Publications

allelopathic effects ofcitrus aurantium l. : i. vegetational patterning.	field observations on undisturbed stands of sour orange revealed thatcynodon dactylon, chenopodium album, avena sativa, andamaranthus retroflexus were not able to grow normally and complete their life cycles under its canopies, although the same species grow well under adjacent trees of date palm. investigations revealed that the failure of the test species to grow normally under sour orange was not due to competition for light, moisture and minerals or to differences in soil texture or ph. soil ...	1985	24311244
activities of arginine and ornithine decarboxylases in various plant species.	in extracts from the youngest leaves of avena sativa, hordeum vulgare, zea mays, pisum sativum, phaseolus vulgaris, lactuca sativa, and four pyrrolizidine alkaloid-bearing species of heliotropium, the activities of ornithine decarboxylase, close to v(max), ranged between traces and 1.5 nanomoles per hour per gram fresh weight when based on putrescine formed during incubation with labeled ornithine. the arginine decarboxylase activities in the same extracts ranged between 8 and 8000 nanomoles per ...	1985	16664442
assaying ornithine and arginine decarboxylases in some plant species.	a release of (14)co(2) not related to ornithine decarboxylase activity was found in crude leaf extracts from lycopersicon esculentum, avena sativa, and especially from the pyrrolizidine alkaloid-bearing heliotropium angiospermum when incubated with [1-(14)c]- or [u-(14)c]ornithine. the total (14)co(2) produced was about 5- to 100-fold higher than that due to ornithine decarboxylase activities calculated from labeled putrescine (put) found by thin-layer electrophoresis in the incubation mixtures. ...	1985	16664441
physiological mechanism of the auxin-induced increase in light sensitivity of phytochrome-mediated growth responses in avena coleoptile sections.	the physiology of the auxin-induced 10,000-fold increase in light sensitivity of a phytochrome-mediated growth response (shinkle and briggs, 1984 proc natl acad sci usa 81: 3742-3746) has been characterized in subapical coleoptile sections from dark-grown oat (avena sativa l. cv lodi) seedlings. six micromolar indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) must be present for 1 hour before to 2 hour after irradiation in order to confer maximal sensitivity to light. the direct effect of iaa on growth can be separate ...	1985	16664413
effect of calmodulin antagonists on auxin-induced elongation.	coleoptile segments of oat (avena sativa var cayuse) and corn (zea mays l. var patriot) were incubated in different concentrations of calmodulin antagonists in the presence and absence of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid. the calmodulin antgonists (chlorpromazine (cp), trifluoperazine, and fluphenazine) inhibited the auxin-induced elongation at 5 to 50 micromolar concentrations. chlorpromazine sulfoxide, an analog of chlorpromazine, did not have significant effect on the elongation of oat and corn c ...	1985	16664387
chloroplast biogenesis 49 : differences among angiosperms in the biosynthesis and accumulation of monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide during photoperiodic greening.	various angiosperms differed in their monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic capabilities during the dark and light phases of photoperiodic growth. some plant species such as cucumis sativus l., brassica juncea (l.) coss., brassica kaber (dc.) wheeler, and portulaca oleracea l. accumulated mainly divinyl protochlorophyllide at night. monocotyledonous species such as avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare l., triticum secale l., zea mays l., and some dicotyledonous species such as phase ...	1985	16664351
stimulation of extracellular polysaccharide synthesis in oat protoplasts by the host-specific phytotoxin victorin.	the host-specific phytotoxin victorin (hv-toxin) stimulates mesophyll protoplasts of susceptible but not of resistant oat (avena sativa l.) to produce an amorphous, ethanol-insoluble extracellular material which stains with calcofluor white and aniline blue. over a 24-h period incorporation of [(14)c]glucose into ethanol-insoluble products is maximally stimulated by 60 pg victorin/ml, whereas at 6 ng/ml initial rates of incorporation are higher but the protoplasts collapse. the extracellular mat ...	1985	24241147
characterization of developing oat seed mrna: evidence for many globulin mrnas.	polyadenylated mrna from developing oat (avena sativa l.) seeds was isolated and analyzed. prominent mrna species of 18s, 15s and 12s were observed; the 18s mrna was judged to be esentially free of ribosomal rna by hybridization analysis. size fractionation andin vitro translation of this mrna was performed. sds, ief-sds gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation were used to analyze the translation products. it is shown that globulin mrna (18s) accounts for roughly 30% of the total mrna in dev ...	1985	24310836
the role of separate molecular domains in the structure of phytochrome from etiolated avena sativa l.	the spectral properties of peptides generated from etiolated-avana, 124-kda (kilodalton) phytochrome by endogenous protease(s) have been studied to assess the role of the amino-terminal and the carboxyl-terminal domains in maintaining the proper interaction between protein and chromophore. the amino-terminal, 74-kda chromopeptide, a degradation product of the far-red absorbing form of the pigment (pfr), is shown to be spectrally similar to the 124-kda, undegraded molecule. the minimum and maximu ...	1985	24248223
sodium and potassium fluxes and compartmentation in roots of atriplex and oat.	k(+) and na(+) fluxes and ion content have been studied in roots of atriplex nummularia lindl. and avena sativa l. cv goodfield grown in 3 millimolar k(+) with or without 3 or 50 millimolar nacl. compartmental analysis was carried out with entire root systems under steady-state conditions.increasing ambient na(+) concentrations from 0 to 50 millimolar altered k(+), in atriplex, as follows: slightly decreased the cytoplasmic content (q(c)), the vacuolar content (q(v)), and the plasma membrane inf ...	1985	16664273
electrostatic surface properties of plasmalemma vesicles from oat and wheat roots. ion binding and screening investigated by 9-aminoacridine fluorescence.	right-side-out and sealed plasmalemma vesicles were isolated from roots of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. drabant) and oat (avena sativa l. cv. brighton) by two-phase partition in a medium containing sucrose (0.25 mol l(-1)). oat root plasmalemma vesicles were discovered to contain a strongly fluorescent compound with an emission maximum at 418 nm. the surface potential of the membranes was monitored by 9-aminoacridine fluorescence and the effect of protein concentration, mannitol versus ...	1985	24249604
immunochemical detection with rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies of different pools of phytochrome from etiolated and green avena shoots.	while two monoclonal antibodies directed to phytochrome from etiolated oat (avena sativa l.) shoots can precipitate up to about 30% of the photoreversible phytochrome isolated from green oat shoots, most precipitate little or none at all. these results are consistent with a report by j.g. tokuhisa and p.h. quail (1983, plant physiol. 72, suppl., 85), according to which polyclonal rabbit antibodies directed to phytochrome from etiolated oat shoots bind only a small fraction of the phytochrome obt ...	1985	24249602
