Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted descending)
Filter
tracing the fate and transport of secondary plant metabolites in a laboratory mesocosm experiment by employing mass spectrometric imaging.mass spectrometric imaging (msi) has received considerable attention in recent years, since it allows the molecular mapping of various compound classes, such as proteins, peptides, glycans, secondary metabolites, lipids, and drugs in animal, human, or plant tissue sections. in the present study, the application of laser-based msi analysis of secondary plant metabolites to monitor their transport from the grass leaves of dactylis glomerata, over the crop of the grasshopper chorthippus dorsatus to ...201728357483
dynamics of runoff and sediment trapping performance of vegetative filter strips: run-on experiments and modeling.vegetative filter strips (vfss) are a labor-saving and cost-effective agricultural best management practice to trap water runoff and sediment from the source areas. they also provide forage and/or fuel and are therefore potentially profitable for land owners. vfss are however a dynamic system: the runoff delivery ratio (rdr) and sediment delivery ratio (sdr) vary with growth stage and vegetation types. the impacts of vegetation characteristics as well as soil physical properties modified by vege ...201728342418
the effects of plant nutritional strategy on soil microbial denitrification activity through rhizosphere primary metabolites.the aim of this study was to determine (i) whether plant nutritional strategy affects the composition of primary metabolites exuded into the rhizosphere and (ii) their impact on denitrification activity in soil. we answer this question by analysing primary metabolite contents extracted from the root-adhering soil (ras) and the roots of three grasses representing different nutrient management strategies: conservative (festuca paniculata), intermediate (bromus erectus) and exploitative (dactylis g ...201728334144
flock size and habitat-dependent food and energy intake of foraging goldfinches.during the breeding season goldfinches (carduelis carduelis l.) feed on milky ripe seeds of about 20 food plants. individual goldfinches joining a flock reduce the time spent vigilant with increasing flock size. therefore birds feeding in flocks get an increased intake of kernels per time unit. this was measured for five different food plants (dactylis glomerata (gramineae), knautia arvensis (dipsacaceae), senecio vulgaris, taraxacum officinale, tragopogon pratensis (compositae)). in large-sized ...198628312098
 leptopterna dolobrata (l.) (holarctis) and calocoris roseomaculatus (de geer) (palaearctis) are single-brooded in the whole range of their distribution and hibernate in the egg stage. both species are active only for 21/2 months, while the egg stage lasts over 9 months.the main food plants of leptopterna are dactylis glomerata and alopecurus pratensis. whereas the instars i-iii feed on the ears of the grasses only, the later stages, including the adults, may change to the stems and leaves. in th ...197128311800
polyploidy and habitat differentiation in dactylis glomerata l. from galicia (spain).the microdistribution of diploid and tetraploid plants of dactylis glomerata l. was examined and related to their immediate environment in several sites in central galicia, where morphologically indistinguishable individuals of both ploidies grow in sympatry. the two related cytotypes differed in habitat preference. diploids were mainly confined to the low-density forest-floor habitat in woodlands of mostly ancient origin, whereas tetraploids were widespread in varied habitats but clearly predom ...198728311527
rooting pattern and water relations of three pasture grasses growing in drying soil.seedlings of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l. s23), cocksfoot (dactylis glomerata l. s37) and timothy (phleum pratense l. s48) were rooted into tubes of soil and plants were either watered well or remained unwatered for a period of seven days. measurements were made of root water relations and of growth of roots and shoots. root turgor of dactylis was larger than that of lolium and phleum. as a result of accumulation of solutes, turgor of dactylis and lolium was maintained as the soil dried ...198328310581
ecological energetics of central european grasshoppers (orthoptera: acrididae).biomass and energy budgets and food utilization efficiencies of laboratory and wild populations of three central european grasshopper species, chorthippus parallelus (zetterstedt), c. biguttulus (l.), and gomphocerus rufus (l.), were studied between 1979 and 1984. larval consumption is relatively low in c. biguttulus (c=4.3 kj/ind.) compared with c. parallelus and g. rufus (4.9 kj/ind.). in the adult phase (maturity) consumption rates of c. biguttulus and g. rufus (6.9 kj/ind.) are similar, but ...198728310423
dry matter allocation and nitrogen productivity explain growth responses to photoperiod and temperature in forage grasses.the mechanisms responsible for fluctuations in species composition of semi-natural grassland are not well understood. to identify plant traits that determine the poor competitive ability of festuca pratensis compared to dactylis glomerata especially during summer, the growth of both grasses was monitored over time and at different temperatures and photoperiods. plants of both grasses were grown from seed with non-limiting nutrient supply at three day/night temperatures (11/6, 18/13 and 25/20°c) ...199928308353
an investigation of the differential performance of clones of the aphid sitobion avenae on two host species.individuals of the grain aphid sitobion avenae were collected from wheat and cocksfoot stands around hampshire, uk, during march and april 1994. eight wheat and eight cocksfoot aphid clones were chosen on the basis of readily distinguishable rapd-pcr fingerprint profiles. the performances (weight, fecundity and survival) of successive generations of each of these clones were then carefully monitored in the laboratory as new generations of aphids were transferred either to winter wheat or to cock ...199528307595
long-term responsiveness to free air co2 enrichment of functional types, species and genotypes of plants from fertile permanent grassland.to test inter- and intraspecific variability in the responsiveness to elevated co2, 9-14 different genotypes of each of 12 perennial species from fertile permanent grassland were grown in lolium perenne swards under ambient (35 pa) and elevated (60 pa) atmospheric partial pressure of co2 (pco2) for 3 years in a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (face) experiment. the plant species were grouped according to their functional types: grasses (l. perenne, l. multiflorum, arrhenatherum elatius, dacty ...199728307292
effect of mixed hay supplementation during fattening on carcass traits and meat quality of hanwoo steers.this study was aim to observe the effects of feeding mixed local hay (mh) consisted of 55% orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.), 35% tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and 10% red clover (trifolium pratense) to hanwoo steers on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality (longissimus thoracis) compared with feeding imported timothy hay (th) and local rice straw (rs).201728293430
allergy to grass pollen: mapping of dactylis glomerata and phleum pratense allergens for dogs by two-dimensional immunoblotting.much less is known about grass-pollen allergens to dogs, when compared with humans. genetic-based patterns might play an important role in sensitization profiles, conditioning the success of allergen-specific immunotherapy.201728261033
