| molecular cloning of a novel water channel from rice: its products expression in xenopus oocytes and involvement in chilling tolerance. | water channel proteins, aquaporins, play a fundamental role in transmembrane water movements in plants. we isolated rice cdna, rwc1, by screening a rice (oryza sativa cv. josaeng tongil) cdna library using a conserved motif of aquaporins. like other aquaporin genes, rwc1 encodes a 290-residue protein with six putative transmembrane domains. the derived amino acid sequence of rwc1 shows high homology with pip1 (plasma membrane intrinsic protein 1) subfamily members, which suggest it is localized ... | 2000 | 10725557 |
| expression of the chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein by oxidative stress in rice. | a rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nakdong) cdna clone, oshsp26, encoding the chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein (smhsp) was isolated. southern blot analysis of genomic dna and the result of screening of a cdna library indicated that the oshsp26 gene is encoded by a single gene in the rice genome. the oshsp26 gene was expressed following heat stress: the transcript level was highest when rice leaves were treated at high temperatures for 2h at 42 degrees c, and the transcripts became detecta ... | 2000 | 10717479 |
| international rice genome sequencing project: the effort to completely sequence the rice genome. | the international rice genome sequencing project (irgsp) involves researchers from ten countries who are working to completely and accurately sequence the rice genome within a short period. sequencing uses a map-based clone-by-clone shotgun strategy; shared bacterial artificial chromosome/p1-derived artificial chromosome libraries have been constructed from oryza sativa ssp. japonica variety 'nipponbare'. end-sequencing, fingerprinting and marker-aided pcr screening are being used to make sequen ... | 2000 | 10712951 |
| characterization of xet-related genes of rice. | to elucidate the mechanism of internodal elongation in rice (oryza sativa l.), we analyzed genes encoding xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (xet), a cell wall-loosening enzyme essential for cell elongation. four rice xet-related (xtr) genes, osxtr1, osxtr2, osxtr3, and osxtr4, were isolated and their expression patterns in rice plants determined. the expression of the four xtr genes showed different patterns of organ specificity and responses to several plant hormones. osxtr1 and osxtr3 were up-re ... | 2000 | 10712549 |
| quantitative trait loci for root-penetration ability and root thickness in rice: comparison of genetic backgrounds. | drought is the major abiotic stress limiting rice (oryza sativa) production and yield stability in rainfed lowland and upland ecosystems. root systems play an important role in drought resistance. incorporation of root selection criteria in drought resistance improvement is difficult due to lack of reliable and efficient screening techniques. using a wax-petrolatum layer system simulated to compacted soil layers, root traits were evaluated in a doubled haploid (dh) population derived from the cr ... | 2000 | 10701113 |
| distribution and characterization of enzymes causing starch degradation in rice (oryza sativa cv. koshihikari). | the thermal dependency and stability of enzymes producing reducing sugar (rs) were examined in bran, the exterior 13% part (outer endosperm), and the remaining inner endosperm of rice grains. rs-producing enzymes in the inner endosperm showed a higher optimum temperature than those in other parts of the rice grain. diethylaminoethyl-sephacel chromatography of crude extracts revealed two peaks of rs-producing activity with different optimum temperatures (60 and 37 degrees c) in all three parts. a ... | 2000 | 10691623 |
| development of pcr-based markers for thermosensitive genetic male sterility gene tms3(t) in rice (oryza sativa l.). | development of simple and reliable pcr-based markers is an important component of marker-aided selection (mas) activities for agronomically important genes in rice breeding. in order to develop pcr-based markers for a rice thermosensitive genetic male sterility gene tms3(t), located on chromosome 6, the nucleotide sequences of four linked rapd markers opf18(2600), opac3(640), opb19(750) and opm7(550) were used to design and synthesize several pairs of specific primers for pcr amplification of th ... | 1999 | 10680295 |
| characterization of a cdna encoding a rice mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel and its gene expression studied upon plant development and osmotic stress. | the voltage-dependent anion channel (vdac) of mitochondria forms a large pore in the outer envelope membrane. here, the full oryza sativa osvdac1 cdna was sequenced and is shown to belong to a small multigene family in the rice genome. this cdna is 1093 bp long and codes for a protein of 274 amino acids. expression studies of the osvdac1 gene show a regulation of its level in function of the plantlets maturation and organs. in contrast with several bacterial porins, osmotic stress does not have ... | 2000 | 10675523 |
| characterisation of extracellular polysaccharides from suspension cultures of members of the poaceae. | microscopic examination of suspension- cultured cells of phleum pratense l., panicum miliaceum l., phalarisaquatica l. and oryza sativa l. showed that they were comprised of numerous root primordia. polysaccharides secreted by these suspension cultures contained glycosyl linkages consistent with the presence of high proportions of root mucilage-like polysaccharides. in contrast, suspension-cultured cells of hordeum vulgare l. contained mostly undifferentiated cells more typical of plant cells in ... | 2000 | 10664132 |
| characterization of two cdna clones encoding isozymes of the f(1)f(0)-atpase inhibitor protein of rice mitochondria. | two cdna clones encoding f(1)f(0)-atpase inhibitor proteins, which are loosely associated with the f(1) part of the mitochondrial f(1)f(0)-atpase, were characterized from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare). a northern hybridization showed that the two genes (designated as if(1)-1 and if(1)-2) are transcribed in all the organs examined. however, the steady-state mrna levels varied among organs. a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the two if(1) genes and the amino acid sequence ... | 2000 | 10664124 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of calreticulin, a calcium-binding protein involved in the regeneration of rice cultured suspension cells. | a full-length cdna clone encoding a phosphoprotein (pp56) involved in the regeneration of rice (oryza sativa l.)-cultured suspension cells was isolated by screening a rice cultured suspension cell cdna library. the 1558-bp cdna sequence contains an orf encoding an acidic (pi 4.38) protein of 424 amino acids (47.9 kda), sharing 70-93% and 50-53% homology with other plant and mammalian calreticulins, respectively. sequence analysis of the cdna clone revealed several significant conserved motifs, i ... | 2000 | 10651810 |
| technical advance: transcript profiling in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings using serial analysis of gene expression (sage) | serial analysis of gene expression (sage) was applied for profiling expressed genes in rice seedlings. in the sage method, a 9-11 bp fragment (tag) represents each transcript, and frequency of a tag in the sample directly reflects the abundance of the respective mrna. we studied 10 122 tags derived from 5921 expressed genes in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings, among which only 1367 genes (23.1%) matched the rice cdna or est sequences in the dna database. sage showed that most of the highly expre ... | 1999 | 10652144 |
