Publications

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laboratory silo type and inoculation effects on nutritional composition, fermentation, and bacterial and fungal communities of oat silage.the objectives were to evaluate (1) the use of 2 types of experimental silos (s) to characterize whole-crop oat (avena sativa l.) silage with or without addition of an inoculant (i), and (2) the effect of inoculation on the microbial community structure of oats ensiled using only plastic bucket silos (bkt). from each of 6 sections in a field, oats were harvested, treated (ino) or not (con) with inoculant, packed into 19-l bkt or vacuum bags (bg), and ensiled for 217 d. the inoculant added contai ...201728088418
investigations of human myosin vi targeting using optogenetically controlled cargo loading.myosins play countless critical roles in the cell, each requiring it to be activated at a specific location and time. to control myosin vi with this specificity, we created an optogenetic tool for activating myosin vi by fusing the light-sensitive avena sativa phototropin1 lov2 domain to a peptide from dab2 (lovdab), a myosin vi cargo protein. our approach harnesses the native targeting and activation mechanism of myosin vi, allowing direct inferences on myosin vi function. lovdab robustly recru ...201728193860
unraveling the evolutionary dynamics of ancient and recent polypoidization events in avena (poaceae).understanding the diversification of polyploid crops in the circum-mediterranean region is a challenging issue in evolutionary biology. sequence data of three nuclear genes and three plastid dna fragments from 109 accessions of avena l. (poaceae) and the outgroups were used for maximum likelihood and bayesian analyses. the evolution of cultivated oat (avena sativa l.) and its close relatives was inferred to have involved ancient allotetraploidy and subsequent recent allohexaploidy events. the cr ...201728157193
chromosomal distribution patterns of the (ac)10 microsatellite and other repetitive sequences, and their use in chromosome rearrangement analysis of species of the genus avena.fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was used to determine the physical location of the (ac)10 microsatellite in metaphase chromosomes of six diploid species (aa or cc genomes), two tetraploid species (aacc genome), and five cultivars of two hexaploid species (aaccdd genome) of the genus avena, a genus in which genomic relationships remain obscure. a preferential distribution of the (ac)10 microsatellite in the pericentromeric and interstitial regions was seen in both the a- and d-genome ch ...201728156137
free asparagine and sugars profile of cereal species: the potential of cereals for acrylamide formation in foods.cereals-based food is one of the major source of maillard reaction products in the diet. free amino acids and reducing sugars are considered to be the main precursors in the formation of these heat-induced compounds. in order to determine genetic resources with reduced potential for acrylamide formation, the content of sugars as well as free asparagine were analysed in a total of 30 cultivars of 10 varieties belonging to eight species (triticum aestivum var. lutescens, t. aestivum var. alba, t. ...201728150529
2-de separation and identification of oat (avena sativa l.) proteins and their prolamin fractions.at present two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-de) is the most widely used proteomic tool, which enables simultaneous separation of even thousands of proteins with a high degree of resolution. the quality of 2-de separation depends on the type of biological material used as a protein source. the presence of interfering compounds (e.g., phenols, as it is the fact in plant material including oat seeds) impedes 2-de run. with the use of this technique it is possible to analyze the ...201728132155
isolation of oat (avena sativa l.) total proteins and their prolamin fractions for 2d electrophoresis.appropriate sample preparation is essential to obtaining good results of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de). for various reasons (particularly phenolic compounds, proteolytic enzymes, and cell-wall mucilages) the extraction of proteins from plant material, among them oat proteins, is difficult. during isolation all soluble substances that may interfere with the analysis (especially isoelectric focusing) are removed, and proteins of interest are separated from the remains. however, the ap ...201728132154
m13-tailed simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers in studies of genetic diversity and population structure of common oat germplasm.simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are one of the most frequently used molecular markers in studies of crop diversity and population structure. this is due to their uniform distribution in the genome, the high polymorphism, reproducibility, and codominant character. additional advantages are the possibility of automatic analysis and simple interpretation of the results. the m13 tagged pcr reaction significantly reduces the costs of analysis by the automatic genetic analyzers. here, we also dis ...201728132150
oat anther culture and use of dh-lines for genetic mapping.possibility to make doubled haploids (dhs) from varying crossing populations is a useful tool for enhancing cultivar breeding, and a source of valuable material for genetic research. oats is reported to be recalcitrant in anther culture with low response and genotype dependency. however, the best recoveries reported have reached up to 30 green regenerants per 100 isolated anthers, which clearly addresses the potential of this technique. in this chapter, one successful oat anther culture protocol ...201728132144
protocol for producing synthetic polyploid oats.a protocol to produce synthetic oats by introducing alien genetic variations into cultivated oats is proposed based on suitable genetic relationships between avena species. furthermore, artificial hybridization procedures between different ploidy species are explained. amphiploids can be produced by rescuing aborted embryos and treating the f1 hybrids with colchicine to overcome sterility between interspecific plants. furthermore, i present the cytological methods for observing somatic and meiot ...201728132142
wide hybridization between oat and pearl millet.wide hybridization is a one of the important techniques in plant breeding. oat (avena sativa l.) and pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum l.) belong to different subfamilies of poaceae. in generally, such distant relative species show uniparental chromosome elimination after successful fertilization. however, all seven pearl millet chromosomes are retained beside the genome of oat during embryogenesis. hybrid seedlings develop, but show necrosis after light irradiation. here, a detailed protocol for ...201728132141
oat doubled haploids following maize pollination.doubled haploids (dhs) are an important tool for the accelerated production of new crop varieties. in oat, dhs were first produced by pollinating oat florets with maize pollen. the resultant embryos spontaneously eliminate the maize chromosomes leaving a haploid complement of oat chromosomes. these embryos can be cultured in vitro using the "embryo rescue" technique to produce haploid plants whose chromosome number can be doubled with colchicine to produce homozygous dh oat plants.201728132140