genome-wide association study of rust traits in orchardgrass using slaf-seq technology.while orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) is a well-known perennial forage species, rust diseases cause serious reductions in the yield and quality of orchardgrass; however, genetic mechanisms of rust resistance are not well understood in orchardgrass.201728250720
aflp assessment of genetic variability and relationships in an asian wild germplasm collection of dactylis glomerata l.orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), an excellent perennial and cool season forage species distributed in most temperate regions, has been cultivated widely in western china. amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were employed to determine the genetic variability and population structure among 41 indigenous orchardgrass accessions from central asia and western china. on the basis of 531 polymorphic fragments resulted from eight primer combinations, polymorphic information content (pic) ...201728215522
water use efficiency and shoot biomass production under water limitation is negatively correlated to the discrimination against (13)c in the c3 grasses dactylis glomerata, festuca arundinacea and phalaris arundinacea.climate change impacts rainfall patterns which may lead to drought stress in rain-fed agricultural systems. crops with higher drought tolerance are required on marginal land with low precipitation or on soils with low water retention used for biomass production. it is essential to obtain plant breeding tools, which can identify genotypes with improved drought tolerance and water use efficiency (wue). in c3 plant species, the variation in discrimination against (13)c (δ(13)c) during photosynthesi ...201728152389
bacterial endophyte communities of three agricultural important grass species differ in their response towards management regimes.endophytic bacteria are critical for plant growth and health. however, compositional and functional responses of bacterial endophyte communities towards agricultural practices are still poorly understood. hence, we analyzed the influence of fertilizer application and mowing frequency on bacterial endophytes in three agriculturally important grass species. for this purpose, we examined bacterial endophytic communities in aerial plant parts of dactylis glomerata l., festuca rubra l., and lolium pe ...201728102323
responses of plasma glucose metabolism to exogenous insulin infusion in sheep-fed forage herb plantain and exposed to heat.the use of herbal plants as traditional medicines has a century long history. plantain (plantago lanceolata l.) is a perennial herb containing bioactive components with free radical scavenging activities. an isotope dilution technique using [u-13c]glucose was conducted to determine the effect of plantain on the responses of plasma glucose metabolism to exogenous insulin infusion in sheep. six crossbred sheep (three wethers and three ewes; mean initial bw=40±2 kg) were fed either a mixed hay of o ...201728091361
proteome data on the microbial microbiome of grasshopper feces.we present proteome data from the microbiota (feces) after a diet shift from a natural diverse to a monocultural meadow with dactylis glomerata. the abundant grasshopper species, chorthippus dorsatus, was taken from the wild and kept in captivity and were fed with dactylis glomerata for five days. for phytophagous insects, the efficiency of utilization of hemicellulose and cellulose depends on the gut microbiota. shifts in environmental and management conditions alter the presence and abundance ...201627995170
p1-independent replication and local movement of rice yellow mottle virus in host and non-host plant species.sobemovirus p1 protein, characterized previously as a suppressor of posttranscriptional gene silencing, is required for systemic virus spread and infection in plants. mutations in the orf1 initiation codon do not affect viral replication indicating p1 is not necessary for this process. wild type, recombinant and p1 deletion mutants of cocksfoot mottle virus and rice yellow mottle virus were used to infect oat, rice, wheat, barley, arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana benthamiana plants. wild type ...201727960111
using plant wax markers to estimate the diet composition of grazing holstein dairy cows.the objective of this study was to test whether diet selection of dairy cows under grazing conditions could be estimated using plant wax markers. furthermore, differences between 2 cow strains and the effect of concentrate supplementation on plant species selection were investigated. the experiment was a study with a crossover design performed on an organic farm with 12 swiss holstein cows and 12 new zealand holstein cows. both experimental periods consisted of a 21-d adaptation and a 7-d measur ...201727939548
effect of feeding warm-season annuals with orchardgrass on ruminal fermentation and methane output in continuous culture.a 4-unit, dual-flow continuous culture fermentor system was used to assess nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids (vfa) production, bacterial protein synthesis, and methane (ch4) output of warm-season annual grasses. treatments were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4 × 4 latin square design using 7 d for adaptation to treatment and 3 d for sample collection. treatments were (1) 100% orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.; ord); (2) 50% orchardgrass + 50% japanese millet [echinochloa escul ...201727939544
phylogenetic and diversity analysis of dactylis glomerata subspecies using ssr and it-isj markers.the genus dactylis, an important forage crop, has a wide geographical distribution in temperate regions. while this genus is thought to include a single species, dactylis glomerata, this species encompasses many subspecies whose relationships have not been fully characterized. in this study, the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of nine representative dactylis subspecies were examined using ssr and it-isj markers. in total, 21 pairs of ssr primers and 15 pairs of it-isj primers we ...201627809251
iranian johnsongrass mosaic virus: the complete genome sequence, molecular and biological characterization, and comparison of coat protein gene sequences.iranian johnsongrass mosaic virus (ijmv) is one of the most prevalent viruses causing maize mosaic disease in iran. an ijmv isolate, maz-bah, was obtained from the maize showing mosaic symptoms in mazandaran, north of iran. the complete genomic sequence of maz-bah is 9544 nucleotides, excluding the poly(a) tail. it contains one single open reading frame of 9165 nucleotides and encodes a large polyprotein of 3054 amino acids, flanked by a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 143 nucleotides and a 3'-u ...201727632283
comparative performance of airyscan and structured illumination superresolution microscopy in the study of the surface texture and 3d shape of pollen.the visualization of taxonomically diagnostic features of individual pollen grains can be a challenge for many ecologically and phylogenetically important pollen types. the resolution of traditional optical microscopy is limited by the diffraction of light (250 nm), while high resolution tools such as electron microscopy are limited by laborious preparation and imaging workflows. airyscan confocal superresolution and structured illumination superresolution (sr-sim) microscopy are powerful new to ...201627476493