| changes in cell structure during the formation of root aerenchyma insagittaria lancifolia (alismataceae). | in many wetland species, root aerenchyma is produced by the predictable collapse of root cortex cells, indicating a programmed cell death (pcd). the objective of this study was to characterize the cellular changes that accompany this pcd in the marsh species sagittaria lancifolia. structural changes in membranes and organelles were examined during development of root cortex cells to compare with previous examples of pcd. the organization of cortical microtubule (cmt) arrays in root cells from s. ... | 2000 | 10636825 |
| engineering the provitamin a (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm. | rice (oryza sativa), a major staple food, is usually milled to remove the oil-rich aleurone layer that turns rancid upon storage, especially in tropical areas. the remaining edible part of rice grains, the endosperm, lacks several essential nutrients, such as provitamin a. thus, predominant rice consumption promotes vitamin a deficiency, a serious public health problem in at least 26 countries, including highly populated areas of asia, africa, and latin america. recombinant dna technology was us ... | 2000 | 10634784 |
| ac-mediated trans-activation of the ds element in rice (oryza sativa l.) cells as revealed by gus assay. | a method using particle bombardment and beta-glucuronidase (gus) assay was applied to rice callus for detecting the excision of the maize ds element trans-activated by the ac transposase source. excision of ds biolistically introduced into rice callus resulted in the restoration of the interrupted gus gene expression, allowing visual detection of trans-activation two days after bombardment. only the transgenic callus lines expressing the ac transposase gene and the wild-type callus co-transforme ... | 1999 | 10628294 |
| developmentally regulated expression of a peptide:n-glycanase during germination of rice seeds (oryza sativa) and its purification and characterization. | peptide:n-glycanase (pngase; ec 3.5.1.52) activity was detected in dormant rice seeds (oryza sativa) and the imbibed rice grains. time-course studies revealed that the enzyme activity remained almost constant until about 30 h after imbibition in both of endosperm- and embryo tissue-containing areas, and started to increase only in growing germ part, reached a peak at about 3-day stage, followed by a gradual decrease concomitant with a sharp increase in the coleoptile. the specific activity incre ... | 2000 | 10617595 |
| separation of proteins from stressed rice (oryza sativa l.) leaf tissues by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: induction of pathogenesis-related and cellular protectant proteins by jasmonic acid, uv irradiation and copper chloride. | we have used three kinds of stresses, including the signaling compound jasmonic acid, an environmental stressor, uv irradiation, and a heavy metal salt copper chloride, to study changes in the protein patterns in rice (oryza sativa l.) leaf tissues using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. however, instead of using lysis buffer containing urea (o'farrell, j. biol. chem. 1975, 250, 4007-4021) for extraction of proteins from rice seedling tissues, we used tris-hcl buffer (commonly ... | 1999 | 10608717 |
| plant low-molecular-weight phospholipase a2s (pla2s) are structurally related to the animal secretory pla2s and are present as a family of isoforms in rice (oryza sativa). | recently, we purified to homogeneity and characterized a low-molecular-weight calcium-dependent phospholipase a2 (pla2) from developing elm seed endosperm. this represented the first purified and characterized pla2 from a plant tissue. the full sequences of two distinct but homologous rice (oryza sativa) cdnas are given here. these encode mature proteins of 1 19 amino acids (pla2-i, preceded by a 19 amino acid signal peptide) and 128 amino acids (pla2-ii. preceded by a 25 amino acid signal pepti ... | 1999 | 10608658 |
| volatile components in stored rice [oryza sativa (l.)] of varieties with and without lipoxygenase-3 in seeds. | lipoxygenase (lox) is thought to play an important role in the formation of desirable or undesirable flavor and aroma in many plant products. in rice seeds, lox activity is localized in the bran fraction and lox-3 is the major isozyme component. we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine whether the degree of staleness in the flavor of stored brown rice was related to the presence of lox-3. we found that the amount of hexanal, pentanal, and pentanol in normal raw lox-3 rice marked ... | 1999 | 10552425 |
| a tourist element in the 5'-flanking region of the catalase gene cata reveals evolutionary relationships among oryza species with various genome types. | tourist-osacata, a transposable element, was found in the 5'-flanking region of the rice gene cata. the characteristics of this element are similar to those of the other tourist elements so far found in oryza sativa. pcr and sequence analyses of 37 accessions of 18 species revealed that all the oryza species examined, except for one accession, have either a full-length or a partial tourist element at this locus. unlike the tourist elements previously reported, this tourist element is found in al ... | 1999 | 10589837 |
| [molecular mapping of the s-a locus for f1 pollen sterility in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | f1 pollen sterility in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) was found to be caused by at least six loci of f1 pollen sterility genes. at the s-a locus, one of the six loci for f1 pollen sterility, the allelic interaction of s-ai and s-aj causes the male gametes carrying s-aj allele abortive. to map the s-a locus, taichung 65(t65), a keng (japonica) variety with s-aj/s-aj, its isogenic f1 sterile line tisl4 with s-ai/s-ai from chin-tsao, a hsien (indica) variety, and the f2 population from cross t65 ... | 1999 | 10589160 |
| structural features of a gene encoding the vacuolar h+-atpase c subunit from a marine red alga, porphyra yezoensis. | we report the nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding the c ('16 kda') subunit of the vacuolar-type h+-atpase (v-atpase) from a marine red alga, porphyra yezoensis. a cdna clone was isolated from a leafy gametophyte cdna library and analyzed for the sequence. the genomic dna sequence was directly determined by nested pcr. the structural gene contained four introns within a coding sequence of 483 base pairs which encodes a polypeptide of 161-amino acids with four hydrophobic transmembrane-spanning ... | 1999 | 10574457 |
| okadaic acid mimics nitrogen-stimulated transcription of the nadh-glutamate synthase gene in rice cell cultures. | okadaic acid (oka), a potent and specific inhibitor of protein serine/threonine phosphatases 1 and 2a, induced the accumulation of nadh-glutamate synthase (gogat) mrna within 4 h in rice (oryza sativa l.) cell cultures. in contrast to the transient accumulation of nadh-gogat mrna by nh(4)(+), oka caused a continuous accumulation for at least 24 h. the induction of nadh-gogat mrna by oka was not inhibited in the presence of methionine sulfoximine, which inhibited the nh(4)(+)-induced accumulation ... | 1999 | 10557228 |
| differentially and developmentally regulated expression of three rice sucrose synthase genes. | the spatial and temporal distribution of sucrose synthase (rsus) in rice (oryza sativa l.) was studied by western and immunohistochemical analyses using the monospecific antibodies for three rsus isoforms. in leaf tissues, rsus1 was localized in the mesophyll while rsus2 was in the phloem in addition to the mesophyll. in the roots, only rsus1 was found in the phloem. no rsus3 could be detected in any parts of etiolated seedlings. the expression of each rsus gene is closely linked to the seed dev ... | 1999 | 10555303 |
