| fluoxetine-treated male wrasses exhibit low avt expression. | in many species, increasing serotonergic activity can reduce aggression and reverse dominance relationships. these effects may in part be mediated through interactions with the arginine vasotocin/vasopressin (avt/avp) system. we tested this hypothesis in a territorial coral reef fish, the bluehead wrasse (thalassoma bifasciatum), by experimentally enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission, using the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (ssri) fluoxetine. terminal phase (tp) males received 2 we ... | 2004 | 15542067 |
| expression of orexin receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues of the male sheep. | orexins exert their effects through two specific receptors (ox1r and ox2r) that have been found mainly in the brain and also in peripheral tissues of rats and humans. here, we demonstrate expression of mrna encoding for ovine ox1r and ox2r in central and peripheral tissues of sheep. gene expression for orexin receptors in the hypothalamus and the preoptic area was localised by in situ hybridisation. ox1r was detected in arcuate nuclei (arc), median eminence (me), the lateral hypothalamic nuclei ... | 2005 | 15544844 |
| the japanese quail: a model for studying reproductive aging of hypothalamic systems. | during aging, the decline of neuroendocrine, endocrine, and behavioral components of reproduction ultimately leads to reproductive failure. these studies considered both neuroendocrine and behavioral aspects of reproductive aging in japanese quail, using chronological age and reproductive status to separate animals into experimental groups. in study i, age-related changes in the gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh-i) system were investigated and a sharp decrease was observed in gnrh-i concentra ... | 2004 | 15582284 |
| distribution and acute stressor-induced activation of corticotrophin-releasing hormone neurones in the central nervous system of xenopus laevis. | in mammals, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh) and related peptides are known to play essential roles in the regulation of neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioural responses to physical and emotional stress. in nonmammalian species, crh-like peptides are hypothesized to play similar neuroendocrine and neurocrine roles. however, there is relatively little detailed information on the distribution of crh neurones in the central nervous system (cns) of nonmammalian vertebrates, and there are cu ... | 2004 | 15584929 |
| interleukin 1beta enhances non-rapid eye movement sleep and increases c-fos protein expression in the median preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. | interleukin 1beta (il-1) is a key mediator of the acute phase response in an infected host and acts centrally to coordinate responses to an immune challenge, such as fever and increased non-rapid eye movement (nrem) sleep. the preoptic area (poa) is a primary sleep regulatory center in the brain: the ventrolateral poa (vlpo) and median preoptic nucleus (mnpn) each contain high numbers of c-fos protein immunoreactive (ir) neurons after sleep but not after waking. we hypothesized that il-1 mediate ... | 2004 | 15604300 |
| the inheritance of apomixis in poa pratensis confirms a five locus model with differences in gene expressivity and penetrance. | the genetic control of apomixis was studied in numerous segregating progenies originated from intercrossing and selfing of obligate sexual and facultative apomictic parents in poa pratensis by means of the flow cytometric seed screen. the data support a novel model with five major genes required to control asexual seed formation: the apospory initiator (ait) gene, the apospory preventer (apv) gene, a megaspore development (mdv) gene, the parthenogenesis initiator (pit) gene, and the parthenogene ... | 2004 | 15608334 |
| [ecological strategies of soil microbial communities under plants of meadow ecosystems]. | dominant growth strategies of soil microbial communities of mown and unmown meadows were assessed with respect to the constants of saturation and maximal specific growth rate of microorganisms. the microbial community of mown-meadow soil was characterized by a greater biomass and activity due to prevalence of microorganisms with the r strategy, compared to the microbial community of unmown-meadow soil. in contrast to nonrhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil was dominated by rapidly growing microorg ... | 2004 | 15615453 |
| progesterone increases dynorphin a concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and preprodynorphin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in a subset of dynorphin neurons in the sheep. | recent studies suggest that the endogenous opioid peptide, dynorphin, is an important mediator of progesterone negative feedback on gnrh pulse frequency in the ewe. these experiments tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of progesterone on dynorphin a concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) collected from the third ventricle and expression of preprodynorphin (ppd) mrna in hypothalamic nuclei. csf was collected every 10 min for 5 h in three groups of ewes: 1) ovary-intact ewes durin ... | 2005 | 15650077 |
| periodic oscillatory activity in parahippocampal slices maintained in vitro. | brain slices maintained in vitro have been extensively used for studying neuronal synchronization. however, the validity of this approach may be questioned since pharmacological procedures are usually required to elicit spontaneous events similar to the eeg activity recorded in vivo. here, we report that when superfused with control medium, rat brain slices comprising the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices along with a portion of the basolateral/lateral nuclei of the amygdala can synchronously g ... | 2005 | 15652999 |
| assessing determinants of community biomass composition in two-species plant competition studies. | a method is proposed for assessing the relative importance of species identity, neighbour species influence and environment as determinants of change in community biomass composition in two-species short-term competition experiments. the method is based on modelling the differences in relative growth rates (rgr) of species (hence called the rgrd method). using a multiple regression approach it quantifies the effects of initial species' abundance, species identity and environment on rgrd and henc ... | 2004 | 15655692 |
| localization of poa semilatent virus cysteine-rich protein in peroxisomes is dispensable for its ability to suppress rna silencing. | subcellular localization of the poa semilatent virus cysteine-rich gammab protein was studied by using different approaches. in infected tissue, gammab was detected mainly in the p30 fraction as monomers, dimers and oligomers. green fluorescent protein-fused gammab was found to localize in punctate bodies in the cytoplasm. colocalization with marker proteins demonstrated that these bodies represent peroxisomes. immunoelectron microscopy revealed that gammab was localized in the peroxisomal matri ... | 2005 | 15659769 |
| down-regulation of gat-1 mrna expression in the microdissected hypothalamic medial preoptic area of rat offspring exposed maternally to ethinylestradiol. | steroid hormones are powerful regulators of gene transcription in the brain and have the potential to permanently alter the structure and function of the developing brain. steroid-mediated altered gene expression may thus be responsible for the molecular cascade for sexual differentiation. in this study, to assess effects of maternal exposure to ethinylestradiol (ee) on brain sexual differentiation of offspring, region-specific mrna expression of two estrogen-responsive genes, gamma-aminobutyric ... | 2005 | 15664431 |