construction of high-density genetic linkage map and identification of flowering-time qtls in orchardgrass using ssrs and slaf-seq.orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) is one of the most economically important perennial, cool-season forage species grown and pastured worldwide. high-density genetic linkage mapping is a valuable and effective method for exploring complex quantitative traits. in this study, we developed 447,177 markers based on slaf-seq and used them to perform a comparative genomics analysis. perennial ryegrass sequences were the most similar (5.02%) to orchardgrass sequences. a high-density linkage map of or ...201627389619
the grass pollen season 2014 in vienna: a pilot study combining phenology, aerobiology and symptom data.grasses (poaceae) are one of the largest plant families and are distributed worldwide. grass pollen allergy is one of the most important pollen allergies affecting large parts of the population worldwide. the grass pollen season itself is special since it is caused by the flowering of various grass species that present unique profiles of allergenicity, which assumingly plays a significant role and impact on grass pollen sensitization profiles for the allergy sufferer. the aim of this study, cond ...201627317132
bacterial endophytes isolated from plants in natural oil seep soils with chronic hydrocarbon contamination.the bacterial endophytic communities of four plants growing abundantly in soils highly contaminated by hydrocarbons were analyzed through culturable and culture-independent means. given their tolerance to the high levels of petroleum contamination at our study site, we sought evidence that achillea millefolium, solidago canadensis, trifolium aureum, and dactylis glomerata support high levels of hydrocarbon degrading endophytes. a total of 190 isolates were isolated from four plant species. the i ...201627252685
[about minimization of expenses on allergy diagnosis in children: analysis of consistency of in vitro- and in vivo-allergic examinations results].high morbidity rate of atopic diseases among children, including high importance of grass pollen as a sensitizing agent, determine the relevance ofstudies on diagnostic examination systems for appointment of adequate therapy. the research of the most relevant allergens for patients to excludeof duplicating and uninformative tests became urgent after development of a new type of diagnostic tests that does not require expensive equipment. the objective of this research was to evaluate the results ...201527093804
comparison of rapd, issr, and aflp molecular markers to reveal and classify orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) germplasm variations.three different dna-based techniques, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), inter simple sequence repeat (issr) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers, were used for fingerprinting dactylis glomerata genotypes and for detecting genetic variation between the three different subspecies. in this study, rapd assays produced 97 bands, of which 40 were polymorphic (41.2%). the issr primers amplified 91 bands, and 54 showed polymorphism (59.3%). finally, the aflp showed 100 bands, ...201627070939
aboveground insect herbivory increases plant competitive asymmetry, while belowground herbivory mitigates the effect.insect herbivores can shift the composition of a plant community, but the mechanism underlying such shifts remains largely unexplored. a possibility is that insects alter the competitive symmetry between plant species. the effect of herbivory on competition likely depends on whether the plants are subjected to aboveground or belowground herbivory or both, and also depends on soil nitrogen levels. it is unclear how these biotic and abiotic factors interactively affect competition. in a greenhouse ...201627069805
effect of starchy or fibrous carbohydrate supplementation of orchardgrass on ruminal fermentation and methane output in continuous culture.a 4-unit dual-flow continuous culture fermentor system was used to assess the effects of supplementing orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) with 2 levels [5 and 10% of total dry matter (dm) fed] of starchy (barley grain, bar) or fibrous (beet pulp, bp) carbohydrate sources on nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acid (vfa) production, bacterial protein synthesis, and ch4 output. treatments were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4×4 latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement using ...201627060824
do drying and rewetting cycles modulate effects of sulfadiazine spiked manure in soil?naturally occurring drying-rewetting events in soil have been shown to affect the dissipation of veterinary antibiotics entering soil by manure fertilization. however, knowledge of effects on the soil microbial community structure and resistome is scarce. here, consequences of drying-rewetting cycles on effects of sulfadiazine (sdz) in soil planted with dactylis glomerata l. were investigated in microcosms. manure containing sdz or not was applied to the pregrown grass and incubated for 56 days ...201627053757
mitigation of ergot vasoconstriction by clover isoflavones in goats (capra hircus).ergot alkaloids produced by a fungal endophyte (epichloë coenophiala; formerly neotyphodium coenophialum) that infects tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) can induce persistent constriction of the vasculature in ruminants, hindering their capability to thermo-regulate core body temperature. there is evidence that isoflavones produced by legumes can relax the vasculature, which suggests that they could relieve ergot alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction and mitigate the vulnerability to severe heat str ...201626973844
use of two grasses for the phytoremediation of aqueous solutions polluted with terbuthylazine.the capacity of two grasses, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata), to remove terbuthylazine (tba) from polluted solutions has been assessed in hydroponic cultures. different tba concentrations (0.06, 0.31, 0.62, and 1.24 mg/l) were chosen to test the capacity of the two grasses to resist the chemical. aerial biomass, effective concentrations (to cause reductions of 10, 50, and 90% of plant aerial biomass) and chlorophylls contents of orchardgrass were found to ...201626934386
complementarity among four highly productive grassland species depends on resource availability.positive species richness-productivity relationships are common in biodiversity experiments, but how resource availability modifies biodiversity effects in grass-legume mixtures composed of highly productive species is yet to be explicitly tested. we addressed this question by choosing two grasses (arrhenatherum elatius and dactylis glomerata) and two legumes (medicago × varia and onobrychis viciifolia) which are highly productive in monocultures and dominant in mixtures (the jena experiment). w ...201626932467
[carbon source utilization characteristics of soil microbial community for apple orchard with interplanting herbage].as soil fertility in apple orchard with clean tillage is declined continuously, interplanting herbage in orchard, which is a new orchard management model, plays an important role in improving orchard soil conditions. by using biolog micro-plate technique, this paper studied the functional diversity of soil microbial community under four species of management model in apple orchards, including clear tillage model, interplanting white clover model, interplanting small crown flower model and interp ...201526911017
