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conformational characteristics of rice hexokinase oshxk7 as a moonlighting protein involved in sugar signalling and metabolism.hexokinase (hxk) as a moonlighting protein involves in glucose metabolism and signalling to regulate growth and development in plants. therefore, the clarification for the structural properties of oshxk7 (oryza sativa hexokinase 7) is essential to understand its role mechanism associated with the glc signalling and metabolism. in this study, the structural characteristics of oshxk7 (oryza sativa hexokinase 7) were identified. in the fluorescence spectrum, the trp peak representing oshxk7 binding ...201728555318
global transcriptome analysis of combined abiotic stress signaling genes unravels key players in oryza sativa l.: an in silico approach.combined abiotic stress (cabs) affects the field grown plants simultaneously. the multigenic and quantitative nature of uncontrollable abiotic stresses complicates the process of understanding the stress response by plants. considering this, we analyzed the cabs response of c3 model plant, oryza sativa by meta-analysis. the datasets of commonly expressed genes by drought, salinity, submergence, metal, natural expression, biotic, and abiotic stresses were data mined through publically accessible ...201728555143
residue behaviors and dietary risk assessment of dinotefuran and its metabolites in oryza sativa by a new hplc-ms/ms method.in this study, we developed a new method to detect dinotefuran and its metabolites (uf and dn) in oryza sativa (rice) by hplc-ms/ms in multiple reaction monitoring (mrm) modes. the recovery rates for dinotefuran, uf and dn were 82.3-85.8%, 83.7-89.0%, and 81.6-90.2%, respectively. the dissipation kinetics of dinotefuran in rice followed a combined first+first kinetic model, where the half-lives of dinotefuran and its metabolites were determined to be between 0.5 and 2.3days. the dinotefuran resi ...201728554625
sgd1, a key enzyme in tocopherol biosynthesis, is essential for plant development and cold tolerance in rice.tocopherols, a group of vitamin e compounds, are essential components of the human diet. in contrast to well documented roles in animals, the functions of tocopherols in plants are less understood. in this study, we characterized two allelic rice dwarf mutant lines designated sgd1-1 and sgd1-2 (small grain and dwarf1). histological observations showed that the dwarf phenotypes were mainly due to cell elongation defects. a map-based cloning strategy and subsequent complementation test showed that ...201728554480
pdhs-svm: a prediction method for plant dnase i hypersensitive sites based on support vector machine.dnase i hypersensitive sites (dhss) are accessible chromatin regions hypersensitive to cleavages by dnase i endonucleases. dhss are indicative of cis-regulatory dna elements (cres), all of which play important roles in global gene expression regulation. it is helpful for discovering cres by recognition of dhss in genome. to accelerate the investigation, it is an important complement to develop cost-effective computational methods to identify dhss. however, there is a lack of tools used for ident ...201728552554
mir529a modulates panicle architecture through regulating squamosa promoter binding-like genes in rice (oryza sativa).mir529a affects rice panicle architecture by targeting osspl2,osspl14 and osspl17 genes that could regulate their downstream panicle related genes. the panicle architecture determines the grain yield and quality of rice, which could be regulated by many transcriptional factors. the squamosa promoter binding-like (spl) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of panicle development, which are targeted by mir156 and mir529. the expression profile demonstrated that mir529a is preferenti ...201728551765
authenticity testing of environment-friendly korean rice (oryza sativa l.) using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio analysis.the increasing demand for organic foods creates, in turn, a pressing need for the development of more accurate tools for the authentication of organic food in order to ensure both fair trade and food safety. this study examines the feasibility of δ13c and δ15n analyses as potential tools for authentication of environment-friendly rice sold in korea. δ13c and δ15n examination in different rice grains showed that environment-friendly rice can be successfully distinguished from conventional rice. n ...201728551256
the pseudoenzyme pdx1.2 sustains vitamin b6 biosynthesis as a function of heat stress.plants sense temperature changes and respond by altering growth and metabolic activity to acclimate to the altered environmental conditions. the b vitamins give rise to vital coenzymes that are indispensable for growth and development but their inherent reactive nature renders them prone to destruction especially under stress conditions. therefore, plant survival strategies would be expected to include mechanisms to sustain b vitamin supply under demanding circumstances. here, using the example ...201728550206
the dth8-hd1 module mediates day-length-dependent regulation of rice flowering.photoperiodic flowering is one of the most important pathways to govern flowering in rice (oryza sativa), in which heading date 1 (hd1), an ortholog of the arabidopsis constans gene, encodes a pivotal regulator. hd1 promotes flowering under short-day conditions (sd) but represses flowering under long-day conditions (ld) by regulating the expression of heading date 3a (hd3a), the flowering locus t (ft) ortholog in rice. however, the molecular mechanism of how hd1 changes its regulatory activity i ...201728549969
maintenance of phosphate homeostasis and root development are coordinately regulated by myb1, an r2r3-type myb transcription factor in rice.the adaptive responses of plants to phosphate (pi) starvation stress are fine-tuned by an elaborate regulatory network. in this study, we identified and characterized a novel pi starvation-responsive gene, myb1, encoding an r2r3-type transcription factor in rice. myb1 was transcriptionally induced in leaf sheaths and old leaf blades. it was localized to the nucleus and expressed mainly in vascular tissues. mutation of myb1 led to an increase in pi uptake and accumulation, accompanied by altered ...201728549191
integration of cerium chemical forms and subcellular distribution to understand cerium tolerance mechanism in the rice seedlings.rare earth elements (rees) accumulate in the soil and ecosystem. cerium (ce) is one of the main additives in ree-containing fertilizers. however, little information is available on ce distribution patterns and chemical forms in rice. the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of ce were investigated in the rice seedlings (oryza sativa l., cv. zhonghua 11) exposed to 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μm ce. the elongation of root and shoot was significantly inhibited by 20, 40, 80, and 160 μm ce. c ...201728547370
low-cesium rice: mutation in ossos2 reduces radiocesium in rice grains.in japan, radiocesium contamination in foods has become of great concern and it is a primary issue to reduce grain radiocesium concentration in rice (oryza sativa l.). here, we report a low-cesium rice mutant 1 (lcs1) with the radiocesium concentration in grain about half that in the wild-type cultivar. genetic analyses revealed that a mutation in ossos2, which encodes a serine/threonine-protein kinase required for the salt overly sensitive (sos) pathway in plants, is responsible for the decreas ...201728546542