| differential expression of rice alpha-amylase genes during seedling development under anoxia. | the unique capability of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings to grow under anoxic conditions may result in part from their ability to express alpha-amylase and maintain the supply of sugar needed for energy metabolism. previous studies have demonstrated that under aerobic conditions the amy1 and amy2 subfamily genes are regulated primarily by phytohormones while the amy3 subfamily genes are induced during sugar starvation. the expression patterns for these alpha-amylase genes were considerably diff ... | 1999 | 10527416 |
| the starch-debranching enzymes isoamylase and pullulanase are both involved in amylopectin biosynthesis in rice endosperm | the activities of the two types of starch debranching enzymes, isoamylase and pullulanase, were greatly reduced in endosperms of allelic sugary-1 mutants of rice (oryza sativa), with the decrease more pronounced for isoamylase than for pullulanase. however, the decrease in isoamylase activity was not related to the magnitude of the sugary phenotype (the proportion of the phytoglycogen region of the endosperm), as observed with pullulanase. in the moderately mutated line em-5, the pullulanase act ... | 1999 | 10517831 |
| metaphase chromosome accumulation and flow karyotypes in rice (oryza sativa l.) root tip meristem cells. | highly efficient cell synchronization and metaphase chromosome accumulation in rice root tip cells were achieved. flow cytometric analysis was performed for obtaining optimal parameters to synchronize the cell cycles. high mitotic indices (about 57.6% in root tip meristemic area) were obtained by treating seedlings with 0.5 cm length using 0.5 mm hydroxyurea at 30 degrees c for 4 h, incubating in a hydroxyurea-free solution for 30 min, and then treating with 0.3 microm trifluralin for 3 h. after ... | 1999 | 10515609 |
| anaerobic conversion of carbon dioxide to methane, acetate and propionate on washed rice roots. | washed excised roots of rice (oryza sativa) produced h(2), ch(4), acetate, propionate and butyrate when incubated under anoxic conditions. acetate production was most pronounced with a maximum rate (mean+/-standard error; four different root preparations) of 3.4+/-0.6 µmol h(-1) g-dry weight(-1) roots, compared to 0.45+/-0.13, 0.06+/-0.03, and 0.04+/-0.01 µmol h(-1) g-dw(-1) for propionate, butyrate and ch(4)1 kpa after one day of incubation. then it decreased and reached more or less constant c ... | 1999 | 10508939 |
| transcript accumulation and utilization of alternate and non-consensus splice sites in rice granule-bound starch synthase are temperature-sensitive and controlled by a single-nucleotide polymorphism. | granule-bound starch synthase (gbss), a product of the waxy gene in rice (oryza sativa l.), is necessary for the synthesis of amylose in the endosperm. in an extended pedigree of 89 rice cultivars, we have previously shown that all cultivars with more than 18% amylose had the sequence aggtata at the leader intron 5' splice site, while all cultivars with a lower proportion of amylose had the sequence agttata. this single-nucleotide polymorphism reduces the efficiency of gbss pre-mrna processing. ... | 1999 | 10480395 |
| random amplified polymorphic dna analysis of indian scented basmati rice (oryza sativa l.) germplasm for identification of variability and duplicate accessions, if any. | genetic variation among the seventeen basmati rice accessions collected from the farmers' fields located at different places in india was analyzed using ten arbitrary tenmer oligonucleotide primers by the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method. the number of polymorphic/monomorphic bands among the pairwise combinations of the accessions and the total number of bands were determined to categorize all the accessions in different groups of similarity and dissimilarity at the genetic level. ... | 1999 | 10435450 |
| intergeneric somatic hybrids of rice [oryza sativa l. (+) porteresia coarctata (roxb.) tateoka]. | somatic hybrid plants were obtained following the electrofusion of rice (oryza sativa l. cv 'taipei 309', 2n = 2x = 24) cell suspension-derived protoplasts with non-dividing leaf protoplasts of porteresia coarctata (2n = 4x = 48), a saline-tolerant wild species. fusion-treated protoplasts were plated on the surface of cellulose nitrate filter membranes, overlaying lolium multiflorum nurse cells. the nurse cells were embedded in kpr medium containing 0.5 mg l(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid an ... | 1999 | 22665191 |
| characterization of specific binding sites for a mitogenic sulfated peptide, phytosulfokine-alpha, in the plasma-membrane fraction derived from oryza sativa l. | treatment of rice cells with an endogenous mitogenic peptide, phytosulfokine-alpha (psk-alpha), results in cell proliferation. in the present study, [3h]psk-alpha prepared by catalytic reduction of a psk-alpha analog containing tetradehydroisoleucine was employed to identify putative psk-alpha target molecules on rice plasma membranes. membrane binding of the ligand was found to be saturable, reversible and ph dependent. scatchard analysis demonstrated the existence of both high- and low-affinit ... | 1999 | 10411626 |
| rapd mapping in a doubled haploid population of rice (oryza sativa l.). | to examine the distribution and genome coverage of rapds, a total of 242 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers generated by 73 random decamer primers were mapped onto 12 rice chromosomes by linkage analysis using a doubled haploid population, developed from an indica x japonica cross. the rapd markers were derived from both parents equally and were well distributed over the rice genome. furthermore, multiple rapd markers generated from the same primer were dispersed over different chro ... | 1999 | 10364828 |
| expression of a gibberellin-induced leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase in deepwater rice and its interaction with kinase-associated protein phosphatase. | we identified in deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.) a gene encoding a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like transmembrane protein kinase, ostmk (o. sativa transmembrane kinase). the transcript levels of ostmk increased in the rice internode in response to gibberellin. expression of ostmk was especially high in regions undergoing cell division and elongation. the kinase domain of ostmk was enzymatically active, autophosphorylating on serine and threonine residues. a cdna encoding a rice ortholog of a k ... | 1999 | 10364408 |
| rice enod40: isolation and expression analysis in rice and transgenic soybean root nodules. | the early nodulin enod40 has been proposed as playing a pivotal role in the organogenesis of legume root nodules. we have isolated the enod40 gene homologues obenod40 and osenod40 from the wild and cultivated rice genotypes oryza brachyantha and oryza sativa, respectively. rice enod40s contain a sequence at the 5' end (region i) for encoding an oligopeptide that is highly conserved in all legume enod40s. furthermore, at the 3' end (region ii), the nucleotide sequence of rice enod40s exhibited a ... | 1999 | 10363365 |
| the distribution and copy number of copia-like retrotransposons in rice (oryza sativa l.) and their implications in the organization and evolution of the rice genome. | we used 22 fragments corresponding to the reverse transcriptase domain of copia-like retrotransposons as representatives to study the organization and distribution of these elements in the rice genome. the loci detected by these 22 fragments were assigned to 47 locations in the molecular-linkage map involving all 12 chromosomes. the distributional features of copia-like retrotransposons found in the rice genome indicated that (i) the loci detected were located mainly in one arm of each chromosom ... | 1999 | 10359797 |