combining drought survival via summer dormancy and annual biomass productivity in dactylis glomerata l.under mediterranean climates, the best strategy to produce rain-fed fodder crops is to develop perennial drought resistant varieties. summer dormancy present in native germplasm has been shown to confer a high level of survival under severe drought. nevertheless it has also been shown to be negatively correlated with annual biomass productivity. the aim of this study was to analyze the correlations between summer dormancy and annual biomass productivity related traits and to identify quantitativ ...201626904054
impact of grassland management regimes on bacterial endophyte diversity differs with grass species.most plant species are colonized by endophytic bacteria. despite their importance for plant health and growth, the response of these bacteria to grassland management regimes is still not understood. hence, we investigated the bacterial community structure in three agricultural important grass species dactylis glomerata l., festuca rubra l. and lolium perenne l. with regard to fertilizer application and different mowing frequencies. for this purpose, above-ground plant material was collected from ...201626834040
genetic diversity and association of est-ssr and scot markers with rust traits in orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.).orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), is a well-known perennial forage species; however, rust diseases have caused a noticeable reduction in the quality and production of orchardgrass. in this study, genetic diversity was assessed and the marker-trait associations for rust were examined using 18 est-ssr and 21 scot markers in 75 orchardgrass accessions. a high level of genetic diversity was detected in orchardgrass with an average genetic diversity index of 0.369. for the est-ssr and scot marker ...201626760988
phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils artificially polluted using plant-associated-endophytic bacteria and dactylis glomerata as the bioremediation plant.the reaction of soil microorganisms to the contamination of soil artificially polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) was evaluated in pot experiments. the plant used in the tests was cock's foot (dactylis glomerata). three different soils artificially contaminated with pahs were applied in the studies. three selected pahs (anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) were used at the doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg d.m. of soil and diesel fuel at the doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg d ...201526638532
productivity and carbon footprint of perennial grass-forage legume intercropping strategies with high or low nitrogen fertilizer input.a three-season field experiment was established and repeated twice with spring barley used as cover crop for different perennial grass-legume intercrops followed by a full year pasture cropping and winter wheat after sward incorporation. two fertilization regimes were applied with plots fertilized with either a high or a low rate of mineral nitrogen (n) fertilizer. life cycle assessment (lca) was used to evaluate the carbon footprint (global warming potential) of the grassland management includi ...201626479907
application of image analysis for grass tillering determination.tillering is defined as the process of above-ground shoot production by a single plant. the number of grass tillers is one of the most important parameters in ecology and breeding studies. the number of tillers is usually determined by manually counting the separated shoots from a single plant. unfortunately, this method is too time-consuming. in this study, a new method for counting grass tillers based on image analysis is presented. the usefulness of the method was evaluated for five grass spe ...201526446128
the effect of seaweed ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition.the objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and braun's festulolium. the experiment was a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. it was set up at the experimental facility of the university of natural sciences and humanities, siedlce, in late april 2009. the following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade ...201626408121
efficacy and safety of a novel nasal steroid, s0597, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.allergic rhinitis (ar) poses a significant global burden with increasing prevalence. although intranasal glucocorticosteroids are effective, older agents can have limiting side effects. s0597, a novel intranasal glucocorticosteroid, has demonstrated good safety and tolerability during preclinical and phase 1 studies.201526272281
the fungal endophyte epichloë typhina improves photosynthesis efficiency of its host orchard grass (dactylis glomerata).according to the results presented in this paper the fungal endophyte epichloë typhina significantly improves the growth, psii photochemistry and c assimilation efficiency of its host dactylis glomerata. in this paper, we present a comprehensive study of the impact of the endophytic fungi epichloë typhina on its plant hosts' photosynthesis apparatus. chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange, immuno-blotting and spectrophotometric measurements were employed to assess photosynthetic performance, c ...201526059605
exacerbation of atopic dermatitis on grass pollen exposure in an environmental challenge chamber.it has frequently been speculated that pruritus and skin lesions develop after topical exposure to aeroallergens in sensitized patients with atopic dermatitis (ad).201526044854
changes in protein thiols in response to salt stress in embryogenic suspension cultures of dactylis glomerata l.the aim of the present study is to assess the rate of protein disulphide formation and the activity of nadph-dependent thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems, responsible for the reverse reduction of protein and mixed protein-glutathione disulphides, in embryogenic suspension cultures of dactylis glomerata, subjected to salt stress. two concentrations of nacl previously established as enhancing (0.085 mol/l) and inhibiting (0.17 mol/l) somatic embryogenesis were used. the quantitative (by colour r ...201426019548
sensitization profile to allergens in patients using multi-test ii.introduction medical intervention in allergies has broadened its perspective, also focusing in the quality of life of patients. patients are instructed, before using pharmacotherapy agents, to avoid the causal agent. objective this study aims to analyze the sensitization profile of patients with allergic complaints and identify possible characteristics specific to each age group and gender. methods a descriptive cross-sectional study included data collected from medical records (from multi-test ...201425992129
optimization of scot-pcr reaction system in dactylis glomerata by orthogonal design.the effects of 5 factors (template dna, mg(2+), dntps, taq dna polymerase, and primer) on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were investigated to optimize the start codon targeted polymor-phism (scot)-pcr system of dactylis glomerata l., using an orthogo-nal design l16 (4(5)). a suitable scot-pcr system for d. glomerata was established; the 20 μl reaction volume contained 3.0 mm mg(2+), 0.2 mm dntps, 1.0 u taq dna polymerase, 0.2 μm primer, 20 ng tem-plate dna, and 2 μl 10x buffer. each factor ...201525966069
identifying differentially expressed genes under heat stress and developing molecular markers in orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) through transcriptome analysis.orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) is a long-lived, cool-season forage grass that is commonly used for hay production. despite its economic importance, orchardgrass genome remains relatively unexplored. in this study, we used illumina rna sequencing to identify gene-associated molecular markers, including simple sequence repeats (ssrs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), as well as heat stress-induced differentially expressed genes (degs) in two orchardgrass genotypes, 'baoxing' (heat ...201525894804
