| genetic analysis of salinity tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the genetics of salinity tolerance in rice was investigated by a nine-parent complete diallel including reciprocals. test materials involved susceptible (ir28, ir29, and mi-48), moderately tolerant (ir4595-4-1-13, ir9884-54-3-1e-p1, and ir10206-29-2-1), and tolerant ("nona bokra", "pokkali", and sr26b) parents. twoweek-old seedlings were grown in a salinized (ec = 12 ds/m) culture solution for 19 days under controlled conditions in the irri phytotron. typical characteristics of salinity toleranc ... | 1993 | 24193479 |
| mutants having a low content of 16-kda allergenic protein in rice (oryza sativa l.). | rice mutants containing low levels of the 16-kda allergenic protein, which is the main allergen in the rice grain for patients of atopic dermatitis due to the intake of rice, were screened, and 4 independent mutant lines with small amounts of this protein were found by sds gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis. these mutants were grouped into two types. two mutant lines, 85kg-4 and 86rg-18, contained low levels of the 16k-da and 26-kda polypeptides and a high level of the 57-kda polypeptid ... | 1993 | 24193476 |
| characterization of protein synthesis by isolated rice mitochondria. | bacteria-free mitochondria were isolated from aseptically grown, etiolated and green seedlings of both cytoplasmic male-sterile (wa-type) and male-fertile rice (oryza sativa l.). protein synthesis in these isolated mitochondria was characterized by gel electrophoresis/fluorography and by the incorporation of [(35)s]-methionine into protein. in the presence of cycloheximide, a set of some 25 discrete polypeptides and an electrophoretically unresolved population were synthesized. this pattern of p ... | 1993 | 24193475 |
| changes in the content of two glutamate synthase proteins in spikelets of rice (oryza sativa) plants during ripening. | nitrogen accumulation in the apical spikelets on the primary branches of the main stem of rice plants have been studied during the ripening process (0-35 d after flowering). the level of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (gogat) protein and activity increased 4- and 6-fold, respectively, in the first 15 d after flowering. maximum levels of nadh-gogat were found at that time when the spikelets had just begun to increase in dry weight and to accumulate storage proteins. subsequently, both the leve ... | 1993 | 12231780 |
| comparative study on the chloroplast, mitochondrial and nuclear genome differentiation in two cultivated rice species, oryza sativa and o. glaberrima, by rflp analyses. | restriction fragment length polymorphisms of chloroplast (ct), mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear dna were investigated using eight cultivars of oryza sativa and two cultivars of o. glaberrima. relative variability in the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes was estimated by a common measure, genetic distance. based on the average genetic distances among ten cultivars for each genome, the evolutionary variabilities of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes were found to be almost the same, whereas the var ... | 1993 | 24193387 |
| changes in translatable mrna populations induced in rice seedlings by exposure to freeze-thaw stress. | in order to examine whether changes in gene expression are induced by injury in seedlings of rice (oryza sativa) after a lethal freeze-thaw stress. mrnas were extracted and their in vitro translation products were compared with those of the control plants by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. an mrna encoding an entirely new protein with m(r) of ca. 37 kda was detected as early as 30 min of thawing at 28 degrees c. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed the induction of mrnas for at least ... | 1993 | 8485458 |
| use of bar as a selectable marker gene and for the production of herbicide-resistant rice plants from protoplasts. | we have used the bar gene in combination with the herbicide basta to select transformed rice (oryza sativa l. cv. radon) protoplasts for the production of herbicide-resistant rice plants. protoplasts, obtained from regenerable suspension cultures established from immature embryo callus, were transformed using peg-mediated dna uptake. transformed calli could be selected 2-4 weeks after placing the protoplast-derived calli on medium containing the selective agent, phosphinothricin (ppt), the activ ... | 1993 | 8467080 |
| nucleotide sequence of a rice (oryza sativa) prolamin storage protein gene, rp6. | | 1993 | 8310050 |
| cdna cloning and sequence analysis of a pathogen-induced thaumatin-like protein from rice (oryza sativa). | | 1993 | 8310049 |
| phylogenetic distribution and genetic mapping of a (ggc)n microsatellite from rice (oryza sativa l.). | dna microsatellites are ubiquitously present in eukaryotic genomes and represent a vast source of highly informative markers. we describe in this article a (ggc)n microsatellite which is widely distributed in eukaryotic genomes. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques and dna sequencing, we demonstrated for the first time in plant species that a (ggc)n microsatellite locus is moderately polymorphic. six alleles are present at this locus in rice and length polymorphisms are caused by var ... | 1993 | 8448360 |
| a transcription map of the chloroplast genome from rice (oryza sativa). | the complete nucleotide sequence (134,525 bp) of the chloroplast genome from rice (oryza sativa l.) contains four rrna genes, 30 trna genes, and over 100 genes that encode proteins. however, expression of only a few of these genes, namely psba, rbcl, and atpb/e, has been detected. we constructed the complete transcription map of rice chloroplast dna by northern hybridization of total rna from rice seedlings, using subclones from a clone bank of rice chloroplast dna as probes. approximately 90% o ... | 1993 | 8381719 |
| cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase is a single gene in rice. | a cdna clone encoding rice (oryza sativa l.) cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), an important glycolytic enzyme, was isolated and characterized. the clone (prtpi-6) contains an open reading frame of 759 base pairs, encoding a polypeptide chain of 253 amino acid residues (m(r) 27,060). the identity of this clone was defined by its high homology (85% nucleotide sequence and 89% amino acid sequence identical match) with a maize mrna sequence encoding the cytosolic tpi and with tpis from othe ... | 1993 | 8278510 |
| a major photoperiod-sensitivity gene tagged with rflp and isozyme markers in rice. | photoperiod-sensitive rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars are widely grown in rainfed lowland areas with unfavorable water regimes. a molecular marker for the trait would be useful in genetic and physiological studies and in developing improved photoperiod-sensitive cultivars. previous genetic studies identified a major gene for photoperiod sensitivity on chromosome 6. we have tested an isozyme marker and several rflp probes mapping to chromosome 6 in an attempt to identify marker(s) tightly linked ... | 1993 | 24195926 |