phytochrome in green tissue: spectral and immunochemical evidence for two distinct molecular species of phytochrome in light-grown avena sativa l.	a method is described for the extraction of phytochrome from chlorophyllous shoots of avena sativa l. poly(ethyleneimine) and salt fractionation are used to reduce chlorophyll and to increase the phytochrome concentration sufficiently to permit spectral and immunochemical analyses. the phototransformation difference spectrum of this phytochrome is distinct from that of phytochrome from etiolated shoots in that the maximum in the red region of the difference spectrum is shifted about 15 nm to a s ...	1985	24249601
proteolysis of endogenous substrates in senescing oat leaves : i. specific degradation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase.	proteolysis of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase) during senescence was monitored using oat leaf segments (avena sativa cv victory), kept in the dark. we here report the development of a novel approach for measuring protein degradation of endogenous substrates both in situ and in vitro in crude extracts using specific antibodies against highly purified polypeptides. the proteolytic products were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gels. they were then electrotransferred onto nitrocellu ...	1985	16664184
spectral characterization and proteolytic mapping of native 120-kilodalton phytochrome from cucurbita pepo l.	a spectral, immunochemical, and proteolytic characterization of native 120-kilodalton (kd) phytochrome from cucurbita pepo l. is presented and compared with that previously reported for native 124-kd phytochrome from avena sativa. the molecule was partially purified ( approximately 200-fold) in the phytochrome-far red-absorbing form (pfr) in the presence of the protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, using a modification of the procedure initially developed to purify 124-kd avena phyt ...	1985	16664177
homology between legumin-like polypeptides from cereals and pea.	the presence of legumin-like constituents within the globulin fractions of wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale) and corn (maize, zea mays) was demonstrated. two-dimensional analysis of wheat globulins in the presence and absence of a reducing agent revealed the existence of reducible approximately 60 kda polypeptides. western-blot analysis with 125i-labelled antibodies raised against the oat (avena sativa) 12s globulin holoprotein or its alpha-subunits demonstrated, firstly, the immun ...	1985	3985947
inhibition of phytochrome synthesis by gabaculine.	gabaculine (5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadienylcarboxylic acid), a transaminase inhibitor, also inhibits chlorophyll formation in plants, and the effect of this compound can be counteracted by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala) (flint, personal communication, 1984). since it is probable that ala also serves as a precursor to phytochrome, the effects of gabaculine on phytochrome synthesis in developing etiolated seedlings were examined using in vivo spectrophotometry. preemergence treatment with gabaculine was ...	1985	16664094
investigations into the possible regulation of negative gravitropic curvature in intact avena sativa plants and in isolated stem segments by ethylene and gibberellins.	using avena sativa l. cv. victory oat seedlings and excised p-1 stem segments (including the p-1 and p-2 internodes) the effect of exogenously supplied ethylene and the removal of ethylene on internodal extension and gravitropic bending was assessed. similarly, the ability of the excised system to respond to gravistimulation was assessed in the presence of inhibitors of ethylene action (agno3) and ethylene synthesis (3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and benzyl isothiocyanate; bitc). the producti ...	1985	11540850
polyamine levels as related to growth, differentiation and senescence in protoplast-derived cultures of vigna aconitifolia and avena sativa.	we have previously reported that aseptically cultured mesophyll protoplasts of vigna divide rapidly and regenerate into complete plants, while mesophyll protoplasts of avena divide only sporadically and senesce rapidly after isolation. we measured polyamine titers in such cultures of vigna and avena, to study possible correlations between polyamines and cellular behavior. we also deliberately altered polyamine titer by the use of selective inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis, noting the effects ...	1985	11539806
ice nucleation temperature of individual leaves in relation to population sizes of ice nucleation active bacteria and frost injury.	ice nucleation temperatures of individual leaves were determined by a tube nucleation test. with this assay, a direct quantitative relationship was obtained between the temperatures at which ice nucleation occurred on individual oat (avena sativa l.) leaves and the population sizes of ice nucleation active (ina) bacteria present on those leaves. in the absence of ina bacteria, nucleation of supercooled growth-chamber grown oat leaves did not occur until temperatures were below approximately -5 d ...	1985	16664039
an experimental mycotoxicosis in sheep and goats caused by drechslera campanulata, a fungal pathogen of green oats.	field outbreaks of a syndrome of unknown aetiology associated with the grazing of green oats (avena sativa) in the south-western cape province were characterized by diarrhoea, photosensitivity and death in goats and by diarrhoea and a reduction in milk production in cows. a phytopathogenic fungus, drechslera campanulata, was isolated from conspicuous reddish-brown leaf spots on oat plants collected from both outbreaks. pure cultures on autoclaved maize of d. campanulata isolates from oat leaves ...	1985	4047622
purification and initial characterization of ubiquitin from the higher plant, avena sativa.	ubiquitin is a highly conserved, 76-amino acid polypeptide recently demonstrated to be involved in atp-dependent protein degradation in mammalian cells. from immunoblot analyses with anti-human-ubiquitin antibodies we have detected the presence of free ubiquitin in green leaves, etiolated shoots, and dry seeds of the higher plant, oats (avena sativa l.). we also find that crude oat extracts contain protease(s) that rapidly degrade both oat and human ubiquitin (t1/2 approximately 10 min at 27 deg ...	1985	2995356
effects of root applications of gibberellic acid on photosynthesis and growth in c3 and c 4 plants.	the effects of root applications of gibberellic acid (ga3) on growth and photosynthesis of 12 species of plants including c3 monocots (triticum aestivum l., wheat, hordeum vulgare l., barley and avena sativa l., oat), c3 dicots (vigna radiata l., mung bean, cucurbita moschata l., squash and capsicum annuum l., pepper), c4 monocots (zea mays l., corn, sorghum vulgare l., sorghum and panicum ramosum l., millet) and c4 dicots (amaranthus retroflexus l., pigweed, kochia scoparis l., kochia and gomph ...	1985	24442874
selection and regeneration of toxin-insensitive plants from tissue cultures of oats (avena sativa) susceptible to helminthosporium victoriae.	insensitivity to the pathotoxin victorin, which is produced by the fungus helminthosporium victoriae (meehan and murphy), was selected in tissue cultures of oat (avena sativa l.) lines heterozygous for the dominant sensitive allele vb. the vb allele imparts both susceptibility to h. victoriae and resistance to several races of oat crown rust (puccinia coronata var. 'avenae', fraser and e. led.). none of 84 homozygous vb vb oat calli survived when grown on victorin-containing medium. among 175 ca ...	1985	24247332