remediation and reclamation of soils heavily contaminated with toxic metals as a substrate for greening with ornamental plants and grasses.soils highly contaminated with toxic metals are currently treated as waste despite their potential inherent fertility. we applied edta washing technology featuring chelant and process water recovery for remediation of soil with 4037, 2527, and 26 mg kg(-1) of pb, zn and cd, respectively in a pilot scale. a high edta dose (120 mmol kg(-1) of soil) removed 70%, 15%, and 58% of pb, zn, and cd, respectively, and reduced human oral bioaccessibility of pb below the limit of quantification and that of ...201525577699
fusarium dactylidis sp. nov., a novel nivalenol toxin-producing species sister to f. pseudograminearum isolated from orchard grass (dactylis glomerata) in oregon and new zealand.the b trichothecene toxin-producing clade (b clade) of fusarium includes the etiological agents of fusarium head blight, crown rot of wheat and barley and stem and ear rot of maize. b clade isolates also have been recovered from several wild and cultivated grasses, including dactylis glomerata (orchard grass or cock's foot), one of the world's most important forage grasses. two isolates from the latter host are formally described here as f. dactylidis. phenotypically f. dactylidis most closely r ...201625550300
genetic evidence for reproductive isolation among sympatric epichloë endophytes as inferred from newly developed microsatellite markers.reproductive isolation is central to the maintenance of species, and especially in sympatry, effective barriers to prevent interspecific crosses are expected. host specificity is thought to constitute an effective mechanism for the formation of barriers in different genera of fungi, but evidence for endophytes is so far lacking. sexual epichloë species (ascomycota, clavicipitaceae) represent an ideal study system to investigate the mechanisms underlying speciation as mediated by host specificity ...201525542204
the effect of high polyphenol oxidase grass silage on metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and nitrogen across the rumen of beef steers.polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity in red clover (trifolium pratense) has been reported to reduce both proteolysis and lipolysis, resulting in greater n use efficiency and protection of pufa across the rumen. although high levels of ppo have been reported in grasses such as cocksfoot (orchard grass; dactylis glomerata), no in vivo research has determined whether grass ppo elicits the same response as red clover ppo. to test the hypothesis that silage ensiled from grass with high levels of ppo pro ...201425349355
[the study of profile of hypersensitivity to pollen and fungal allergens in the moscow region].the profile of hypersensitivity to pollen and fungal allergens is an important element of common pattern of immune diseases needed for development of effective pharmaceuticals. the purpose of the study was to analyze the rate of detection of combined forms of hypersensitivity to pollen and fungal allergens (pollen of birch, hazel, cocksfoot, wormwood, fungi a. alternata, c. herbarum, r. nigricans, p. notatum, c. albicans, a. fumigatus) in the moscow region on the basis of data of scarification s ...201425338462
reference gene selection for quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr in orchardgrass subjected to various abiotic stresses.quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) is a powerful tool for the measurement of gene expression; however, the accuracy of this approach depends on the stability of reference genes. the objective of the present study was to identify the stable reference genes in orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), a principal cool-season forage grass in the world. ten candidate reference genes were selected in this study including atp-binding [abc], actin [actin], cyclophilin [cyp2], glycer ...201425307767
content of lead and cadmium in aboveground plant organs of grasses growing on the areas adjacent to a route of big traffic.the effect of traffic on the content of lead and cadmium in grass morphological parts-leaves, shoots, and inflorescences-was studied. the samples were taken on a part of the european route e30 (siedlce by road). the following plants were tested: dactylis glomerata, arrhenatherum elatius, and alopecurus pratensis. during the flowering of grasses, the plant material was collected at distances of 1, 5, 10, and 15 m from the edge of the road, on the strip of road with a length of 9 km. in the collec ...201525292297
effects of heat acclimation on photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and gene expression in orchardgrass under heat stress.the present study was designed to examine the effects of heat acclimation on enzymatic activity, transcription levels, the photosynthesis processes associated with thermostability in orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.).the stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (pn), and transpiration rates (tr) of both heat-acclimated (ha) and non-acclimated (na) plants were drastically reduced during heat treatment [using a 5-day heat stress treatment (38/30 °c ‒ day/night) followed by a 3-day rec ...201425255756
fibre digestibility, abundance of faecal bacteria and plasma acetate concentrations in overweight adult mares.the purpose of the present study was to compare digestibility of grass hay, faecal and plasma volatile fatty acid (vfa) concentrations, and faecal bacterial abundance in overweight and moderate-condition mares. five overweight adult mixed-breed mares and five adult mixed-breed mares in moderate condition were housed individually and limit-fed orchard grass (dactylis glomerata) hay at 20 g/kg body weight (as fed) daily for 14 d. forage dm and fibre digestibility were determined using aoac methods ...201425191602
meat goat kids finished on alfalfa, red clover or orchardgrass pastures: carcass merit and meat quality.this experiment was conducted in 2005-2007 to evaluate carcass and chevon (goat meat) quality parameters when meat-goat kids (n=72) were finished on alfalfa (medicago sativa l; alf); red clover (trifolium pratense l.; rcg); or orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.; ogr) pastures. carcass conformation score was greater (p=0.08) when meat-goat kids were finished on alf compared to ogr with rcg intermediate. chevon meat samples from goats finished on the three pasture treatments did not differ in ash ...201425089787
influence of fresh alfalfa supplementation on fat skatole and indole concentration and chop odour and flavour in lambs grazing a cocksfoot pasture.we investigated the influence of the level of fresh alfalfa supplementation on fat skatole and indole concentration and chop sensory attributes in grazing lambs. four groups of nine male romane lambs grazing a cocksfoot pasture were supplemented with various levels of alfalfa for at least 60days before slaughter. perirenal fat skatole concentration was higher for lambs that consumed alfalfa than for those that consumed only cocksfoot. the intensity of 'animal' odour in the lean part of the chop ...201425089784