| state of the foreign gene and of the genome in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.). | pcr with random primers (rapd analysis) performed on the dna of embryogenic and non-embryogenic suspension cultured rice and of transformed rice plants allows the evaluation of the extent of dna changes in the different biological materials. this is thus suggested as a convenient approach, in combination with restriction analysis and southerns blotting, to evaluate the integrity of the foreign gene, the stability of the insertion site and the stability of the whole genome. | 1993 | 22358675 |
| identification of the entire set of transferred chloroplast dna sequences in the mitochondrial genome of rice. | the entire set of transferred chloroplast dna sequences in the mitochondrial genome of rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) was identified using clone banks that cover the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. the mitochondrial fragments that were homologous to chloroplast dna were mapped and sequenced. the nucleotide sequences around the termini of integrated chloroplast sequences in the rice mtdna revealed no common sequences or structures that might enhance the transfer of dna. sixteen chlorop ... | 1993 | 8437578 |
| responses to continuous and discontinuous nacl stress of long-term cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells. | rice (oryza sativa l.) cells, grown under a continuous stress of 1.5% nacl, produced a homogeneous mass of dry, compact, nodular callus with high regeneration potential, typical of embryogenic cultures. when transferred and subcultured in conditions without salt, the pre-adapted cells underwent several changes, leading to the formation of heterogeneous populations that comprised different cell types. this newly formed callus, in the 6-month period without salt stress, resembled cell populations ... | 1993 | 8184630 |
| state of the foreign gene and of the genome in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.). | pcr with random primers (rapd analysis) performed on the dna of embryogenic and non-embryogenic suspension cultured rice and of transformed rice plants allows the evaluation of the extent of dna changes in the different biological materials. this is thus suggested as a convenient approach, in combination with restriction analysis and southerns blotting, to evaluate the integrity of the foreign gene, the stability of the insertion site and the stability of the whole genome. | 1993 | 7763739 |
| fertile indica and japonica rice plants regenerated from protoplasts isolated from embryogenic haploid suspension cultures. | a system to regenerate fertile rice (oryza sativa l.) plants (both indica and japonica varieties) from protoplasts isolated from anther-derived embryogenic haploid suspension cultures has been established. green plants were regenerated from protoplast-derived cell clusters five months after suspension culture initiation. protoplast yields and subsequent growth of the protoplast-derived microcalli were enhanced by transferring suspension cells into aa medium (muller et al. 1978) three to four day ... | 1992 | 24201730 |
| distinctive responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase in wheat leaves to nitrogen nutrition and their possible relationships to co(2)-transfer resistance. | the amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), total chlorophyll (chl), and total leaf nitrogen were measured in fully expanded, young leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), and pea (pisum sativum l.). in addition, the activities of whole-chain electron transport and carbonic anhydrase were measured. all plants were grown hydroponically at different nitrogen concentrations. although ... | 1992 | 16653191 |
| changes in cytokinin activities and mass spectrometric analysis of cytokinins in root exudates of rice plant (oryza sativa l.) : comparison between cultivars nipponbare and akenohoshi. | changes in exudation rate and cytokinin activities in the exudates were measured in two varieties of rice (oryza sativa l.), cv nipponbare (a japanese normal cultivar) and cv akenohoshi (a high-yielding cultivar). the exudation rates of akenohoshi, the leaves of which remained green for a longer time, were higher than those of nipponbare after the booting stage. cytokinin activities in the exudates of akenohoshi were higher than those of nipponbare during the ripening period. cytokinins in the e ... | 1992 | 16653189 |
| isolation of genes abundantly expressed in rice anthers at the microspore stage. | a cdna library of rice (oryza sativa l.) has been constructed from anthers at an early stage of pollen development. by differential screening of the library, we have isolated cdnas of two genes, designated as osc4 and osc6, that are abundantly expressed in anthers containing tetrads and uninucleate microspores, but are not expressed in leaves or roots. expression of osc4 is absent in mature anthers, while osc6 is present although the expression decays during pollen maturation. a comparison of th ... | 1992 | 1463854 |
| plant regeneration from haploid cell suspension-derived protoplasts of mediterranean rice (oryza sativa l. cv. miara). | more than 750 plants were regenerated from protoplasts isolated from microspore callus-derived cell suspensions of the mediterranean japonica rice miara, using a nurse-feeder technique and n6-based culture medium. the mean plating efficiency and the mean regeneration ability of the protocalluses were 0.5% and 49% respectively. flow cytometric evaluation of the dna contents of 7 month old-cell and protoplast suspensions showed that they were still haploid. contrastingly, the dna contents of leaf ... | 1992 | 24213364 |
| effect of anoxia on starch breakdown in rice and wheat seeds. | the capabilities of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds (caryopses) to degrade starchy reserves present in the endosperm tissue were compared under anaerobic conditions. the results showed that rice, a species highly tolerant to anoxia, can readily break down starch under anaerobiosis concomitant with germination, while wheat does not germinate and fails to degrade starch present in the endosperm. this clearly distinct behavior is likely the consequence of the successfu ... | 1992 | 24178396 |
| tissue distribution of glutamate synthase and glutamine synthetase in rice leaves : occurrence of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase protein and activity in the unexpanded, nongreen leaf blades. | to further explore the function of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (gogat), the tissue distribution of nadh-gogat protein and activity was investigated in rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves. the distributions of ferredoxin (fd)-dependent gogat, plastidic glutamine synthetase, and cytosolic glutamine synthetase proteins were also determined in the same tissues. high levels of nadh-gogat protein (33.1 mug protein/g fresh weight) and activity were detected in the 10th leaf blade before emergence. the ... | 1992 | 16653141 |