in vitro characterization of thermostable cam rubisco activase reveals a rubisco interacting surface loop.to maintain metabolic flux through the calvin-benson-bassham cycle in higher plants, dead-end inhibited complexes of rubisco must constantly be engaged and remodeled by the molecular chaperone rubisco activase (rca). in c3 plants, the thermolability of rca is responsible for the deactivation of rubisco and reduction of photosynthesis at moderately elevated temperatures. we reasoned that crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) plants must possess thermostable rca to support calvin-benson-bassham cycle ...201728546437
fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qtac8, a major quantitative trait locus controlling tiller angle in rice (oryza sativa l.).rice tiller angle is an important agronomic trait that contributes to crop production and plays a vital role in high yield breeding. in this study, a recombinant inbred line (ril) population derived from the cross of a glabrous tropical japonica rice d50 and an indica rice hb277, was used to investigate quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling rice tiller angle. two major qtls, qtac8 and qtac9, were detected. while qtac9 mapped with a previously identified gene (tac1), using a bc2f2 population ...201728542427
endophytic fungi piriformospora indica mediated protection of host from arsenic toxicity.complex intercellular interaction is a common theme in plant-pathogen/symbiont relationship. cellular physiology of both the partners is affected by abiotic stress. however, little is known about the degree of protection each offers to the other from different types of environmental stress. our current study focused on the changes in response to toxic arsenic in the presence of an endophytic fungus piriformospora indica that colonizes the paddy roots. the primary impact of arsenic was observed i ...201728539916
genomic variation associated with local adaptation of weedy rice during de-domestication.de-domestication is a unique evolutionary process by which domesticated crops are converted into 'wild predecessor like' forms. weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) is an excellent model to dissect the molecular processes underlying de-domestication. here, we analyse the genomes of 155 weedy and 76 locally cultivated rice accessions from four representative regions in china that were sequenced to an average 18.2 × coverage. phylogenetic and demographic analyses indicate that chinese weedy rice ...201728537247
does arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus affect cadmium uptake and chemical forms in rice at different growth stages?effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) - rhizophagus intraradices (a mix of root pieces, mycelium pieces and spores) on the temporal variation of cd uptake and chemical forms in rice at four growth periods (tillering, jointing, flowering, and ripening stages) were investigated in soil added with 0, 2 and 10mgcdkg-1. results showed that the interactions amongst rice growth stages, soil cd concentrations and mycorrhizal inoculation had significant effects (p˂0.001) on root biomass, str ...201728531965
accumulation, translocation and conversion of six arsenic species in rice plants grown near a mine impacted city.paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) as the staple food in china was found to be efficient in accumulating arsenic (as) due to cultivated in flooded paddy soil. uptake and translocation of as in rice plant depended on the as species. in this work, rice plant samples including roots, straws and grains as well as rhizosphere soils were collected from paddy fields near changsha, a mine impacted city in southern china. the total as concentrations in the collected samples were observed in the descending orde ...201728531558
rna-seq analysis of gene expression for floral development in crested wheatgrass (agropyron cristatum l.).crested wheatgrass [agropyron cristatum l. (gaertn.)] is widely used for early spring grazing in western canada and the development of late maturing cultivars which maintain forage quality for a longer period is desired. however, it is difficult to manipulate the timing of floral transition, as little is known about molecular mechanism of plant maturity in this species. in this study, rna-seq and differential gene expression analysis were performed to investigate gene expression for floral initi ...201728531235
influence of amendments on cd and zn uptake and accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) in contaminated soil.cadmium is a toxic metallic element that poses serious human health risks via consumption of contaminated agricultural products. the effect of mixtures of dicalcium phosphate and organic amendments, namely cow manure (md) and leonardite (ld), on cd and zn uptake of three rice cultivars (kdml105, kd53, and psl2) was examined in mesocosm experiments. plant growth, cd and zn accumulation, and physicochemical properties of the test soils were investigated before and after plant harvest. amendment ap ...201728528502
improved stress tolerance and productivity in transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing the oryza sativa glutathione synthetase osgs under paddy field conditions.reactive oxygen species, which increase under various environmental stresses, have deleterious effects on plants. an important antioxidant, glutathione, is used to detoxify reactive oxygen species in plant cells and is mainly produced by two enzymes: gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ecs) and glutathione synthetase (gs). to evaluate the functional roles of the glutathione synthetase gene (osgs) in rice, we generated four independent transgenic rice plants (tg1-tg4) that overexpressed osgs und ...201728527337
association mapping of yield and yield-related traits under reproductive stage drought stress in rice (oryza sativa l.).the identification and introgression of major-effect qtls for grain yield under drought are some of the best and well-proven approaches for improving the drought tolerance of rice varieties. in the present study, we characterized malaysian rice germplasm for yield and yield-related traits and identified significant trait marker associations by structured association mapping.201728523639
genomics of interaction between the brown planthopper and rice.rice (oryza sativa l.) and the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens (stål)) form a model system for dissection of the mechanism of interaction between insect pest and crop. in this review, we focus on the genomics of bph-rice interaction. on the side of rice, a number of bph-resistance genes have been identified genetically. thirteen of these genes have been cloned which shed a light on the molecular basis of the interaction. on the aspect of bph, a lot of salivary proteins have been identified ...201728521948
isolation of rice bran lectins and characterization of their unique behavior in caco-2 cells.rice bran lectins, named as rba1 and rba2, were isolated from oryza sativa in two chromatography steps: affinity chromatography and cation-exchange chromatography. rba1 was found to be composed of a covalently linked heterodimer of 20- and 12-kda subunits, and rba2 was a noncovalently linked dimer of 12-kda subunits. both rba1 and rba2 bound to desialylated complex glycoproteins such as fetuin, α1-acid glycoprotein, and transferrin, and agalactosylated complex glycoproteins such as agalacto fetu ...201728505081
development of a critical nitrogen dilution curve of double cropping rice in south china.the concept of critical nitrogen (nc) concentration can be implemented to diagnose in-season plant nitrogen (n) status for optimizing n fertilizer management. the nc dilution curves have been established for rice (oryza sativa l.) grown in different climatic regions, yet no attempt has been made to develop the nc dilution curve for double cropping rice regions. this study was undertaken to develop the nc dilution curves for double cropping rice in south china for assessment of in-season n status ...201728503181