analysis of diversity and relationships among orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) accessions using start codon-targeted markers.orchardgrass, or cocksfoot, is an important perennial forage grass worldwide. the comprehensive understanding of orchardgrass accessions will benefit germplasm collection and breeding progress, and it will enhance efforts to improve forage yield and quality. therefore, 24 novel, simple, polymorphic, and reliable start codon-targeted (scot) markers were used to analyze the diversity and genetic relationships among 95 orchardgrass accessions. in total, 273 polymorphic bands were detected with an a ...201425036346
genetic diversity and structure of natural dactylis glomerata l. populations revealed by morphological and microsatellite-based (ssr/issr) markers.dactylis glomerata l. is an important forage species in the mediterranean region, and in other regions with a similar climate. genetic material from 3 locations in north, central, and south greece was studied, using morphological traits, ssr, and issr molecular markers. morphological analysis revealed differences among the geographic locations studied for all morphological traits, except the number of reproductive tillers. moreover, the highest phenotypic variation was observed on the accessions ...201425036166
hypersensitivity to aeroallergens in patients with nasobronchial allergy.aeroallergens are the most common causes of allergy.201424937928
efficacy of biosolids in assisted phytostabilization of metalliferous acidic sandy soils with five grass species.the role of sewage sludge as an immobilising agent in the phytostabilization of metal-contaminated soil was evaluated using five grass species viz., dactylis glomerata l., festuca arundinacea schreb., f. rubra l., lolium perenne l., l. westerwoldicum l. the function of metal immobilization was investigated by monitoring ph, eh and cd, pb, and zn levels in column experiment over a period of 5-months. grasses grown on sewage sludge-amendments produced high biomass in comparison to controls. a sign ...201424912245
using natural gradients to infer a potential response to climate change: an example on the reproductive performance of dactylis glomerata l.an understanding of the climate conditions governing spatial variation in the reproductive performance of plants can provide important information about the factors characterizing plant community structure, especially in the context of climate change. this study focuses on the effect of climate on the sexual reproductive output of dactylis glomerata l., a perennial grass species widely distributed throughout temperate regions. an indirect space-for-time substitution procedure was used. sixty mou ...201224832520
soil microbial community responses to antibiotic-contaminated manure under different soil moisture regimes.sulfadiazine (sdz) is an antibiotic frequently administered to livestock, and it alters microbial communities when entering soils with animal manure, but understanding the interactions of these effects to the prevailing climatic regime has eluded researchers. a climatic factor that strongly controls microbial activity is soil moisture. here, we hypothesized that the effects of sdz on soil microbial communities will be modulated depending on the soil moisture conditions. to test this hypothesis, ...201424743980
morphological and genetic characteristics of hybrid combinations of dactylis glomerata.six f1 populations derived from crosses among 4 orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) cultivars were studied by morphological and simple sequence repeat molecular markers to test for hybrid vigor and a correlation between genetic distance and heterosis. heterosis was observed for days to length of culm, leaf traits, tiller numbers, etc. significant differences between obverse and inverse crosses were found for eleven traits. a cytoplasmic effect existed for the agronomic traits considered in this ...201424615091
fertilization of epichloe typhina stromata by mycophagous slugs.epichloë typhina, a fungal endophyte of cool season grasses, is heterothallic and an obligate out-crosser. in areas of endemism, its spermatia are moved between stromata of the two opposite mating types through egg-laying activities of botanophila flies. in western oregon, where the fungus was inadvertently introduced into seed-production fields of dactylis glomerata (= orchardgrass, cocksfoot), flies do not appear to be the sole vectors for e. typhina fertilization. here we examined the role of ...201424603831
differential effects of light quality, provided by different grass neighbours, on the growth and morphology of trifolium repens l. (white clover).the ability to respond in a specific manner to different light conditions imposed by different species of grass is a major factor contributing to white clover persistence in pastures. gaps in a pasture provide light with a higher red:far-red ratio (r:fr) and higher photosynthetic photon flux density (ppfd) than the light filtered through neighbours. white clover (trifolium repens l.) was grown under different light conditions in ways that tried to simulate as closely as possible some of the ligh ...200024595840
cocksfoot mottle virus coat protein is dispensable for the systemic infection.the sobemovirus genome consists of polycistronic single-stranded positive-sense rna. the first orf encodes p1, a suppressor of rna silencing required for virus movement. the coat protein (cp) is expressed from the 3' proximal orf3 via subgenomic rna. in addition to its structural role, the cp of some sobemoviruses has been reported to be required for systemic movement and to interact with p1. the aim of this study was to analyse the role of cocksfoot mottle virus (cfmv) cp in the suppression of ...201424495467
leaf microbodies (peroxisomes) and catalase localization in plants differing in their photosynthetic carbon pathways.the tropical grasses sugarcane (saccharum officinarum) and pangolagrass (digitaria decumbens) contained fewer leaf microbodies than temperate orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata). leaf microbodies were seen in both the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of tropical grasses. the fibrous elements in the microbodies of tropical grasses differed from those of the temperate grass. catalase was predominantly localized in the microbodies of leaf cells (3,3'-diaminobenzidine method). the site of greatest ca ...197124493219
[effects of drought stress on the root growth and photosynthetic characters of dactylis glomerata seedlings].taking the drought-sensitive dactylis glomerata line "01998" and drought-tolerant cultivar "baoxing" as test materials, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of drought stress on the seedlings root growth, physiological characteristics, and leaf photosynthesis, aimed to approach the differences in the drought-tolerance mechanism of different d. glomerata lines (cultivars). under drought stress, the root vitality and root number of "01998" and "baoxing" presented a trend of increase ...201324483068
dose-dependent response of nitrogen stable isotope ratio to proportion of legumes in diet to authenticate lamb meat produced from legume-rich diets.this study investigated the dose-dependent response in lamb meat of stable nitrogen isotope ratio to the dietary proportion of legumes, and the ability of the nitrogen isotope signature of the meat to authenticate meat produced from legume-rich diets. four groups of nine male romane lambs grazing a cocksfoot pasture were supplemented with different levels of fresh alfalfa forage to obtain four dietary proportions of alfalfa (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) for 98 days on average before slaughter (groups l ...201424444961