| seed dormancy in red rice : viii. embryo acidification during dormancy-breaking and subsequent germination. | exposure of dehulled, dormant red rice (oryza sativa) seeds to dormancy-breaking treatments (10 mm sodium nitrite, 20 mm propionic acid, 30 mm methyl propionate, 40 mm propionaldehyde, or 70 mmn-propanol) induced tissue ph acidification during chemical contact at least 12 h before visible germination. during chemical contact, the onset of embryo acidification occurred before or coincident with the chemical contact interval necessary for subsequent germination. upon seed transfer to h(2)o followi ... | 1992 | 16653105 |
| herbicide-resistant indica rice plants from irri breeding line ir72 after peg-mediated transformation of protoplasts. | the commercially important indica rice cultivar oryza sativa cv. ir72 has been transformed using direct gene transfer to protoplasts. peg-mediated transformation was done with two plasmid constructs containing either a camv 35s promoter/hph chimaeric gene conferring resistance to hygromycin (hg) or a camv 35s promoter/bar chimaeric gene conferring resistance to a commercial herbicide (basta) containing phosphinothricin (ppt). we have obtained so far 92 hgr and 170 pptr ir72 plants from protoplas ... | 1992 | 1333295 |
| simple dehydration treatment promotes plantlet regeneration of rice (oryza sativa l.) callus. | to increase plantlet regeneration frequency, rice callus was dehydrated in a petri dish with a single layer of filter paper prior to transfer to the regeneration medium. with a 24 h dehydration treatment, the regeneration frequency was increased to 47 %, while the regeneration frequency of the untreated control was less than 5 %. this relatively simple method provides an alternative method for improving the regeneration frequency of rice callus. | 1992 | 24213284 |
| gibberellin-induced growth and regulation of the cell division cycle in deepwater rice. | excised stem sections of deepwater rice (oryza sativa l., cv. pin gaew 56) containing the highest internode were used to study induction of rapid internodal elongation by gibberellin. it has been shown previously that this growth response is based on an increased cell production rate in the intercalary meristem and on increased cell elongation. our investigations were aimed at establishing the temporal sequence of these ga-regulated processes. cell sizes were determined by scanning electron micr ... | 1992 | 24178326 |
| variation in free-radical damage in rice cell suspensions with different embryogenic potentials. | levels of free-radical-mediated lipid peroxidation were monitored in cell-suspension cultures of oryza sativa l. possessing different embryogenic potentials. oxidative stress was evaluated using assays which sequentially assessed the stages of lipid peroxidation (diene conjugation, peroxidation, and the formation of secondary lipid-peroxidation products). lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in a cell line which had lost embryogenic ability compared with lines which still retained this ca ... | 1992 | 24178318 |
| nucleotide sequence of a cdna encoding a beta subunit of the mitochondrial atpase from rice (oryza sativa). | | 1992 | 1387558 |
| chromosome location of oryza sativa recombination linkage groups. | in situ hybridization, a powerful tool for the molecular cytogeneticist, can be used to physically map repetitive, low-copy, and unique dna sequences in plant chromosomes. with the availability of a recombination map in oryza sativa l. and an improved in situ hybridization technique, this study was designed to establish the relationship between the genetic and physical distances of the rice restriction fragment length polymorphism map. analysis indicated that considerable variation can exist bet ... | 1992 | 1356266 |
| identification of specific proteins from seed embryos by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for the discrimination between indica and japonica rice. | proteins extracted from seed embryos of 29 different cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) and one wild rice (o. rufipogon griff.) were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis. among more than 300 protein spots on the gel we found some interesting variations in ten spots which were individually designated as proteins a-j. protein e was observed in all indica cultivars but was not found in those of the subspecies japonica. in contrast, protein f was only detected in japonica cultivar ... | 1992 | 24201498 |
| segregation distortion via male gametes in hybrids between indica and japonica or wide-compatibility varieties of rice (oryza sativa l). | one or two marker genes on each of chromosomes 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12 of the 12 rice chromosomes were tested for segregation distortion in indica-japonica hybrids. marker genes on chromosomes 3, 7, 8, 11 and 12 showed clear segregation distortion. this distortion was not related to the proportion of normal pollen. the germinability of the pollen was less than 10% in the hybrids, although 45-55% of the pollen grains appeared to be morphologically normal. the frequent occurrence of segregation d ... | 1992 | 24201479 |
| ethylene-induced polyamine accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptiles. | effects of ethylene on free polyamine biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l. cv taichung native 1) coleoptiles were investigated in sealed and aerobic conditions. in sealed conditions, putrescine increased significantly and coincided with ethylene accumulation. application of ethylene in sealed containers promoted putrescine accumulation over that in sealed controls. this ethylene-enhanced putrescine accumulation was inhibited by the ethylene action inhibitor 2,5-norbornadiene at 4000 mul/l. in a ... | 1992 | 16652953 |
| the amino acid sequence of a 20 kda bifunctional subtilisin/alpha-amylase inhibitor from bran [correction of brain] of rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds. | a 20 kda bifunctional inhibitor of the microbial proteinase, subtilisin, and the alpha-amylase from the larvae of the red flour beetle (tribolium castaneum) was purified from bran of rice seeds by saline extraction, precipitation with ammonium sulphate, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and toyopearl cm-650, and preparative hplc on vydac c18. the complete primary structure was determined by automatic degradation of the intact, reduced and s-alkylated protein, and by manual dabitc/pit ... | 1992 | 1511747 |
| rflp analysis of rice (oryza sativa l.) introgression lines. | fifty-two introgression lines (bc2f8) from crosses between two oryza sativa parents and five accessions of o. officinalis were analyzed for the introgression of o. officinalis chromosome segments. dna from the parents and introgression lines was analyzed with 177 rflp markers located at approximately 10-cm intervals over the rice chromosomes. most probe/enzyme combinations detected rflps between the parents. of the 174 informative markers, 28 identified putative o. officinalis introgressed chrom ... | 1992 | 24201348 |
| two oryza sativa genomic dna clones encoding 16.9-kilodalton heat-shock proteins. | | 1992 | 16669102 |
| methyl jasmonate, calcium, and leaf senescence in rice. | the possible involvement of calcium in the regulation of methyl jasmonate-promoted senescence of detached rice (oryza sativa) leaves was investigated. calcium effectively reduced methyl jasmonate-promoted senescence of detached rice leaves. the effect of methyl jasmonate on the senescence was also significantly reduced by calcium ionophore a23187. methyl jasmonate-promoted senescence of detached rice leaves may be mediated through blocking the entrance of calcium ions into the cytosol. | 1992 | 16669094 |