advances on the determination of thresholds of cu phytotoxicity in field-contaminated soils in central chile.to better determine phytotoxicity thresholds for metals in the soil, studies should use actual field-contaminated soil samples rather than metal-spiked soil preparations. however, there are surprisingly few such data available for cu phytotoxicity in field-contaminated soils. moreover, these studies differ from each other with regards to soil characteristics and experimental setups. this study aimed at more accurately estimating cu phytotoxicity thresholds using field-collected agricultural soil ...201728131477
femtosecond to millisecond dynamics of light induced allostery in the avena sativa lov domain.the rational engineering of photosensor proteins underpins the field of optogenetics, in which light is used for spatiotemporal control of cell signaling. optogenetic elements function by converting electronic excitation of an embedded chromophore into structural changes on the microseconds to seconds time scale, which then modulate the activity of output domains responsible for biological signaling. using time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy coupled with isotope labeling, we have mapped the s ...201728068090
extraction, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of litchi chinensis sonn. and avena sativa l. seeds extracts obtained from pressurized n-butane.the extraction of litchi (litchi chinensis sonn.) and oat (avena sativa l.) seeds were investigated using n-butane as pressurized solvent by evaluating the effect of pressure in the range of 7-100 bar and temperature from 25 to 70 °c on the extract yield and chemical composition together with the antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained. it was experimentally observed extraction yields for both seeds up to ~3.5 wt%, with a total phenolic content around 126.4 mg gae/100 g of extract, and an ...201728298700
neighbour presence, not identity, influences root and shoot allocation in pea.competition is a key feature that structures the composition of plant communities. a growing body of evidence is showing that the presence of neighbours, especially belowground neighbours, induces varied morphological responses in plants. however, in many species, it is not known whether neighbour identity also influences plant morphological responses such as biomass allocation patterns. to assess plant response to above- and belowground neighbour presence and identity, we conducted a greenhouse ...201728291827
antiproliferative activity of vitexin-2-o-xyloside and avenanthramides on caco-2 and hepg2 cancer cells occurs through apoptosis induction and reduction of pro-survival mechanisms.caco-2 colon cancer cells and hepg2 liver cancer cells represent two malignant cell lines, which show a high resistance to apoptosis induced by the conventional anticancer drugs. vitexin-2-o-xyloside (xvx) and avenanthramides (avns) are naturally occurring dietary agents from beta vulgaris var. cicla l. and avena sativa l., respectively. the aim of this work was to evaluate the antiproliferative effects and the reduction of the pro-survival mechanisms exerted by xvx and avns, used individually a ...201728283822
residual soil nitrate content and profitability of five cropping systems in northwest iowa.many communities in the midwestern united states obtain their drinking water from shallow alluvial wells that are vulnerable to contamination by no3-n from the surrounding agricultural landscape. the objective of this research was to assess cropping systems with the potential to produce a reasonable return for farmers while simultaneously reducing the risk of no3-n movement into these shallow aquifers. from 2009 to 2013 we conducted a field experiment in northwest iowa in which we evaluated five ...201728248976
influence of some plant extracts on the transdermal absorption and penetration of marker penetrants.plant extracts are commonly used in a number of cosmetics and topical pharmaceuticals. the effects on such extracts on the subsequent dermal absorption and penetration of other cosmetic ingredients needs to be evaluated.201727027912
acute effects of a wild green-oat (avena sativa) extract on cognitive function in middle-aged adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects trial.a wild green-oats extract (neuravena(®)) containing a range of potentially bioactive components, including flavonoids and triterpene saponins, has previously been shown to enhance animal stress responses and memory, and improve cognitive performance in humans at a dose of 1600 mg. methods this double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced cross-over study assessed the effects of single doses of the green-oat extract (goe) across a broad range of cognitive domains in healthy adults aged 40-65 ...201726618715
the primary photophysics of the avena sativa phototropin 1 lov2 domain observed with time-resolved emission spectroscopy.the phototropins are blue-light receptors that base their light-dependent action on the reversible formation of a covalent bond between a flavin mononucleotide (fmn) cofactor and a conserved cysteine in light, oxygen or voltage (lov) domains. the primary reactions of the avena sativa phototropin 1 lov2 domain were investigated by means of time-resolved and low-temperature fluorescence spectroscopy. synchroscan streak camera experiments revealed a fluorescence lifetime of 2.2 ns in lov2. a weak l ...201721261629
physiological biosafety assessment of genetically modified canola on weed (avena sativa).the present study was carried out for the assessment of physiological biosafety and effects of genetically modified (gm) canola on avena sativa, which is a common weed plant of south asia. methanolic extracts of gm and non-gm canola were assessed on seed germination and growth of a. sativa under sterilized conditions. the extracts were treated with 3%, 5%, and 10% concentrations of methanol. results showed that the extract of gm canola increases the number of roots and root fresh weight. however ...201624193044
[the role of hormonal balance in plant adaptation to flooding].the effect of flooding on the growth parameters and hormonal dynamics (auxins, abscisic acid, cytokinins, gibberellins, and ethylene) has been studied in a vegetation experiment on the leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and oat (avena sativa l.). growth inhibition during flooding in both species was due to the accumulation of abscisic acid and ethylene, while the repair processes were due to the increased level of auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins. the difference in the hormonal response ...201619768962
studies on optically active pesticides, i synthesis and herbicidal activity of d(+) and 1(-) methyl-2-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-propionate.d(+) and 1(-) methyl-2-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-propionate (common name chlorfenprop-methyl; trade mark bidisin) were prepared and their herbicidal activities studied on avena fatua l. and avena sativa l. ("flämingskrone"). the 1(-) enantiomer was found to be twice as active as the racemate; the d(+) form almost inactive.2016134566
implication of zinc excess on soil health.this study was undertaken to evaluate zinc's influence on the resistance of organotrophic bacteria, actinomyces, fungi, dehydrogenases, catalase and urease. the experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the university of warmia and mazury (uwm) in olsztyn, poland. plastic pots were filled with 3 kg of sandy loam with phkcl - 7.0 each. the experimental variables were: zinc applied to soil at six doses: 100, 300, 600, 1,200, 2,400 and 4,800 mg of zn(2+) kg(-1) in the form of zncl2 (zinc chloride ...201626828860