sublingual or subcutaneous immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis: an indirect analysis of efficacy, safety and cost.the standard of preventive care for poorly controlled seasonal allergic rhinitis (ar) is subcutaneous immunotherapy (scit) with allergen extracts, administered in a physician's office. as an alternative to scit, sublingual immunotherapy (slit) is now an option for patients with seasonal ar. oralair, a slit tablet containing freeze-dried allergen extracts of five grasses [cocksfoot (dactylis glomerata), meadow grass (poa pratensis), rye grass (lolium perenne), sweet vernal grass (anthoxanthum odo ...201424444390
[studies on the physiological specialization of erysiphe graminis dc : iv. the host plants of cocksfoot mildew].in the described experiments the interaction of 460 grass species with a mildew population obtained from dactylis glomerata l. 'motterwitzer' was examined. 420 species remained free of symptoms, while 40 species were susceptible. the most susceptible ones were dactylis aschersoniana graebner, dactylis glomerata l., dactylis glomerata spp. aschersoniana (graebn.) thell., and dactylis polygama horvat, but all showed differences in their behaviour. the unexpectedly low susceptibility of dactylis wo ...197024435668
soluble phenolic compounds in fresh and ensiled orchard grass (dactylis glomerata l.), a common species in permanent pastures with potential as a biomass feedstock.high-value coproducts can greatly improve the feasibility of utilizing plant feedstocks for biorefining and biofuel production. plant polyphenolics have potential application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. orchard grass varieties have been noted for accumulation of polyphenolic compounds, and the current study determined the soluble phenol profile and content in the orchard grass variety 'abertop'. hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids were monitored during the transition from vegetat ...201424341797
efficacy of the oral chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule on th2 cells antagonist bi 671800 in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.the inflammatory response in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (sar) is partly mediated by the prostaglandin d2 receptor chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule on t(h)2 cells (crth2).201424332218
identification of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) cultivars by using simple sequence repeat markers.the accurate identification of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) cultivars is necessary to ensure purity for consumers, the effective utilization of cultivars, and to protect the intellectual property for breeders. therefore, this study aimed to use ssr to construct dna fingerprinting of orchardgrass cultivars. the genetic diversity of 32 orchardgrass cultivars originated from 21 countries, but grown in china, was assessed using a set of 29 ssr markers distributed across 9 linkage groups of t ...201324301771
successful crosses between festuca arundinacea schreb. and dactylis glomerata l.five f1 plants have been obtained after extensive crossing between different ecotypes or varieties of festuca arundinacea schreb. and dactylis glomerata l. the success did not appear to depend on specific treatments (spraying with ε-aminocaproic acid or gibberellic acid or pre-pollination with killed pollen from the seed parent), but the crossability is limited to exceptional plants.f1 hybrids showed characteristics of both the parents. in four hybrids various developmental disturbances were obs ...198124276635
asymmetric small-scale distribution and allelopathy: interaction betweenrumex obtusifolius l. and meadow species.analysis of small-scale distribution may allow allelopathic interaction among plant species to be distinguished from competitive interaction. if all environmental factors except slope are uniform, allelopathy produces spatial asymmetry in the association with a hypothetical receptor species and the corresponding hypothetical emitter species in the neighborhood of the latter. the interaction betweenrumex obtusifolius and the meadow specieslolium perenne, poa pratensis, dactylis glomerata, andtrif ...198824276533
embryoid and plantlet formation from leaf segments of dactylis glomerata l.the purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate callus induction and plantlet formation from cultured leaf segments of 12-15 week-old dactylis glomerata l. (orchardgrass) plants. flat half-leaf sections, approximately 2-3 mm square, from the three innermost (youngest) leaves were isolated and individually plated serially beginning at the leaf base on a solid sh medium containing 30 μm of 3,6-dichloro-oanisic acid (dicamba). callus formed on leaf sections from all 50 plants used in the study ...198224270764
wide hybridization experiments in cereals.wide hybridization is a useful tool in plant breeding, but little is known about its possible range. for the cereals, wheat, barley and rye, this was tested with 15 different species of the poaceae and panicoideae. embryo formation could be obtained with agropyron repens, alopecurus agrestis, dactylis glomerata, festuca glauca, hordeum bulbosum, lolium perenne, pennisetum americanum, and zea mays. as well, haploid as diploid embryos occurred. new embryo culture techniques should enable these emb ...198424257639
chloroplast dna variation in the grass tribe festuceae.six grasses, hordeum sativum, dactylis glomerata, festuca arundinacea, f. pratensis, f. rubra and lolium multiflorum were subjected to chloroplast dna analysis based on restriction endonuclease digestion fragments and end labeling with (35)s nucleotides. this method is compared with others in general use. the results indicate that lolium multiflorum is closely affiliated with festuca pratensis and f. arundinacea; in fact much closer than f. rubra is to any of them.198724241665
transgenic plants of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) from protoplasts.we have demonstrated the transfer and expression of a foreign chimeric gene in the grass species, dactylis glomerata l. this species is a member of the gramineae sub-family pooideae, which includes the small grain cereals, from which transformed plants have not yet been obtained. a chimeric hygromycin-resistance gene was introduced into protoplasts isolated from an embryogenic suspension culture, using heat shock followed by electroporation or polyethylene glycol treatment. cell colonies resista ...198824240393
plant regeneration from protoplasts of embryogenic suspension cultures of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.).an embryogenic suspension culture of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) consisting of small, embryogenic cell clusters was obtained from callus formed on basal sections of young leaves through a process of selective enrichment. these suspensions were used as a source of protoplasts. the isolated protoplasts divided at a frequency of 0.5-10% when plated in an agarose solidified culture medium. conditioned medium, in which embryogenic dactylis suspension cultures had been grown, was found to inc ...198824240247
effects of organic solvent extracts from herbage on feeding behavior in goats.the effects of organic solvent extracts from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l. cv. friend), orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l. cv. akimidori) andlolium ×festuca hybrid on the hay consumption of goats were measured by simple two-choice feeding assays. orchardgrass hay treated with methanol extracts (resuspended in water) of perennial ryegrass showed an increased intake by goats compared to untreated hay (p < 0.01). the palatability of hay tended to be slightly decreased by spraying it with p ...199624227483