effects of tabtoxinine-beta-lactam on nitrogen metabolism in avena sativa l. roots.	the effects of tabtoxinine-beta-lactam (t-beta-l) on nitrate uptake and glutamine synthetase (gs) and nitrate reductase (nr) activities in roots of avena sativa seedlings were determined. seven-day-old oat seedlings placed in a 10 mm kno(3) and 0.5 mm t-beta-l solution for 24 hours took up t-beta-l and lost approximately 90% of their root gs activity. [(3)h]-t-beta-l taken up by roots of seven-day-old oat seedlings was associated with gs immunoprecipitated from the extract of these roots. total ...	1986	16665133
association of two measures of vegetative growth rate with other traits in inter and intraspecific matings of oats.	f2-derived oat lines from inter (avena sativa l. x a. sterilis l.) and intraspecific (among a. sativa cultivars) matings were evaluated in the f3, f4, and f5 generations for heading date, grain and straw yields, biomass, vegetative dry weight at anthesis, vegetative growth rates until anthesis (gra) and until maturity (grm), and harvest index. the associations of gra and grm with harvest index ranged from zero to slightly negative. the positive correlations of gra and grm with grain yield were s ...	1986	24248196
immunoprecipitation of phytochrome from green avena by rabbit antisera to phytochrome from etiolated avena.	thirty-nine antiserum preparations from eight rabbits were screened for their ability to precipitate the immunochemically distinct phytochrome that is obtained from green oat (avena sativa l.) shoots. the antisera were obtained from rabbits immunized with either proteolytically degraded, but still photoreversible, 60-kda (kilodalton) phytochrome, or approx. 120-kda phytochrome, both of which were purified from etiolated oat shoots. the ability of these antisera to precipitate phytochrome from gr ...	1986	24232327
isoelectric focusing of oat root membranes.	the feasibility of purifying subcellular membranes, especially plasma membranes, from oat roots using isoelectric focusing has been examined. membranes from oat (avena sativa l. cv garry) root homogenates were fractionated using discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation and then electrofocused using a microanalytical isoelectric focusing column. the column contained either a broad-range (ph 3-10) or narrow-range (ph 3-6) ph gradient stabilized by a 5 to 15% ficoll gradient. results f ...	1986	16665016
in vitro and in vivo protein phosphorylation in avena sativa l. coleoptiles: effects of ca2+, calmodulin antagonists, and auxin.	in vitro and in vivo protein phosphorylations in oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptile segments were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. in vitro phosphorylation of several polypeptides was distinctly promoted at 1 to 15 micromolar free ca2+ concentrations. ca2(+)-stimulated phosphorylation was markedly reduced by trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and naphthalene sulfonamide (w7). two polypeptides were phosphorylated both un ...	1986	11539102
photobiology of phytochrome-mediated growth responses in sections of stem tissue from etiolated oats and corn.	the far-red reversibility of the phytochrome-controlled stimulation of elongation of coleoptile sections by low fluence red light has been characterized in subapical coleoptile sections from dark-grown avena sativa l., cv lodi seedlings. the fluence dependence of the far-red reversal was the same whether or not the very low fluence response is also expressed. the capacity of far-red light to reverse the red light-induced response began to decline if the far-red light was given more than 90 minut ...	1986	16664851
kinetics of intracellular redistribution of phytochrome in avena coleoptiles after its photoconversion to the active, far-red-absorbing form.	the kinetics of the intracellular redistribution of phytochrome (sequestering) in avena sativa l. coleoptiles following a brief, saturating actinic pulse of red (r) light have been determined. immunocytochemical labelling of phytochrome with monoclonal antibodies showed that at 22°c sequestering can occur within 1-2 s from the onset of r irradiation and is dependent upon the continued presence of the far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome (pfr). the initial rate, but not the final extent, of sequ ...	1986	24240300
viscosity dependence of primary photoprocesses of 124 kilodalton phytochrome.	to characterize the nature of primary photoprocesses of phytochrome which serves as the red-far red reversible photoreceptor for photomorphogenesis in plants, viscosity dependence of the fluorescence lifetimes of phytochrome isolated from etiolated oat seedling (avena sativa l.) has been investigated. the fluorescence decay of phytochrome exhibited approximately two components, one with lifetime in the range of 50-70 ps and another with 1.1-1.2 ns in phosphate buffer with or without 40-67% glyce ...	1986	19431669
tissue-distribution of secondary phenolic biosynthesis in developing primary leaves of avena sativa l.	primary leaves of oats (avena sativa l.) have been used to study the integration of secondary phenolic metabolism into organ differentiation and development. in particular, the tissue-specific distribution of products and enzymes involved in their biosynthesis has been investigated. c-glucosylflavones along with minor amounts of hydroxycinnamic-acid esters constitute the soluble phenolic compounds in these leaves. in addition, considerable amounts of insoluble products such as lignin and wall-bo ...	1986	24241851
a monoclonal antibody specific for the red-absorbing form of phytochrome.	characterisation of a new monoclonal antibody (mab), designated las 41, directed against 124-kilodalton (kda) etiolated-oat (avena sativa l.) phytochrome, indicates that it recognises an epitope unique to the red-light-absorbing form, pr. in a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), las 41 exhibits a seven- to eight-fold higher affinity for pr than for the far-red-light-absorbing form of phytochrome, pfr. in addition, in immunoprecipitation assays las 41 effectively precipitates 1 ...	1987	24226075
the levels of two distinct species of phytochrome are regulated differently during germination in avena sativa l.	the abundance and molecular mass of phytochrome in germinating embryos of a. sativa (oat) grown in light or darkness have been monitored using immunoblot and spectrophotometric assays. immunoblot analysis shows that imbibed but quiescent embryos have two immunochemically distinct species of phytochrome with monomeric molecular masses of 124 and 118 kda (kdalton). the 118-kda species has the properties of the 118-kda phytochrome extracted from fully green oat tissue (j.g. tokuhisa, s.m. daniels, ...	1987	24225921
do some plant responses to cytokinins involve the cyanide-resistant respiratory pathway?	a disengagement of the cyanide-resistant, alternative respiratory pathway in soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) callus tissue was observed prior to the start of deoxyisoflavone production stimulated by addition of the cytokinin benzyladenine. to test whether this loss of alternativepathway activity was part of the response to cytokinin, inhibitors of the alternative pathway were assayed for their ability to elicit cytokinin-like responses. salicylhydroxamic acid (sham) was found to produce a deoxy ...	1987	24225916
latency of plasma membrane h-atpase in vesicles isolated by aqueous phase partitioning : increased substrate accessibility or enzyme activation.	the properties of the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase and the cause of its latency have been studied using a highly purified plasma membrane fraction from oat (avena sativa l., cv victory) roots, prepared by aqueous two-phase partitioning. the atpase has a maximum specific activity (at 37 degrees c) in excess of 4 micromoles inorganic phosphate per milligram protein per minute in the presence of nondenaturing surfactants. it is inhibited by more than 90% by vanadate, is specific for atp, has a ph op ...	1987	16665762