impact of organic nano-vesicles in soil: the case of sodium dodecyl sulphate/didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide.aiming at contributing new insights into the effects of nanomaterials (nms) in the terrestrial ecosystem, this study evaluated the impacts of organic nano-vesicles of sodium dodecyl sulphate/didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (sds/ddab) on the emergence and growth of plant seeds, and on the avoidance and reproduction of soil invertebrates. for this purpose several ecotoxicological assays were performed with different test species (terrestrial plants: zea mays, avena sativa, brassica oleracea and ...201626795542
effect of fodder tree species with condensed tannin contents on in vitro methane production.the objective was to evaluate the effect of fodder tree species (fts) with condensed tannin contents: cordia elaeagnoides, platymiscium lasiocarpum, vitex mollis, and haematoxylon brasiletto, on in vitro methane (ch4) production at 24 h post incubation. the analysis was performed using the in vitro gas production technique, with three levels of inclusion/species: 600, 800, and 1,000 mg and with 4 replicates/species/level of inclusion. the substrate was incubated at 39°c, and the gas and ch4 prod ...201626732330
regulation of neural gene transcription by optogenetic inhibition of the re1-silencing transcription factor.optogenetics provides new ways to activate gene transcription; however, no attempts have been made as yet to modulate mammalian transcription factors. we report the light-mediated regulation of the repressor element 1 (re1)-silencing transcription factor (rest), a master regulator of neural genes. to tune rest activity, we selected two protein domains that impair rest-dna binding or recruitment of the cofactor msin3a. computational modeling guided the fusion of the inhibitory domains to the ligh ...201626699507
proteomic analysis of salt-responsive proteins in oat roots (avena sativa l.).oat is considered as a moderately salt-tolerant crop that could be used to improve saline and alkaline soil. previous studies have focused on short-term salt stress exposure (0.5-48 h), while molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in oat remain unclear.201626689600
oats-from farm to fork.oats have a long history of use as human food and animal feed. from its origins in the fertile crescent, the oat has adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions and geographic regions. its unique macro-, micro-, and phytonutrient composition, high nutritional value, and relatively low agricultural input requirements makes oats unique among cereal crops. the health benefits of the oats are becoming well established. while the connection between oat β-glucan fiber in reducing the risk of cardio ...201626944101
effects of intercropping of oat (avena sativa l.) with white lupin (lupinus albus l.) on the mobility of target elements for phytoremediation and phytomining in soil solution.this study aims to investigate how intercropping of oat (avena sativa l.) with white lupin (lupinus albus l.) affects the mobile fractions of trace metals (fe, mn, pb, cd, th, u, sc, la, nd, ge) in soil solution. oat and white lupin were cultivated in monocultures and mixed cultures with differing oat/white lupin ratios (11% and 33% lupin, respectively). temporal variation of soil solution chemistry was compared with the mobilization of elements in the rhizosphere of white lupin and concentratio ...201626940160
post-translational control of protein function with light using a lov-intein fusion protein.methods for the post-translational control of protein function with light hold much value as tools in cell biology. to this end, we report a fusion protein that consists of dnae split-inteins, flanking the light sensitive lov2 domain of avena sativa. the resulting chimera combines the activities of these two unrelated proteins to enable controlled formation of a functional protein via upregulation of intein splicing with blue light in bacterial and human cells.201626940144
lipid profiles of detergent resistant fractions of the plasma membrane in oat and rye in association with cold acclimation and freezing tolerance.cold acclimation (ca) results in alteration of the plasma membrane (pm) lipid composition in plants, which plays a crucial role in the acquisition of freezing tolerance via membrane stabilization. recent studies have indicated that pm structure is consistent with the fluid mosaic model but is laterally non-homogenous and contains microdomains enriched in sterols, sphingolipids and specific proteins. in plant cells, the function of these microdomains in relation to ca and freezing tolerance is no ...201626904981
pyricularia graminis-tritici, a new pyricularia species causing wheat blast.pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice pathogen and in the last 30 years emerged as an important wheat pathogen in southern brazil. we conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci for 128 isolates of p. oryzae sampled from sympatric populations of wheat, rice, and grasses growing in or near wheat fields. phylogenetic analyses grouped the isolates into thr ...201628232765
identification of a new oat β-amylase by functional proteomics.oat (avena sativa l.) seed extracts exhibited a high degree of catalytic activity including amylase activities. proteins in the oat seed extracts were optimized for their amylolytic activities. oat extract with amylolytic activity was separated by sds-page and a major protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 53 kda was subjected to tryptic digestion. the generated amino acid sequences were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (lc/esi/ms/ms) and database searches. the ...201626455400
plant architecture, plasticity, and adaptation strategies of two oat genotypes under different competition intensities.the hypothesis that positive and negative interactions account for adaptive strategies was tested in a controlled study with two oat (avena sativa) genotypes: 'manotick' with erect leaves and 'oa1316-1' with prostrate leaves. an increasing competition pattern was designed by varying the number of seeds planted in each container and the space between containers, thus creating different planting density regimes (i.e. alternative and solid treatments).201625914023
optical control of peroxisomal trafficking.the blue-light-responsive lov2 domain of avena sativa phototropin1 (aslov2) has been used to regulate activity and binding of diverse protein targets with light. here, we used aslov2 to photocage a peroxisomal targeting sequence, allowing light regulation of peroxisomal protein import. we generated a protein tag, lov-pts1, that can be appended to proteins of interest to direct their import to the peroxisome with light. this method provides a means to inducibly trigger peroxisomal protein traffic ...201626513473
in vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation by peptides derived from oat (avena sativa l.), highland barley (hordeum vulgare linn. var. nudum hook. f.), and buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench) proteins.bioactive compounds present in foods could have beneficial effects on human health. in this study, we report the capacity of peptides released from oat, highland barley, and buckwheat proteins after enzymatic digestion to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro. all hydrolysates showed high antiplatelet activity, with ic50 values of 0.282mg/ml (oat flour gastrointestinal hydrolysate, 6h) to 2.496mg/ml (highland barley glutelin tryptic hydrolysate, 14h) in a dose-dependent manner. thirty-eight pept ...201626471595