autopolyploidy in dactylis glomerata l.: further evidence from studies of chloroplast dna variation.chloroplast dna variation has been used to examine some of the maternal lineages involved in the evolution of the intraspecific polyploid complex, dactylis glomerata l. diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) individuals were collected from natural populations of the subspecies glomerata (4x), marina (4x) and lusitanica (2x), as well as from sympatric 2x/4x populations of the galician type. digestion of their ctdna with 11 restriction endonucleases revealed enough variation to characterise three ctdna ...198924227247
genetic variation and covariation in a population of tetraploid dactylis l. accessions.efficient utilization of divergent germ plasm sources in breeding cultivated dactylis glomerata l. ssp. glomerata domin depends on knowledge of quantitative variation within and among accessions. this study was undertaken to quantify variation and covariation for forage yield, maturity, disease reaction, and ground cover within a population of tetraploid dactylis accessions. variation was observed among families within the population for each variable. most genetic variation (73%-93% of the fami ...199124221211
enhancement of somatic embryogenesis in orchardgrass leaf cultures by epinephrine.epinephrine at 10-100 μm stimulated somatic embryogenesis from orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) leaves cultured on sh medium with 30 μm of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa). ethylene emanation was increased at epinephrine concentrations greater than 10 μm. decarboxylation by the leaves of [1-(14)c]iaa included in the medium was decreased almost 3-fold by 10 μm epinephrine. epinephrine at 10 μm enhanced the number of regenerated plants on sh medium with 30 μm dicamba (sh-30). ethylene emanation was ...199524194312
genetic diversity of natural orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) populations in three regions in europe.dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass or cocksfoot) is a forage crop of agronomic importance comprising high phenotypic plasticity and variability. although the genus dactylis has been studied quite well within the past century, little is known about the genetic diversity and population patterns of natural populations from geographically distinct grassland regions in europe. the objectives of this study were to test the ploidy level of 59 natural and semi-natural populations of d. glomerata, to inves ...201324165514
evolutionary relationships between rhynchosporium lolii sp. nov. and other rhynchosporium species on grasses.the fungal genus rhynchosporium (causative agent of leaf blotch) contains several host-specialised species, including r. commune (colonising barley and brome-grass), r. agropyri (couch-grass), r. secalis (rye and triticale) and the more distantly related r. orthosporum (cocksfoot). this study used molecular fingerprinting, multilocus dna sequence data, conidial morphology, host range tests and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the relationship between rhynchosporium species on ryegrass ...201324146740
effect of hay steaming on forage nutritive values and dry matter intake by horses.management strategies for horses with respiratory disease include soaking hay before feeding. hay steaming is an alternative to this practice; however, little is known about its impact on forage nutritive values or intake. the objective was to determine the effect of steaming on forage nutritive value and intake by horses. two alfalfa (medicago sativa l.)-orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) mixed hays were evaluated: a low moldy (nm) and moderately moldy (mm) hay. six mature horses were used in ...201324146155
lactobacillus silagei sp. nov., isolated from orchardgrass silage.a gram-reaction-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming and catalase-negative rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated iwt126(t), was isolated from orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) silage preserved in hachimantai, iwate, japan. the isolate showed growth at 15-45 °c, ph 3.5-7.5 and with 4.0 % (w/v) nacl. the cell wall peptidoglycan did not contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the dna g+c content was 45.6 mol%. the major cellular fatty acids were c16 : 0 and c19 : 1 cyclo 9,10. ba ...201323919960
infectious transcripts of an asymptomatic panicovirus identified from a metagenomic survey.a new panicovirus was identified from a metagenomic survey of plant viruses in the tallgrass prairie preserve (tpp), osage county, oklahoma, usa. thin paspalum asymptomatic virus (tpav) was isolated from paspalum setaceum var. muehlenbergii. the complete 4195 nucleotide sequence encodes six proteins of 44, 109, 8, 6.8, 26, and 15kda, whose genes are similar in size and location to those of panicum mosaic virus (pmv) and cocksfoot mild mosaic virus (cmmv). infectious transcripts made from cdnas o ...201323774065
tailoring wet explosion process parameters for the pretreatment of cocksfoot grass for high sugar yields.the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is crucial for efficient subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. in this study, wet explosion (wex) pretreatment was applied to cocksfoot grass and pretreatment conditions were tailored for maximizing the sugar yields using response surface methodology. the wex process parameters studied were temperature (160-210 °c), retention time (5-20 min), and dilute sulfuric acid concentration (0.2-0.5 %). the pretreatment parameter set e, apply ...201323709291
description of lactobacillus iwatensis sp. nov., isolated from orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) silage, and lactobacillus backii sp. nov.two bacterial strains, designated iwt246(t) and iwt248, were isolated from orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) silage from iwate prefecture, japan, and examined for a taxonomic study. both organisms were rod-shaped, gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and homofermentative. the cell wall did not contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major fatty acids were c18 : 1ω9c and c19 cyclo 9,10/:1. comparative analyses of 16s rrna, phes and rpoa gene sequences revealed that ...201323687059
plants suppress their emission of volatiles when growing with conspecifics.plant volatiles mediate interactions with herbivores, herbivore enemies, and abiotic stresses, but these interactions mostly have been studied with individual isolated plants. it is not yet known how intra- and interspecific plant competition influence volatile emission. in a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the volatile emission by red clover (trifolium pratense) growing alone, with a conspecific, or with an individual of the naturally co-occurring orchard grass, dactylis glomerata. the i ...201323525954
effect of supplementing orchardgrass herbage with a total mixed ration or flaxseed on fermentation profile and bacterial protein synthesis in continuous culture.a 4-unit dual-flow continuous culture fermentor system was used to evaluate the effects of supplementing fresh herbage with a total mixed ration (tmr) or flaxseed on nutrient digestibility, fermentation profile, and bacterial n synthesis. diets were randomly assigned to fermentors in a 4 × 4 latin square design. each fermentor was fed a total of 70 g of dry matter/d of 1 of 4 diets: (1) 100% freeze-dried orchardgrass herbage (dactylis glomerata l.; herb), (2) 100% freeze-dried tmr (100tmr), (3) ...201323522677
Refresh
firstprev
12345
nextlast
Displaying items 1 - 100 of 437