| identification of mutable slender glume gene in rice (oryza sativa l.). | the segregation pattern and chromosomal location of a slender glume mutation, induced by gamma-ray irradiation, was investigated. the mutation is genetically unstable: in the selfed progenies of slender glumed plants, not only plants with normal glumes but also plants that are chimeric for glume shape almost always appear at low frequency. the results showed that the mutation is controlled by a single recessive, mutable mutant gene slg. the frequency of reversion of slg to its wild-type state wa ... | 1999 | 10323229 |
| water stress inhibits hydraulic conductance and leaf growth in rice seedlings but not the transport of water via mercury-sensitive water channels in the root | the mechanisms by which moderate water stress (adding polyethylene glycol 6000 to the root medium) induces a sustained inhibition of growth in emerging first leaves of intact rice (oryza sativa) seedlings was investigated under growth-chamber conditions. early (24 h) inhibition of leaf growth was not related to changes in root size or in osmotic potential gradients and cell wall-yielding characteristics in the leaf-expansion zone of stressed seedlings. however, reductions in root-to-leaf hydraul ... | 1999 | 10318692 |
| separation and characterization of proteins from green and etiolated shoots of rice (oryza sativa l.): towards a rice proteome. | proteins extracted from green and etiolated shoots of rice were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and relative molecular weights and isoelectric points were determined. the separated proteins were electroblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane and 85 proteins were analyzed by a gas-phase protein sequencer. the n-terminal amino acid sequences of 21 out of 85 proteins were determined in this manner. n-terminal regions of the remaining proteins could not be s ... | 1999 | 10217180 |
| expression of novel homeobox genes in early embryogenesis in rice. | we isolated four novel cdna clones of rice (oryza sativa l.), which encode predicted proteins with a kn1-like homeodomain. in situ hybridization and rt-pcr analysis with solid cdna libraries as templates showed that these genes are expressed in distinct patterns during the early stages of rice embryogenesis. | 1999 | 10095070 |
| molecular characterization of a gene for alanine aminotransferase from rice (oryza sativa). | a cdna clone encoding alanine aminotransferase (alaat) has isolated from randomly sequenced clones derived from a cdna library of maturing rice seeds by comparison to previously identified genes. the deduced amino acid sequence was 88% and 91% homologous to those of the enzymes from barley and broomcorn millet (panicum miliaceum), respectively. using this cdna as a probe, we isolated and sequenced the corresponding genomic clone. comparison of the sequences of the cdna and the genomic gene revea ... | 1999 | 10080717 |
| isolation and characterization of an anther-specific gene, ra8, from rice (oryza sativa l.). | an anther-specific cdna clone of rice, ra8, was isolated from an anther cdna library by differential screening. rna blot analysis indicated that the ra8 transcript is present specifically in anthers and the transcript level increased as flowers matured, reaching the highest level in mature flowers. the ra8 clone contains an open reading frame of 264 amino acid residues with a hydrophobic n-terminal region. the deduced amino acid sequences did not show significant homology to any known sequences. ... | 1999 | 10080707 |
| phosphorylation of proteins in the stem section of etiolated rice seedling irradiated with red light. | the molecular mechanism of light signal perception was analyzed using stem sections of etiolated rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings irradiated with red light from a fluorescent lamp. the membrane and cytosol fractions were labeled by 40 nm [gamma-32p]atp for 10 s at 0 degrees c and proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. phosphorylation of three proteins with molecular weights of 16, 17 and 18 kda in the rice increased with the intensity of red light irradiat ... | 1999 | 10077428 |
| nitrate-ammonium synergism in rice. a subcellular flux analysis | many reports have shown that plant growth and yield is superior on mixtures of no3- and nh4+ compared with provision of either n source alone. despite its clear practical importance, the nature of this n-source synergism at the cellular level is poorly understood. in the present study we have used the technique of compartmental analysis by efflux and the radiotracer 13n to measure cellular turnover kinetics, patterns of flux partitioning, and cytosolic pool sizes of both no3- and nh4+ in seedlin ... | 1999 | 10069842 |
| loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene osh15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf plants. | the rice homeobox gene osh15 (oryza sativa homeobox) is a member of the knotted1-type homeobox gene family. we report here on the identification and characterization of a loss-of-function mutation in osh15 from a library of retrotransposon-tagged lines of rice. based on the phenotype and map position, we have identified three independent deletion alleles of the locus among conventional morphological mutants. all of these recessive mutations, which are considered to be null alleles, exhibit defec ... | 1999 | 10022841 |
| interactions between senescence and leaf orientation determine in situ patterns of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice | photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice (oryza sativa l.) were examined in relation to leaf age and orientation. two varieties (ir72 and ir65598-112-2 [bsi206]) were grown in the field in the philippines during the dry season under highly irrigated, well-fertilized conditions. flag leaves were examined 60 and 100 d after transplanting. because of the upright nature of 60-d-old rice leaves, patterns of photosynthesis were determined by solar movements: light falling on the exposed ... | 1999 | 9952451 |
| quantitative intercellular localization of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase protein in different types of root cells in rice plants | the quantitative analysis with immunogold-electron microscopy using a single-affinity-purified anti-nadh-glutamate synthase (gogat) immunoglobulin g (igg) as the primary antibody showed that the nadh-gogat protein was present in various forms of plastids in the cells of the epidermis and exodermis, in the cortex parenchyma, and in the vascular parenchyma of root tips (<10 mm) of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings supplied with 1 mm nh4+ for 24 h. the values of the mean immunolabeling density of plast ... | 1999 | 9952435 |
| the expression of the salt-responsive gene salt from rice is regulated by hormonal and developmental cues. | the expression pattern of the salt gene was analyzed in different cell types and organs of rice (oryza sativa l.) in response to saline and hormonal treatments to obtain detailed information on the physiological cues controlling gene expression. gel blot analysis of rna and in-situ hybridization performed on seedlings grown for 10 ds in the presence of 1% nacl revealed that salt was expressed mainly in the younger tissues of the plant. in contrast, 6-week-old plants exhibited maximal salt mrna a ... | 1998 | 9951720 |
| construction of a dna library from chromosome 4 of rice (oryza sativa) by microdissection. | a simple method to create a chromosome-specific dna library of rice, including microdissection, amplification, characterization and cloning, is described. rice chromosome 4 from a metaphase cell has been isolated and amplified by the linker adapter pcr (la-pcr). the pcr products were labeled as probes with dig-11-dutp using the random priming method. southern blot analysis with rice genomic dna and specific rflp markers demonstrated that the pcr products were derived from rice chromosome 4. a la ... | 1998 | 9934536 |