| action of 24-epibrassinolide on a cell line of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. | the spodoptera exigua cell line se4 is sensitive for ecdysteroid activity stimulated by the insect molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), showing a cease in cell proliferation (with 50% inhibition around 1 microm) and characteristic cell morphology changes with aggregation and formation of long filamentous cytoplasmic extensions. the bisacylhydrazine tebufenozide also triggered such typical cellular effects in se4, and in addition, it showed an affinity for binding in competition with 3h-pon ... | 2005 | 15717319 |
| genome relationships in polyploid poa pratensis and other poa species inferred from phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and chloroplast dna sequences. | the genus poa comprises approximately 500 species that occur throughout the world, including the widely grown kentucky bluegrass (p. pratensis l.). hybridization and polyploidization have played a prominent role in the evolution of this complex genus, but limited information is available regarding genome relationships in poa. thus, we amplified, cloned, and compared the dna sequences of 2 nuclear genes (cdo504 and thioredoxin-like protein) and 2 chloroplast genome loci (ndhf and trnt-trnf) from ... | 2005 | 15729399 |
| manganese toxicity thresholds for restoration grass species. | manganese toxicity thresholds for restoration plants have not been established. as a result, ecological risk assessments rely on toxicity thresholds for agronomic species, which may differ from those of restoration species. our objective was to provide mn toxicity thresholds for grasses commonly used in restoration. we used a greenhouse screening study where seedlings of redtop, slender wheatgrass, tufted hairgrass, big bluegrass, basin wildrye, and common wheat were grown in sand culture and ex ... | 2005 | 15734591 |
| neuroendocrine consequences of prenatal androgen exposure in the female rat: absence of luteinizing hormone surges, suppression of progesterone receptor gene expression, and acceleration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator. | preovulatory gnrh and lh surges depend on activation of estrogen (e2)-inducible progesterone receptors (pgrs) in the preoptic area (poa). surges do not occur in males, or in perinatally androgenized females. we sought to determine whether prenatal androgen exposure suppresses basal or e2-induced pgr mrna expression or e2-induced lh surges (or both) in adulthood, and whether any such effects may be mediated by androgen receptor activation. we also assessed whether prenatal androgens alter subsequ ... | 2005 | 15744016 |
| biosolids compost amendment for reducing soil lead hazards: a pilot study of orgro amendment and grass seeding in urban yards. | in situ inactivation of soil pb is an alternative to soil removal and replacement that has been demonstrated in recent years at industrial sites with hazardous soil pb concentrations. most children exposed to elevated soil pb, however, reside in urban areas, and no government programs exist to remediate such soils unless an industrial source caused the contamination. modern regulated biosolids composts have low pb concentrations and low bioaccessible pb fractions and can improve grass growth on ... | 2005 | 15752494 |
| modulation of glutamate-induced outward current by prostaglandin e(2) in rat dissociated preoptic neurons. | the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (poa) is one of the major brain regions where cytokines and their related mediators (i.e., prostaglandins) exert diverse actions. in the present study, the modulatory effects of prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) on the glutamate-induced membrane currents were examined using perforated-patch clamp method in rat poa neurons that had been mechanically dissociated by vibration without enzyme treatment. application of glutamate through u-tube induced a slow outward curren ... | 2005 | 15777767 |
| progesterone can block the preovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone/luteinising hormone surge in the ewe by a direct inhibitory action on oestradiol-responsive cells within the hypothalamus. | elevated oestradiol concentrations during the follicular phase stimulate a surge in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and luteinising hormone (lh) concentrations, which leads to ovulation. progesterone can block the oestradiol-induced gnrh/lh surge, but the mechanism that is involved is unclear. we examined the effect of progesterone on oestradiol-induced activation of cells within the ovine hypothalamus/preoptic area (poa) to determine: (i) in which regions progesterone acts to block the gn ... | 2005 | 15796768 |
| effects of maternal exposure to a low dose of diethylstilbestrol on sexual dimorphic nucleus volume and male reproductive system in rat offspring. | diethylstilbestrol (des) was administered subcutaneously at 0.5, 1.5 or 4.5 microg/kg/day (des 0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 groups, respectively) to pregnant sd rats daily on days 7-21 of gestation, to investigate its effects on the development and functions of the reproductive system in their male offspring. of the 10 pregnant rats in the des 4.5 group, only 1 delivered, and this rat could not suckle the pups. rat pups in the des 0.5 and 1.5 groups were autopsied at 1, 3, 6 and 15 weeks after birth. the te ... | 2005 | 15800398 |
| evidence that projections from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and from the lateral and medial regions of the preoptic area provide input to gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons in the female sheep brain. | the arcuate nucleus/ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (arc/vmh) region is thought to relay estrogen feedback signals to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) cells in the sheep brain. this region sends major projections to the lateral preoptic area (lpoa), ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminals (vbnst) and the ventro-caudal division of the median preoptic nucleus (vcmepon) with little direct input to gnrh cell bodies, suggesting interneuronal relay to gnrh neurons. the brain stem also provid ... | 2005 | 15802194 |
| the distributions of the duplicate oestrogen receptors er-beta a and er-beta b in the forebrain of the atlantic croaker (micropogonias undulatus): evidence for subfunctionalization after gene duplication. | teleost fishes have three distinct oestrogen receptor (er) subtypes: er-alpha, er-beta a (or er-gamma) and er-beta b. er-beta a and er-beta b arose from a duplication of an ancestral er-beta gene early in the teleost lineage. here, we describe the distribution of the three er mrnas in the hypothalamus and cerebellum of the atlantic croaker to address two issues: the specific functions of multiple ers in the neuroendocrine system and the evolution and fate of duplicated genes. er-alpha was detect ... | 2005 | 15817438 |
| gene regulation by nmda receptor activation in the sdn-poa neurons of male rats during sexual development. | the present study was designed to identify possible signaling pathways, which may play a role in prevention of neuronal apoptosis in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) after physiological activation of the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor. gene response to the blockage of the nmda receptor by an antagonist (dizocilpine hydrogen maleate; mk-801) was screened after suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). the results showed that differential screening after ssh d ... | 2005 | 15821108 |