effect of limestone, lignite and biochar applied alone and combined on cadmium uptake in wheat and rice under rotation in an effluent irrigated field.cadmium (cd) uptake and accumulation in crop plants, especially in wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) is one of the main concerns for food security worldwide. a field experiment was done to investigate the effects of limestone, lignite, and biochar on growth, physiology and cd uptake in wheat and rice under rotation irrigated with raw effluents. initially, each treatment was applied alone at 0.1% and combined at 0.05% each and wheat was grown in the field and then, after wheat har ...201728501770
influence of sulfur on the accumulation of mercury in rice plant (oryza sativa l.) growing in mercury contaminated soils.sulfur (s) is an essential element for plant growth and its biogeochemical cycling is strongly linked to the species of heavy metals in soil. in this work, the effects of s (sulfate and elemental sulfur) treatment on the accumulation, distribution and chemical forms of hg in rice growing in hg contaminated soil were investigated. it was found that s could promote the formation of iron plaque on the root surface and decrease total mercury (t-hg) and methylmercury (mehg) accumulation in rice grain ...201728501569
a hairy-leaf gene, blanket leaf, of wild oryza nivara increases photosynthetic water use efficiency in rice.high water use efficiency is essential to water-saving cropping. morphological traits that affect photosynthetic water use efficiency are not well known. we examined whether leaf hairiness improves photosynthetic water use efficiency in rice.201728500411
quantitative trait loci for large sink capacity enhance rice grain yield under free-air co2 enrichment conditions.the global atmospheric co2 concentration has been increasing annually. to determine the trait that effectively increases rice (oryza sativa l.) grain yield under increased atmospheric co2 concentrations, as predicted in the near future, we grew a chromosome segment substitution line (cssl) and a near-isogenic line (nil) producing high spikelet numbers per panicle (cssl-gn1 and nil-apo1, respectively) under free-air co2 enrichment (face) conditions and examined the effects of a large sink capacit ...201728500344
dynamic cytology and transcriptional regulation of rice lamina joint development.rice (oryza sativa) leaf angle is determined by lamina joint and is an important agricultural trait determining leaf erectness and, hence, the photosynthesis efficiency and grain yield. genetic studies reveal a complex regulatory network of lamina joint development; however, the morphological changes, cytological transitions, and underlying transcriptional programming remain to be elucidated. a systemic morphological and cytological study reveals a dynamic developmental process and suggests a co ...201728500269
a rice nac transcription factor promotes leaf senescence via aba biosynthesis.it is well known that abscisic acid (aba)-induced leaf senescence and premature leaf senescence negatively affect the yield of rice (oryza sativa). however, the molecular mechanism underlying this relationship, especially the upstream transcriptional network that modulates aba level during leaf senescence, remains largely unknown. here, we demonstrate a rice nac transcription factor, osnac2, that participates in aba-induced leaf senescence. overexpression of osnac2 dramatically accelerated leaf ...201728500268
simultaneous determination of multiclass emerging contaminants in aquatic plants by ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion and gc-ms.a multiresidue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 31 emerging contaminants (pharmaceutical compounds, hormones, personal care products, biocides, and flame retardants) in aquatic plants. analytes were extracted by ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (ua-mspd) and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after sylilation, the method was validated for different aquatic plants (typha angustifolia, arundo donax, and lemna minor) and a semiaquatic culti ...201726906007
prediction and identification of the effectors of heterotrimeric g proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.).heterotrimeric g protein signaling cascades are one of the primary metazoan sensing mechanisms linking a cell to environment. however, the number of experimentally identified effectors of g protein in plant is limited. we have therefore studied which tools are best suited for predicting g protein effectors in rice. here, we compared the predicting performance of four classifiers with eight different encoding schemes on the effectors of g proteins by using 10-fold cross-validation. four methods w ...201726970777
shoot tolerance mechanisms to iron toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.).iron toxicity frequently affects lowland rice and leads to oxidative stress via the fenton reaction. tolerance mechanisms were investigated in contrasting genotypes: the intolerant ir29 and the tolerant recombinant inbred line fl483. seedlings were exposed to 1000 mg l-1 ferrous iron, and the regulation of genes involved in three hypothetical tolerance mechanisms was investigated (i) iron uptake, partitioning and storage. the iron concentration and speciation in different plant tissues did not d ...201726991510
crystalline, thermal and swelling properties of starches from single-segment substitution lines with different wx alleles in rice (oryza sativa l.).in rice, five common wx alleles, wx, wxt , wxg1 , wxg2 and wxg3 , have been identified according to their apparent amylose content (aac) phenotypes. previous studies revealed that this wx allelic variation may also affect other starch properties. however, so far, to what extent the five wx alleles influence the crystalline structure, thermal and swelling properties of rice starch is still unclear. for this purpose, a set of single-segment substitution lines (sssls) harboring five different wx al ...201726926871
prediction of phenotypic effects of variants observed in loc_os04g36720 of fro1 gene in rice (oryza sativa l.).in rice, ferric-chelate reductase-1 (fro1) (loc_os04g36720) gene was present on chromosome number 4 and its beginning and ending coordinates where coding sequence lies are 22182599 and 22186943, respectively. it plays a vital role in metal homeostasis and iron transportation in plants. based on the alignment results, location of single-nucleotide variants is located in open reading frame and their effects of variants were predicted using sift sequence tool. the non-synonymous variants at positio ...201726885647
phosphorus remobilization from rice flag leaves during grain filling: an rna-seq study.the physiology and molecular regulation of phosphorus (p) remobilization from vegetative tissues to grains during grain filling is poorly understood, despite the pivotal role it plays in the global p cycle. to test the hypothesis that a subset of genes involved in the p starvation response are involved in remobilization of p from flag leaves to developing grains, we conducted an rna-seq analysis of rice flag leaves during the preremobilization phase (6 daa) and when the leaves were acting as a p ...201727228336
the complete chloroplast genome of tibetan hulless barley.we report complete chloroplast genome of the tibetan hulless barely using iilumina hiseq 2000 sequencing technology (iilumina inc., san diego, ca). the chloroplast genome size is 136 462 bp in length that includes two inverted repeats (irs) of 10 528 bp, which are separated by the large single copy (lsc 101 375 bp) and small single copy (ssc 14 030 bp). hulless barely chloroplast genome encodes 76 protein-coding genes, four rrna genes, and 29 trna genes. the maximum-likelihood (ml) phylogenetic ...201726713356
