby (coleoptera: curculionidae) adult populations from southern new england. the mechanisms responsible for conferring this resistance were unknown. in this study, topical application bioassays with bifenthrin and bifenthrin combined with synergists affecting three detoxification systems were conducted on four field-collected adult populations of l. maculicollis from connecticut to determi ... | 2009 | 19610439 |
| development of binomial sequential sampling plans for forecasting listronotus maculicollis (coleoptera: curculionidae) larvae based on the relationship to adult counts and turfgrass damage. | binomial sequential sampling plans were developed to forecast weevil listronotus maculicollis kirby (coleoptera: curculionidae), larval damage to golf course turfgrass and aid in the development of integrated pest management programs for the weevil. populations of emerging overwintered adults were sampled over a 2-yr period to determine the relationship between adult counts, larval density, and turfgrass damage. larval density and composition of preferred host plants (poa annua l.) significantly ... | 2009 | 19610454 |
| do etiologies of premature ovarian aging (poa) mimic those of premature ovarian failure (pof)? | it is unknown whether etiologies differ between milder forms of premature ovarian senescence (the acronym given here 'premature ovarian aging, poa'), and premature ovarian failure (pof). | 2009 | 19617205 |
| hypothalamic and dietary control of temperature-mediated longevity. | temperature is an important modulator of longevity and aging in both poikilotherms and homeotherm animals. in homeotherms, temperature homeostasis is regulated primarily in the preoptic area (poa) of the hypothalamus. this region receives and integrates peripheral, central and environmental signals and maintains a nearly constant core body temperature (t(core)) by regulating the autonomic and hormonal control of heat production and heat dissipation. temperature sensitive neurons found in the poa ... | 2010 | 19631766 |
| persistent primitive olfactory artery aneurysm. | a hypertensive 69-year-old man presented with an incidentally discovered non-ruptured aneurysm of the persistent primitive olfactory artery (poa). the poa originates at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery, runs along the olfactory tract anteriorly toward the crista galli, and forms an acute angle with the distal anterior cerebral artery. the aneurysm was located at this characteristic acute angle. the persistent poa aneurysm associated with an anterior communicating artery aneury ... | 2009 | 19633402 |
| motherhood and nursing stimulate c-fos expression in the rabbit forebrain. | mother rabbits nurse once daily with circadian periodicity. the authors investigated brain structures involved in regulating this activity by quantifying c-fos-immunoreactive (ir) cells in the forebrain of: (1) mothers killed on postpartum day 1 (ppd 1) after nursing (group 1) or not given pups (group 2); (2) mothers killed on ppd 7 after nursing (group 3) or not given pups on such day (group 4); (3) unmated virgins (group 5). groups 1 through 4 showed similar numbers of c-fos-ir cells in the pr ... | 2009 | 19634930 |
| using a selectivity index to evaluate logarithmic spraying in grass seed crops. | grass seed crops are minor crops that cannot support the development of selective herbicides for grass weed control in grass seed crops. an option is to screen for selective herbicides with the use of logarithmic spraying technology. the aim of this paper is to assess selectivity of various herbicides in grass seed crops by using dose-response curves. | 2009 | 19655396 |
| simulating the formation of semivolatile primary and secondary organic aerosol in a regional chemical transport model. | recent developments in our understanding of atmospheric organic particulate matter formation have been used to develop a state-of-the-art organic aerosol module for regional chemical transport models (ctms). the module has been added to the regional ctm, pmcamx, and has been evaluated against observations in the eastern u.s. the new module uses the volatility basis set framework to simulate primary organic aerosol (poa) partitioning between the gas and particulate phases and the gas-phase oxidat ... | 2009 | 19673257 |
| constraining the volatility distribution and gas-particle partitioning of combustion aerosols using isothermal dilution and thermodenuder measurements. | the gas-particle partitioning of primary organic aerosol (poa) emissions from a diesel engine and the combustion of hard- and soft-woods in a stove was investigated by isothermally diluting them in a smog chamber or by passing them through a thermodenuder and measuring the extent of evaporation. the experiments were conducted at atmospherically relevant conditions: low concentrations and small temperature perturbations. the partitioning of the poa emissions from both sources varied continuously ... | 2009 | 19673261 |