| isolation of candidate genes for apomixis in poa pratensis l. | the essential feature of apomixis is that an embryo is formed autonomously by parthenogenesis from an unreduced egg of an embryo sac generated through apomeiosis. the genetic constitution of the offspring is, therefore, usually identical to the maternal parent, a trait of great interest to plant breeders. if apomixis were well understood and harnessed, it could be exploited to indefinitely propagate superior hybrids or specific genotypes bearing complex gene sets. a fundamental contribution to t ... | 2004 | 15821987 |
| alcohol alters insulin-like growth factor-1 activated oct 2 pou domain gene expression in the immature female hypothalamus. | the oct 2 pou homeodomain gene has been shown to increase during late juvenile development; the upstream control of oct 2 is not known, however. the insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) is known to act centrally to stimulate luteinizing hormone (lh)-releasing hormone (lhrh) release and advance female puberty. we therefore sought to determine if this peptide induces transcription of oct 2 genes as an early pubertal event. furthermore, as alcohol (alc) blocks igf-1-induced lhrh and lh release acut ... | 2005 | 15830901 |
| vegetation pattern related tc grazing pressure in alpine meadows of nanda devi biosphere reserve. | the present study aims to analyze the interaction of prevailing biotic pressure on plant species diversity in nanda devi biosphere reserve (ndbr) which lies in northern part of uttaranchal hills between 79 degrees 40'e to 80 degrees 05'e longitude and 30 degrees 17' n to 30 degrees 41'n latitude and covers an area of 2236.7 km2. a total of 75 species has been found which included the herbaceous plants viz., grasses, sedges and forbs. generally, the plants have a short life span of 3-4 months. ho ... | 2004 | 15847338 |
| capsaicin augments synaptic transmission in the rat medial preoptic nucleus. | the medial preoptic nucleus (mpn) is the major nucleus of the preoptic area (poa), a hypothalamic area involved in the regulation of body-temperature. injection of capsaicin into this area causes hypothermia in vivo. capsaicin also causes glutamate release from hypothalamic slices. however, no data are available on the effect of capsaicin on synaptic transmission within the mpn. here, we have studied the effect of exogenously applied capsaicin on spontaneous synaptic activity in hypothalamic sli ... | 2005 | 15862512 |
| in utero and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats disrupts brain sexual differentiation. | the effects of in utero and lactational exposure of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) on brain sexual differentiation were investigated. tcdd was orally administered to pregnant holtzman rats on gestation day (gd) 15, and the activity of brain aromatase, a key enzyme for sexual differentiation, was measured in offspring on postnatal day (pnd) 2. changes in sexual dimorphisms of saccharin preference and the volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) were exam ... | 2005 | 15885269 |
| new zealand's psychiatry of old age services. revisiting 'the view from the bottom of the cliff'--have we made any progress since 1998? | in 1998, the new zealand branch of the faculty of psychiatry of old age (fpoa) surveyed psychiatry of old age (poa) services in new zealand for their resource levels. at that time, they were low by international and mental health commission 'blueprint' levels. in 2003, poa services in new zealand were resurveyed to determine how much progress had been made in the ensuing 5 years. | 2005 | 15886731 |
| influence of sward height, daily timing of concentrate supplementation, and restricted time for grazing on forage utilization by lactating beef cows. | to establish the effect of sward height, concentrate feeding time, and restricted time for grazing on forage utilization by grazing cattle, 32 crossbred beef (24 angus and eight hereford) cows (632 kg bw) and calves (104 kg bw) were grouped by weight and calving date. they were assigned randomly to two sward height treatments (4 to 8 or 8 to 12 cm), replicated four times. the herbage comprised mainly kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass, some forbs, and white clover. the cows were restricted to 12 h ... | 2005 | 15890822 |
| pre-pro-somatostatin-iii may have cortistatin-like functions in fish. | this study analyzes daily changes in the expression of somatostatin precursors pss-i and pss-iii (structurally related to cortistatin) in the goldfish brain. the results indicate that pss-i expression correlates with the light cycle only in optic tectum-thalamus (ot-tha). pss-iii expression correlates with the light cycle in telencephalon-preoptic area (tel-poa) and ot-tha. in tel-poa, pss-iii reaches a minimum level at the beginning of the active phase and a maximum level late in this phase. th ... | 2005 | 15891036 |
| will loss of snow cover during climatic warming expose new zealand alpine plants to increased frost damage? | if snow cover in alpine environments were reduced through climatic warming, plants that are normally protected by snow-lie in winter would become exposed to greater extremes of temperature and solar radiation. we examined the annual course of frost resistance of species of native alpine plants from southern new zealand that are normally buried in snowbanks over winter (celmisia haastii and celmisia prorepens) or in sheltered areas that may accumulate snow (hebe odora) and other species, typical ... | 2005 | 15891822 |
| sexually dimorphic hormonal regulation of the gap junction protein, cx43, in rats and altered female reproductive function in cx43+/- mice. | astrocytic gap junctional communication is important in steroid hormone regulation of reproductive processes at the level of the hypothalamus, including estrous cyclicity and sexual behavior. we examined the effects of estradiol and progesterone on the abundance of the gap junctional protein, connexin 43 (cx43), which is highly expressed in astrocytes. gonadectomized rats received hormone treatments that induce maximal sexual behavior and gonadotropin surges in females (estrogen for 48 h followe ... | 2005 | 15910768 |
| fungal endophyte n-acetylglucosaminidase expression in the infected host grass. | fungal endophytes of the genera neotyphodium and epichlolë are important mutualistic symbionts and pathogens of many cool-season grass species. here we report the characterization of a secreted n-acetylglucosaminidase from the neotyphodium sp. endophyte that infects the grass poa ampla. the enzyme was expressed at low levels within the host, and activity could be detected in the apoplastic protein fraction. low-level expression could also be detected in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass (lol ... | 2005 | 15912954 |
| syntheses of fully sulfonated polyaniline nano-networks and its application to the direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c. | fully sulfonated polyaniline nano-particles, nano-fibrils and nano-networks have been achieved for the first time by electrochemical homopolymerization of orthanilic acid using a three-step electrochemical deposition procedure in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile (acn) and water. the diameter of the uniform nano-particles is about 60 nm, and the nano-fibrils can be organized in two-dimensional (2d) or three-dimensional (3d) non-periodic networks with good electrical contact. average distance betwe ... | 2006 | 15913978 |