ectopic expression of pgrab7 in rice plants (oryza sativa l.) results in differential tolerance at the vegetative and seed setting stage during salinity and drought stress.in this work, we have overexpressed a vesicle trafficking protein, rab7, from a stress-tolerant plant, pennisetum glaucum, in a high-yielding but stress-sensitive rice variety pusa basmati-1 (pb-1). the transgenic rice plants were tested for tolerance against salinity and drought stress. the transgenic plants showed considerable tolerance at the vegetative stage against both salinity (200 mm nacl) and drought stress (up to 12 days after withdrawing water). the protection against salt and drought ...201726666551
progress and challenges in improving the nutritional quality of rice (oryza sativa l.).rice is a staple food for more than 3 billion people in more than 100 countries of the world but ironically it is deficient in many bioavailable vitamins, minerals, essential amino- and fatty-acids and phytochemicals that prevent chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancers, and obesity. to enhance the nutritional and other quality aspects of rice, a better understanding of the regulation of the processes involved in the synthesis, uptake, transport, and metabolism of macro-(sta ...201726513164
the rice high-affinity k+ transporter oshkt2;4 mediates mg2+ homeostasis under high-mg2+ conditions in transgenic arabidopsis.rice (oryza sativa; background nipponbare) contains nine hkt (high-affinity k+ transport)-like genes encoding membrane proteins belonging to the superfamily of ktr/trk/hkt. oshkts have been proposed to include four selectivity filter-pore-forming domains homologous to the bacterial k+ channel kcsa, and are separated into oshkt1s with na+-selective activity and oshkt2s with na+-k+ symport activity. as a member of the oshkt2 subfamily, oshkt2;4 renders mg2+ and ca2+ permeability for yeast cells an ...201729114257
the nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane protein osnip3;2 is involved in arsenite uptake by lateral roots in rice.previous studies have shown that the nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane protein (nip) lsi1 (osnip2;1) is involved in arsenite [as(iii)] uptake in rice (oryza sativa). however, the role of other rice nips in as(iii) accumulation in planta remains unknown. in the present study, we investigated the role osnip3;2 in as(iii) uptake in rice. when expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes, osnip3;2 showed a high transport activity for as(iii). quantitative real-time rt-pcr showed that the expression of osnip ...201728505352
a magnesium transporter osmgt1 plays a critical role in salt tolerance in rice.salt stress is one of the major factors limiting rice (oryza sativa) production globally. although several transporters involved in salt tolerance have been identified in rice, the mechanisms regulating their transport activity are still poorly understood. here, we show evidence that a rice mg transporter osmgt1 is required for salt tolerance probably by regulating transport activity of oshkt1;5, a key transporter for the removal of na+ from the xylem sap at the root mature zone. knockout of osm ...201728487477
osptr7 (osnpf8.1), a putative peptide transporter in rice, is involved in dimethylarsenate accumulation in rice grain.rice (oryza sativa) is a major dietary source of arsenic (as) for the population consuming rice as their staple food. rice grain contains both inorganic as and methylated as species, especially dimethyarsinate (dma). dma is highly mobile in long-distance translocation in plants, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. in the present study, we showed that osptr7 (osnpf8.1), a putative peptide transporter in rice, was permeable to dma in xenopus laevis oocytes. transient expression of the os ...201728340032
seed metabolome analysis of a transgenic rice line expressing cholera toxin b-subunit.plant-based human vaccines have been actively developed in recent years, and rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the best candidate crops for their production and delivery. by expressing a modified cholera toxin b (ctb) subunit, we previously developed mucorice-ctb, a rice-based vaccine against cholera, which is caused by infection of the intestine with the bacteria vibrio cholerae. mucorice-ctb lines have been extensively characterized by whole-genome sequencing and proteome analyses to evaluate t ...201728701756
mapk kinase 10.2 promotes disease resistance and drought tolerance by activating different mapks in rice.mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades, with each cascade consisting of a mapk kinase kinase (mapkkk), a mapk kinase (mapkk), and a mapk, have important roles in different biological processes. however, the signal transduction in rice mapk cascades remains to be elucidated. we show that the structural non-canonical mapkk, mpkk10.2, enhances rice resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc), which causes bacterial streak disease, and increases rice tolerance to drought stress by ...201728857351
antimutagenic and antioxidant activities of thai rice brans.rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain, and contains high amounts of bioactive phytochemicals. here, we investigated and compared chemopreventive properties of purple and white rice bran extracts.201728698862
1-n-histidine phosphorylation of chld by the aaa(+) chli2 stimulates magnesium chelatase activity in chlorophyll synthesis.magnesium chelatase (mg-chelatase) inserts magnesium into protoporphyrin during the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll. enzyme activity is reconstituted by forming two separate preactivated complexes consisting of a gun4/chlh/protoporphyrin ix substrate complex and a chli/chld enzyme 'motor' complex. formation of the chli/chld complex in both chlamydomonas reinhardtii and oryza sativa is accompanied by phosphorylation of chld by chli, but the orthologous protein complex from rho ...201728487379
rice black streaked dwarf virus p7-2 forms a scf complex through binding to oryza sativa skp1-like proteins, and interacts with gid2 involved in the gibberellin pathway.as a core subunit of the scf complex that promotes protein degradation through the 26s proteasome, s-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (skp1) plays important roles in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes, including gibberellin (ga), jasmonate, ethylene, auxin and light responses. p7-2 encoded by rice black streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv), a devastating viral pathogen that causes severe symptoms in infected plants, interacts with skp1 from different plants. however, whether rbsdv p7-2 forms a s ...201728494021
interplay between carotenoids, abscisic acid and jasmonate guides the compatible rice-meloidogyne graminicola interaction.in this study, we have characterized the role of carotenoids and chlorophyll in the compatible interaction between the sedentary root knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne graminicola and the monocot model plant rice (oryza sativa). previous transcriptome data showed a differential expression of carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis genes in nematode-induced giant cells and gall tissue. metabolite measurement showed that galls indeed accumulate chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, as well as the hormon ...201728642770