| noradrenaline involvement in the negative-feedback effects of ovarian steroids on luteinising hormone secretion. | noradrenaline has been shown to modulate the ovarian-steroid feedback on luteinising-hormone (lh) release. however, despite the high amount of evidence accumulated over many years, the role of noradrenaline in lh regulation is still not clearly understood. the present study aimed to further investigate the involvement of noradrenaline in the negative-feedback effect of oestradiol and progesterone on basal lh secretion. in experiment 1, ovariectomised (ovx) rats received a single injection of oil ... | 2009 | 19686440 |
| c-fos expression in preoptic nuclei as a marker of sleep rebound in the rat. | thermoregulation is known to interfere with sleep, possibly due to a functional interaction at the level of the preoptic area (poa). exposure to low ambient temperature (t(a)) induces sleep deprivation, which is followed by sleep rebound after a return to laboratory t(a). as two poa subregions, the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (vlpo) and the median preoptic nucleus (mnpo), have been proposed to have a role in sleep-related processes, the expression of c-fos and the phosphorylated form of the c ... | 2009 | 19686475 |
| premier/ihi algorithms automate process for identifying patient harm. | no recognized standard for determining harm currently exist. harm data can be used to improve quality of care. accurate poa coding is critical to get true picture of patient harm. | 2009 | 19697805 |
| chemically-resolved volatility measurements of organic aerosol fom different sources. | a newly modified fast temperature-stepping thermodenuder (td) was coupled to a high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer for rapid determination of chemically resolved volatility of organic aerosols (oa) emitted from individual sources. the td-ams system was used to characterize primary oa (poa) from biomass burning, trash burning surrogates (paper and plastic), and meat cooking as well as chamber-generated secondary oa (soa) from alpha-pinene and gasoline vapor. almost all atmosp ... | 2009 | 19708365 |
| giant cavernous aneurysm associated with a persistent trigeminal artery and persistent otic artery. | primitive trigeminal artery (pta) and primitive otic artery (poa) is a very rare entity in adult life. we present a case of pta and poa associated with a giant unruptured cavernous aneurysm in a 54-year-old woman. the pta and the poa arose from the sac of the aneurysm directly, which greatly complicated endovascular therapy management. | 2009 | 19721839 |
| brassicaceae tissues as inhibitors of nitrification in soil. | brassicaceae crops often produce an unexplained increase in plant-available soil n possibly related to bioactive compounds produced from glucosinolates present in the tissues. our objective was to determine if glucosinolate-containing tissues inhibit nitrification, thereby potentially explaining this observation. ammonium, no(2)(-), and no(3)(-) n were measured in soils amended with brassicaceae ( isatis tinctoria l., brassica napus l., brassica juncea l., and sinapis alba l.) tissues containing ... | 2009 | 19722704 |
| sex-specific modulation of cell proliferation by socially relevant stimuli in the adult green treefrog brain (hyla cinerea). | social experience plays an important role in regulating the neural, physiological and hormonal changes that accompany the expression of reproductive behavior in vertebrates. this suite of functions is sexually dimorphic, with different neural control areas preeminent in males and females. in anuran amphibians, social experience comes in the form of acoustic communication, which is central to their reproductive behavior. we sought to determine whether acoustic cues regulate cell proliferation in ... | 2009 | 19729900 |
| anatomical localization of the effects of reproductive state, castration, and social milieu on cells immunoreactive for gonadotropin-releasing hormone-i in male european starlings (sturnus vulgaris). | gonadotropin-releasing hormone-i (gnrh-i) cells are localized primarily to the septopreoptic area (poa) and are responsible for regulating gonadotropin release from the anterior pituitary. some songbird species exhibit dramatic seasonal variation in the number of detectable gnrh-i immunoreactive cells, with higher numbers being observed during the breeding season. here we investigated the anatomical distribution of gnrh-i-immunoreactive cells in male starlings that varied in response to manipula ... | 2009 | 19731303 |
| dopamine agonist signalling in the hypothalamus of female rats is independent of calcium-dependent kinases. | we have previously demonstrated that dopamine agonist, skf38396 (skf), can substitute for progesterone in the facilitation of female reproductive behaviour in oestradiol benzoate-primed female rats and mice. we also reported that both progesterone- and skf-initiated signalling were mediated by the camp-dependent protein kinase a signal transduction cascade. as the rapid effects of progesterone are also mediated by calcium-dependent kinases, calcium- and calmodulin-dependent kinase (camkii) and p ... | 2009 | 19732294 |
| identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa using functional magnetic nanoparticle-based affinity capture combined with maldi ms analysis. | pa-il is a galactophilic lectin that is found on the outer membrane of pseudomonas aeruginosa. pigeon ovalbumin (poa), a phosphoprotein, contains high levels of terminal gal alpha(1-->4)gal units. thus, magnetic nanoparticles with immobilized poa can be used as affinity probes for p. aeruginosa, functioning via the recognition of galactophilic pa-il. we fabricated poa-bound nanoparticles (nps) by immobilizing poa onto the surface of core/shell magnetic iron oxide/alumina nps via metal-phosphate ... | 2009 | 19768218 |
| evaluation of molecular basis of cross reactivity between rye and bermuda grass pollen allergens. | allergenic cross reactivity between the members of the pooids (lolium perenne, phleum pratense, and poa pratensis) and chloridoids (cynodon dactylon and paspalum notatum) is well established. studies using crude extracts in the past have demonstrated limited cross reactivity between the pooids and the chloridoids suggesting separate diagnosis and therapy. however, little is known regarding the molecular basis for the limited cross reactivity observed between the 2 groups of grasses. the present ... | 2009 | 19776679 |
| synthesis of poly(o-anisidine)/h(2)so(4) film for the development of glucose biosensor. | the poly(o-anisidine)-sulfuric acid-glucose oxidase (poa-h(2)so(4)-gox) electrode has been investigated in the present work. platinum electrode was used for the synthesis of poly (o-anisidine)-sulfuric acid (poa-h(2)so(4)) film using galvanostatic method with 0.2 m o-anisidine, 1.0 m h(2)so(4) solution, 1.0 ph and 2 ma/cm(2) applied current density. the synthesized film was characterized using electrochemical technique, conductivity measurement, uv-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrare ... | 2009 | 19802711 |
| central role of traf-interacting protein in a new model of brain sexual differentiation. | sexually dimorphic brain nuclei underlie gender-specific neural functions and susceptibility to disease, but the developmental basis of dimorphisms is poorly understood. in these studies, we focused on the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (avpv), a nucleus that is larger in females and critical for the female-typical cyclic surge pattern of luteinizing hormone (lh) release. sex differences in the size and function of the avpv result from apoptosis that occurs preferentially in the developin ... | 2009 | 19805359 |
| phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soil in temperate humid regions of british columbia, canada. | the suitability of five plant species was studied for phytoextraction and phytostabilisation in a region with temperate maritime climate of coastal british columbia, canada. pot experiments were conducted using lolium perenne l (perennial rye grass), festuca rubra l (creeping red fescue), helianthus annuus l (sunflower), poa pratensis l (kentucky bluegrass) and brassica napus l (rape) in soils treated with three different metal (cu, pb, mn, and zn) concentrations. the bio-metric characters of pl ... | 2009 | 19810356 |
| kisspeptin neurons in the ovine arcuate nucleus and preoptic area are involved in the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. | kisspeptin is the product of the kiss1 gene that regulates gnrh secretion. in sheep, kiss1 mrna-expressing cells are found in the preoptic area (poa) and arcuate nucleus (arc), and expression is up-regulated in the caudal arc during the periovulatory period. we hypothesized that kisspeptin neurons in the arc are activated by estradiol-17beta prior to the preovulatory lh surge. ovariectomized ewes were treated as follows: 1) estradiol-17beta implants (sc 2 wk) to cause tonic negative feedback; 2) ... | 2009 | 19819940 |
| melanocortins may stimulate reproduction by activating orexin neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and kisspeptin neurons in the preoptic area of the ewe. | to further test the hypothesis that melanocortins stimulate the reproductive axis, we treated ewes with melanocortin agonist (mtii) in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and during seasonal anestrus. lateral ventricular infusion of mtii (10 microg/h) during the luteal phase increased lh secretion. retrograde neuronal tracing in the brain showed few proopiomelanocortin or kisspeptin cells in the arcuate nucleus, but more than 70% of kisspeptin cells in the dorsolateral preoptic area (poa), pro ... | 2009 | 19819961 |
| influence of ethynylestradiol and methyltestosterone on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis of adult air-breathing catfish, clarias gariepinus. | adult male and female air-breathing catfish clarias gariepinus were treated with ethynylestradiol (ee(2)) and methyltestosterone (mt) at concentrations of 1microg/l, respectively for 21 days. ee(2) treatment caused disappearance of spermatids/sperm from several testicular lumen/lobules in males while mt treatment to females led to precocious ovarian development. ee(2) caused significant fluid retention in all tissues including peritoneal cavity and seminal vesicles. immunocytochemical localizati ... | 2009 | 19836846 |