improving grain yield in backcross populations from avena sativa × a. sterilis matings by using independent culling for harvest index and vegetative growth index or unit straw weight.	grain yield was selected in avena sativa x a. sterilis populations of segregates by applying independent culling for harvest index and either vegetative growth index or unit straw weight. samples of lines intensively selected for harvest index had high harvest index but low grain yield because they had low vigor. populations intensively selected for growth rate index or unit straw weight had high biological yield but low harvest index. intensive selection for grain yield per se resulted in sampl ...	1987	24240224
some characteristics of anion transport at the tonoplast of oat roots, determined from the effects of anions on pyrophosphatedependent proton transport.	the effects of anions on inorganicpyrophosphate-dependent h(+)-transport in isolated tonoplast vesicles from oat (avena sativa l.) roots were determined. both fluorescent and radioactive probes were used to measure formation of ph gradients and membrane potential in the vesicles. pyrophosphate hydrolysis by the h(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase was unaffected by anions. nonetheless, some anions (cl(-), br(-) and no3-) stimulated h(+)-transport while others (malate, [formula: see text] and imino ...	1987	24225792
effects of diclofop and diclofop-methyl on the membrane potentials of wheat and oat coleoptiles.	electrophysiological measurements were made on the mesophyll cells of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv waldron) and oat (avena sativa l. cv garry) coleoptiles treated either with the herbicide diclofop-methyl (methyl 2-(4-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)propanoate), or it's primary metabolite diclofop, (2-(4-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)-propanoic acid). application of a 100 micromolar solution of diclofop-methyl to wheat coleoptiles had little or no effect on the membrane potential (e(m)), howev ...	1987	16665655
immunocytological and chemical studies on the stromacentre-forming protein from avena plastids.	the stromacentre (sc), a particular structure in the plastids of avena, was isolated from etioplasts of avena sativa by density gradient centrifugation and then analyzed and compared with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (rubpcase) from a. sativa, with pyrenoids of chlorella vulgaris and with the "stromacentre" of opuntia. purified sc-elements consisted of protein subunits with a relative molecular weight of 63 kda, different from the isolated rubpcase of a. sativa as shown by sod ...	1987	24225705
chloroplast genome evolution in the genus avena.	the genus avena contains five different chloroplast genomes, i-v. a physical map of chloroplast (ct) dna of avena sativa (type i chloroplast genome) was constructed using three restriction endonucleases, psti, sali and smai. this genome is ca. 135.5 kbp in size, and contains two inverted repeats of ca. 22.5 kbp each, separated by a large (ca. 79.0 kbp) and small (ca. 12.5 kbp) single copy region. the rbcl gene which codes for the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, was locate ...	1987	17246394
storage protein synthesis during oat (avena sativa l.) seed development.	oat (avena sativa l.) seeds harvested at 2-day intervals from anthesis to maturity were tested for their ability to incorporate [(35)s]sulfate into protein. incorporation of [(35)s]sulfate into tca-insoluble material began 2 to 4 days postanthesis (dpa), reached a peak 14 to 16 dpa, and was barely detectable by 24 dpa. incorporation of label into globulin was parallel to total protein accumulation, and averaged about 85% of the total protein synthesis. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel e ...	1987	16665440
phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis : both 5-aminolevulinic acid and biliverdin overcome inhibition by gabaculine in etiolated avena sativa l. seedlings.	etiolated avena sativa l. seedlings grown in the presence of gabaculine (5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadienylcarboxylic acid) contained reduced levels of phytochrome as shown by spectrophotometric and immunochemical assays. photochromic phytochrome levels in gabaculine-grown plants were estimated to be 20% of control plants, while immunoblot analysis showed that the phytochrome protein moiety was present at approximately 50% of control levels. gabaculine-grown seedlings administered either 5-aminolevulin ...	1987	16665435
inhibition and labeling of the plant plasma membrane h-atpase with n-ethylmaleimide.	h(+)-atpase activity in plasma membranes isolated from avena sativa root cells is inhibited by n-ethylmaleimide, a covalent modifier of protein sulfhydryl groups. the rate of inhibition is reduced by adp, mgadp, and mgatp, but even at 40 millimolar adp the enzyme is only partially protected against inactivation. when plasma membranes are treated wth n-[2-(3)h]ethylmaleimide and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, prominent radioactive bands appear at m(r)=100,0 ...	1987	16665375
biomass production and nitrogen content of c3- and c4- grasses in pure and mixed culture with different nitrogen supply.	two c3 grasses (hordeum vulgare l., avena sativa l.) and two c4 grasses (panicum miliaceum l., panicum crus-galli l.) were cultivated in standard soil in the open air in pure cultures and in various mixed cultures at low and high nitrogen fertilization levels. after three months the dry weight, length and nitrogen content of the aboveground and below-ground parts of the plants and the shoot/root ratios were determined. hordeum vulgare was the most successful species irrespective of the nitrogen ...	1987	28312237
long-term acid-induced wall extension in an in-vitro system.	when frozen-thawed avena sativa l. coleoptile and cucumis sativa l. hypocotyl sections, under tension, are acid-treated, they undergo rapid elongation (acid-extension). the acid-extension response consists of two concurrent phases: a burst of extension which decays exponentially over 1-2 h (exe), and a constant rate of extension (ce) which can persist for at least 6 h. the extension (al) is closely represented by the equation: δl = a - a · e (kt) + c · t where a is the total extension of the exp ...	1987	24232968
site of synthesis of the enzymes of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in oat (avena sativa l.) leaves.	heat-bleached oat (avena sativa l. cv porter) leaves lacking 70s chloroplast ribosomes have been used to demonstrate that four chloroplast-localized enzymes of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis: aspartate carbamoyl-transferase, dihydroorotase, orotidine phosphoribosyl-transferase, and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase, are synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. two other chloroplast enzymes, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, involved in both pyrimidine and arginine biosynthesis, and ornithine c ...	1987	16665303
potential-dependent anion transport in tonoplast vesicles from oat roots.	potential-dependent anion movement into tonoplast vesicles from oat roots (avena sativa l. var lang) was monitored as dissipation of membrane potentials (deltapsi) using the fluorescence probe oxonol v. the potentials (positive inside) were generated with the h(+)-pumping pyrophosphatase, which is k(+) stimulated and anion insensitive. the relative rate of deltapsi dissipation by anions was used to estimate the relative permeabilities of the anions. in decreasing order they were: scn(-) (100) > ...	1987	16665276