conversion of oat (avena sativa l.) haploid embryos into plants in relation to embryo developmental stage and regeneration media.obtaining oat dh lines is only effective via wide crossing with maize. seven hundred haploid embryos from 21 single f1 progeny obtained from wide crosses with maize were isolated, divided into four groups according to their size (<0.5 mm, 0.5-0.9 mm, 1.0-1.4 mm, and ≥1.5 mm), and transferred into 190-2 regeneration medium with different growth regulators: 0.5 mg l(-1) kinetin (kin) and 0.5 mg l(-1) 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (naa); 1 mg l(-1) zeatin (zea) and 0.5 mg l(-1) naa; or 1 mg l(-1) dicamb ...201628042230
the impact of oat (avena sativa) consumption on biomarkers of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a parallel randomized clinical trial.animal studies report that oat (avena sativa l) intake has favorable effects on kidney function. however, the effects of oat consumption have not been assessed in humans. the aim of this study was to examine the impact of oat intake on biomarkers of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd).201628003041
key phytochemicals contributing to the bitter off-taste of oat (avena sativa l.).sensory-directed fractionation of extracts prepared from oat flour (avena sativa l.) followed by lc-tof-ms, lc-ms/ms, and 1d/2d-nmr experiments revealed avenanthramides and saponins as the key phytochemicals contributing to the typical astringent and bitter off-taste of oat. besides avenacosides a and b, two previously unreported bitter-tasting bidesmosidic saponins were identified, namely, 3-(o-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranosid)-26-o-β ...201627983806
rhizosphere organic anions play a minor role in improving crop species' ability to take up residual phosphorus (p) in agricultural soils low in p availability.many arable lands have accumulated large reserves of residual phosphorus (p) and a relatively large proportion of soil p is less available for uptake by plants. root released organic anions are widely documented as a key physiological strategy to enhance p availability, while limited information has been generated on the contribution of rhizosphere organic anions to p utilization by crops grown in agricultural soils that are low in available p and high in extractable ca, al, and fe. we studied t ...201627872635
photoadduct formation from the fmn singlet excited state in the lov2 domain of chlamydomonas reinhardtii phototropin.the two light, oxygen, and voltage domains of phototropin are blue-light photoreceptor domains that control various functions in plants and green algae. the key step of the light-driven reaction is the formation of a photoadduct between its fmn chromophore and a conserved cysteine, where the canonical reaction proceeds through the fmn triplet state. here, complete photoreaction mapping of crlov2 from chlamydomonas reinhardtii phototropin and aslov2 from avena sativa phototropin-1 was realized by ...201627766868
the starch-bound alpha-amylase/trypsin-inhibitors in avena.oat kernels exhibit an extra-soft texture, a trait recently demonstrated to be largely modulated by starch-bound tryptophan-rich 2s proteins, the vromindolines. in this study, fractionation by two-dimensional electrophoresis of starch-bound proteins in 25 oat (avena sativa) cultivars and 11 diploid or tetraploid avena species revealed novel 2s proteins called avena α-amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (aati) because of their sequence similarity with wheat α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors. thirty-seven aati ...201627495179
changes in the ecological properties of organic wastes during their biological treatment.organic wastes, such as the organic fractions of municipal solid waste (ofmsw) or sewage sludge (ss), have become a serious environmental problem in russia as well as in other countries. the use of these wastes as soil amendments allows their negative impact on the environment to be minimized. however, before these wastes can be used, they need to be treated appropriately in order to decrease their level of hazard. in this study, composting of raw ss, ofmsw, a mixture of these two wastes (ofmsw+ ...201627692790
engineering and application of lov2-based photoswitches.cellular optogenetic switches, a novel class of biological tools, have improved our understanding of biological phenomena that were previously intractable. while the design and engineering of these proteins has historically varied, they are all based on borrowed elements from plant and bacterial photoreceptors. in general terms, each of the optogenetic switches designed to date exploits the endogenous light-induced change in photoreceptor conformation while repurposing its effect to target a dif ...201627586333
unfolding of the c-terminal jα helix in the lov2 photoreceptor domain observed by time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy.light-triggered reactions of biological photoreceptors have gained immense attention for their role as molecular switches in their native organisms and for optogenetic application. the light, oxygen, and voltage 2 (lov2) sensing domain of plant phototropin binds a c-terminal jα helix that is docked on a β-sheet and unfolds upon light absorption by the flavin mononucleotide (fmn) chromophore. in this work, the signal transduction pathway of lov2 from avena sativa was investigated using time-resol ...201627537211
c-banding of plant chromosomes.c-banding is used to differentially stain metaphase chromosomes in organisms having appreciable amounts of constitutive heterochromatin. its primary benefits are that it is an inexpensive and a relatively fast method of identifying individual chromosomes and morphological or karyotypic variation, including large chromosomal rearrangements and aneuploidies. we currently employ this technique with considerable effect in genome analysis of oat (avena sativa) and related grass species, though it has ...201627511162
evidence for an early origin of vernalization responsiveness in temperate pooideae grasses.the ability of plants to match their reproductive output with favorable environmental conditions has major consequences both for lifetime fitness and geographic patterns of diversity. in temperate ecosystems, some plant species have evolved the ability to use winter nonfreezing cold (vernalization) as a cue to ready them for spring flowering. however, it is unknown how important the evolution of vernalization responsiveness has been for the colonization and subsequent diversification of taxa wit ...201627474116
proteomic and physiological analysis of the response of oat (avena sativa) seeds to heat stress under different moisture conditions.seeds lose their viability when they are exposed to high temperature and moisture content (mc) during storage. the expression and metabolism of proteins plays a critical role in seed resistance to heat stress. however, the proteome response to heat stress in oat (avena sativa) seeds during storage has not been revealed. to understand mechanisms of heat stress acclimation and tolerance in oat seeds, an integrated physiological and comparative proteomic analysis was performed on oat seeds with dif ...201627446126