identification and expression profiling of the auxin response factors in capsicum annuum l. under abiotic stress and hormone treatments.auxin response factors (arfs) play important roles in regulating plant growth and development and response to environmental stress. an exhaustive analysis of the caarf family was performed using the latest publicly available genome for pepper (capsicum annuum l.). in total, 22 non-redundant caarf gene family members in six classes were analyzed, including chromosome locations, gene structures, conserved motifs of proteins, phylogenetic relationships and subcellular localization. phylogenetic ana ...201729244768
reproducible genomic dna preparation from diverse crop species for molecular genetic applications.several high-throughput molecular genetic analyses rely on high-quality genomic dna. copurification of other molecules can negatively impact the functionality of plant dna preparations employed in these procedures. isolating dna from agronomically important crops, such as sugarcane, rice, citrus, potato and tomato is a challenge due to the presence of high fiber, polysaccharides, or secondary metabolites. we present a simplified, rapid and reproducible sds-based method that provides high-quality ...201729213298
comparative study of lectin domains in model species: new insights into evolutionary dynamics.lectins are present throughout the plant kingdom and are reported to be involved in diverse biological processes. in this study, we provide a comparative analysis of the lectin families from model species in a phylogenetic framework. the analysis focuses on the different plant lectin domains identified in five representative core angiosperm genomes (arabidopsisthaliana, glycine max, cucumis sativus, oryza sativa ssp. japonica and oryza sativa ssp. indica). the genomes were screened for genes enc ...201728587095
effect of seyoeum on obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of high-fat diet-fed c57bl/6 mice.this study was performed to evaluate the effect of seyoeum (sye), a novel herbal meal replacement, on insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) in obese mice fed with a high-fat diet (hfd).201729085434
domesticated, genetically engineered, and wild plant relatives exhibit unintended phenotypic differences: a comparative meta-analysis profiling rice, canola, maize, sunflower, and pumpkin.agronomic management of plants is a powerful evolutionary force acting on their populations. the management of cultivated plants is carried out by the traditional process of human selection or plant breeding and, more recently, by the technologies used in genetic engineering (ge). even though crop modification through ge is aimed at specific traits, it is possible that other non-target traits can be affected by genetic modification due to the complex regulatory processes of plant metabolism and ...201729259610
effects of fertilization on crop production and nutrient-supplying capacity under rice-oilseed rape rotation system.incredible accomplishments have been achieved in agricultural production in china, but many demanding challenges for ensuring food security and environmental sustainability remain. field experiments were conducted from 2011-2013 at three different sites, including honghu, shayang, and jingzhou in china, to determine the effects of fertilization on enhancing crop productivity and indigenous nutrient-supplying capacity (inus) in a rice (oryza sativa l.)-rapeseed (brassica napus l.) rotation. four ...201728455510
metals induce transient folding and activation of the twister ribozyme.twister is a small ribozyme present in almost all kingdoms of life that rapidly self-cleaves in variety of divalent metal ions. we used activity assays, bulk fret and single-molecule fret (smfret) to understand how different metal ions promote folding and self-cleavage of the oryza sativa twister ribozyme. although most ribozymes require additional mg2+ for catalysis, twister inverts this expectation, requiring 20-30 times less mg2+ to self-cleave than to fold. transition metals such as co2+, ni ...201728825710
cropping systems affect paddy soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks (in rice-garlic and rice-fava systems) in temperate region of southern china.the accumulation of soil organic carbon (soc) in agricultural soils is critical to food security and climate change. however, there is still limited information on the dynamic trend of soc sequestration following changes in cropping systems. paddy soils, typical of temperate region of southern china, have a large potential for carbon (c) sequestration and nitrogen (n) fixation. it is of great importance to study the impacts of changes in cropping systems on stocks of soc and total nitrogen (tn) ...201728810521
evidence for mid-holocene rice domestication in the americas.the development of agriculture is one of humankind's most pivotal achievements. questions about plant domestication and the origins of agriculture have engaged scholars for well over a century, with implications for understanding its legacy on global subsistence strategies, plant distribution, population health and the global methane budget. rice is one of the most important crops to be domesticated globally, with both asia (oryza sativa l.) and africa (oryza glaberrima steud.) discussed as prim ...201728993622
pathogenicity genes in ustilaginoidea virens revealed by a predicted protein-protein interaction network.rice false smut, caused by ustilaginoidea virens, produces significant losses in rice yield and grain quality and has recently emerged as one of the most important rice diseases worldwide. despite its importance in rice production, relatively few studies have been conducted to illustrate the complex interactome and the pathogenicity gene interactions. here a protein-protein interaction network of u. virens was built through two well-recognized approaches, interolog- and domain-domain interaction ...201728099032
polyphasic characterization of bacteria obtained from upland rice cultivated in cerrado soil.this work aimed to characterize 20 isolates obtained from upland rice plants, based on phenotypic (morphology, enzymatic activity, inorganic phosphate solubilization, carbon source use, antagonism), genotypic assays (16s rrna sequencing) and plant growth promotion. results showed a great morphological, metabolic and genetic variability among bacterial isolates. all isolates showed positive activity for catalase and protease enzymes and, 90% of the isolates showed positive activity for amylase, c ...201728838812
differential transcriptome profiling of chilling stress response between shoots and rhizomes of oryza longistaminata using rna sequencing.rice (oryza sativa) is very sensitive to chilling stress at seedling and reproductive stages, whereas wild rice, o. longistaminata, tolerates non-freezing cold temperatures and has overwintering ability. elucidating the molecular mechanisms of chilling tolerance (ct) in o. longistaminata should thus provide a basis for rice ct improvement through molecular breeding. in this study, high-throughput rna sequencing was performed to profile global transcriptome alterations and crucial genes involved ...201729190752
genome-wide analysis of rice dehydrin gene family: its evolutionary conservedness and expression pattern in response to peg induced dehydration stress.abiotic stresses adversely affect cellular homeostasis, impairing overall growth and development of plants. these initial stress signals activate downstream signalling processes, which, subsequently, activate stress-responsive mechanisms to re-establish homeostasis. dehydrins (dhns) play an important role in combating dehydration stress. rice (oryza sativa l.), which is a paddy crop, is susceptible to drought stress. as drought survival in rice might be viewed as a trait with strong evolutionary ...201728459834