comparison of the protein conformations between different forms (pr and pfr) of native (124 kda) and degraded (118/114 kda) phytochromes from avena sativa.		1987	3562595
the physiological role of lipoxygenase in ethylene formation from 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in oat leaves.	in order to understand the physiological significance of the in-vitro lipoxygenase (ec 1.13.11.12)-mediated ethylene-forming system (j.f. bousquet and k.v. thimann 1984, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 81, 1724-1727), its characteristics were compared to those of an in-vivo ethylene-forming system. while oat (avena sativa l.) leaves, as other plant tissues, preferentially converted only one of the 1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (aec) isomers to 1-butene, the lipoxygenase system convert ...	1987	24232877
effect of ozone on net photosynthesis in oat (avena sativa) and duckweed (lemna gibba).	short exposure to ozone depressed photosynthesis in both oat and duckweed at concentrations above 140 microg m(-3) and 300 microg m(-3), respectively. the effect on exposed oat flag leaves was age-dependent, with maximum susceptibility to ozone 10-20 days after emergence of the panicle. in duckweed, photosynthesis was more sensitive to differences in ozone concentration than to differences in duration of exposure.	1987	15092702
long-term acid-induced wall extension in an in-vitro system.	when frozen-thawed avena sativa l. coleoptile and cucumis sativa l. hypocotyl sections, under tension, are acid-treated, they undergo rapid elongation (acid-extension). the acid-extension response consists of two concurrent phases: a burst of extension which decays exponentially over 1-2 h (exe), and a constant rate of extension (ce) which can persist for at least 6h. the extension (delta l) is closely represented by the equation: delta l = a-a e(-kt) + c t where a is the total extension of the ...	1987	11539098
probing the catalytic subunit of the tonoplast h+-atpase from oat roots. binding of 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3,-diazole to the 72-kilodalton polypeptide.	the purified tonoplast h+-atpase from oat roots (avena sativa l. var. lang) consists of at least three different polypeptides with masses 72, 60, and 16 kda. we have used covalent modifiers (inhibitors) and polyclonal antibodies to identify the catalytic subunit of the h+-pumping atpase. the inactivation of atpase activity by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (nbd-cl, an adenine analog) was protected by mgatp or mgadp, and showed kinetic properties consistent with active site-directed inhi ...	1987	2884218
red light-induced formation of ubiquitin-phytochrome conjugates: identification of possible intermediates of phytochrome degradation.	phytochrome is the photoreceptor that controls red light-mediated morphogenesis in higher plants. it exists in two photointerconvertible forms, a red light-absorbing form, pr, and a far-red light-absorbing form, pfr. because photoconversion of pr to pfr by a brief light pulse decreases the in vivo half-life of this chromoprotein by a factor of approximately 100, this system offers a unique way to modulate the turnover rate of a specific protein and hence study the mechanisms responsible for sele ...	1987	16593800
nematode response to cool season annual graminaceous species and cultivars.	the response of 29 rye, oat, triticale, and wheat cultivars to selected nematode species was determined in the greenhouse. variability in nematode root galling and final nematode population densities in root and soil in response to cool season annual graminaceous crops occurred for spiral (helicotylenchus dihystera), stubby root (paratrichodorus minor), and root-knot (meloidogyne incognita) nematodes. although none of the graminaceous crops supported m. incognita at levels as high as the suscept ...	1987	19290289
h+-atpase from plasma membranes of saccharomyces cerevisiae and avena sativa roots: purification and reconstitution.		1988	2906717
agrobacterium-mediated infectivity of cloned digitaria streak virus dna.	a monomeric clone of double-stranded dna synthesized in vitro dna of the geminivirus digitaria streak (dsv) was subcloned as a tandem dimeric unit into a binary vector of agrobacterium tumefaciens, creating a plasmid pds2. inoculation of digitaria sanguinalis with a. tumefaciens carrying pds2 resulted in viral infection. the symptoms, virus particles, and dna forms obtained were indistinguishable from those of a natural dsv infection of d. sanguinalis. inoculations have also induced infections i ...	1988	3341112
hemin inhibits ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in both a higher plant and yeast.	in eukaryotes, a major route for atp-dependent protein breakdown proceeds through covalent intermediates of target proteins destined for degradation and the highly conserved, 76 amino acid protein ubiquitin. in rabbit reticulocytes, it has been shown that hemin effectively inhibits this pathway by blocking the catabolism of ubiquitin-protein conjugates [ki = 25 microm (haas, a. l., & rose, i. a. (1981) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 78, 6845-6848)]. here, we demonstrate that hemin is also an effe ...	1988	2839230
oats tolerant of pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci contain tabtoxinine-beta-lactam-insensitive leaf glutamine synthetases.	pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, a commonly recognized leaf pathogen of tobacco, can infest the rhizosphere of many plants, including oats. normal oat plants do not survive this infestation as a consequence of the complete and irreversible inactivation of all of their glutamine synthetases by tabtoxinine-beta-lactam (tbetal), a toxin released by pv. tabaci. we have identified a population of oat (avena sativa l. var lodi) plants that are tolerant of pv. tabaci. the tolerant plants had no detecta ...	1988	16666304
development of oat prothylakoids into thylakoids during greening does not change transmembrane galactolipid asymmetry but preserves the thylakoid bilayer.	the lipase from rhizopus arrhizus and the lipolytic acyl hydrolase from potato tubers have been used to determine the transmembrane distribution of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (dgdg) in prothylakoids and thylakoids from oat (avena sativa). both galactolipids were found to be asymmetrically distributed. the molar outside/inside distribution was 70 +/- 8/30 +/- 8 for mgdg and 10 +/- 4/90 +/- 4 for dgdg in the prothylakoid membrane. mature thylakoids presented ...	1988	16666318
phosphorylation of the plasma-membrane h(+)-atpase of oat roots by a calcium-stimulated protein kinase.	when plasma-membrane vesicles isolated from oat (avena sativa l.) root cells were incubated with [γ-(32)p]atp, the h(+)-atpase was found to be phosphorylated at serine and threonine residues. phosphotyrosine was not detected. endogenous atpase kinase activity was also observed in plasma-membrane vesicles isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum l.) root cells as well as from yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). identity of the phosphorylated oat root mr=100 000 polypeptide as the atpase was confirme ...	1988	24226688
uptake of 226ra by established vegetation and black cutworm larvae, agrotis ipsilon (class insecta: order lepidoptera), on u mill tailings at elliot lake, canada.	radium-226 levels in samples from an inactive u tailings site at elliot lake, ontario, canada, were: 9,140 +/- 500 mbq g-1 dry weight in the substrate; 62 +/- 1 mbq g-1 dry weight in rye, secale cereale, and less than 3.7 mbq g-1 dry weight in oats, avena sativa, the dominant species established by revegetation of the tailings; and 117 +/- 7 mbq g-1 dry weight in washed and unwashed black cutworm larvae. concentration ratios were: vegetation to tailings 0.001-0.007; black cutworms to vegetation ...	1988	3391775