| identification of the gene structure and promoter region of h+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase in rice (oryza sativa l. ). | in order to determine the gene structure and promoter region of vacuolar h+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (v-ppase), we isolated the genomic clones using a rice bac library and probes derived from rice v-ppase cdna (ovp1). the entire ovp1 gene is approx. 5.4 kb in length, and seven introns interrupt the coding sequence of ovp1. the first intron is extremely large (1869 bp), while the other introns are between 82 and 170 bp. a transcription initiation site, identified by a primer extens ... | 1999 | 9931464 |
| identification and characterization of novel retrotransposons of the gypsy type in rice. | we found that two dna fragments, which were obtained from oryza sativa l cv. ir36 by pcr using degenerate primers designed for amplification of a rice gene, showed homology with the rt gene encoding reverse transcriptase of the drosophila retrotransposon gypsy. we named the element from which they originated rire3 (for rice retrotransposon no. 3) and analyzed it further by isolating various clones containing segments of rire3. nucleotide sequencing of the clones revealed that rire3 has ltrs (231 ... | 1999 | 9928939 |
| isolation and characterization of a satellite dna family in the saccharum complex. | eacir1, a 371-bp erianthus-specific satellite dna sequence, was cloned from taqi restricted genomic dna after agarose-gel electrophoresis. this sequence has 77% homology with a 365-bp satellite of helictotrichon convolutum and 72% homology with a 353-bp tandem repeat sequence from oryza sativa. pcr primers defined in the conserved regions of these repetitive sequences were used to isolate other satellite dnas in different representatives of the saccharum complex: socir1 in saccharum officinarum, ... | 1998 | 9924794 |
| adventitious root growth and cell-cycle induction in deepwater rice | deepwater rice (oryza sativa) is adapted to survive conditions of severe flooding over extended periods of time. during such periods adventitious roots develop to provide water, nutrients, and anchorage. in the present study the growth of adventitious roots was induced by treatment with ethylene but not auxin, cytokinin, or gibberellin. root elongation was enhanced between 8 and 10 h after submergence. the population of cells in the s phase and expression of the s-phase-specific histone h3 gene ... | 1999 | 9880342 |
| purification and molecular genetic characterization of zpu1, a pullulanase-type starch-debranching enzyme from maize. | this study identified and purified specific isoamylase- and pullulanase-type starch-debranching enzymes (dbes) present in developing maize (zea mays l.) endosperm. the cdna clone zpu1 was isolated based on its homology with a rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna coding for a pullulanase-type dbe. comparison of the protein product, zpu1, with 18 other dbes identified motifs common to both isoamylase- and pullulanase-type enzymes, as well as class-specific sequence blocks. hybridization of zpu1 to genomic ... | 1999 | 9880368 |
| differential expression of genes for cyclin-dependent protein kinases in rice plants. | cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks) play key roles in regulating the eukaryotic cell cycle. we have analyzed the expression of four rice (oryza sativa) cdk genes, cdc2os1, cdc2os2, cdc2os3, and r2, by in situ hybridization of sections of root apices. transcripts of cdc2os1, cdc2os2, and r2 were detected uniformly in the dividing region of the root apex. cdc2os1 and cdc2os2 were also expressed in differentiated cells such as those in the sclerenchyma, pericycle, and parenchyma of the central ... | 1999 | 9880343 |
| isolation, analysis and expression of homologues of the soybean early nodulin gene gmenod93 (gmn93) from rice. | rice (oryza sativa var. nipponbare) possesses two different homologues of the soybean early nodulin gene gmenod93 (gmn93). analysis of the cdna clones of rice homologues showed that osenod93a has an open reading frame (orf) with a coding sequence homology of 58.2% to gmenod93, whereas the orf of osenod93b has displayed a homology of 42.3%. osenod93a and osenod93b genes are differentially expressed in different parts of the rice plant, as well as in cultured cells induced or non-induced with chit ... | 1998 | 9878846 |
| enantioselective relieving activity of α-methylbenzylphenylureas toward bensulfuron-methyl injury to rice (oryza sativa). | optically active α-methylbenzylphenylureas were tested for their relieving activities toward just-germinated rice seedlings injured by bensulfuron-methyl (methyl 2- [[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]- sulfonyl]methyl]benzoate) in an agar test to evaluate the chiral requirement and enantioselectivity. many kinds of derivatives of the α-methylbenzylphenylureas exhibited strong relieving activity without any affect on root growth at the highest concentration tested. six compoun ... | 1999 | 27393060 |
| momilactones a and b in rice straw harvested at different growth stages. | momilactones a and b in rice straw harvested at different growth stages were quantified by hplc-ms-ms. they increased to their maximal levels at the heading stage and then gradually decreased. in addition, these phytotoxins were found to be relatively easily extracted with water. | 1999 | 27380240 |
| stereochemistry of the reduction of 24-ethyldesmosterol to sitosterol in tissue cultures of oryza sativa. | feeding of [26-13c]- and [27-13c]-24-ethyldesmosterols to cultured cells of oryza sativa followed by 13c-nmr analysis of the biosynthesized sitosterol revealed that the reduction of 24(25)-double bond proceeds with an anti-addition of hydrogen atoms, thus the e-methyl group of the olefinic precursor becomes the pro-s-methyl on c-25 of sitosterol. | 1998 | 9871655 |
| expression and immunolocalisation of the snowdrop lectin, gna in transgenic rice plants. | transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants generated through particle bombardment expressed high levels of an insecticidal protein (the snowdrop lectin, gna) directed against sap-sucking insects. engineered plants expressed gna either constitutively or in a tissue specific manner, depending on the nature of the promoter used to drive expression of the gene. we used specific antibodies raised against gna to localize its expression in phloem tissue in plants engineered with the rice sucrose synthase ... | 1998 | 9859225 |
| isolation of a novel auxin receptor from soluble fractions of rice (oryza sativa l.) shoots. | an auxin binding protein (abp) was isolated from the shoots of rice seedlings and characterized. the abp was found to be a monomer with a molecular mass of 57 kda and play a crucial role via auxin binding in regulating h+ translocation activity of the plasma membrane in a typical biphasic manner. the results of binding equilibrium experiments indicate that the abp binds indole 3-acetic acid with a high affinity (kd = 1.9 x 10(-8) m), having four primary binding sites for auxin and some secondary ... | 1998 | 9827553 |
| carbonic anhydrase activity and co2-transfer resistance in zn-deficient rice leaves | it has been reported that carbonic anhydrase (ca) activity in plant leaves is decreased by zn deficiency. we examined the effects of zn deficiency on the activity of ca and on photosynthesis by leaves in rice plants (oryza sativa l.). zn deficiency increased the transfer resistance from the stomatal cavity to the site of co2 fixation 2. 3-fold and, consequently, the value of the transfer resistance relative to the total resistance in the co2-assimilation process increased from 10% to 21%. this c ... | 1998 | 9808737 |