| vascular bundle-specific localization of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in rice leaves. | tissue localizations of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1; ec 6.3.1.2), chloroplastic gs (gs2), and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (fd-gogat; ec 1.4.7.1) in rice (oryza sativa l.) leaf blades were investigated using a tissue-print immunoblot method with specific antibodies. the cross-sections of mature and senescent leaf blades from middle and basal regions were used for tissue printing. the anti-gs1 antibody, raised against a synthetic 17-residue peptide corresponding to the deduced ... | 1992 | 16669062 |
| characterization of cis-acting elements regulating transcription from the promoter of a constitutively active rice actin gene. | the promoter of the constitutively expressed rice (oryza sativa) actin 1 gene (act1) is highly active in transformed rice plants (w. zhang, d. mcelroy, and r. wu, plant cell 3:1150-1160, 1991). a region 834 bp upstream of the act1 transcription initiation site contains all the regulatory elements necessary for maximal gene expression in transformed rice protoplasts (d. mcelroy, w. zhang, j. cao, and r. wu, plant cell 2:163-171, 1990). we have constructed a series of act1 promoter deletions fused ... | 1992 | 1630454 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of gravity specific cdna in rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension callus. | rice (oryza sativa l. var. nipponbare) suspension callus was exposed to gravity stress at 450,000 g for 2 hours, after which poly(a)+rna was isolated and a cdna library was constructed. three different gravity specific cdnas, namely, gsc 128, gsc 233 and gsc 381 of 0.67, 0.60 and 0.68 kilobase pairs and transcripts of 1.9, 1.6 and 2.0 kb, respectively, were isolated by differential screening and northern hybridization. the maximum level of transcript was achieved after 4 hours of exposure to gra ... | 1992 | 1363521 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of genes related to chilling tolerance in rice. | polyadenylated rna was isolated and a cdna library constructed from seedlings of a chilling-tolerant rice cultivar (oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica cv nipponbare). four clones were isolated by differential screening. northern blot hybridization using rnas from chilling-tolerant (nipponbare) and -sensitive (ir36) cultivars revealed higher steady-state levels of transcripts for the four genes in nipponbare than in ir36 maintained at the same low temperatures. the accumulation of transcripts homolo ... | 1992 | 16668981 |
| efficient fertile plant regeneration from protoplasts of the indica rice breeding line ir72 (oryza sativa l.). | protoplasts were isolated from embryogenic cell suspensions obtained from mature seed derived embryogenic callus of the advanced indica type rice breeding line ir72 available from irri (international rice research institute), manila. culture of protoplasts with the agarose bead type method without nurse culture led to sustained proliferation of protoplast derived clones. a simple culture protocol was developed which stimulated embryogenic development. germination of somatic embryos has so far pr ... | 1992 | 24203129 |
| characterization of a rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant deficient in the heme domain of nitrate reductase. | biochemical and genetical characterization of a rice nitrate reductase (nr)-deficient mutant, m819, which had been isolated as a chlorate-resistant mutant, was carried out. in m819, leaf nadh-nr activity was found to be about 10% of that of the wild-type cv 'norin 8', while nadph-nr activity was higher than that in the wild-type; fmnh2-nr and mv-nr activities were also 10% of those of the wild type; bpb-nr activity was higher than that of the wild type; and xanthine dehydrogenase activity was re ... | 1992 | 24203021 |
| nucleotide sequence of a complementary dna encoding plasma membrane h-atpase from rice (oryza sativa l.). | | 1992 | 16668962 |
| co(2) enhancement of growth and photosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa) : modification by increased ultraviolet-b radiation. | two cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) ir-36 and fujiyama-5 were grown at ambient (360 microbars) and elevated co(2) (660 microbars) from germination through reproduction in unshaded greenhouses at the duke university phytotron. growth at elevated co(2) resulted in significant decreases in nighttime respiration and increases in photosynthesis, total biomass, and yield for both cultivars. however, in plants exposed to simultaneous increases in co(2) and ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation, co(2) enha ... | 1992 | 16668910 |
| cultivar differences in leaf photosynthesis of rice bred in japan. | the grain yield of rice (oryza sativa l.), as well as of other cereal crops, is limited to a large extent, by the supply of photosynthates produced during grain filling period. in this study, flag leaf photosynthesis (lps) after heading was compared among 32 cultivars bred during the past century in japan, to determine if the improvement of lps has occurred with the breeding advance of high yielding cultivars. measurement of lps was made for 5 consecutive years in the paddy field, on the flag le ... | 1992 | 24408284 |
| nucleotide sequence of the rice (oryza sativa) em protein gene (emp1). | | 1992 | 1623185 |
| nucleotide sequences of two cdna clones encoding different cu/zn-superoxide dismutases expressed in developing rice seed (oryza sativa l.). | | 1992 | 1623183 |
| genomic structure of the gene for copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase in rice. | we have isolated and determined the nucleotide sequence of the structural gene (sodb) coding for one of the copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (cu/zn-sod) isozymes from rice plants (oryza sativa l.). the sodb gene is split into 8 exons spread about 2 kb of the chromosomal dna, with the coding sequence beginning in the 2nd and ending in the 8th. although none of sodb introns are inserted into similar positions in cu/zn-sod genes from other sources, four of six introns in the protein-coding region a ... | 1992 | 1568478 |
| genome specificity of rdna spacer fragments from oryza sativa l. | the intergenic spacer derived from a cloned rdna unit from a cultivated rice was dissected into several subclones, which were used as probes to analyze sequence homologies between rdna spacers from wild rice belonging to genome types aa, bb, cc, ee, ff, bbcc, and ccdd. this analysis allowed us to detect several regions with different degrees of homology. a series of 250-260 bp repeats is located in the central part of the aa spacer. this sequence cross-hybridizes with the bb, cc, bbcc, and ff ge ... | 1992 | 24202765 |