plant identity exerts stronger effect than fertilization on soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a sown pasture.arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi play key roles in plant nutrition and plant productivity. am fungal responses to either plant identity or fertilization have been investigated. however, the interactive effects of different plant species and fertilizer types on these symbiotic fungi remain poorly understood. we evaluated the effects of the factorial combinations of plant identity (grasses avena sativa and elymus nutans and legume vicia sativa) and fertilization (urea and sheep manure) on am fung ...201627423979
chlorophyll fluorescence, photochemical reflective index and normalized difference vegetative index during plant senescence.the relationship between the photochemical reflectance index (pri), normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) and chlorophyll fluorescence along senescence was investigated in this work. reflectance and radiance measurements were performed at canopy level in grass species presenting different photosynthetic metabolism: avena sativa (c3) and setaria italica (c4), at different stages of the natural senescence process. sun induced-chlorophyll fluorescence at 760nm (sif760) and the apparent fluo ...201627302011
colloidal oatmeal <em>(avena sativa)</em> improves skin barrier through multi-therapy activity.oats (avena sativa) are a centuries-old topical treatment for a variety of skin barrier conditions, including dry skin, skin rashes, and eczema; however, few studies have investigated the actual mechanism of action for the skin barrier strengthening activity of colloidal oatmeal. four extracts of colloidal oatmeal were prepared with various solvents and tested in vitro for skin barrier related gene expression and activity. extracts of colloidal oatmeal were found to induce the expression of gene ...201627272074
the effect of new thiophene-derived aminophosphonic derivatives on growth of terrestrial plants: a seedling emergence and growth test.the aim of this work was to synthesize selected thiophene-derived aminophosphonic systems and evaluate the phytotoxicity of newly obtained products according to the oecd 208 guideline. seven new thiophene-derived n-substituted dimethyl aminomethylphosphonic acid esters 2a-h were synthesized by the addition of an appropriate phosphite to azomethine bond of starting schiff bases 1a-h, and nmr spectroscopic properties of aminophosphonates were investigated. these eight compounds were analyzed in re ...201627248990
polymorphism analysis in advanced mutant population of oat (avena sativa l.) using issr markers.present investigation was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity among 38 m6 population of oat cv. jo-1. to validate the observed morpho-physiological variations, these lines were analyzed with 21 issr primers. a total of 132 loci were amplified by these 21 issr markers and 116 loci were found to be polymorphic (87.87 %). the genetic similarity coefficient values among 39 oat genotypes based on issr analysis ranged from 0.305 to 0.957. the cluster analysis divided the oat genotypes into two g ...201627186025
genome-wide association mapping of barley yellow dwarf virus tolerance in spring oat (avena sativa l.).barley yellow dwarf viruses (bydvs) are responsible for the disease barley yellow dwarf (byd) and affect many cereals including oat (avena sativa l.). until recently, the molecular marker technology in oat has not allowed for many marker-trait association studies to determine the genetic mechanisms for tolerance. a genome-wide association study (gwas) was performed on 428 spring oat lines using a recently developed high-density oat single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) array as well as a snp-base ...201627175781
evidence that phytochrome functions as a protein kinase in plant light signalling.it has been suggested that plant phytochromes are autophosphorylating serine/threonine kinases. however, the biochemical properties and functional roles of putative phytochrome kinase activity in plant light signalling are largely unknown. here, we describe the biochemical and functional characterization of avena sativa phytochrome a (asphya) as a potential protein kinase. we provide evidence that phytochrome-interacting factors (pifs) are phosphorylated by phytochromes in vitro. domain mapping ...201627173885
subgenome-specific assembly of vitamin e biosynthesis genes and expression patterns during seed development provide insight into the evolution of oat genome.vitamin e is essential for humans and thus must be a component of a healthy diet. among the cereal grains, hexaploid oats (avena sativa l.) have high vitamin e content. to date, no gene sequences in the vitamin e biosynthesis pathway have been reported for oats. using deep sequencing and orthology-guided assembly, coding sequences of genes for each step in vitamin e synthesis in oats were reconstructed, including resolution of the sequences of homeologs. three homeologs, presumably representing ...201627135276
coarse kmc-based replica exchange algorithms for the accelerated simulation of protein folding in explicit solvent.in this paper, we present a coarse replica exchange molecular dynamics (remd) approach, based on kinetic monte carlo (kmc). the new development significantly can reduce the amount of replicas and the computational cost needed to enhance sampling in protein simulations. we introduce 2 different methods which primarily differ in the exchange scheme between the parallel ensembles. we apply this approach on folding of 2 different β-stranded peptides: the c-terminal β-hairpin fragment of gb1 and trpz ...201627111190
a study on the genetic relationships of avena taxa and the origins of hexaploid oat.using next-generation dna sequencing, it was possible to clarify the genetic relationships of avena species and deduce the likely pathway from which hexaploid oat was formed by sequential polyploidization events. a sequence-based diversity study was conducted on a representative sample of accessions from species in the genus avena using genotyping-by-sequencing technology. the results show that all avena taxa can be assigned to one of four major genetic clusters: cluster 1 = all hexaploids inclu ...201627048238
identification of genes in a partially resistant genotype of avena sativa expressed in response to puccinia coronata infection.cultivated oat (avena sativa), an important crop in many countries, can suffer significant losses through infection by the fungus puccinia coronata, the causal agent of crown rust disease. understanding the molecular basis of existing partial resistance to this disease might provide targets of interest for crop improvement programs. a suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) library was constructed using cdna from the partially resistant oat genotype mn841801-1 after inoculation with the path ...201627303424
population structure and genotype-phenotype associations in a collection of oat landraces and historic cultivars.population structure and genetic architecture of phenotypic traits in oat (avena sativa l.) remain relatively under-researched compared to other small grain species. this study explores the historic context of current elite germplasm, including phenotypic and genetic characterization, with a particular focus on identifying under-utilized areas. a diverse panel of cultivated oat accessions was assembled from the usda national small grains collection to represent a gene pool relatively unaffected ...201627524988