| establishment and growth of experimental grass species mixtures on coal mine sites reclaimed with municipal biosolids. | the surface mining control and reclamation act of 1977 requires that coal mine sites in the united states be reclaimed to establish vegetative cover that is diverse, native, and capable of plant succession. however, there is a question as to whether vegetation established on coal mine sites reclaimed with biosolids is diverse and capable of plant succession. the influx of nutrients with the addition of biosolids leads to long-term dominance by early-successional species, most notably grasses, an ... | 2005 | 15920668 |
| comparison of early development of three grasses: lolium perenne, agrostis stolonifera and poa pratensis. | to improve the management of grass communities, early plant development was compared in three species with contrasting growth forms, a caespitose (lolium perenne), a rhizomatous (poa pratensis) and a caespitose-stoloniferous species (agrostis stolonifera). | 2005 | 15932884 |
| sex differences in the location of immunochemically defined cell populations in the mouse preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus. | the preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus (poa/ah) is sexually dimorphic in many vertebrates. we have defined specific cell populations within the poa/ah using immunocytochemical markers for estrogen receptor beta (erbeta) and the r1 subunit of the gaba(b) receptor (gaba(b)r1). our previous finding of sex differences in cell migration in this region in embryonic day 15 mice led us to examine sex differences in the location or size of chemically identified cell groups. at embryonic day 17 (e17), ce ... | 2005 | 15939083 |
| vegetation pattern and heavy metal accumulation at a mine tailing at gyöngyösoroszi, hungary. | vegetation at an abandoned heavy metal bearing mine tailing may have multifunctional roles such as modification of water balance, erosion control and landscape rehabilitation. research on the vegetation of mine tailings can provide useful information on tolerance, accumulation and translocation properties of species potentially applicable at moderately contaminated sites. analyses of the relationship between heavy metal content (pb, zn and cu) and vegetation in a mine tailing were carried out. t ... | 2005 | 15948607 |
| a psba mutation in kochia scoparia (l) schrad from railroad rights-of-way with resistance to diuron, tebuthiuron and metribuzin. | kochia [kochia scoparia (l) schrad] has become resistant to many herbicides used in cropland and railroad rights-of-way in north dakota and minnesota. kochia scoparia plants that had survived annual treatments with diuron and tebuthiuron were sampled along railroad rights-of-way in north dakota and minnesota. the samples were screened in the greenhouse for resistance to diuron, tebuthiuron, metribuzin and bromoxynil from 0.5x to 32x the recommended use rates. a resistant k scoparia accession (mn ... | 2005 | 15952238 |
| visualizing forebrain-specific usage of an estrogen receptor alpha promoter for receptor downregulation in the rat. | transgenic rats expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) under the control of an estrogen receptor (er) alpha promoter were generated to tag eralpha-positive neurons in the brain. two transgenes, one containing sequences for promoter a and dsred and the other containing sequences for promoter 0/b and egfp, were injected simultaneously into wistar rat zygotes. twenty-two founders with both transgenes were identified. ten lines of these founders expressed the egfp tag in the brains of ... | 2005 | 15953656 |
| expression of glutamate receptor subunits in the hypothalamus of the female rat during the afternoon of the proestrous luteinizing hormone surge and effects of antiprogestin treatment and aging. | the excitatory transmitter, glutamate has been implicated in the control of reproduction, hormone secretion and neuroendocrine regulation. the present study examined whether the hypothalamic expression of three key ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits (nmdar1, glur1 and glur6) fluctuates significantly on proestrus in the rat, and whether treatment with the antiprogestin, ru486 affected glutamate receptor subunit expression. the studies revealed that nmdar1, glur1 and glur6 mrna levels in the m ... | 2005 | 15961958 |
| rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in japanese quail. | non-genomic effects of steroid hormones on cell physiology have been reported in the brain. however, relatively little is known about the behavioral significance of these actions. male sexual behavior is activated by testosterone partly through its conversion to estradiol via the enzyme aromatase in the preoptic area (poa). brain aromatase activity (aa) changes rapidly which might in turn be important for the rapid regulation of behavior. here, acute effects of vorozole, an aromatase inhibitor, ... | 2006 | 15963995 |
| bluegrass blessing. | | 2005 | 15966161 |
| cytokines, pge2 and endotoxic fever: a re-assessment. | the innate immune system serves as the first line of host defense against the deleterious effects of invading infectious pathogens. fever is the hallmark among the defense mechanisms evoked by the entry into the body of such pathogens. the conventional view of the steps that lead to fever production is that they begin with the biosynthesis of pyrogenic cytokines by mononuclear phagocytes stimulated by the pathogens, their release into the circulation and transport to the thermoregulatory center ... | 2005 | 15967158 |
| inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion by localized administration of estrogen, but not dihydrotestosterone, is enhanced in the ventromedial hypothalamus during feed restriction in the young wether. | the ability of steroids to inhibit lh secretion is enhanced during undernutrition. to identify potential hypothalamic sites at which this enhancement may occur, we examined lh secretion in feed-restricted or fed young wethers treated with locally administered metabolites of testosterone. in experiment 1, microimplants containing crystalline estradiol-17beta (e) or cholesterol were administered via chronic guide tubes directed to the preoptic area (poa) or ventromedial hypothalamus (vmh) in fed o ... | 2005 | 15972883 |
| isolation, cloning, and expression of three prepro-gnrh mrnas in atlantic croaker brain and pituitary. | three prepro-gonadotropin-releasing hormones, seabream gnrh (sbgnrh), chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii), and salmon gnrh (sgnrh) were isolated by cdna cloning from the brain of the atlantic croaker, micropogonias undulatus. the amino acid sequences of croaker gnrh precursors show greatest similarities to those of the gilthead and red sea breams and european sea bass. in situ hybridization of croaker brain sections revealed more abundant sbgnrh mrna expression in the preoptic area (poa) than in other br ... | 2005 | 15973678 |
| involvement of central metastin in the regulation of preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge and estrous cyclicity in female rats. | ovulation is caused by a sequence of neuroendocrine events: gnrh and lh surges that are induced by positive feedback action of estrogen secreted by the mature ovarian follicles. the central mechanism of positive feedback action of estrogen on gnrh/lh secretion, however, is not fully understood yet. the present study examined whether metastin, the product of metastasis suppressor gene kiss-1, is a central neuropeptide regulating gnrh/lh surge and then estrous cyclicity in the female rat. metastin ... | 2005 | 15976058 |
| spatial patterns and species performances in experimental plant communities. | amongst the various hypotheses that challenged to explain the coexistence of species with similar life histories, theoretical, and empirical studies suggest that spatial processes may slow down competitive exclusion and hence promote coexistence even in the absence of evident trade-offs and frequent disturbances. we investigated the effects of spatial pattern and density on the relative importance of intra- and interspecific competition in a field experiment. we hypothesized that weak competitor ... | 2005 | 16001215 |