| tissue localization of expansins in deepwater rice. | expansins are a family of proteins capable of inducing stress relaxation of isolated cell walls. in earlier studies, we showed that the expression of expansin genes in deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.) is regulated by developmental, hormonal and environmental stimuli. here, we describe the spatial distribution pattern of expansin transcripts and proteins in tissues and organs of deepwater rice using in situ mrna hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis. expansin transcripts and proteins are ... | 1998 | 9807819 |
| [genetic analysis on a new sterile locus discovered in hybrids between indica and japonica rice (oryza sativa l.)]. | japonica line 02428, possessing wide compatibility gene s-5n, showed semi-sterility as crossed with indica variety ir24. genetic analysis was conducted on the spikelet fertility in segregation generations from the crosses of 02428 with ir24, pecos and akihikara. the results indicated that the sterility in hybrids between 02428 and ir24 was controlled by a single non-allelic to s-5 gene and its inheritance fitted to one-locus sporo-gametophytic interaction model. pecos, an american variety, has a ... | 1998 | 9800438 |
| molecular dissection of developmental behavior of plant height in rice (oryza sativa l.). | a doubled haploid population of 123 lines from ir64/azucena was used to dissect the developmental behavior and genotype by environment interaction for plant height by conditional and unconditional quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping methods in rice. it was shown that the number of qtl detected was different at various measuring stages. some qtl could be detected at all stages and some only at one or several stages. more qtl could be found on the basis of time-dependent measures of different st ... | 1998 | 9799277 |
| changes in growth co2 result in rapid adjustments of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit gene expression in expanding and mature leaves of rice | the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates resulting from growth under elevated co2 may potentially signal the repression of gene activity for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcs). to test this hypothesis we grew rice (oryza sativa l.) under ambient (350 &mgr;l l-1) and high (700 &mgr;l l-1) co2 in outdoor, sunlit, environment-controlled chambers and performed a cross-switching of growth co2 concentration at the late-vegetative phase. within 24 h, plants swi ... | 1998 | 9765537 |
| production of transgenic rice (oryza sativa subspecies japonica cv. taipei 309). | | 1998 | 9760528 |
| genomic dna sequence of a rice gene coding for a pullulanase-type of starch debranching enzyme. | a genomic dna containing a rice (oryza sativa l., cv. norin-8) gene coding for a pullulanase-type starch debranching enzyme (ec 3.2.1. 41) was sequenced (embl/genbank/ddbj accession number ab012915). along the 15, 248 bp dna, the pullulanase gene is split into 26 exons. the four pullulanase consensus regions are positioned in the middle portion of the sequence and are separated by long introns and 1-3 exons. comparison of the rice cv. norin-8 pullulanase genomic structure with that of barley pul ... | 1998 | 9748665 |
| organization and structure of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase gene from rice plants. | genomic clones for nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (nadh-gogat; ec 1.4.1.14) were obtained from a genomic library of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. sasanishki). a genomic clone (lambdaos42, 14 kb) covered an entire structural gene and a 3.7 kb 5'-upstream region from the first methionine. another clone (lambdaos23, 14 kb) contained a 2.8 kb 3'-downstream region from the stop codon. a 7047 bp long clone (lambdaosr51) consisting of full length cdna for nadh-gogat was isolated from a cdna library prep ... | 1998 | 9748637 |
| use of alternate splice sites in granule-bound starch synthase mrna from low-amylose rice varieties. | the rice waxy gene encodes a granule-bound starch synthase (gbss) necessary for the synthesis of amylose in endosperm tissue. we have previously shown that a ct microsatellite near the transcriptional start site of the gbss gene can distinguish 7 alleles that accounted for more than 80% of the variation in apparent amylose content in an extended pedigree of 89 us rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.). furthermore, all the cultivars with 18% or less amylose were shown to have the sequence agttata at t ... | 1998 | 9747848 |
| a single base change altered the regulation of the waxy gene at the posttranscriptional level during the domestication of rice. | the rice waxy (wx) locus has two functional alleles, wxa and wxb, which are defined by a large difference in the amount of the gene product, called wx protein, that accumulates in mature seeds. to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this difference and to identify the base change causing the alteration of the regulation of the wx gene during rice evolution, we determined the nucleotide sequences of the regulatory region of wx alleles and analyzed their function in a transient assay syst ... | 1998 | 9718725 |
| expression of abscisic acid-responsive element-binding protein in salt-tolerant indica rice (oryza sativa l. cv. pokkali). | as the products of abiotic stress and aba inducible genes are predicted to play an important role in the mechanism of salt tolerance, the expression of transcription factor that recognizes abscisic acid-responsive element (abre) is likely to be regulated when plants are exposed to abiotic stress. northern analysis of total rna from control and salt-treated 10-day-old pokkali (salt tolerant) rice plants was performed to find out the level of transcripts homologous to wheat cdna (gc19) for embp-1 ... | 1998 | 9687067 |
| sugar sensing and alpha-amylase gene repression in rice embryos. | we used a transient expression system to study the mechanism by which carbohydrates repress a rice (oryza sativa l.) alpha-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1) gene. exogenously fed metabolizable carbohydrates are able to elicit repression of the alpha-amylase gene ramy3d in the rice embryo, and our results indicate that repression is also triggered efficiently by endogenous carbohydrates. glucose analogs that are taken up by plant cells but not phosphorylated by hexokinase are unable to repress the alpha-amyla ... | 1998 | 9684366 |
| dehydration-stress-regulated transgene expression in stably transformed rice plants | to confer abscisic acid (aba) and/or stress-inducible gene expression, an aba-response complex (abrc1) from the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) hva22 gene was fused to four different lengths of the 5' region from the rice (oryza sativa l.) act1 gene. transient assay of beta-glucuronidase (gus) activity in barley aleurone cells shows that, coupled with abrc1, the shortest minimal promoter (act1-100p) gives both the greatest induction and the highest level of absolute activity following aba treatment. ... | 1998 | 9662533 |
| rice bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor: characterization, localization, and changes in developing and germinating seeds. | a bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (rasi) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from rice (oryza sativa l.) bran. its molecular mass was 21 kda by sds-page and its isoelectric point was 9.05. purified rasi inhibited subtilisin carlsberg strongly and inhibited alpha-amylase from germinating rice seeds weakly. it inhibited rice alpha-amylase more than barley alpha-amylase, and the inhibition of rice alpha-amylase was greater at higher phs. rasi did not inhibit trypsin, chymotr ... | 1998 | 9648230 |
| in rice, oryzalin and abscisic acid differentially affect tubulin mrna and protein levels. | the effect of the anti-microtubular drug oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-n4,n4-dipropylsulfanilamide) on growth and elongation of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. arborio) roots and coleoptiles was investigated. at 100 nm, oryzalin strongly reduced primary root elongation, caused loss of cell anisotropy and the disappearance of the cortical microtubule array. under these conditions the amounts of alpha- and beta-tubulin protein, but not mrna, were heavily reduced. similar data were also obtained in coleoptile se ... | 1998 | 9640661 |