host specialization of the blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae is associated with dynamic gain and loss of genes linked to transposable elements.magnaporthe oryzae (anamorph pyricularia oryzae) is the causal agent of blast disease of poaceae crops and their wild relatives. to understand the genetic mechanisms that drive host specialization of m. oryzae, we carried out whole genome resequencing of four m. oryzae isolates from rice (oryza sativa), one from foxtail millet (setaria italica), three from wild foxtail millet s. viridis, and one isolate each from finger millet (eleusine coracana), wheat (triticum aestivum) and oat (avena sativa) ...201627194050
compromised photosynthetic electron flow and h2o2 generation correlate with genotype-specific stomatal dysfunctions during resistance against powdery mildew in oats.stomatal dysfunction known as "locking" has been linked to the elicitation of a hypersensitive response (hr) following attack of fungal pathogens in cereals. we here assess how spatial and temporal patterns of different resistance mechanisms, such as hr and penetration resistance influence stomatal and photosynthetic parameters in oat (avena sativa) and the possible involvement of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) in the dysfunctions observed. four oat cultivars with differential resistance responses (i. ...201627877184
new constitutively active phytochromes exhibit light-independent signaling activity.plant phytochromes are photoreceptors that mediate a variety of photomorphogenic responses. there are two spectral photoisomers, the red light-absorbing pr and far-red light-absorbing pfr forms, and the photoreversible transformation between the two forms is important for the functioning of phytochromes. in this study, we isolated a tyr-268-to-val mutant of avena sativa phytochrome a (asyva) that displayed little photoconversion. interestingly, transgenic plants of asyva showed light-independent ...201627325667
growth regulating properties of isoprene and isoprenoid-based essential oils.essential oils have growth regulating properties comparable to the well-documented methyl jasmonate and may be involved in localized and/or airborne plant communication. aromatic plants employ large amounts of resources to produce essential oils. some essential oils are known to contain compounds with plant growth regulating activities. however, the potential capacity of essential oils as airborne molecules able to modulate plant growth/development has remained uninvestigated. here, we demonstra ...201626400684
senescence-promoting effect of arabidopside a.arabidopside a isolated from arabidopsis thaliana is a rare oxylipin, containing 12-oxophytodienoic acid (opda) and dinor-oxophytodienoic acid (dn-opda) which are known as precursors of jasmonic acid (ja) and methyl jasmonate (meja). the senescence-promoting effect of arabidopside a was examined by an oat (avena sativa) leaf assay under dark or continuous light condition. arabidopside a promoted senescence of oat leaves, and the promoting activity was more effective than for ja and opda, and as ...201616869494
structural characterization of allomelanin from black oat.the brown to black coloration found in plants is due to the melanins, which have been relatively poorly investigated among the plant pigments. the aim of this work was to study the dark pigment extracted from the black oat hull with respect to composition and structure. ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spe ...201627427433
cell fusion by simulated atmospheric discharges: further support for the hypothesis of involvement of electrofusion in evolution.electrofusion of mesophyll cell protoplasts of avena sativa was induced by simulated atmospheric discharges. it is shown both experimentally and theoretically that the potential differences which occur at quite long distances from the point of lightning stroke are large enough to induce fusion. besides electromagnetic waves which are emitted during lightning (g. küppers and u. zimmermann, febs lett. 164, 323 (1983] cell fusion may have also occurred directly by means of the voltage built-up on t ...20166516538
[modification of smoking behavior using long-distance methods].906 persons willing to quit smoking were allocated at random to several groups. the results show that (1) an extract of avena sativa has no effect on quantity smoked; (2) distribution of the various parts of a smoking cessation program over several days was no more effective than distribution at once; (3) stopping at once was more effective than progressive reduction of cigarettes smoked.2015605682
apatite and phillipsite as sequestering agents for metals and radionuclides.laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to quantify apatite and phillipsite (zeolite) sequestration of selected metal contaminants. the laboratory batch study measured the sorption of aqueous co2+, ba2+, pb2+, eu3+, and uo2(2+). apatite sorbed more co2+, pb2+, eu3+, and uo2(2+) from the spike solution than phillipsite, resulting in distribution coefficients (kd values) of >200,000 l kg(-1). phillipsite was more effective than apatite at sorbing aqueous ba2+. results from the laboratory ...201512708675
[genetic analysis of oat (avena sativa l.) by joint scaling test].comparing the results of genetic analysis of oat varieties with the method of diallel analysis of f1 hybrids and with the joint scaling test the spheres of optimal application of both methods were determined. quantitative estimation of genetic parameters forming the phenotypic averages in scaling test develops the necessary base for involvement of marker genes for qualitative characters in search of qtls controlling the traits with continuous variation. the crosses being the most suitable for fu ...201514650325
modulating effects of oatmeal extracts in the sodium lauryl sulfate skin irritancy model.the aim of the present study was to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of two topically applied oatmeal extracts, i.e. avena sativa and avena rhealba, using the sodium lauryl sulfate (sls) irritation model. at baseline, test areas on the volar surface of the upper arms of 12 healthy individuals were pretreated with the two extracts and their vehicle (petrolatum ointment) under occlusion for 2 h, and one site was left untreated. then a patch with a 1% sls solution was applied to the test sites ...201511867969
[kinetics of mitotic rhythmic activity in oat (avena sativa) coleoptiles following irradiation].the analysis of different intensity (10-200 gy) irradiation influence on rhythmical processes in mitotic activity of oats coleoptiles was carries out. obtained results indicate that irradiation disorders phase and amplitude of the cell division rhythm in investigated material. this disturbance, as judged by doze dependence, is associated with unknown molecular structures.201511833332
amelioration of nickel phytotoxicity in muck and mineral soils.in situ remediation (phytostabilization) is a cost-effective solution for restoring the productivity of metal-contaminated soils and protection of food chains. a pot experiment with wheat (triticum aestivum l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and redbeet (beta vulgaris l.) was conducted to test the ability of limestone and hydrous ferric oxide (hfo) to ameliorate ni phytotoxicity in two soils contaminated by particulate emissions from a nickel refinery. quarry muck (terric haplohemist; 72% organic matte ...201511790001
complex structure of knobs and centromeric regions in maize chromosomes.the recovery of maize (zea mays l.) chromosome addition lines of oat (avena sativa l.) from oat x maize crosses enables us to analyze the structure and composition of individual maize chromosomes via the isolation and characterization of chromosome-specific cosmid clones. restriction fragment fingerprinting, sequencing, and in situ hybridization were applied to discover a new family of knob associated tandem repeats, the tr1, which are capable of forming fold-back dna segments, as well as a new ...201510857197