| seasonal plasticity of brain aromatase mrna expression in glia: divergence across sex and vocal phenotypes. | although teleost fishes have the highest levels of brain aromatase (estrogen synthase) compared to other vertebrates, little is known of its regulation and function in specific brain areas. previously, we characterized the distribution of aromatase in the brain of midshipman fish, a model system for identifying the neural and endocrine basis of vocal-acoustic communication and alternative male reproductive tactics. here, we quantified seasonal changes in brain aromatase mrna expression in the in ... | 2005 | 16003720 |
| emulsion intercalation of smectite clays with comb-branched copolymers consisting of multiple quaternary amine salts and a poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) backbone. | layered silicates were intercalated with comb-branched copolymers consisting of a hydrophobic polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene/butylene)-b-polystyrene (sebs) backbone and multiple pendants of poly(oxyalkylene) (poa) quaternary ammonium salts. the requisite intercalating agents were synthesized by grafting poa amines on the maleated sebs. the corresponding sebs-poa amine salts were found to have two functions, the capability to emulsify toluene/water mixtures to fine particle sizes of 60-70 nm in diam ... | 2005 | 16008418 |
| steroid regulation of brain aromatase expression in glia: female preoptic and vocal motor nuclei. | expression of the enzyme aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens, is known to be regulated by gonadal steroids in brain areas linked to reproduction and related behaviors in several groups of vertebrates. previously, we demonstrated in a vocal fish, the plainfin midshipman, that both males and females undergo seasonal changes in brain aromatase mrna expression in the preoptic area (poa) and the dimorphic sonic/vocal motor nucleus (smn) that parallel seasonal variation in circulating ste ... | 2005 | 16010669 |
| [the frequency of pollen allergy at the population of sarajevo region during the 2002 year]. | the frequency of pollen alergy in the sample of population of sarajevo region during the 2002 year has been investigated. the age and gender population has been different. for determination of allergy has been use of standard test carryed out in the respective laboratories of clinical center of university of sarajevo. the testing has been on the pollen of weed plant species and grass (graminejae) pollen. in the mixture of pollen weed plant species have been following plants: plantago lanceolata ... | 2005 | 16018386 |
| serk and apostart. candidate genes for apomixis in poa pratensis. | seed production generally requires the mating of opposite sex gametes. apomixis, an asexual mode of reproduction, avoids both meiotic reduction and egg fertilization. the essential feature of apomixis is that an embryo is formed autonomously by parthenogenesis from an unreduced egg of an embryo sac generated through apomeiosis. if apomixis were well understood and harnessed, it could be exploited to indefinitely propagate superior hybrids or specific genotypes bearing complex gene sets. a more p ... | 2005 | 16024690 |
| induced expression of c-fos in the diencephalon and pituitary gland of goats following transportation. | to identify regions of the caprine diencephalone and pituitary gland related to transportation stress, the expression of c-fos protein was examined immunohistochemically as an indicator of neural activation. ten castrated shiba goats (capra hircus), five transported and five controls, were used. transported goats were trucked for 1 h and killed by transcardiac perfusion 1 h after the end of transportation. control goats were housed in single pens killed in the same manner and at the same time as ... | 2005 | 16024703 |
| effects of commercial diazinon and imidacloprid on microbial urease activity in soil and sod. | diazinon [o,o-diethyl o-2-isopropyl-6-methyl(pyrimidine-4-yl) phosphorothioate] and imidacloprid [1-(1-[6-chloro-3-pyridinyl]methyl)-n-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine] are applied to lawns for insect control simultaneously with nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea, but their potential effect on urease activity and nitrogen availability in turfgrass management has not been evaluated. urease activity in enzyme assays, washed cell assays, and soil slurries was examined as a function of insecticide concen ... | 2005 | 16091610 |
| surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy of bacteria and pollen. | a technique for distinguishing biological material based on surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) is reported in this work. of particular interest is biological material that can be airborne. silver colloidal particles with diameters in the range 10 to 20 nm and with a characteristic ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) absorption band at 400 nm were used to obtain sers spectra of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella typhimurium bacteria and a number of tree and grass pollens (cup ... | 2005 | 16105210 |
| [effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on weeds growth and nitrogen uptake]. | in this paper, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the responses of different functional groups weeds to simulated nitrogen deposition (4.0 g n.m(-2).yr(-1)). native weed species poa annua, lolium perenne, avena fatua, medicago lupulina, trifolium repens, plantago virginica, veronica didyma, echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis, eleusine indica and amaranthus spinosus in orchard ecosystem were used test materials, and their above-and underground biomass and nitrogen uptake were measured. ... | 2005 | 16110678 |
| involvement of nociceptin/orphanin fq in release of hypothalamic gnrh mediated by orl1 receptor in ovariectomized rats. | to investigate effect of the nociceptin/orphanin fq (ofq) on hypothalamus gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) release in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. | 2005 | 16115368 |
| [genetic polymorphism of bluegrass cultivars detected by rapds]. | kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.) is a hardy, persistent forage and turf grass adapted to a wide range of soils and climates. its ever-increasing adoption in highly cared-for sports fields has attracted the attention of many seed companies. however in the past, the breeding of elite varieties was often hampered by the extreme complexity of the genome. the polymorphism is important for broading the genetic basis and may be exploited for application of heterosis. the genetic relationship of 16 ... | 2005 | 16120587 |
| aromatase inhibition abolishes courtship behaviours in the ring dove (streptopelia risoria) and reduces androgen and progesterone receptors in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland. | the aim of this study was to determine in the ring dove, the effects of aromatase inhibition on the expression of aggressive courtship and nest-soliciting behaviours in relation to the distribution of cells containing immunoreactive androgen (ar) and progesterone (pr) receptor in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. isolated sexually experienced ring doves were transferred in opposite sex pairs to individual breeding cages, and then injected with the aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole (four males a ... | 2005 | 16132701 |