| regulation of em gene expression in rice : interaction between osmotic stress and abscisic acid. | expression of the em gene was characterized in rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension cultures following exposure of the cultures to various combinations of abscisic acid (aba) and salt. response-saturating concentrations of either aba (50 micromolar) or nacl (0.4 molar) rapidly induced (by 60 minutes) the accumulation of em mrna, with a maximum accumulation occurring 12 to 24 hours after treatment. nacl-induced em expression was accompanied by a doubling of endogenous aba levels as determined by imm ... | 1992 | 16668800 |
| changes in cytosolic glutamine synthetase polypeptide and its mrna in a leaf blade of rice plants during natural senescence. | changes in the levels of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1) and chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (gs2) polypeptides and of their corresponding mrnas have been investigated in segments of the 13th leaf of hydroponically grown rice (oryza sativa l.) plants during natural senescence. the leaf blade on the main stem at early (0 day), middle (15 days), and late (25 days) stages of senescence was harvested and cut into 18 or 19 segments, 2 centimeters in length from the base to the tip. the amount ... | 1992 | 16668795 |
| purification, characterization, and immunological properties of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase from rice cell cultures. | to obtain a monospecific antibody against nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (nadh-gogat; ec 1.4.1.14), the enzyme was purified to homogeneity from cultured rice cells (oryza sativa) with column chromatography using butyl toyopearl 650m, sephacryl s-300, blue sepharose cl-6b, and butyl toyopearl 650s. the specific activity at the final stage of the purification was 9.8 micromoles of glutamate formed per minute per milligram of protein. the yield was 6.1% and purification was 815-fold. analysis by ... | 1992 | 16668794 |
| presence of three rice sucrose synthase genes as revealed by cloning and sequencing of cdna. | by sequencing cdna clones, we have concluded that three distinct sucrose genes are expressed in rice (oryza sativa cv. tainong 67). when the amino acid sequences deduced from these cdnas as well as those of known sucrose synthase are compared, the highest divergence is found in the c-termini. the most suitable dna sequences for use as specific for the mrna derived from these genes have been suggested. | 1992 | 1534703 |
| nondwarf rice seedling bioassay for gibberellins. | the use of nondwarf rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars treated with uniconazole as test plants for gibberellin (ga) bioassay instead of tan-ginbozu dwarf rice variant was investigated. the sensitivity of six nondwarf rice cultivars to gas was increased substantially by treatment of the seeds with uniconazole. the minimum detectable dose of a ga in the nondwarf cultivars treated with uniconazole was 1- to 1/10-fold of that in the nontreated tanginbozu and 3- to 10-fold of that in uniconazole-treate ... | 1992 | 16668771 |
| two rice (oryza sativa) full-length cdna clones encoding low-molecular-weight heat-shock proteins. | | 1992 | 1581572 |
| genetic diversity and differentiation of indica and japonica rice detected by rflp analysis. | genetic diversity and differentiation in indica and japonica groups of the cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) were studied by assaying dna restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 12 indica and 14 japonica rice lines digested with three restriction endonucleases. a total of 49 probes were selected to represent the entire rflp map at intervals of 20-30 cm. it was shown that 95 of the 145 possible probe/enzyme combinations, involving 43 probes and all three enzymes, detected restriction fragmen ... | 1992 | 24202597 |
| auxin and growth regulation of rice coleoptile segments : molecular analysis. | auxin-stimulated elongation of apical segments of rice (oryza sativa l. cv arborio) coleoptiles occurring in the first 4 hours of treatment has been studied. cell extension promoted in the first 2 hours by 10 micromolar indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) is specifically auxin-dependent, whereas after 4 hours, elongation also depends on endogenous production of ethylene. similar to other systems, rice coleoptile cell elongation stimulated by auxin requires continuous synthesis of rna and protein. two-dim ... | 1992 | 16668666 |
| effects of anoxia on mitochondrial biogenesis in rice shoots: modification of in organello translation characteristics. | shoots of germinating rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings are able to grow under anoxia and to withstand long periods of anoxic treatment. mitochondria were purified from aerobically germinated and anaerobically treated rice shoots by differential and isopycnic centrifugation and were found to consist of two subpopulations. the mitochondrial subpopulation of higher density was used for further characterization. ultrastructural studies showed anaerobic mitochondria to be significantly different from ... | 1992 | 16668655 |
| the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein gene from oryza sativa. | | 1992 | 1536936 |
| characterization and genetic mapping of a short, highly repeated, interspersed dna sequence from rice (oryza sativa l.). | a short, highly repeated, interspersed dna sequence from rice was characterized using a combination of techniques and genetically mapped to rice chromosomes by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. a consensus sequence (ggc)n, where n varies from 13-16, for the repeated sequence family was deduced from sequence analysis. southern blot analysis, restriction mapping of repeat element-containing genomic clones, and dna sequence analysis indicated that the repeated sequence is in ... | 1992 | 1347144 |
| characterization and solubilization of β-glucan synthases from cultured rice cells. | two types of β-glucan synthases, gs-i and gs-ii, were found in cultured rice cells (oryza sativa l.). in glycerol density gradient centrifugation, gs-i activity peak co-migrated with a marker enzyme of the golgi membrane, while gs-ii co-migrated with the plasma membrane. analysis of the reaction products of gs-i and gs-ii, suggested that gs-i and gs-ii were mainly β-1,4,- and β-1,3-glucosyltransferases, respectively. gs-i had a higher substrate affinity for udp-glucose than gs-ii, and needed div ... | 1992 | 27320988 |
| mitochondrial genome structure of rice suspension culture from cytoplasmic male-sterile line (a-58cms): reappraisal of the master circle. | the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from the cultured cells of a cytoplasmic male-sterile line (a-58cms) of rice (oryza sativa) was cloned and its physical map was constructed. there was structural alteration on the mitochondrial genome during the cell culture. detailed restriction analysis of cosmid clones having mtdna fragments suggested either that the master genome has a 100-kb duplication (the genome size becomes 450 kb) or that a master circle is not present in the genome (the net structural com ... | 1992 | 24202508 |