[common oat (avena sativa) as a substitute for meat in simple and combined culture media]. 201513136943
transcriptional transitions in nicotiana benthamiana leaves upon induction of oil synthesis by wrinkled1 homologs from diverse species and tissues.carbon accumulation and remobilization are essential mechanisms in plants to ensure energy transfer between plant tissues with different functions or metabolic needs and to support new generations. knowledge about the regulation of carbon allocation into oil (triacylglycerol) in plant storage tissue can be of great economic and environmental importance for developing new high-yielding oil crops. here, the effect on global gene expression as well as on physiological changes in leaves transiently ...201526253704
host genotype is an important determinant of the cereal phyllosphere mycobiome.the phyllosphere mycobiome in cereals is an important determinant of crop health. however, an understanding of the factors shaping this community is lacking. fungal diversity in leaves from a range of cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum), winter and spring barley (hordeum vulgare) and a smaller number of samples from oat (avena sativa), rye (secale cereale) and triticale (triticum × secale) was studied using next-generation sequencing. the effects of host genotype, fungicide treatment a ...201525898906
genome-wide association study for crown rust (puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) and powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) resistance in an oat (avena sativa) collection of commercial varieties and landraces.diseases caused by crown rust (puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) and powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae) are among the most important constraints for the oat crop. breeding for resistance is one of the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly means to control these diseases. the purpose of this work was to identify elite alleles for rust and powdery mildew resistance in oat by association mapping to aid selection of resistant plants. to this aim, 177 oat accessions in ...201525798140
quantitative trait loci from two genotypes of oat (avena sativa) conditioning resistance to puccinia coronata.developing oat cultivars with partial resistance to crown rust would be beneficial and cost-effective for disease management. two recombinant inbred-line populations were generated by crossing the susceptible cultivar provena with two partially resistant sources, cdc boyer and breeding line 94197a1-9-2-2-2-5. a third mapping population was generated by crossing the partially resistant sources to validate the quantitative trait locus (qtl) results. the three populations were evaluated for crown r ...201525121640
control of protein activity and cell fate specification via light-mediated nuclear translocation.light-activatable proteins allow precise spatial and temporal control of biological processes in living cells and animals. several approaches have been developed for controlling protein localization with light, including the conditional inhibition of a nuclear localization signal (nls) with the light oxygen voltage (aslov2) domain of phototropin 1 from avena sativa. in the dark, the switch adopts a closed conformation that sterically blocks the nls motif. upon activation with blue light the c-te ...201526083500
reduction in phytic acid content and enhancement of antioxidant properties of nutricereals by processing for developing a fermented baby food.cereal blends containing pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and oat (avena sativa) in different ratios were processed (roasted and germinated) and also used as unprocessed flours followed by fermentation with lactobacillus sp. (lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus plantarum). they were screened for total phenolic content (tpc), phytic acid content (pac) and free radical scavenging activity (frsa). a formulation with the highest tpc, frsa and the lowest pac was selected ...201526028703
acylated monogalactosyl diacylglycerol: prevalence in the plant kingdom and identification of an enzyme catalyzing galactolipid head group acylation in arabidopsis thaliana.the lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane is mainly composed of the galactolipids mono- and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (mgdg and dgdg, respectively). it has been known since the late 1960s that mgdg can be acylated with a third fatty acid to the galactose head group (acyl-mgdg) in plant leaf homogenates. in certain brassicaceous plants like arabidopsis thaliana, the acyl-mgdg frequently incorporates oxidized fatty acids in the form of the jasmonic acid precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (opda). ...201526566971
dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibitory peptides derived from oat (avena sativa l.), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum), and highland barley (hordeum vulgare trifurcatum (l.) trofim) proteins.peptides released from oat, buckwheat, and highland barley proteins were examined for their in vitro inhibitory effects on dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dpp4), an enzyme that deactivates incretin hormones involved in insulin secretion. all of the hydrolysates exhibited dpp4 inhibitory activities, with ic50 values ranging from 0.13 mg/ml (oat glutelin alcalase digestion) to 8.15 mg/ml (highland barley albumin tryptic digestion). the lowest ic50 values in gastrointestinal, alcalase, and tryptic digesti ...201526468909
nutritional advantages of oats and opportunities for its processing as value added foods - a review.oats (avena sativa l.) have received considerable attention for their high content of dietary fibres, phytochemicals and nutritional value. it is believed that consumption of oats possesses various health benefits such as hypocholesterolaemic and anticancerous properties. oats have also recently been considered suitable in the diet of celiac patients. owing to their high nutritional value, oat-based food products like breads, biscuits, cookies, probiotic drinks, breakfast cereals, flakes and inf ...201525694675
keratinocyte differentiation and upregulation of ceramide synthesis induced by an oat lipid extract via the activation of ppar pathways.activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppars) has been shown to have an important role in skin barrier function by regulating differentiation and lipid synthesis in keratinocytes. oat (avena sativa) has long been used as a soothing agent to relieve skin irritations, and the clinical benefits of topical oat formulations have been proven; however, the mechanistic understanding of oat's mode of action remains unknown. we investigated whether an oat lipid extract could activate p ...201525651930
nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fertilizer recovery in old and modern wheat genotypes grown in the presence or absence of interspecific competition.choosing genotypes with a high capacity for taking up nitrogen (n) from the soil and the ability to efficiently compete with weeds for this nutrient is essential to increasing the sustainability of cropping systems that are less dependent on auxiliary inputs. this research aimed to verify whether differences exist in n uptake and n fertilizer recovery capacity among wheat genotypes and, if so, whether these differences are related to a different competitive ability against weeds of wheat genotyp ...201525859252