novel alleles of phosphorus-starvation tolerance 1 gene (pstol1) from oryza rufipogon confers high phosphorus uptake efficiency.limited phosphorus availability in the soil is one of the major constraints to the growth and productivity of rice across asian, african and south american countries, where 50% of the rice is grown under rain-fed systems on poor and problematic soils. with an aim to determine novel alleles for enhanced phosphorus uptake efficiency in wild species germplasm of rice oryza rufipogon, we investigated phosphorus uptake1 (pup1) locus with 11 previously reported ssr markers and sequence characterized t ...201728443109
estimation of loci involved in non-shattering of seeds in early rice domestication.rice (oryza sativa l.) is widely cultivated around the world and is known to be domesticated from its wild form, o. rufipogon. a loss of seed shattering is one of the most obvious phenotypic changes selected for during rice domestication. previously, three seed-shattering loci, qsh1, sh4, and qsh3 were reported to be involved in non-shattering of seeds of japonica-type cultivated rice, o. sativa cv. nipponbare. in this study, we focused on non-shattering characteristics of o. sativa indica cv. i ...201728238052
root-associated bacterial diversities of oryza rufipogon and oryza sativa and their influencing environmental factors.oryza rufipogon is the ancestor of human-cultivated oryza sativa. however, little is known about the difference between the root-associated microorganisms of o. rufipogon and o. sativa. in this study, the root-associated bacteria of o. rufipogon, leersia hexandra, and o. sativa from different latitudes in china were studied by dgge analysis. their bacterial community structures were compared by principal component analysis. the relationship between root-associated bacteria and soil properties wa ...201727990555
emergence of a novel chimeric gene underlying grain number in rice.grain number is an important factor in determining grain production of rice (oryza sativa l.). the molecular genetic basis for grain number is complex. discovering new genes involved in regulating rice grain number increases our knowledge regarding its molecular mechanisms and aids breeding programs. here, we identified grains number 2 (gn2), a novel gene that is responsible for rice grain number, from "yuanjiang" common wild rice (o. rufipogon griff.). transgenic plants overexpressing gn2 showe ...201727986805
gene interaction at seed-awning loci in the genetic background of wild rice.seed awning is one of the important traits for successful propagation in wild rice. during the domestication of rice by ancient humans, plants with awnless seeds may have been selected because long awns hindered collection and handling activities. to investigate domestication of awnless rice, qtl analysis for seed awning was first carried out using backcross recombinant inbred lines between oryza sativa nipponbare (recurrent parent) and o. rufipogon w630 (donor parent). two strong qtls were dete ...201727941309
development and gbs-genotyping of introgression lines (ils) using two wild species of rice, o. meridionalis and o. rufipogon, in a common recurrent parent, o. sativa cv. curinga.two populations of interspecific introgression lines (ils) in a common recurrent parent were developed for use in pre-breeding and qtl mapping. the ils were derived from crosses between cv curinga, a tropical japonica upland cultivar, and two different wild donors, oryza meridionalis ng. accession (w2112) and oryza rufipogon griff. accession (irgc 105491). the lines were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) and ssrs. the 32 curinga/o. meridionalis ils contain 76.73 % of the donor genom ...201725705117
identification and characterization of the diverse stress-responsive r2r3-rmyb transcription factor from hibiscus sabdariffa l.various regulatory proteins play a fundamental role to manage the healthy plant growth under stress conditions. differential display reverse transcriptase pcr and random amplification of cdna ends (race) was used to explore the osmotic stress-responsive transcripts. we identified and characterized the salt stress-responsive r2r3 type rmyb transcription factor from hibiscus sabdariffa which has an open reading frame of 690 bp, encoding 229 long chain amino acids. in silico analysis confirmed the ...201729181384
transcription of mcra gene decreases upon prolonged non-flooding period in a methanogenic archaeal community of a paddy-upland rotational field soil.methanogenic archaea survive under aerated soil conditions in paddy fields, and their community is stable under these conditions. changes in the abundance and composition of an active community of methanogenic archaea were assessed by analyzing mcra gene (encoding α subunit of methyl-coenzyme m reductase) and transcripts during a prolonged drained period in a paddy-upland rotational field. paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) was planted in the flooded field and rotated with soybean (glycine max [l.] me ...201728890994
connectivity in gene coexpression networks negatively correlates with rates of molecular evolution in flowering plants.gene coexpression networks are a useful tool for summarizing transcriptomic data and providing insight into patterns of gene regulation in a variety of species. though there has been considerable interest in studying the evolution of network topology across species, less attention has been paid to the relationship between network position and patterns of molecular evolution. here, we generated coexpression networks from publicly available expression data for seven flowering plant taxa (arabidops ...201728759647
identification and characterization of the bzip transcription factor involved in zinc homeostasis in cereals.members of the basic leucine zipper family, as bzip19, are considered to be essential regulators of the adaptation to zinc deficiency. knowing that this gene as well as its targets are conserved in the plant kingdom, we followed an in silico approach to identify and characterize the bzip19 gene in cereals. through blastp in phytozome database, 33 bzip19 genes were identified on the genomes of oryza sativa, sorghum bicolor, zea mays, glycine max, triticum aestivum, and brachypodium distachyon. th ...201728671251
genome-wide sequential, evolutionary, organizational and expression analyses of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis associated myb domain transcription factors in arabidopsis.the myb gene family represents one of the largest groups of transcription factors in plants. recent evidences have also demonstrated key role of myb transcription factors in regulating the expression of major genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds which confer biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plant species. however, no comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the phenylpropanoid pathway-associated myb transcription factors has been reported thus far. in this study, 11 ...201728490275
plant glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases: comparative biochemical properties, function during chilling stress, and subcellular localization.plant nadph-dependent glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases 1 and 2 (cytosolic glyr1 and plastidial/mitochondrial glyr2) are considered to be of particular importance under abiotic stress conditions. here, the apple (malus × domestica borkh.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) glyr1s and glyr2s were characterized and their kinetic properties were compared to those of previously characterized glyrs from arabidopsis thaliana [l.] heynh. the purified recombinant glyrs had an affinity for glyoxylate a ...201728855911