| long form leptin receptor mrna expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary during early pregnancy in the pig. | the aim of this study was the detection and location of long form leptin receptor (ob-rb) in different area of hypothalamus and pituitary in the pig during early pregnancy. | 2005 | 16136021 |
| the role of noradrenaline in the generation of the preovulatory lh surge in the ewe. | increasing plasma estrogen (e) levels during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle trigger the pre-ovulatory surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)/lh. noradrenaline (na)-producing cells of the brain stem are involved in regulating gnrh cells and project to the preoptic area (poa) and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (bnst). input to gnrh cells may be direct or indirect, via relay neurons in the poa/bnst. to investigate this, we ascertained whether an alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist wo ... | 2006 | 16139986 |
| evaluation of general behavior, memory, learning performance, and brain sexual differentiation in f1 offspring males of rats treated with flutamide during late gestation. | flutamide is a drug with antiandrogen effects that are mediated through androgen receptors (ars). in this study, flutamide was subcutaneously administered to female rats (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg/day) on gestation days 16-21 to evaluate effects on memory and learning performance in f1 offspring. brain sexual differentiation was also evaluated by measuring the volume of the sexual dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) and analyzing levels of androgen receptor (ar) mrna expression in the prost ... | 2005 | 16141658 |
| sequence homology: a poor predictive value for profilins cross-reactivity. | profilins are highly cross-reactive allergens which bind ige antibodies of almost 20% of plant-allergic patients. this study is aimed at investigating cross-reactivity of melon profilin with other plant profilins and the role of the linear and conformational epitopes in human ige cross-reactivity. | 2005 | 16153305 |
| dopamine d1 and d2 receptor antagonism in the preoptic area produces different effects on maternal behavior in lactating rats. | the preoptic area (poa) is critical for maternal behavior in rats but little is known about what neurotransmitters released here influence maternal responding. poa infusion of 10 microg (but not 2 microg) of the dopamine d1 receptor antagonist sch-23390 greatly impaired retrieval and licking of pups but not other maternal or nonmaternal behaviors in lactating rats. in contrast, poa infusion of 10 microg (but not 2 microg) of the d2 receptor antagonist raclopride facilitated nursing but did not a ... | 2005 | 16187835 |
| polyarticular osteoarthritis--two major phenotypes hypothesized. | osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis, at least amongst caucasians and is frequently polyarticular. genetic factors are now considered pivotal in the aetiopathogenesis of polyarticular osteoarthritis (poa). this document proposes a nexus between the gene most commonly mutated amongst caucasian peoples, notably the hfe gene and an appreciable subset of poa patients who have a clinically recognisable oa phenotype. it is hypothesised that there are at least 2 major poa phenotypes each o ... | 2006 | 16213101 |
| the role of clp-regulated factors in antagonism against magnaporthe poae and biological control of summer patch disease of kentucky bluegrass by lysobacter enzymogenes c3. | a global regulator was previously identified in lysobacter enzymogenes c3, which when mutated, resulted in strains that were greatly reduced in the expression of traits associated with fungal antagonism and devoid of biocontrol activity towards bipolaris leaf-spot of tall fescue and pythium damping-off of sugarbeet. a clp gene homologue belonging to the crp gene family was found to globally regulate enzyme production, antimicrobial activity, and biological control activity expressed by lysobacte ... | 2005 | 16234871 |
| effects of experimental hyperandrogenemia on the female rat reproductive axis: suppression of progesterone-receptor messenger rna expression in the brain and blockade of luteinizing hormone surges. | preovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone (lh) surges depend on activation of estrogen-inducible progesterone receptors (prs) in the hypothalamus. although testosterone treatment can suppress lh secretion under some circumstances, how androgens affect the release of preovulatory hormone surges, and the cellular mechanisms by which androgens exert any such effects, remains unknown. | 2005 | 16290888 |
| growth and nutritive quality of poa pratensis as influenced by ozone and competition. | interspecific plant competition has been hypothesized to alter effects of early-season ozone (o3) stress. a phytometer-based approach was utilized to investigate o3 effects on growth and nutritive quality of poa pratensis grown in monoculture and in mixed cultures with four competitor-plant species (anthoxanthum odoratum, achillea millefolium, rumex acetosa and veronica chamaedrys). mesocosms were exposed during april/may 2000-2002 to charcoal-filtered air+25 ppb o3 (control) or non-filtered air ... | 2006 | 16290915 |
| no difference in activity of sod-1 genotypes of poa annua to short-term treatment of ambient gaseous organic pollution. | our previous studies indicated that genotypes at locus sod-1 of poa annua changed clinally along a gradient of gaseous organic pollution. in the present study, we aimed to know whether there were differential responses of activities of different superoxide dismutase (sod) genotypes to short-term treatment of ambient gaseous organic pollution. significant bias from hardy-weinberg equibrium was observed on locus sod-1, and no genotype sod-1-bb was found. significantly increased activities were obs ... | 2005 | 16313021 |
| physiological and biochemical stress responses in grassland species are influenced by both early-season ozone exposure and interspecific competition. | the effects of two-year early season ozone exposure on physiological and biochemical stress response were investigated in model plant communities. achillea millefolium and veronica chamaedrys target plants were grown in monocultures and in mixed cultures with poa pratensis (phytometer) and exposed in open-top chambers over two years for five weeks to charcoal-filtered (cf) air plus 25 nl l(-1) o3 (control) and non-filtered (nf) air plus 50 nl l(-1) o3. significant o3 effects were detected in dif ... | 2006 | 16321463 |
| generation of large numbers of transgenic kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.) plants following biolistic gene transfer. | a very efficient transformation system, using biolistic bombardment, has been developed for the production of transgenic plants of kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.). embryogenic calli, initiated from immature embryos, were transformed either with pact1ihpt-4 containing the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene or with pdm803 containing the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) gene and the beta-glucuronidase (uida) gene. in total 119 independent transgenic plants were recovered from 15 ... | 2006 | 16328388 |
| effect of elevated tropospheric ozone on the structure of bacterial communities inhabiting the rhizosphere of herbaceous plants native to germany. | current elevated concentrations of ozone in the atmosphere, as they are observed during summer seasons, can cause severe effects on plant vegetation. this study was initiated to analyze whether ozone-stressed plants also transfer signals below ground and thereby alter the bacterial community composition in their rhizospheres. herbaceous plants, native to germany, with tolerance (anthoxanthum odoratum, achillea millefolium, poa pratensis, rumex acetosa, and veronica chamaedrys) and sensitivity (m ... | 2005 | 16332747 |