role of mycorrhizal infection in the growth and reproduction of wild vs. cultivated plants : i. wild vs. cultivated oats.	we tested the hypothesis that mycorrhizal infection benefits wild plants to a lesser extent than cultivated plants. this hypothesis stems from two observations: (1) mycorrhizal infection improves plant growth primarily by increasing nutrient uptake, and (2) wild plants often possess special adaptations to soil infertility which are less pronounced in modern cultivated plants. in the first experiment, wild (avena fatua l.) and cultivated (a. sativa l.) oats were grown hydroponically at four diffe ...	1988	28311275
glutamine transport and the role of the glutamine translocator in chloroplasts.	the transport of l-[(14)c]glutamine in oat (avena sativa l.) and spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts was studied by a conventional single-layer and a newly developed stable double-layer silicone oil filtering system. [(14)c]glutamine was actively transported into oat chloroplasts against a concentration gradient. metabolite uptake was greatly affected by the endogenous dicarboxylate pools, which could be easily changed by preloading the chloroplast with specific exogenous substrate. glut ...	1988	16666419
mapping of antigenic domains on phytochrome from etiolated avena sativa l. by immunoblot analysis of proteolytically derived peptides.	several monoclonal antibodies to phytochrome that interact with putative functionally important domains have been previously identified. the locations of some of these domains are determined here by epitope mapping experiments that utilize immunoblot analyses of proteolytically degraded phytochrome. seven independent epitopes are identified. an epitope that is recognized by monoclonal antibody oat-25 is confirmed to be wholly located near the n terminus of phytochrome. this domain undergoes a co ...	1988	2463784
peripheral and integral subunits of the tonoplast h+-atpase from oat roots.	the subunit organization of the tonoplast h+-pumping atpase from oat roots (avena sativa l. var. lang) was investigated. tonoplast vesicles were treated with low ionic strength solutions (0.1 mm 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer or 0.1 mm na edta), carbonate, or a chaotropic reagent (ki), and then centrifuged to give a soluble fraction and a pellet. treatments with low ionic strength solutions or ki resulted in 70-80% reduction in the membrane-associated atpase activity, ...	1988	2903155
phototropic fluence-response relations for avena coleoptiles on a clinostat.	phototropism of avena sativa l. has been characterized using a clinostat to negate the gravitropic response. the kinetics for development of curvature was measured following induction by a single pulse of blue light (bl), five pulses of bl at 20-min intervals, and this same pulsed-light regime following a 2-h red light (rl) pre-irradiation. a final curvature of about 14° is expressed within 180 min following the single pulse; a final curvature of about 62° in about 240 min following five pulses ...	1988	24220772
pulse-induced phototropisms in oat and maize coleoptiles.	phototropisms induced by a pulse (1-30 seconds) of blue light in red-light-grown coleoptiles of oats (avena sativa l.) and maize (zea mays l.) were investigated in terms of fluence-response relationships and time courses. phototropic stimulation was made by a laser beam (457.9 nanometers), allowing application of high-fluence pulses. the phototropic fluence-response curves for oats and maize revealed two peaks in the positive range, thus indicating the occurrence of two separable pulse-induced p ...	1988	16666391
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid-a potent inhibitor of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants.	4-amino-5-hexynoic acid, a suicide inactivator of the mammalian pyridoxal phosphate-dependent 4-aminobutyric acid:2-oxoglutaric acid aminotransferase, inhibits phytochrome and chlorophyll synthesis in developing oat (avena sativa l.), corn (zea mays l.), pea (pisum sativum l.), and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings. in avena and cucumis seedlings, respectively, inhibition of phytochrome and chlorophyll accumulation by 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid can be significantly reversed by application of ...	1988	16666377
competency for graviresponse in the leaf-sheath pulvinus of avena sativa: onset to loss.	the development of the leaf-sheath pulvinus of oat (avena sativa l. cv. victory) was studied in terms of its competency to respond to gravistimulation. stages of onset of competency, maximum competency and loss of competency were identified, using the length of the supertending internode as a developmental marker. during the early phases in the onset of competency, the latency period between stimulus and graviresponse decreased and the steady state response rate increased significantly. when ful ...	1988	11538847
rapid transcriptional regulation by phytochrome of the genes for phytochrome and chlorophyll a/b-binding protein in avena sativa.	we have examined phytochrome-regulated transcription of phytochrome (phy) and chlorophyll a/b binding protein (cab) genes in dark-grown avena seedlings by using run-on transcription in isolated nuclei. kinetic analysis of phy transcription following pulse-light treatments to produce various amounts of pfr, the active form of phytochrome, leads to these conclusions. (i) transcription decreases rapidly (discernible within 5 min) after pfr formation, reaching an essentially undetectable level by 1 ...	1988	2463467
potentials for exploiting allelopathy to enhance crop production.	strategies for utilizing allelopathy as an aid in crop production include both avoidance and application protocols. there are immediate opportunities for management of weed and crop residues, tillage practices, and crop sequences to minimize crop losses from allelopathy and also to use allelopathic crops for weed control. varieties of grain and forage sorghums (sorghum spp.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), oats (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum sativum l.),rye (secale cereale l.), and others ...	1988	24277097
photoprotection of phytochrome.	high-fluence-rate white light is shown to retard the degradation of phytochrome in etiolated seedlings of four different species: amaranthus caudatus, phaseolus radiatus (mung bean), pisum sativum (garden pea), and avena sativa (oat). in amaranthus, a high photon fluence rate (approx. 1000 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1)) preserved nearly 50% of the total phytochrome over a period of 5 h; at 3 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1), less than 8% remained over the same period. kinetics of the loss of total phytochrome could ...	1988	24221928
chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases in the apoplastic compartment of oat leaves (avena sativa l.).	to isolate chitinases and beta-1,3-glucanases from the intercellular space of oats (avena sativa l.), primary leaves were infiltrated with buffer and subjected to gentle centrifugation to obtain intercellular washing fluid (iwf). approximately 5% of the chitinase and 10% of the beta-1,3-glucanase activity of the whole leaf were released. only small amounts (0.01-0.03%) of the intracellular marker malate-dehydrogenase were released into the iwf during infiltration. activities of chitinase and bet ...	1988	16666294