| prostaglandin e2-induced masculinization of brain and behavior requires protein kinase a, ampa/kainate, and metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling. | prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) mediates the masculinization of adult sex behavior in rats in response to the surge in serum testosterone at approximately birth. measures of behavioral masculinization correlate with a twofold increase in spinophilin protein and the density of dendritic spines in the medial preoptic area (poa). of the four receptors for pge(2), ep(2) and ep(4) are required for the masculinization of behavior by pge(2). ep(2) and ep(4) couple to g(s)-proteins, activating protein kinas ... | 2009 | 19846715 |
| estradiol-17beta-responsive a1 and a2 noradrenergic cells of the brain stem project to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the ewe brain: a possible route for regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone cells. | we have studied brain stem cells in the ewe brain that project to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bnst) and determined if these cells are activated by estradiol-17beta. this would predicate an indirect role in the estradiol-17beta regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) cells, since these receive input from the bnst. ovariectomized ewes received 50 mug estradiol-17beta benzoate (i.m.) 1 h prior to brain collection, so that activated cells could be identified by fos immunohis ... | 2010 | 19857554 |
| effects of genotype identity and diversity on the invasiveness and invasibility of plant populations. | genetic diversity within species is a potentially important, but poorly studied, determinant of plant community dynamics. here we report experiments testing the influence of genotype identity and genotypic diversity both on the invasibility of a foundation, matrix-forming species (kentucky bluegrass, poa pratensis), and on the invasiveness of a colonizing species (dandelion, taraxacum officinale). genotypes of kentucky bluegrass in monoculture showed significant variation in productivity and res ... | 2010 | 19865832 |
| staggers in sheep in patagonia. | after observations and experimental work both in the field and laboratory, the following conclusions seem justified. 1. staggers is a non-infectious disorder affecting horses, cattle, and sheep. 2. the disease is characterized by weakness, muscular twitching, irregular movements of the head, stiffness of the limbs, and transient motor paralysis, accompanied with spastic spasms on excitement. there is also a derangement of vision and conjunctivitis. 3. the postmortem lesions are not characteristi ... | 1917 | 19868185 |
| timing is everything: neural response dynamics during syllable processing and its relation to higher-order cognition in schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects. | successful linguistic processing requires efficient encoding of successively-occurring auditory input in a time-constrained manner, especially under noisy conditions. in this study we examined the early neural response dynamics to rapidly-presented successive syllables in schizophrenia participants and healthy comparison subjects, and investigated the effects of noise on these responses. we used magnetoencephalography (meg) to reveal the time-course of stimulus-locked activity over bilateral aud ... | 2010 | 19879305 |
| nitric oxide mediates noradrenaline-induced hypothermic responses and opposes prostaglandin e2-induced fever in the rostromedial preoptic area. | noradrenaline (na) microinjected into the rostromedial preoptic area (poa) elicits heat loss responses and opposes prostaglandin e(2)-induced fever. here, i tested the hypothesis that local synthesis and release of nitric oxide (no) mediates the na-induced effects. the unilateral microinjection of the no donor sodium nitroprusside (snp, 8.4 nmol), but not that of saline solution, into the na-sensitive site elicited an increase in tail skin temperature and decreases in the whole-body o(2) consump ... | 2010 | 19896521 |
| neurokinin 3 receptor immunoreactivity in the septal region, preoptic area and hypothalamus of the female sheep: colocalisation in neurokinin b cells of the arcuate nucleus but not in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones. | recent evidence has implicated neurokinin b (nkb) in the complex neuronal network mediating the effects of gonadal steroids on the regulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) secretion. because the neurokinin 3 receptor (nk3r) is considered to mediate the effects of nkb at the cellular level, we determined the distribution of immunoreactive nk3r in the septal region, preoptic area (poa) and hypothalamus of the ewe. nk3r cells and/or fibres were found in areas including the bed nucleus o ... | 2010 | 19912479 |