| type 1 fimbria-mediated adhesion of enteric bacteria to grass roots. | type 1 fimbriae of klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter agglomerans mediated bacterial adhesion to the roots of bluegrass, poa pratensis. purified, radiolabeled fimbriae bound to grass roots in vitro; binding was inhibited by alpha-methyl-d-mannoside or fab fragments to the fimbriae. anti-type 1 fimbriae fab fragments and alpha-methyl-d-mannoside also inhibited adhesion of type 1-fimbriated bacteria to p. pratensis roots. it is proposed that associative nitrogen fixation by klebsiella and ente ... | 1985 | 16346792 |
| associative nitrogen fixation by klebsiella spp.: adhesion sites and inoculation effects on grass roots. | adhesion sites on grass roots for klebsiella strains carrying type 3 or type 1 fimbriae or both were determined. adhesion of the strains to the roots of poa pratensis and festuca rubra was highly localized; the bacteria adhered strongly to root hairs and with a markedly lower efficiency to the surface of the zone of elongation and to the root cap mucilage. no adhesion to the epidermal cells between root hairs was observed. the adhesion sites were identical for the type 3- and 1-fimbriated bacter ... | 1986 | 16347205 |
| direct pyrogenic input from prostaglandin ep3 receptor-expressing preoptic neurons to the dorsomedial hypothalamus. | fever is induced by a neuronal mechanism in the brain. prostaglandin (pg) e2 acts as a pyrogenic mediator in the preoptic area (poa) probably through the ep3 subtype of pge receptor expressed on gabaergic neurons, and this pge2 action triggers neuronal pathways for sympathetic thermogenesis in peripheral effector organs including brown adipose tissue (bat). to explore pyrogenic efferent pathways from the poa, we determined projection targets of ep3 receptor-expressing poa neurons with a special ... | 2005 | 16367780 |
| microarray profiling of gene expression patterns in adult male rat brain following acute progesterone treatment. | progesterone can influence various behaviors in adult male rats, however, little is known about which particular genes are regulated by progesterone in the male rat brain. using focused microarray technology, we where able to define a subset of genes that are responsive to progesterone. nylon membrane-based cdna microarrays were used to profile gene expression patterns in the preoptic area/mediobasal hypothalamus (poa/mbh) of male rat brain 7 h following a single injection of progesterone. rna w ... | 2006 | 16376865 |
| insecticides and arable weeds: effects on germination and seedling growth. | the decline of many arable weed species in northern europe has been attributed to the intensification of modern agriculture and in particular, increasing pesticide use. in this study, we examined the effect of two insecticides, dimethoate and deltamethrin, on the germination and seedling growth of six arable weed species. although germination was unaffected by insecticide application, seedling growth of four species was decreased by exposure to deltamethrin (capsella bursa-pastoris and poa annua ... | 2005 | 16385742 |
| fall fertilization timing effects on nitrate leaching and turfgrass color and growth. | fall season fertilization is a widely recommended practice for turfgrass. fertilizer applied in the fall, however, may be subject to substantial leaching losses. a field study was conducted in connecticut to determine the timing effects of fall fertilization on nitrate n (no3-n) leaching, turf color, shoot density, and root mass of a 90% kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), 10% creeping red fescue (festuca rubra l.) lawn. treatments consisted of the date of fall fertilization: 15 september, 15 ... | 2006 | 16391287 |
| subsurface transport of cd, cr, and mo mediated by biosolid colloids. | the potential of biosolid colloids to transport metals associated with organic-waste amendments through subsurface soil environments was investigated with leaching experiments involving undisturbed soil monoliths. the monoliths (25 cm in height and 18 cm in diameter) were carved from the upper solum of an alfisol, a mollisol, and an entisol in the bluegrass region of kentucky. biosolid colloids were fractionated from two municipal wastes (lime-stabilized/lsb, and aerobically-digested/adb), and a ... | 2006 | 16398992 |
| microinjection of prostaglandin e2 and muscimol into the preoptic area in conscious rats: comparison of effects on plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth), body temperature, locomotor activity, and cardiovascular function. | the preoptic area (poa) is thought to play an important role in thermoregulation and fever. local application of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) to this region elicits increases in core body temperature, heart rate, and plasma levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth). similar effects on body temperature and heart rate have also been reported after local application of the gabaa receptor agonist muscimol to the preoptic area. the purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effects of microin ... | 2006 | 16406311 |
| [allelopathy and chemical constituents of ligularia virgaurea volatile]. | ligularia virgaurea is a noxious weed widely distributed on the psychro-grasslands of east qinghai-tibet plateau of china, but the allelopathic effects of its volatile is less known. in this study, the allelopathy of l. virgaurea volatile to 5 kinds of grasses was examined, and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gc-ms. the results demonstrated that the volatile of growing l. virgaurea could inhibit the seed germination speed and germination rate of all tested grasses. the inhibitory effe ... | 2005 | 16422498 |
| steroid hormone mediation of limbic brain plasticity and aggression in free-living tree lizards, urosaurus ornatus. | the neural mechanisms by which steroid hormones regulate aggression are unclear. although testosterone and its metabolites are involved in both the regulation of aggression and the maintenance of neural morphology, it is unknown whether these changes are functionally related. we addressed the hypothesis that parallel changes in steroid levels and brain volumes are involved in the regulation of adult aggression. we examined the relationships between seasonal hormone changes, aggressive behavior, ... | 2006 | 16442108 |
| rapid neural fos responses to oestradiol in oestrogen receptor alphabeta double knockout mice. | the standard mode of action for oestradiol is via activation of nuclear oestrogen receptors (ers), which initiate dna transcription leading to protein formation. in the present study, we examined the rapid and potentially er-independent action of oestradiol using fos as a marker of neural activity. we assessed fos immunoreactivity (ir) in brains of mice with functional versus nonfunctional ers. fos-ir was compared in brains of control mice that did and did not receive oestradiol treatment prior ... | 2006 | 16454803 |
| interleukin-1 mediates endothelin-1-induced fever and prostaglandin production in the preoptic area of rats. | the intracerebroventricular injection of endothelin-1 (et-1) induces fever and increases pg levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats. likewise, the injection of il-1 into the preoptic area (poa) of the rat hypothalamus causes both fever and increased pg production. in this study, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments in the rat to investigate 1) the hypothalamic region involved in et-1-induced fever and pg biosynthesis and 2) whether hypothalamic il-1 plays a role as a mediator of the a ... | 2006 | 16455768 |