| foliar injury and leaf diffusive resistance of rice and white bean in response to so2 and o3, singly and in combination. | plants of rice (oryza sativa) and white bean (phaseolus vulgaris) were exposed to 524 microg m(-3) so2, 392 microg m(-3) o3 and a mixture of both gases, i.e. 524 microg m(-3) so2 and 392 microg m(-3) o3 to determine the visible foliar injury and leaf diffusive resistance. response of leaf diffusive resistance was measured on upper and lower surfaces of leaves, i.e. the two unifoliate leaves of bean and the first, second and third primary leaves of rice. the difference in the response may be due ... | 1992 | 15092013 |
| green and non-green callus induction from excised rice (oryza sativa) embryos: effects of exogenous plant growth regulators. | calli were induced either from excised rice embryos or from whole seeds in the presence of 1 to 5 mg l-1 naa. after 12 days of culture, calli were induced only from excised rice embryos. we found that excised embryos accumulated naa up to 6 times higher concentration than did whole seeds. in the presence of 1 to 5 mg l-1 naa and 2 to 10 mg l-1 kinetin, chlorophyllous calli were induced from excised rice embryos. chlorophyll contents in the callus tissue increased with increasing kinetin concentr ... | 1992 | 11537753 |
| nucleotide sequence of a high-pi rice (oryza sativa) -amylase gene. | | 1992 | 1731997 |
| diallel analysis of tiller number at different growth stages in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the genetics of tiller number at different development stages in rice was studied in a 6 x 6 diallel cross set involving six indica rice varieties in which a large difference of phenotypes existed. estimates of genetic parameters following hayman's method showed significant additive and nonadditive gene action, and the latter appeared to be solely due to dominance. high tillering ability was inherited as a partial dominant character conditioned by two or more blocks of genes, and var 'h1459' had ... | 1991 | 24202365 |
| structural homology between semidwarfism-related proteins and glutelin seed protein in rice (oryza sativa l.). | two semidwarfism-related proteins, srp-1 and srp-2, were detected as major spots in a long-culm rice cultivar, norin 29 and its semidwarf near-isogenic line, sc-tn1, respectively, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2d-page). the testcross showed that srp-1 and srp-2 are controlled by codominant alleles, srp-1 and srp-2, respectively, at a single locus srp. this locus was considered to be closely linked with the semidwarfing gene locus sd-1. srp-1 and srp-2 were separated by 2d-page, electro ... | 1991 | 24202351 |
| genetic analysis of endosperm mutants in rice oryza sativa l. | sugary, shrunken, floury, white core, amylose extender and dull mutants induced in japonica varieties were used in this study. the results of an allelic analysis conducted in japonica background indicated that the two sugary mutants 82gf and em5 are allelic. the two amylose extender mutants 2064 and em16 are also allelic. the opaque mutant esd7-3(0) and floury mutants 2047, em17 and em28 are allelic as well and have the flo-1 gene. the three white core mutants em3, em24 and em66 were found to be ... | 1991 | 24202350 |
| photosynthetic characteristics of rice leaves aged under different irradiances from full expansion through senescence. | effects of irradiance on photosynthetic characteristics were examined in senescent leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.). two irradiance treatments (100 and 20% natural sunlight) were imposed after the full expansion of the 13th leaf through senescence. the photosynthetic rate was measured as a function of intercellular co(2) pressure with a gas-exchange system. the amounts of cytochrome f, coupling factor 1, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), and chlorophyll were determined. ... | 1991 | 16668545 |
| field uniformity of the japonica rice region of taiwan as estimated by relative genetic contribution. | despite the concerns for genetic vulnerability that were raised in the 1970s, the field uniformity of the japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) region in taiwan has increased since 1980 with over 82% of the cultivated areas being covered by as few as three varieties and over half of this hectarage by a single variety. japanese plant introductions are the major ancestral contributors of genetic constituents for varieties released in taiwan. the main constitution of the genetic base present in the field ... | 1991 | 24202264 |
| production of n + 1 plants and tetrasomics by means of anther culture of trisomic plants in rice (oryza sativa l.). | eleven primary trisomics of rice, variety nipponbare, were subjected to anther culture. the 12th trisomic did not produce normal anthers. a total of 3,734 plants were obtained, which were examined morphologically at the seedling stage in the greenhouse. a number of plants appeared in the progenies of ten trisomics which had unique morphological features. the frequency of these variant types differed among different progenies. cytological observations revealed that 43 variant plants in the progen ... | 1991 | 24202251 |
| differential effects of elicitors on the viability of rice suspension cells. | we have compared the effects of two elicitors of defense-related processes on rice (oryza sativa l.) suspension cells. both chitosan and salicylic acid induced the accumulation of extracellular chitinase, thickening of the cell wall, and a variety of cytological changes in treated cells. chitosan also induced the production of a brown pigment and cell death. both of these effects depended on the availability of reactive oxygen species, because the damage was greatly reduced by either catalase or ... | 1991 | 16668444 |
| molecular identification and comparison of the starch synthase bound to starch granules between endosperm and leaf blades in rice plants. | normal (nonglutinous) rice plants (oryza sativa and o. glaberrima) contain more than 18% amylose in endosperm starch, while waxy (glutinous) plants lack it in this starch. in contrast, leaf starch contained more than 3.6% amylose even in waxy plants. sds-page analysis of proteins bound to endosperm starch granules in the normal plants revealed a single band with a mr of 60 kd, whereas waxy plants did not exhibit a similar band. the activity of starch synthase (ndp-glucose-starch glucosyltransfer ... | 1991 | 1747094 |
| retention of the capacity to produce plants from protoplasts in cryopreserved cell lines of rice (oryza sativa l.). | a method is described for cryopreservation of cell suspension lines of rice (oryza sativa l.) for use in protoplast research and as a way of retaining desirable characteristics of cell lines. the procedure involves pre-culture with mannitol, addition of a cryoprotectant solution of sucrose, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol and l-proline, two step freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen. cells have been preserved for up to 14 months (the longest period tried in these experiments). cryopreserved cells ... | 1991 | 24221539 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products amplified from mapped loci of rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic dna. | thirty mapped indica rice genomic (rg) clones were partially sequenced from each end. from such sequence data, pairs of oligonucleotides were synthesized to act as primers for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the corresponding loci in crude total dna preparations. the pcr products from dna of indica varieties were of the sizes expected from the sizes of the corresponding rg clones. however, size polymorphisms were seen between pcr products from indica and japonica varieties, and ... | 1991 | 24213267 |