a review study on the effect of iranian herbal medicines on opioid withdrawal syndrome.addiction is a chronic and recurring disease that recurrence phenomenon is the most important challenge in treatment of this disease. recent experiences have shown that synthetic drugs have undesirable side effects. recent studies on medicinal plants have shown that they might be effective in treatment of different stages of addiction with lower side effects and costs. the aim of this study was to review the effects of medicinal plants in the treatment of morphine addiction in experimental anima ...201525818661
indigenous knowledge of folk medicines among tribal minorities in khyber pakhtunkhwa, northwestern pakistan.mapping ethnomedicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge of folk medicines can provide a comprehensive overview of individual herbs employed in health care. reliance on medicinal plants in remote parts of northern pakistan is high, especially among women, but no research has investigated specifically which plants are used. this study investigated indigenous knowledge of folk medicines among tribal minorities in selected sites in upper swat, buner and chitral districts in khyber pakhtunk ...201525792019
root isolations of metarhizium spp. from crops reflect diversity in the soil and indicate no plant specificity.metarhizium spp. have recently been shown to be associated with the roots of different plants. here we evaluated which metarhizium species were associated with roots of oat (avena sativa), rye (secale cereale) and cabbage (brassica oleracea), common crop plants in denmark. thirty-six root samples from each of the three crops were collected within an area of approximately 3ha. the roots were rinsed with sterile water, homogenized and the homogenate plated onto selective media. a subset of 126 met ...201526407950
subtle gardeners: inland predators enrich local topsoils and enhance plant growth.inland vertebrate predators could enrich of nutrients the local top soils in the area surrounding their nests and dens by depositing faeces, urine, and prey remains and, thus, alter the dynamics of plant populations. surprisingly, and in contrast with convincing evidence from coastal habitats, whether and how this phenomenon occurs in inland habitats is largely uncertain even though these habitats represent a major fraction of the earth's surface. we investigated during two consecutive breeding ...201526383647
an engineered split intein for photoactivated protein trans-splicing.protein splicing is mediated by inteins that auto-catalytically join two separated protein fragments with a peptide bond. here we engineered a genetically encoded synthetic photoactivatable intein (named lovinc), by using the light-sensitive lov2 domain from avena sativa as a switch to modulate the splicing activity of the split dnae intein from nostoc punctiforme. periodic blue light illumination of lovinc induced protein splicing activity in mammalian cells. to demonstrate the broad applicabil ...201526317656
oat (avena sativa l.): oil and nutriment compounds valorization for potential use in industrial applications.oat is a promising plant for the future. it is edible and beneficial thanks to its nutritional, medicinal and pharmaceutical uses and, hence, recognized to be useful for a healthier world. the assessment of the vital functions of oat components is important for industries requiring correct health labelling, valid during the shelf life of any product. oil, enzymes and other biomolecules of nutraceutic or dietary usage from oats would be valorized for this purpose. although oats have a unique and ...201526250424
assessing the ecological long-term impact of wastewater irrigation on soil and water based on bioassays and chemical analyses.the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation and groundwater recharge can counteract water scarcity and reduce pollution of surface waters, but assessing its environmental risk should likewise consider effects associated to the soil. the present study therefore aimed at determining the impact of wastewater irrigation on the habitat quality of water after soil passage and of soil after percolation by applying bioassays and chemical analysis. lab-scale columns of four different soils encompassin ...201526207878
comparison of avena sativa, vinegar, and hydroxyzine for uremic pruritus of hemodialysis patients: a crossover randomized clinical trial.uremic pruritus is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease. while its cause is not known for certain, different treatments are currently applied. this study aimed to compare the effects of avena sativa, diluted vinegar, and hydroxyzine on the reduction of uremic pruritus.201526174460
preferential recruitment of the maternal centromere-specific histone h3 (cenh3) in oat (avena sativa l.) × pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum l.) hybrid embryos.chromosome elimination occurs frequently in interspecific hybrids between distantly related species in poaceae. however, chromosomes from both parents behave stably in a hybrid of female oat (avena sativa l.) pollinated by pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum l.). to analyze the chromosome behavior in this hybrid, we cloned the centromere-specific histone h3 (cenh3) genes of oat and pearl millet and produced a pearl millet-specific anti-cenh3 antibody. application of this antibody together with a gr ...201526134441
mitochondrial structural and antioxidant system responses to aging in oat (avena sativa l.) seeds with different moisture contents.we observed the relationship between lifespan and mitochondria, including antioxidant systems, ultrastructure, and the hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents in 4 h imbibed oat (avena sativa l.) seeds that were aged with different moisture contents (4%, 10% and 16%) for 0 (the control), 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 d at 45 °c. the results showed that the decline in the oat seed vigor and in the integrity of the mitochondrial ultrastructure occurred during the aging process, and that these change ...201526079285
cholesterol-lowering properties of oat β-glucan and the promotion of cardiovascular health: did health canada make the right call?in 2010, health canada approved a heath claim acknowledging the link between increased oats (avena sativa)-soluble fibre consumption and a reduction in total serum cholesterol levels. the approval also recognized the relationship between decreased total blood cholesterol concentration and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. the functional food ingredient believed to be responsible for the hypocholesterolemic property of oats is β-glucan, a highly viscous, soluble fibre composed of d-glucos ...201525933163
quantitative profiling of feruloylated arabinoxylan side-chains from graminaceous cell walls.graminaceous arabinoxylans are distinguished by decoration with feruloylated monosaccharidic and oligosaccharidic side-chains. although it is hypothesized that structural complexity and abundance of these feruloylated arabinoxylan side-chains may contribute, among other factors, to resistance of plant cell walls to enzymatic degradation, quantitative profiling approaches for these structural units in plant cell wall materials have not been described yet. here we report the development and applic ...201526834763
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