| endotoxic fever: new concepts of its regulation suggest new approaches to its management. | endotoxic fever is regulated by endogenous factors that provide pro- and anti-pyretic signals at different points along the febrigenic pathway, from the periphery to the brain. current evidence indicates that the febrile response to invading gram-negative bacteria and their products is initiated upon their arrival in the liver via the circulation and their uptake by kupffer cells (kc). these pathogens activate the complement cascade on contact, hence generating complement component 5a. it, in tu ... | 2006 | 16460809 |
| changes in alpha-estradiol receptor and progesterone receptor expression in the locus coeruleus and preoptic area throughout the rat estrous cycle. | we have previously shown that the locus coeruleus (lc) is essential for triggering surges of lh. since lc neurons are responsive to estradiol, which induces progesterone receptor (pr) expression, this study aimed to investigate whether lc neurons express the alpha-estradiol receptor (alphaer) and pr as well as comparing such responses to that observed in the preoptic area (poa). female rats were perfused at 10, 14 and 16 h on each day of the estrous cycle, and a blood sample was collected for es ... | 2006 | 16461543 |
| opposite effects of daylength and temperature on flowering and summer dormancy of poa bulbosa. | the timing of flowering and summer dormancy induction plays a central role in the adaptation of mediterranean geophytes to changes in the length of the growth season along rainfall gradients. our aim was to analyse the role of the variation in the responses of flowering and summer dormancy to vernalization, daylength and growth temperature for the adaptation of poa bulbosa, a perennial geophytic grass, to increasing aridity. | 2006 | 16467351 |
| rostral ventromedial periaqueductal gray: a source of inhibition of the sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue. | central inhibitory pathways play a significant role in determining the level of sympathetic outflow to the cold defense efferents in mammals. we tested the hypothesis that neurons in the rostral ventromedial periaqueductal gray (rvmpag) are a source of inhibitory regulation of the sympathetic nerve activity (sna) to brown adipose tissue (bat). in urethane/chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated rats, microinjection of pge2 (200 pmol in 70 nl) into the medial preoptic area (po ... | 2006 | 16499889 |
| variability of gnrh secretion in two goby species with socially controlled alternative male mating tactics. | male reproductive phenotypic plasticity related to environmental-social conditions is common among teleost fish. in several species, males adopt different mating tactics depending on their size, monopolizing mates when larger, while parasitizing dominant male spawns when smaller. males performing alternative mating tactics are often characterized by a strong dimorphism in both primary and secondary reproductive traits. according to studies on sex-changing species and on species where only one ma ... | 2006 | 16530763 |
| [brain sex: just beginning to pave the way]. | it has become clear that a sexual brain dimorphism exists between males and females and animal studies have shown specific circuits developing depending on the sex. since the first studies by gorski, in rats, characterizing a sexually dimorphic nucleus in the pre optic area (sdn-poa) it has been accepted that the male sex imprint is done by estradiol, locally converted from testosterone through the action of a local aromatase. the presence of estradiol inhibits the apoptosis of the cells of sdn, ... | 2006 | 16544033 |
| intrauterine proximity to male fetuses affects the morphology of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in the adult rat brain. | previous studies on polytocous rodents have revealed that the fetal intrauterine position influences its later anatomy, physiology, reproductive performance and behavior. to investigate whether the position of a fetus in the uterus modifies the development of the brain, we examined whether the structure of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) of rat brains accorded to their intrauterine positions. brain sections of adult rats gestated between two male fetuses (2m) and be ... | 2006 | 16553785 |
| the preoptic hypothalamus and basal forebrain play opposing roles in the descending modulation of sleep and wakefulness in infant rats. | recent findings in infant rats suggest that the preoptic area (poa) and/or basal forebrain (bf) contribute to developmental changes in sleep and wake organization between postnatal day 2 (p2) and p9. to examine the contributions of these forebrain areas to sleep and wakefulness, separate lesions of the poa or bf, or combined lesions (poa + bf), were performed at p9, and precollicular transections were performed at p2. in addition, modafinil, a drug of unknown mechanism of action the effects of w ... | 2006 | 16553791 |
| leptin and long form of leptin receptor genes expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary during the luteal phase and early pregnancy in pigs. | leptin is a polypeptide that plays a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and is also linked, among others, to mechanisms controlling reproductive processes. data concerning the involvement of leptin in controlling reproductive functions at the level of hypothalamus and pituitary in the pig are limited. therefore, in the present study, an expression of genes coding for leptin and long-form leptin receptor (ob-rb) was determined by a semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase c ... | 2006 | 16601318 |
| the introgression of a functional nuclear gene from poa to festuca ovina. | in sheep's fescue, festuca ovina, genes coding for the cytosolic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase, pgic, are not only found at the standard locus, pgic1, but also at a segregating second locus, pgic2. we have used pcr-based sequencing to characterize the molecular structure and evolution of five pgic1 and three pgic2 alleles in f. ovina. the three pgic2 alleles were complex in that they carried two gene copies: either two active genes or one active and one pseudogene. all the pgic2 sequences were ... | 2006 | 16615204 |
| an easy and rapid method using microscopy to determine herbicide effects in poaceae weed species. | a new, easy, rapid and relatively inexpensive method using microscopy has been developed for the detection of herbicide effects in leaves of grass weed species displaying no visual signs of damage. the method has potential to be used as a tool to indicate future death of grass species due to herbicide exposure by observing phytochemical effects, i.e. early-warning effects. in the present study, apera spica-venti (l.) beauv., bromus hordeaceus l., alopecurus myosuroides huds., lolium perenne l. a ... | 2006 | 16628541 |
| permanent effects of postnatal administration of beta-adrenergic ligands on the volume of sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) in rats. | beta-adrenergic ligands have been shown to influence sexual differentiation of the brain. in the present study we document that short postnatal treatment with beta-adrenergic agonists or antagonists may permanently reverse the morphological sex of the brain, as judged by the volume of sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa). female rats treated by beta(2)-adrenergic stimulating ligands exhibit an increased, male type sdn-poa volume while male rats treated by beta1-adrenergic an ... | 2006 | 16648786 |
| responses of kentucky bluegrass to variations in temperature, light, cutting, and fertilizing. | | 1934 | 16652876 |
| effect of heavy and late applications of nitrogenous fertilizer on the cold resistance of kentucky bluegrass. | | 1939 | 16653556 |