molecular features affecting the biological activity of the host-selective toxins from cochliobolus victoriae.	the structures of the toxins produced by cochliobolus victoriae, victorin b, c, d, e, and victoricine, have recently been established. these toxins and modified forms of victorin c were tested for their effect on dark co(2) fixation in susceptible oat (avena sativa) leaf slices. half-maximal inhibition of dark co(2) fixation occurred with the native toxins in the range of 0.004 to 0.546 micromolar. an essential component for the inhibitory activity of victorin is the glyoxylic acid residue, part ...	1988	16666275
regulation of electrogenic proton pumping by auxin and fusicoccin as related to the growth of avena coleoptiles.	the temporal relations between early responses to indoleacetic acid (iaa), proton secretion, hyperpolarization of the membrane potential, and growth change during the incubation of segments of oat (avena sativa l.) coleoptiles in a low salt medium. when iaa is added after pretreatment of several hours, proton secretion increases after a latency of 7 minutes and reaches its maximum 10 to 15 minutes later. this timing coincides with both the increase in growth of the segments and the hyperpolariza ...	1988	16666253
subcellular compartmentation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in oat mesophyll cells.	evacuolated mesophyll protoplasts from oat (avena sativa l.) were fractionated by a membrane-filtration technique. this method of rapid quenching of metabolic reactions permitted estimation of the in-vivo pools of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (fru2,6bisp) in the cytosol, chloroplasts and mitochondria. vacuolar fru2,6bisp was calculated as the difference between control protoplasts and evacuolated ones. the results indicate that fru2,6bisp is exclusively cytosol-located in oat mesophyll protoplasts. ...	1988	24221713
respiration of mitochondria isolated from leaves and protoplasts of avena sativa.	mitochondria isolated from mesophyll protoplasts differed from mitochondria isolated directly from leaves of avena sativa in that protoplast mitochondria (a) had a lower overall respiratory capacity, (b) were less able to use low concentrations of exogenous nadh, (c) did not respond rapidly or strongly to added nad, (d) appeared to accumulate more oxaloacetate, and (e) oxidized both succinate and tetramethyl-p-phenylene-diamine (an electron donor for cytochrome oxidase) more slowly than did leaf ...	1988	16666211
molecular characterization of oat seed globulins.	we have isolated full-length cdna clones that encode oat (avena sativa) seed storage globulin mrnas from a cdna library in the expression vector lambda gtll. the longest of these clones, pog2, has an 1840-base pair insert that encodes a complete precursor subunit with a signal peptide of 24 amino acids followed by an acidic polypeptide of 293 amino acids and a basic polypeptide of 201 amino acids. near the c terminus of the acidic polypeptide are four repeats of a highly conserved, glutamine-ric ...	1988	16666210
utilization of microbial siderophores in iron acquisition by oat.	iron uptake by oat (avena sativa cv victory) was examined under hydroponic chemical conditions that required direct utilization of microbial siderophores for iron transport. measurements of iron uptake rates by excised roots from the hydroxamate siderophores, ferrichrome, ferrichrome a, coprogen, ferrioxamine b (fob), and rhodotorulic acid (ra) showed all five of the siderophores supplied iron, but that fob and ra were preferentially utilized. fob-mediated iron uptake increased four-fold when ro ...	1988	16666207
elimination of the adverse effects of urea fertilizer on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil.	the rapidly increasing importance of urea fertilizer in world agriculture has stimulated research to find methods of reducing the problems associated with the use of this fertilizer. one of these problems is that urea has adverse effects on seed germination, seedling growth, and early plant growth in soil. because there is evidence that these adverse effects are caused largely, if not entirely, by ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea fertilizer by soil urease, we explored the possibility ...	1988	16593951
subcellular localization of proteases in developing leaves of oats (avena sativa l.).	the distribution and subcellular localization of the two major proteases present in oat (avena sativa l. cv victory) leaves was investigated. both the acidic protease, active at ph 4.5, and the neutral protease, active at ph 7.5, are soluble enzymes; a few percent of the enzyme activity was ionically bound or loosely associated with organellar structures sedimenting at 1000g. on the average, 16% of the acidic protease could be washed out of the intercellular space of the leaf. since isolated pro ...	1988	16666179
characteristics of photosynthate partitioning during chloroplast development in avena leaves.	the first leaves (40 millimeters long) of 4-day-old light-grown avena sativa l. cv victory i seedlings contained a complete age sequence of cells from the base to the tip, and within these tissues all stages of chloroplast development could be observed. although chloroplasts underwent progressive development, a marked increase in number of thylakoids per granum, in chloroplast volume, and in chlorophyll content occurred in the region between 20 and 30 millimeters from the base. photosynthetic co ...	1988	16666164
inhibition of phytochrome synthesis by the transaminase inhibitor, 4-amino-5-fluoropentanoic acid.	gardner and gorton (1985 plant physiol 77: 540-543) demonstrated that the transaminase inhibitor gabaculine (5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadienyl-carboxylic acid) inhibits the initial synthesis and resynthesis of spectrophotometrically detectable phytochrome in vivo. another mechanism-based transaminase inhibitor, 4-amino-5-fluoropentanoic acid (afpa), is examined in this report for its effects on phytochrome synthesis in developing etiolated seedlings. preemergence treatment with afpa was found to inhib ...	1988	16666131
modifications of sulfhydryl groups on phytochrome and their influence on physicochemical differences between the red- and far-red-absorbing forms.	phytochrome extracted from shoots of dark-grown rye (secale cereale cv rymin) and oat (avena sativa cv garry) as the far-red-form (pfr) and/or under conditions conducive to oxidation exhibited a blue shift in the visible absorption maximum of its red-light-absorbing form (pr) relative to that measured in vivo. this spectral alteration could not be reversed but could be prevented by inclusion of 10 millimolar diethyldithiocarbamate and 140 millimolar 2-mercaptoethanol in homogenization buffers. s ...	1988	16666102
dissipation of ph gradients in tonoplast vesicles and liposomes by mixtures of acridine orange and anions: implications for the use of acridine orange as a ph probe.	acridine orange altered the response to anions of both atp and in-organic pyrophosphate-dependent ph gradient formation in tonoplast vesicles isolated from oat (avena sativa l.) roots and red beet (beta vulgaris l.) storage tissue. when used as a fluorescent ph probe in the presence of i(-), clo(3) (-), no(3) (-), br(-), or scn(-), acridine orange reported lower ph gradients than either quinacrine or [(14)c]methylamine. acridine orange, but not quinacrine, reduced [(14)c]methylamine accumulation ...	1988	16666073
cytochemical localization of atpase activity in oat roots localizes a plasma membrane-associated soluble phosphatase, not the proton pump.	cytochemical techniques employing lead-precipitation of enzymically released inorganic phosphate have been widely used in attempts to localize the plasma membrane proton pump (h(+)-atpase) in electron micrographs. using avena sativa root tissue we have performed a side-by-side comparison of atpase activity observed in electron micrographs with that observed in in vitro assays using atpases found in the soluble and plasma membrane fractions of homogenates. cytochemical analysis of oat roots, whic ...	1988	16665998