| chromosomal localization and genomic organization of α-amylase genes in rice (oryza sativa l.). | genes for α-amylase, alcohol dehydrogenase, andem, an aba-regulated gene expressed late in embryogenesis, were localized on rice chromosomes by the analysis of primary trisomies. the validity of the mapping approach was confirmed usingadh-1 as a control. theadh-1 gene has previously been assigned to chromosome 11 using conventional techniques. in this study we confirm this assignment and report an additional locus for alcohol dehydrogenase (adh-2) on chromosome 9. the α-amylase genes were locate ... | 1991 | 24213266 |
| selection and characterization of a rice mutant resistant to 5-methyltryptophan. | a rice plant resistant to 5-methyltryptophan (5mt) was selected from mutagenized m3 seeds (oryza sativa l. var. sasanishiki) originating from panicles treated with ethylene imine (0.2%) 2 h after flowering. when germinated on 5mt-containing medium, the seeds (m4) from selfed plants segregated with a 3 resistant:1 sensitive ratio, indicating that the plant was heterozygous for a resistance gene and that the resistance was dominant. the resistance was also expressed in callus derived from seeds. a ... | 1991 | 24213253 |
| introduction and transposition of the maize transposable element ac in rice (oryza sativa l.). | to develop a transposon tagging system in an important cereal plant, rice (oryza sativa l.), the maize transposable element ac (activator) was introduced into rice protoplasts by electroporation. we employed a phenotypic assay for excision of ac from the selectable hph gene encoding resistance to hygromycin b. southern blot analysis of hygromycin b-resistant calli showed that the ac element can transpose from the introduced hph gene into the rice chromosomes. sequence analysis of several ac exci ... | 1991 | 1650907 |
| multiplicity of histone h3 variants in wheat, barley, rice, and maize. | histone h3 proteins were purified to near homogeneity from etiolated seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and alfalfa (medicago sativa) to determine the number of histone h3 variants. five distinct histone h3 variants were identified by gradient gel electrophoresis and reversed phase chromatography. these variants occur in various combinations of two to four forms in each plant species. one minor histone variant form (variant ii ... | 1991 | 16668207 |
| a role for glutamine synthetase in the remobilization of leaf nitrogen during natural senescence in rice leaves. | changes in the levels of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (gs1) and chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (gs2) polypeptides and of corresponding mrnas were determined in leaves of hydroponically grown rice (oryza sativa) plants during natural senescence. the plants were grown in the greenhouse for 105 days at which time the thirteenth leaf was fully expanded. this was counted as zero time for senescence of the twelfth leaf. the twelfth leaf blade on the main stem was analyzed over a time period of - ... | 1991 | 16668201 |
| organization of dna sequences highly repeated in tandem in rice genomes. | digestion of the total genomic dna from rice oryza sativa l. cv. c5924 with ecori generated an intense band of a dna fragment of about 0.36 kb long. the dna fragment cloned into puc19 was used to hybridize with the total rice genomic dna partially digested with ecori. a ladder of bands of dna fragments with multiplied length of 0.36 kb was observed, demonstrating that this sequence occurs in tandem in the genome. the copy number of the sequence estimated by dot blot hybridization analysis was 20 ... | 1991 | 1910873 |
| localization of specific repetitive dna sequences in individual rice chromosomes. | this paper describes the characterization and chromosomal distribution of three different rice (oryza sativa) repetitive dna sequences. the three sequences were characterized by sequence analysis, which gave 355, 498 and 756 bp for the length of the repeat unit in os48, osg3-498 and osg5-756, respectively. copy number determination by quantitative dna slot-blot hybridization analysis showed 4000, 1080 and 920 copies, respectively, per haploid rice genome for the three sequences. in situ dna hybr ... | 1991 | 1860377 |
| protein synthesis in isolated mitochondria of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. | for studies of in organello mitochondrial protein synthesis in rice, oryza sativa l., conventional surface-sterilization procedures were demonstrated to be ineffective. because of the over-whelmingly efficient [(35)s]methionine utilization by contaminating bacteria, even "essentially bacteria-free" rice mitochondria were shown to be unsuitable for the study of in organello protein synthesis. we developed a procedure to obtain a bacteria-free preparation of rice mitochondria. such mitochondria fa ... | 1991 | 16668173 |
| differential expression of alpha-amylase genes in germinating rice and barley seeds. | steady-state levels of mrna from individual alpha-amylase genes were measured in the embryo and aleurone tissues of rice (oryza sativa) and two varieties of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. himalaya and cv. klages) during germination. each member of the alpha-amylase multigene families of rice and barley was differentially expressed in each tissue. in rice, alpha-amylase genes displayed tissue-specific expression in which genes ramy3b, ramy3c, and ramy3e were preferentially expressed in the aleuro ... | 1991 | 1859866 |
| peroxisomal enzyme activities in attached senescing leaves. | recently it has been demonstrated that detached leaves show glyoxysomal enzyme activities when incubated in darkness for several days. in this report glyoxylate-cycle enzymes have been detected in leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum durum l.) from either naturally senescing or dark-treated plants. isolated peroxisomes of rice and wheat show isocitrate lyase (ec 4.1.3.1), malate synthase (ec 4.1.3.2) and β-oxidation activities. leaf peroxisomes from dark-induced senescing leaves ... | 1991 | 24193942 |
| triacontanol and its second messenger 9-beta-l(+)-adenosine as plant growth substances. | triacontanol (tria), a common constituent of plant waxes, was first shown in 1977 to be an active growth substance which at nanomolar concentrations increased the growth and yield of crops. tria is used to increase crop yields on millions of hectares, particularly in asia. many investigators have shown that it affects several basic metabolic processes including photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and enzyme activity. however, the initial site of action has not been elucidated. tria rapidly elicits ... | 1991 | 16668132 |