| three-dimensional analysis of the senescence program in rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptiles. investigations of tissues and cells by fluorescence microscopy. | the coleoptile of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nippon-bare) emerges from an imbibed seed on day 2 after sowing. then, it matures and senesces rapidly. for analysis of the senescence pattern within individual coleoptiles, we monitored the distribution of chlorophyll (chl) in entire coleoptiles and in cross-sections of coleoptiles by recording the autofluorescence of chl. degradation of chl was apparent at the tip of the margins of opened-out coleoptiles on day 4, when the overall levels of soluble p ... | 1998 | 9637068 |
| a new class ii rice chitinase, rcht2, whose induction by fungal elicitor is abolished by protein phosphatase 1 and 2a inhibitor. | among the four classes of chitinase, a class ii chitinase had not yet been reported for rice. we have isolated and characterized a class ii acidic chitinase, rcht2, from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. cheongcheongbyeo). the protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 261 amino acid residues and includes a putative signal sequence of 29 amino acids at its n-terminus. it has a calculated molecular mass of 27,642 da and an isoelectric point of 5.56. the rcht2 chitinase lacks the cysteine-rich and ... | 1998 | 9617819 |
| purification and characterization of a low-molecular-weight phospholipase a2 from developing seeds of elm. | phospholipase a2 (pla2) was purified about 180,000 times compared with the starting soluble-protein extract from developing elm (ulmus glabra) seeds. on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the purified fraction showed a single protein band with a mobility that corresponded to 15 kd, from which activity could be recovered. when analyzed by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the enzyme had a deduced mass of 13,900 d. a 53-amino acid- ... | 1998 | 9576789 |
| expression of nadh-dependent glutamate synthase protein in the epidermis and exodermis of rice roots in response to the supply of ammonium ions. | the mrna and protein for nadh-dependent glutamate synthase (nadh-gogat; ec 1.4.1.14) in root tips of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. sasanishiki) plants increases dramatically within 12 h of supplying a low concentration (> 0.05 mm) of ammonium ions (t. yamaya et al., 1995, plant cell physiol 36: 1197-1204). to identify the specific cells which are responsible for this rapid increase, the cellular localization of nadh-gogat protein was investigated immunocytologically with an affinity-purified anti-na ... | 1998 | 9530872 |
| the involvement of ca2+-dependent protein kinase in the regeneration of rice cultured suspension cells. | short-term cultured cells of rice (oryza sativa) were found to be capable of regeneration, in contrast to those obtained from long-term cultures. for clarification of the mechanism of regeneration, it was first necessary to distinguish protein kinase activity in long-term and short-term cultured cells; this activity was found greater in the former than latter. the activity was dependent on calcium, not phospholipid, phorbol ester or calmodulin. the apparent mr of both ca2+-dependent protein kina ... | 1998 | 9514612 |
| enhanced post-thaw viability of cryopreserved cells by oxygenated perfluorocarbon or pluronic f-68. | viability and growth following cryopreservation have been examined following (i) culture of oryza sativa cv. taipei 309 (japonica rice) in medium overlaying oxygenated perfluorocarbon (pfc) liquid (flutec pp6), and (ii) culture of two cvs. of japonica rice (taipei 309, tarom), and lolium multiflorum in media with pluronic f-68 (0.01-0.2% w/v). the mean viability of cv. taipei 309 rice cells following 4 days in medium overlaying oxygenated flutec (0.45 +/- 0.07; n = 20) was significantly (p < 0.0 ... | 1998 | 9507754 |
| effects of hypoxia on 13nh4+ fluxes in rice roots. kinetics and compartmental analysis kinetics and compartmental analysis | techniques of compartmental (efflux) and kinetic influx analyses with the radiotracer 13nh4+ were used to examine the adaptation to hypoxia (15, 35, and 50% o2 saturation) of root n uptake and metabolism in 3-week-old hydroponically grown rice (oryza sativa l., cv ir72) seedlings. a time-dependence study of nh4+ influx into rice roots after onset of hypoxia (15% o2) revealed an initial increase in the first 1 to 2.5 h after treatment imposition, followed by a decline to less than 50% of influx i ... | 1998 | 9490761 |
| evidence for a cytoskeleton-associated binding site involved in prolamine mrna localization to the protein bodies in rice endosperm tissue | previous studies have demonstrated that the mrnas encoding the prolamine and glutelin storage proteins are localized to morphologically distinct membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) complex in developing rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperm cells. to gain insight about this mrna localization process, we investigated the association of prolamine polysomes on the er that delimit the prolamine protein bodies (pbs). the bulk of the prolamine polysomes were resistant to extraction by 1% triton x-1 ... | 1998 | 9490759 |
| isolation, characterization and mrna expression of four cdnas encoding translation elongation factor 1a from rice (oryza sativa l.). | four different cdna clones encoding protein synthesis elongation factor 1a, eef1a, were isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.). the genes encoded by these cdnas were designated rice elongation factor 1a genes refa1, refa2, refa3 and refa4. the genes encoded identical eef-1a polypeptides and shared high amino acid identity with eef1a of other eukaryotes. southern blot analysis suggested that some of these refa genes may be organized in a cluster on the same chromosome within a short distance. pcr a ... | 1998 | 9484469 |
| differentiation and classification of parental lines and favorable genic interactions affecting f1 fertility in distant crosses of rice (oryza sativa l.). | this study was intended to investigate the extent of genetic differentiation in parental lines of rice hybrids and to analyze the genetic basis underlying the fertility phenomenon in distant crosses. two subsets of rice material (111 entries in total) were used, including 81 doubled-haploid (dh) lines and 30 indica and japonica rice varieties or lines (as a control). the dh lines was derived from a heterotic indica/japonica cross (gui630/02428) by anther culture. the materials in the control rep ... | 1998 | 24710893 |
| nuclear encoding of a plastid sigma factor in rice and its tissue- and light-dependent expression. | a full-length cdna encoding a putative sigma factor for a plastid rna polymerase was isolated from the higher plant oryza sativa . the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding nuclear gene, named os-siga ( o.sativa sigma a), predicts a polypeptide of 519 amino acids that contains a putative plastid-targeting sequence in its n-terminal region. the predicted mature protein shows extensive sequence homology to bacterial sigma factors, encompassing the conserved regions 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3, 4 ... | 1998 | 9421493 |
| a high-density rice genetic linkage map with 2275 markers using a single f2 population. | a 2275-marker genetic map of rice (oryza sativa l.) covering 1521.6 cm in the kosambi function has been constructed using 186 f2 plants from a single cross between the japonica variety nipponbare and the indica variety kasalath. the map provides the most detailed and informative genetic map of any plant. centromere locations on 12 linkage groups were determined by dosage analysis of secondary and telotrisomics using > 130 dna markers located on respective chromosome arms. a limited influence on ... | 1998 | 9475757 |