n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding proteolipid of the vacuolar h+-atpase from oat roots.	the inhibitor n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (dccd) was used to probe the structure and function of the vacuolar h+-translocating atpase from oat roots (avena sativa var. lang). the second-order rate constant for dccd inhibition was inversely related to the concentration of membrane, indicating that dccd reached the inhibitory site by concentrating in the hydrophobic environment. [14c]dccd preferentially labeled a 16-kda polypeptide of tonoplast vesicles, and the amount of [14c]dccd bound to the ...	1988	2891708
rapid elicitation of second messengers by nanomolar doses of triacontanol and octacosanol.	triacontanol (tria) increases the dry weight and alters the metabolism of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings within 10 min of application to either the shoots or roots. this activity is prevented if octacosanol (octa, c28 primary alcohol) is applied with the tria on the roots or shoots. triacontanol activity is also stopped if the octa is applied at least 1 min before the tria on the opposite part of the seedling.triacontanol rapidly elicits a second messenger that moves rapidly throughout the pla ...	1988	24226183
reduction of net photosynthesis in oats after treatment with low concentrations of ozone.	oats (avena sativa l. cv titus) were exposed to low concentrations of o3 in an assimilation chamber system. net photosynthesis (net co2 uptake), measured before and after o3 fumigation, showed significantly different responses for leaves of different age. the oldest active leaf was the most sensitive to o3. net photosynthesis was depressed after 2 h with 0.075 ppm (150 microg m(-3)) o3. for leaves exposed to 0.150 ppm (300 microg m(-3)) o3 for 2 h, net photosynthesis was reduced significantly fo ...	1988	15092555
altered growth response to exogenous auxin and gibberellic acid by gravistimulation in pulvini of avena sativa.	pulvini of excised segments from oats (avena sativa l. cv victory) were treated unilaterally with indoleacetic acid (iaa) or gibberellic acid (ga3) with or without gravistimulation to assess the effect of gravistimulation on hormone action. optimum pulvinus elongation growth (millimeters) and segment curvature (degrees) over 24 hours were produced by 100 micromolar iaa in vertical segments. the curvature response to iaa at levels greater than 100 micromolar, applied to the lower sides of gravist ...	1988	11537872
revision of the theory of phototropism in plants: a new interpretation of a classical experiment.	went's classical experiment on the diffusion of auxin activity from unilaterally illuminated oat coleoptile tips (went 1928), was repeated as precisely as possible. in agreement with went's data with theavena curvature assay, the agar blocks from the illuminated side of oat (avena sativa l. cv. victory) coleoptile tips had, on an average, 38% of the auxin activity of those from the shaded side. however, determination of the absolute amounts of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in the agar blocks, using ...	1989	24213051
characterization of a polyphosphoinositide phospholipase c from the plasma membrane of avena sativa.	a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c activity was identified in oat root (avena sativa, cv victory) plasma membranes purified by separation in an aqueous two-phase polymer system. the enzyme is highly active toward inositol phospholipids but only minimally active toward phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. activity approaches maximal levels at 200 micromolar phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (pip) and is highly dependent on calcium; it is inhibited by 1 millimolar egta and is ...	1989	16667176
diclofop-methyl increases the proton permeability of isolated oat-root tonoplast.	diclofop-methyl (methyl ester of 2-[4-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propionate; 100 micromolar) and diclofop (100 micromolar) inhibited both atp- and ppi-dependent formation of h(+) gradients by tonoplast vesicles isolated from oat (avena sativa l., cv dal) roots. diclofop-methyl (1 micromolar) significantly reduced the steady-state h(+) gradient generated in the presence of atp. the ester (diclofop-methyl) was more inhibitory than the free acid (diclofop) at ph 7.4, but this relative activity ...	1989	16667096
analysis of avenin proteins and the expression of their mrnas in developing oat seeds.	we have isolated and characterized cdna clones encoding avenins, the prolamine storage proteins of oat seeds. sequence analysis shows that avenins are a related group of polypeptides and that their mrnas differ from each other by point mutations and small insertions and deletions. avenin proteins have structural homology to the alpha/beta-gliadins and gamma-gliadins of wheat, the b-hordeins of barley, and the gamma-secalins of rye. hybridization analysis of dna from various diploid, tetraploid, ...	1989	2535531
in vitro selection for 2,4-d tolerance in red clover.	in vitro, selection is a viable method of selecting herbicide-tolerant crops. this research was to evaluate in vitro selection techniques for enhancing 2,4-d [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] tolerance in red clover (trifolium pratense l.). in vivo and in vitro responses to 2,4-d of eight diverse red clover populations were correlated (r=0.77), justifying in vitro selection for 2,4-d tolerance. suspension cultures of a red clover genotype capable of regeneration were plated onto agar-based nut ...	1989	24227154
selective delipidation of the plasma membrane by surfactants : enrichment of sterols and activation of atpase.	the influence of plasma membrane lipid components on the activity of the h(+)-atpase has been studied by determining the effect of surfactants on membrane lipids and atpase activity of oat (avena sativa l.) root plasma membrane vesicles purified by a two-phase partitioning procedure. triton x-100, at 25 to 1 (weight/weight) triton to plasma membrane protein, an amount that causes maximal activation of the atpase in the atpase assay, extracted 59% of the membrane protein but did not solubilize th ...	1989	16666960
beta-d-glucan antibodies inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation and changes in the cell wall of zea coleoptile segments.	antiserum was raised against the avena sativa l. caryopsis beta-d-glucan fraction with an average molecular weight of 1.5 x 10(4). polyclonal antibodies recovered from the serum after protein a-sepharose column chromatography precipitated when cross-reacted with high molecular weight (1-->3), (1-->4)-beta-d-glucans. these antibodies were effective in suppression of cell wall autohydrolytic reactions and auxin-induced decreases in noncellulosic glucose content of the cell wall of maize (zea mays ...	1989	16666935
intracellular protein phosphorylation in oat (avena sativa l.) protoplasts by phytochrome action. 1. measurement of action spectra for the protein phosphorylation.	the effects of red light and wavelength dependency of the protein phosphorylation in oat protoplasts were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. red light (660 nm) irradiation of the protoplasts increased the phosphorylation of 15 different proteins, and the phosphorylation of 2 proteins (27 kda, 32 kda) out of 15 were observed to be dependent on the wavelength of the irradiating light. the phosphorylation densities of these two proteins in ...	1989	2751674