ancient plant glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases: glyr1s are cytosolic, whereas glyr2s are localized to both mitochondria and plastids.plant nadph-dependent glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases 1 and 2 (glyr1 and glyr2) are considered to be involved in detoxifying harmful aldehydes, thereby preserving plant health during exposure to various abiotic stresses. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two glyr isoforms appeared in the plant lineage prior to the divergence of the chlorophyta and streptophyta, which occurred approximately 750 million years ago. green fluorescent protein fusions of apple (malus x domestica bork ...201728484477
performance of five plant species in removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from an experimental phytoremediation system in the ningxia irrigation area.agricultural non-point source (anps) pollution is an important contributor to elevated nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) in surface waters, which can cause serious environmental problems. considerable effort has therefore gone into the development of methods that control the anps input of n and p to surface waters. phytoremediation has been extensively used because it is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient. the n and p loads from agricultural drainage are a potential threat to ...201728890992
construction of rice chromosome segment substitution lines harboring oryza barthii genome and evaluation of yield-related traits.rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the most important staple food in the world. to meet the increasing demand for food, a strategy for improving rice yield is needed. alleles of wild relatives are useful because they confer adaptation to plants under diverse harsh environments and have the potential to improve rice. o. barthii is a wild rice species endemic to africa and the known progenitor of the african cultivated rice, o. glaberrima. to explore the genetic potential of the o. barthii as a gene ...201729085251
genetic analysis of a hybrid sterility gene that causes both pollen and embryo sac sterility in hybrids between oryza sativa l. and oryza longistaminata.oryza longistaminata originates from african wild rice and contains valuable traits conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. however, interspecific crosses between o. longistaminata and oryza sativa cultivars are hindered by reproductive barriers. to dissect the mechanism of interspecific hybrid sterility, we developed a near-isogenic line (nil) using indica variety rd23 as the recipient parent and o. longistaminata as the donor parent. both pollen and embryo sac semi-sterility were ob ...201728657614
adapting genotyping-by-sequencing for rice f2 populations.rapid and cost-effective genotyping of large mapping populations can be achieved by sequencing a reduced representation of the genome of every individual in a given population, and using that information to generate genetic markers. a customized genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) pipeline was developed to genotype a rice f2 population from a cross of oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. nipponbare and the african wild rice species o. longistaminata while most gbs pipelines aim to analyze mainly homozygous ...201728082325
a single base change explains the independent origin of and selection for the nonshattering gene in african rice domestication.reduced seed shattering was a critical evolutionary step in crop domestication. two cultivated rice species, oryza sativa and oryza glaberrima, were independently domesticated from the wild species oryza rufipogon in asia and oryza barthii in africa, respectively. a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in the c gene, which encodes a trihelix transcription factor, causes nonshattering in o. sativa. however, the genetic mechanism of nonshattering in o. glaberrima is poorly understood. we conducted ...201727861933
a hypersensitivity-like response to meloidogyne graminicola in rice (oryza sativa l.).meloidogyne graminicola (m. graminicola) is a major plant-parasitic nematode affecting rice cultivation in asia. resistance to this nematode was found in the african rice genotypes oryza glaberrima and o. longistaminata, however, due to interspecific hybrid sterility, the introgression of resistance genes in the widely consumed o. sativa varieties remains challenging. recently, resistance was found in o. sativa and here we report for the first time the histological and genetic characterization o ...201729161206
macromolecular traits in the african rice oryza glaberrima and in glaberrima/sativa crosses, and their relevance to processing.molecular properties of proteins and starch were investigated in 2 accessions of oryza glaberrima and oryza sativa, and in one nerica cross between the 2 species, to assess traits that could be relevant to transformation into specific foods. protein nature and organization in o. glaberrima were different from those in o. sativa and in nerica. despite the similar cysteine content in all samples, thiol accessibility in o. glaberrima proteins was higher than in nerica or in o. sativa. inter-protein ...201728850662
a walk on the wild side: oryza species as source for rice abiotic stress tolerance.oryza sativa, the common cultivated rice, is one of the most important crops for human consumption, but production is increasingly threatened by abiotic stresses. although many efforts have resulted in breeding rice cultivars that are relatively tolerant to their local environments, climate changes and population increase are expected to soon call for new, fast generation of stress tolerant rice germplasm, and current within-species rice diversity might not be enough to overcome such needs. the ...201728323300
genetic variation and host-parasite specificity of striga resistance and tolerance in rice: the need for predictive breeding.the parasitic weeds striga asiatica and striga hermonthica cause devastating yield losses to upland rice in africa. little is known about genetic variation in host resistance and tolerance across rice genotypes, in relation to virulence differences across striga species and ecotypes. diverse rice genotypes were phenotyped for the above traits in s. asiatica- (tanzania) and s. hermonthica-infested fields (kenya and uganda) and under controlled conditions. new rice genotypes with either ecotype-sp ...201728191641
proteome-wide lysine acetylation identification in developing rice (oryza sativa) seeds and protein co-modification by acetylation, succinylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation.protein lysine acetylation is a highly conserved post-translational modification with various biological functions. however, only a limited number of acetylation sites have been reported in plants, especially in cereals, and the function of non-histone protein acetylation is still largely unknown. in this report, we identified 1003 lysine acetylation sites in 692 proteins of developing rice seeds, which greatly extended the number of known acetylated sites in plants. seven distinguished motifs w ...201729313810
ospt4 contributes to arsenate uptake and transport in rice.arsenic (as) is toxic to organisms, and elevated as accumulation in rice (oryza sativa) grain may pose a significant health risk to humans. the predominant form of as in soil under aerobic conditions is as(v), which has a chemical structure similar to that of po43-. rice roots take up as(v) by phosphate (pi) transporters, such as ospt1 and ospt8. in the present study, we investigated the contribution of ospt4, belonging to the pht1 family, on rice as(v) uptake and transport. we determined the mr ...201729312424