| maturation and translation mechanisms involved in the expression of a myb gene of rice. | we have isolated two overlapping cdnas coding for a myb-related protein expressed in aerobic and anaerobic rice (oryza sativa) roots and coleoptiles. analysis of their sequences reveals some peculiar features, suggesting the presence of post-transcriptional regulation events: an upstream orf, two unspliced introns and a putative leucine zipper in the orf coded by the unspliced rna. transient expression in protoplasts indicates that the upstream orf inhibits expression of a downstream coding sequ ... | 1997 | 9426621 |
| fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase activity in leaves of a rice mutant selected for enhanced lysine. | unknown proteins isolated from mutant tissues of rice (oryza sativa l.) recovered from inhibitor selections were subsequently peptide microsequenced. database searches putatively identified one peptide as fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ec 4.1.2.13). tissues of mutant rice, pi564784, and wild type (cv calrose 76) tissues were evaluated for aldolase activity. total enzyme activities were slightly lower in the mutant than the control but the differences were not significant. although the mutan ... | 1997 | 9419899 |
| cloning and expression of five myb-related genes from rice seed. | three elements in the promoter of rice glutelin genes are important for their endosperm specific expression. one of these, an aaca motif, has been shown to be a negative regulator in non-seed tissues and has a similarity to the barley gibberellin responsive element recognized by myb-like dna binding proteins. a cdna library constructed from immature rice seed was screened using two types of myb gene probes to isolate cdna clones representing genes encoding myb-like dna binding proteins that may ... | 1997 | 9370307 |
| synergistic enhancement of the postthaw growth of cryopreserved rice cells by oxygenated perfluorocarbon and pluronic f-68 | the beneficial effects were assessed of supplementing culture medium with oxygenated perfluorocarbon, both alone and in combination with 0.01 (w/v) pluronic f-68, on the postthaw viability, following cryopreservation, of suspension cultured cells of the japonica rice, oryza sativa cv. taipei 309. the mean viability, as assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction, of cells at 4 days after thawing was increased 20% over control by oxygenated perfluorodecalin (p < 0.05) in 100-ml glass jar ... | 1997 | 9367608 |
| isolation and characterization of matrix associated region dna fragments in rice (oryza sativa l.). | to investigate the interactions between chromosomal dna and nuclear matrices in higher plants, matrix associated regions (mars) of rice (oryza sativa l.) dnas were cloned. first, we prepared nuclear matrices from isolated nuclei by digesting them with ecori and then extracting with 2 m nacl. about 6% of the total dna remained in the nuclear matrices after this digestion and extraction. the residual dna fragments in the nuclear matrices were cloned. some of the cloned dna fragments showed binding ... | 1997 | 9360323 |
| microsatellite marker development, mapping and applications in rice genetics and breeding. | microsatellites are simple, tandemly repeated di- to tetra-nucleotide sequence motifs flanked by unique sequences. they are valuable as genetic markers because they are co-dominant, detect high levels of allelic diversity, and are easily and economically assayed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). results from screening a rice genomic library suggest that there are an estimated 5700-10,000 microsatellites in rice, with the relative frequency of different repeats decreasing with increasing si ... | 1997 | 9291963 |
| alien introgression in rice. | rice (oryza sativa l.) productivity is affected by several biotic and abiotic stresses. the genetic variability for some of these stresses is limited in the cultivated rice germplasm. moreover, changes in insect biotypes and disease races are a continuing threat to increased rice production. there is thus an urgent need to broaden the rice gene pool by introgressing genes for such traits from diverse sources. the wild species of oryza representing aa, bb, cc, bbcc, ccdd, ee, ff, gg and hhjj geno ... | 1997 | 9291958 |
| rice lipid transfer protein (ltp) genes belong to a complex multigene family and are differentially regulated. | several cdna clones encoding three different lipid transfer proteins (ltps) have been isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) in order to analyse the complexity, the evolution and the expression of the ltp gene family. the mature proteins deduced from three clones exhibited a molecular mass of 9 kda, in agreement with the molecular mass of other ltps from plants. the clones were shown to be homologous in the coding region, while the 3' non-coding regions diverged strongly between the clones. the oc ... | 1997 | 9305762 |
| varietal differences in protein phosphorylation during cold treatment of rice leaves. | the effects of cold stress on protein phosphorylation in leaves of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings were investigated. two-week-old rice seedlings were exposed to low temperature (5 degrees) for 6 hr at a relative humidity of 100%. the leaf protein extracts were phosphorylated in vitro. cold stress stimulated the phosphorylation of a 60 kda protein in the cold-sensitive rice variety, ir36. in the cold-tolerant rice variety, kitaibuki, this protein had already been phosphorylated. for greater clarif ... | 1997 | 9237396 |
| phytoalexin production elicited by exogenously applied jasmonic acid in rice leaves (oryza sativa l.) is under the control of cytokinins and ascorbic acid. | jasmonic acid (ja) has been shown to be a signaling compound which elicits the production of secondary metabolites including phytoalexins in plants. it has been shown that the phytoalexin production is elicited by exogenously applied ja in rice leaves. we now show that this phytoalexin production by exogenously applied ja is significantly counteracted by cytokinins, kinetin and zeatin. kinetin and zeatin also inhibit the induction of naringenin-7-o-methyltransferase (a key enzyme in rice phytoal ... | 1997 | 9257690 |
| a reversibly glycosylated polypeptide (rgp1) possibly involved in plant cell wall synthesis: purification, gene cloning, and trans-golgi localization. | we purified from pea (pisum sativum) tissue an approximately 40 kda reversibly glycosylated polypeptide (rgp1) that can be glycosylated by udp-glc, udp-xyl, or udp-gal, and isolated a cdna encoding it, apparently derived from a single-copy gene (rgp1). its predicted translation product has 364 aminoacyl residues and molecular mass of 41.5 kda. rgp1 appears to be a membrane-peripheral protein. immunogold labeling localizes it specifically to trans-golgi dictyosomal cisternae. along with other evi ... | 1997 | 9207152 |
| differential induction of pyruvate decarboxylase subunits and transcripts in anoxic rice seedlings. | in 2-d-old rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings subjected to anoxic stress, pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) activity increased 9-fold during a 168-h period. a polyclonal pdc antiserum that recognized alpha- and beta-subunits was used to quantify pdc protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and showed a 5.6-fold increase, suggesting that the anoxically induced enzyme has a higher specific activity than the pdc isoform present under normoxia. immunoblot analysis showed that levels of both pdc subu ... | 1997 | 9232881 |