| translational modification of an 18 kilodalton polypeptide by spermidine in rice cell suspension cultures. | when rice (oryza sativa) cell suspension cultures are grown in the presence of [terminal methylenes-(3)h]spermidine, label is incorporated in a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 18 kilodaltons on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. preincubation of cell cultures with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors difluoromethylarginine and difluoromethylornithine, resulted in increased incorporation of the label into the 18 kilodalton polypeptide. in cells in which protein sy ... | 1991 | 16668128 |
| identification and genetic analysis of semidwarfism-related proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.). | by transferring a semidwarf gene (sd-1) from taichung native 1 into a tall japanese cultivar, norin 29, through seven backcrosses, a semidwarf near-isogenic line sc-tn1 was obtained. the proteins of the embryo in norin 29 and sc-tn1 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. most of the proteins showed the same electrophoretic pattern. however, it was found that there was a difference in the appearance of two basic glycoproteins designated as srp-1 and srp-2. these proteins exhibited the ... | 1991 | 24221268 |
| response to anoxia in rice and wheat seedlings: changes in the ph of intracellular compartments, glucose-6-phosphate level, and metabolic rate. | (31)p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure intracellular ph in living tissues. oxygen deprivation caused fast cytoplasmic acidification from ph 7.4 to 7.0 in shoots of rice, oryza sativa l. var arborio, a species highly resistant to anoxia. acidification was complete after 10 minutes of anoxia. alkalinization of both cytosplasm and vacuole followed thereafter. in the anoxia intolerant wheat shoots, triticum aestivum l. var mek, the same treatment caused a sharper cytoplasm ... | 1991 | 16668051 |
| low-temperature accumulation of alcohol dehydrogenase-1 mrna and protein activity in maize and rice seedlings. | low-temperature stress was shown to cause a rapid increase in steady-state levels of alcohol dehydrogenase-1 message (adh1) and protein activity (adh1) in maize (zea mays) (b37n, a188) and rice (oryza sativa) (taipei 309, calmochi 101) seedlings. maize roots and rice shoots and roots from 7-day seedlings shifted to low temperature (10 degrees c) contained as much as 15-fold more adh1 mrna and 8-fold more adh1 protein activity than the corresponding tissues from untreated seedlings. time-course s ... | 1991 | 16668042 |
| lactate dehydrogenase in oryza sativa l. seedlings and roots: identification and partial characterization. | a lactate dehydrogenase activity is present in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings and roots. under aerobic conditions, lactate dehydrogenase activity is barely detectable in rice seedlings and is very low in rice roots. in 30 day old roots, the activity is increased two to three times by an anoxic or hypoxic treatment and can be detected on immunoblots by an antiserum raised against barley lactate dehydrogenase. the activity present in aerobic seedlings was partially purified. the native enzyme ha ... | 1991 | 16668039 |
| anaerobic stress induces the transcription and translation of sucrose synthase in rice. | sucrose synthase activity increased in 2-day-old rice (oryza sativa) seedlings submitted to anaerobic stress. likewise, both denaturing and native western blot analysis detected a rise in the cellular concentration of sucrose synthase protein. significantly higher steady-state levels of sucrose synthase mrna, as determined by northern blots and by the ability of total rna to direct in vitro synthesis of sucrose synthase, were also induced by anaerobic treatment. analysis of run-on transcripts sh ... | 1991 | 16668037 |
| isolation and molecular evolutionary analysis of a cytochrome c gene from oryza sativa (rice) | a cytochrome c gene, oscc-1, from rice (oryza sativa) has been isolated and analyzed. the oscc-1 gene encodes a cytochrome c protein that is typical of higher-plant cytochrome c proteins. oscc-1 consists of three exons separated by two introns that are 817 and 747 bp in length, respectively. from genomic dna hybridization analysis, oscc-1 appears to be one of possibly two cytochrome c genes in several asian, american, and indian rice species and varieties surveyed. a single, unique cytochrome c ... | 1991 | 1646373 |
| a novel glycine-rich cell wall protein gene in rice. | a genomic clone isolated from rice (oryza sativa var. ir 36) contains a gene that encodes a glycine-rich cell wall protein. this gene is a member of a multi-gene family. two transcripts with different 5' termini are encoded by this gene and the expression of these two transcripts is differentially regulated. the amino acid sequence derived from the dna sequence of this gene has a putative amino terminal signal peptide, and a highly repetitive structure in the putative mature protein. a model is ... | 1991 | 1716496 |
| studies on the progeny of rice plants grown at an unpolluted and polluted site. | oryza sativa l. cv. gr3 was grown near to a fertilizer plant and the growth of its seed progeny was evaluated at sites near to, and distant from, the fertilizer plant. the grain yield was reduced in plants grown at the polluted site, with reduced panicle length and increased sterility index. this decrease in grain yield was higher in the progeny plants than in the normal polluted plants. the polluted progeny grown at a control site showed a normal yield, but an increased sterility index. accumul ... | 1991 | 15092167 |
| the effect of paper industry effluent on growth, pigments, carbohydrates and proteins of rice seedlings. | the effect of paper industry effluent on the growth and content of certain macromolecules of seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. kesari-82k) has been examined. the effects were investigated in relation to both concentration of effluent and time of exposure to the effluent. percentage of germination, water imbibing capacity, growth, pigment, carbohydrate and protein content showed a decreasing trend with increase in effluent concentration and time. protein content was the most sensitive macrom ... | 1991 | 15092110 |
| effects of chronic ozone exposure on growth, root respiration and nutrient uptake of rice plants. | to clarify the response of growth and root functions to low concentrations of ozone (o(3)), rice plants (oryza sativa l.) were exposed to o(3) at 0.0 (control), 0.05 and 0.10 ppm for 8 weeks from vegetative to early heading stages. exposure to 0.05 ppm o(3) tended to slightly stimulate the dry weight of whole plants up to 5 weeks and then slightly decrease the dry weight of whole plants. however, these effects were statistically significant only at 6 weeks. exposure to 0.10 ppm o(3) reduced the ... | 1991 | 15092071 |
| effects of submergence on development and gravitropism in the coleoptile of oryza sativa l. | caryopses of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. sasanishiki) were germinated in air or under water. in submerged seedlings a twofold increase in coleoptile growth rate and an inhibition of root growth was observed. the amount of starch in the amyloplasts of submerged coleoptiles was substantially reduced compared to the air-grown control plants and plastids had a proplastidic character. during the rapid elongation of coleoptiles under water, the osmotic concentration of the press sap remained constant, w ... | 1991 | 11541649 |