| a sex-related difference in the developmental expression of class ii beta-tubulin messenger rna in rat hypothalamus. | axonal elongation, neurite outgrowth, and synaptogenesis are key events of mammalian brain development. the neuronal cytoskeleton plays a fundamental role in these changes, which are influenced by gonadal steroids in brain regions bearing the appropriate receptors. microtubules, which constitute a major portion of the cytoskeleton, are composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin polypeptide heterodimers encoded by multigene families. of the five beta-tubulin isotypes described, the genes encoding class ... | 1991 | 19912791 |
| intrinsic and extrinsic modulators direct pretranslational expression of preoptic regulatory factor 1 (porf-1) messenger rnas. | genes of the diffuse neuroendocrine system are often widely expressed. we are studying a newly discovered peptide gene, preoptic regulatory factor 1 (porf-1). in the rat, porf-1 has been shown to be a unique, single-copy gene. although its exact function remains unknown, porf-1 encodes a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) related sequence and we have previously shown that this gene is transcribed in the rat in a tissue-specific manner in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and in the testis ... | 1991 | 19912824 |
| cold- and ethanol-induced hypothermia reduces cellular levels of mrna-encoding thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) in neurons of the preoptic area. | thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh)-containing neurons have been implicated in the central control of body temperature. trh-containing neurons are located in brain areas known to influence body temperature, and trh injected into these areas can produce changes in body temperature. while these lines of evidence support the view that central trh is involved in thermoregulation, it has been difficult to confirm that trh-containing neurons of the preoptic area are involved in this process. we used a ... | 1992 | 19912886 |
| androgen regulation of androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid differs in rat prostate and selected brain areas. | androgens bind to specific high-affinity receptors (ar), thereby initiating gene transcription. we investigated the effects of testosterone (t), dihydrotestosterone (dht), and 17beta-estradiol (e(2)) on ar transcription and binding in prostate, medial basal hypothalamus (mbh), preoptic area (poa), amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex in the rat. androgen receptor mrna was measured by a ribonuclease protection assay. cytosolic and nuclear ar binding (arc and arn, respectively) were measured by in vi ... | 1993 | 19912960 |
| melanocortins mimic the effects of leptin to restore reproductive function in lean hypogonadotropic ewes. | leptin restores gonadotropic function in lean hypogonadotropic animals by an unknown mechanism. we aimed to test the hypothesis that restoration of gonadotropic function is a result of an upregulation of central acetylated melanocortin production. | 2010 | 19923792 |
| in vitro cross-reactivity between tomato and other plant allergens. | cross-reactivity among fruits and different pollen and fruit species has been extensively reported. | 2009 | 19927542 |
| effect of nourishing "yin"-removing "fire" chinese herbal mixture on hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in female precocious rats. | the present study aims to investigate the effect of nourishing "yin"-removing "fire" herbal mixture, a chinese herb-based formulation, on hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in danazol-induced female precocious model rats. | 2010 | 19931369 |
| phytoremediation of petroleum-polluted soils: application of polygonum aviculare and its root-associated (penetrated) fungal strains for bioremediation of petroleum-polluted soils. | petroleum-polluted soils are a common disaster in many countries. bioremediation of oil contamination in soils is based on the stimulation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-degrading fungal and microbial communities. a field study was conducted in a petroleum-contaminated site to find petroleum-resistant plants and their root-associated fungal strains for use in bioremediation of petroleum-polluted soils. results and observations showed that the amounts of petroleum pollution in nonvegetated soils were s ... | 2010 | 19932506 |
| distribution of neuropeptide w in the rat brain. | neuropeptide w (npw), which was recently isolated from the porcine hypothalamus, has been identified as the endogenous ligand of the orphan g protein-coupled receptors gpr7 (npbwr1) and gpr8 (npbwr2). infusion of npw increases food intake in the light phase, whereas in the dark phase, it has the opposite effect. in this study, we used rt-pcr analysis to examine the gene expression of npw mrna in the rat brain, and performed a detailed analysis of the distribution of npw-positive neurons by use o ... | 2010 | 19948359 |