identification and map-based cloning of the light-induced lesion mimic mutant 1 (lil1) gene in rice.the hypersensitive response (hr) is a mechanism by which plants prevent the spread of pathogen. despite extensive study, the molecular mechanisms underlying hr remain poorly understood. lesion mimic mutants (lmms), such as lil1 that was identified in an ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenized population of indica rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. indica) 93-11, can be used to study the hr. under natural field conditions, the leaves of lil1 mutant plants exhibited light-induced, small, rust-red lesions that ...201729312386
favorable marker alleles for panicle exsertion length in rice (oryza sativa l.) mined by association mapping and the rstep-lrt method.the panicle exsertion length (pel) in rice (oryza sativa l.) is an important trait for hybrid seed production. we investigated the pel in a chromosome segment substitution line (cssl) population consisting of 66 lines and a natural population composed of 540 varieties. in the cssl population, a total of seven qtls for pel were detected across two environments. the percentage of phenotypic variance explained (pve) ranged from 10.22 to 50.18%, and the additive effect ranged from -1.77 to 6.47 cm. ...201729312380
variation in the abundance of oshak1 transcript underlies the differential salinity tolerance of an indica and a japonica rice cultivar.salinity imposes a major constraint over the productivity of rice. a set of chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls), derived from a cross between the japonica type cultivar (cv.) nipponbare (salinity sensitive) and the indica type cv. 9311 (moderately tolerant), was scored using a hydroponics system for their salinity tolerance at the seedling stage. two of the cssls, which share a ∼1.2 mbp stretch of chromosome 4 derived from cv. nipponbare, were as sensitive to the stress as cv. nipponba ...201729354152
genome-wide association study of seed dormancy and the genomic consequences of improvement footprints in rice (oryza sativa l.).seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait affecting grain yield and quality because of pre-harvest germination and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. however, our knowledge of the factors controlling seed dormancy remains limited. to better reveal the molecular mechanism underlying this trait, a genome-wide association study was conducted in an indica-only population consisting of 453 accessions genotyped using 5,291 snps. nine known and new significant snps were identi ...201729354150
disruption of ossec3a increases the content of salicylic acid and induces plant defense responses in rice.the exocyst, an evolutionarily conserved octameric protein complex involved in exocytosis, has been reported to be involved in diverse aspects of morphogenesis in arabidopsis. however, the molecular functions of such exocytotic molecules in rice are poorly understood. here, we examined the molecular function of ossec3a, an important subunit of the exocyst complex in rice. the ossec3a gene is expressed in various organs, and ossec3a has the potential ability to participate in the exocyst complex ...201729300985
oryza sativa salt-induced ring e3 ligase 2 (ossirp2) acts as a positive regulator of transketolase in plant response to salinity and osmotic stress.a rice gene (ossirp2) encoding the ring ub e3 ligase was highly induced under salinity stress and physically interacted with a transketolase (ostkl1). overexpression of ossirp2 conferred salinity and osmotic stress tolerance in plants. the ring e3 ligases play a vital role in post transitional modification through ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation that mediate plants responses during abiotic stresses and signal transduction. in this study, we report an oryza sativa salt induced really ...201729285618
characterization of the rice nla family reveals a key role for osnla1 in phosphate homeostasis.phosphate (pi), an essential mineral nutrient for plant development and reproduction, is one of the main components of fertilizers in modern agriculture. previous research demonstrated that atnla1 mediates ubiquitination of pi transporters in the plasma membrane and triggers their endocytosis and degradation in arabidopsis. in this study, we researched the function of nla homologous proteins in pi homeostasis in rice.201729282559
small rna profiling for identification of mirnas involved in regulation of saponins biosynthesis in chlorophytum borivilianum.micrornas act as molecular regulator of cell signaling, plant growth and development, and regulate various primary and secondary plant metabolic processes. in the present study, deep sequencing of small rnas was carried out to identify known and novel mirnas from pharmaceutically important plant, chlorophytum borivilianum.201729281971
how could agronomic biofortification of rice be an alternative strategy with higher cost-effectiveness for human iron and zinc deficiency in china?iron and zinc deficiencies affect human health globally, especially in developing countries. agronomic biofortification, as a strategy for alleviating these issues, has been focused on small-scale field studies, and not widely applied while lacking of cost-effectiveness analysis (cea).201729281918
nanoparticle size and production efficiency are affected by the presence of fatty acids during albumin nanoparticle fabrication.we have previously identified extensive glycation, bound fatty acids and increased quantities of protein aggregates in commercially available recombinant hsa (rhsa) expressed in oryza sativa (asian rice) (osrhsa) when compared to rhsa from other expression systems. we propose these differences may alter some attributes of nanoparticles fabricated with osrhsa, as studies have associated greater quantities of aggregates with increased nanoparticle diameters. to determine if this is the case, nanop ...201729281685
fine mapping of quick rooting1 and 2, quantitative trait loci increasing root length in rice.the volume that the root system can occupy is associated with the efficiency of water and nutrient uptake from soil. genetic improvement of root length, which is a limiting factor for root distribution, is necessary for increasing crop production. in this report, we describe identification of two qtls for maximal root length, quick rooting 1 (qro1) on chromosome 2 and qro2 on chromosome 6 in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). we measured the maximal root length in 26 lines carrying chromosome se ...201729279303
mutation of the ossac1 gene, which encodes an endoplasmic reticulum protein with an unknown function, causes sugar accumulation in rice leaves.sugars are the most abundant organic compounds produced by plants, and can be used to build carbon skeleton and generate energy. the sugar accumulation 1 (ossac1) gene encodes a protein with an unknown function that exhibits four n-terminal transmembrane regions and two conserved domains duf4220 and duf594 with unknown functions. ossac1 was found poorly and specifically expressed at the bottoms of young leaves and in the developing leaf sheathes. subcellular location results showed that ossac1 w ...201729272542
high temperature-induced expression of rice α-amylases in developing endosperm produces chalky grains.global warming impairs grain filling in rice and reduces starch accumulation in the endosperm, leading to chalky-appearing grains, which damages their market value. we found previously that high temperature-induced expression of starch-lytic α-amylases during ripening is crucial for grain chalkiness. because the rice genome carries at least eight functional α-amylase genes, identification of the α-amylase(s) that contribute most strongly to the production of chalky grains could accelerate effici ...201729270189
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