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anthelmintic efficacy of five tropical native australian plants against haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in experimentally infected goats (capra hircus).the study of the anthelmintic properties of plants rich in plant secondary metabolites can provide ecologically sound methods for the treatment of parasites on grazing animals. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of five tropical native australian plant species rich in plant secondary metabolites on adult haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus colubriformis in experimentally infected goats. thirty young, nematode-free goats were infected with 2500 h. conto ...201222265804
genetic variation in puccinia graminis collected from oats, rye, and barberry.puccinia graminis, the causal agent of stem rust, was collected from its alternate host barberry (berberis spp.) and two different uredinial hosts, oats (avena sativa) and rye (secale cereale). the samples were analyzed using 11 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. there were large differences between fungal populations on oats (p. graminis f. sp. avenae) and rye (p. graminis f. sp. secalis), and the genetic variation within the different formae speciales was also high. it was possi ...201222734559
growth response of avena sativa in amino-acids-rich soils converted from phenol-contaminated soils by corynebacterium glutamicum.the biodegradation of phenol in laboratory-contaminated soil was investigated using the gram-positive soil bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum. this study showed that the phenol degradation caused by c. glutamicum was greatly enhanced by the addition of 1% yeast extract. from the toxicity test using daphnia magna, the soil did not exhibit any hazardous effects after the phenol was removed using c. glutamicum. additionally, the treatment of the phenolcontaminated soils with c. glutamicum increas ...201222534303
designing photoswitchable peptides using the aslov2 domain.photocontrol of functional peptides is a powerful tool for spatial and temporal control of cell signaling events. we show that the genetically encoded light-sensitive lov2 domain of avena sativa phototropin 1 (aslov2) can be used to reversibly photomodulate the affinity of peptides for their binding partners. sequence analysis and molecular modeling were used to embed two peptides into the jα helix of the aslov2 domain while maintaining aslov2 structure in the dark but allowing for binding to ef ...201222520757
tulips: tunable, light-controlled interacting protein tags for cell biology.naturally photoswitchable proteins offer a means of directly manipulating the formation of protein complexes that drive a diversity of cellular processes. we developed tunable light-inducible dimerization tags (tulips) based on a synthetic interaction between the lov2 domain of avena sativa phototropin 1 (aslov2) and an engineered pdz domain (epdz). tulips can recruit proteins to diverse structures in living yeast and mammalian cells, either globally or with precise spatial control using a steer ...201222388287
insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides in diets for weaned piglets.to examine the effect of inclusion insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides (insp) in weaned diets on postweaning piglet performance, intestinal activity, and microbial composition 2 experiments were designed. in exp. 1, 180 piglets were weaned at 28 d of age and divided over 3 treatments: positive control (pc; highly digestible protein), negative control (nc; standard cereal-based diet), and an experimental diet {insp; standard + 15% insp [wheat straw and oat (avena sativa) hull]}. diets were fed du ...201223365366
phytase improves apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus and calcium in piglets fed diets with adequate or reduced phosphorus content.the effect of a thermotolerant 6-phytase produced by trichoderma reesei on performance and apparent total tract digestibility (attd) of p and ca was evaluated in 192 weaned piglets (randomized block design; 16 replicates; 2 piglets each). diets based on wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare), oat (avena sativa), soybean (glycine max) meal, and whey protein with adequate [positive control (pc)] or reduced [negative control (nc)] ca and p levels were fed for 46 d after weaning. the pc ...201223365327
antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of frequently consumed cereal grains using in vitro test models.the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts obtained from eight varieties (faikbey, y-1779, ci-8357, cheokota, seydişehir, y-330, sivas and yvd-18) of oat (avena sativa l.), one variety (larende) of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), one variety (tatlicak 97) of triticale (triticale sp.) and one rye variety (aslim 95) (secale cereale l.) were investigated for their antioxidant effects in seven test systems. anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa ...201222149516
molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene eg-3 in cultivated oat (avena sativa l. cv. rollo).powdery mildew is a prevalent fungal disease affecting oat (avena sativa l.) production in europe. common oat cultivar rollo was previously shown to carry the powdery mildew resistance gene eg-3 in common with cultivar mostyn. the resistance gene was mapped with restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers from triticeae group-1 chromosomes using a population of f(3) lines from a cross between a. byzantina cv. kanota and a. sativa cv. rollo. this comparative mapping approach positione ...201222125160
wood pellet fly ash and bottom ash as an effective liming agent and nutrient source for rye grass (lolium perenne l.) and oats (avena sativa).fly ash (fa) and bottom ash (ba) from a softwood pellet boiler were characterized and evaluated as soil amendments. in a greenhouse study, two plant species (rye grass, lolium perenne l. and oats, avena sativa) were grown in three different treatments (1% fa, 1% ba, non-amended control) of a silty loam soil. total concentrations of plant nutrients ca, k, mg, p and zn in both ashes were elevated compared to conventional wood ash. concentrations of cd, cr, pb, se and zn were found to be elevated i ...201222104334
development of a model system to identify differences in spring and winter oat.our long-term goal is to develop a swedish winter oat (avena sativa). to identify molecular differences that correlate with winter hardiness, a winter oat model comprising of both non-hardy spring lines and winter hardy lines is needed. to achieve this, we selected 294 oat breeding lines, originating from various russian, german, and american winter oat breeding programs and tested them in the field in south- and western sweden. by assaying for winter survival and agricultural properties during ...201222253782
light qualities and dose influence ascorbate pool size in detached oat leaves.in this work, we studied the mechanism of light influence on asa pool size in avena sativa l. under the effects of low intensity light at different wavelengths. exposure to low intensity light of oat leaf segments incubated in water or in l-galactono-1,4-lactone (gl), resulted in an increase in asa content compared with the dark control. this increase was due to modulation of l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (gldh; ec 1.3.2.3) light-dependent activity and was dependent on the size of the en ...201222195578
safety and efficacy of personal care products containing colloidal oatmeal.colloidal oatmeal is a natural ingredient used in the formulation of a range of personal care products for relief of skin dryness and itchiness. it is also used as an adjunctive product in atopic dermatitis. the safety of personal care products used on vulnerable skin is of particular importance and the risk of developing further skin irritations and/or allergies should be minimized.201223204849
molecular characterization of phospholipids by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with an evaporative light scattering detector, high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography combined with a flame ionization detector in different oat varieties.oat (avena sativa l.) is an important crop produced in various regions of europe and north america. oat lipids are a heterogeneous mixture of acyl lipids and unsaponifiable components. the neutral lipids are mainly triacylglycerols and account for 50-60% of total oat lipids. oat oil is also rich in polar lipids, that is, phospholipids and glycolipids. characterization of oat polar lipids has largely been performed by thin-layer chromatography (tlc), but the composition of phospholipid classes ha ...201223061991
revised structures of avenacosides a and b and a new sulfated saponin from avena sativa l.the revised structures of avenacosides a and b and a new sulfated steroidal saponin isolated from grains of avena sativa l. were elucidated. their structures and complete nmr assignments are based on 1d and 2d nmr studies and identified as nuatigenin 3-o-{α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside}-26-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), nuatigenin 3-o-{α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside}-26-o-β-d-glucopyranoside ...201222972708
genome-wide association study for oat (avena sativa l.) beta-glucan concentration using germplasm of worldwide origin.detection of quantitative trait loci (qtl) controlling complex traits followed by selection has become a common approach for selection in crop plants. the qtl are most often identified by linkage mapping using experimental f(2), backcross, advanced inbred, or doubled haploid families. an alternative approach for qtl detection are genome-wide association studies (gwas) that use pre-existing lines such as those found in breeding programs. we explored the implementation of gwas in oat (avena sativa ...201222865125
[three case reports of the use of herbal combinations resulted in stent thrombosis: herbal combinations; friend or foe?].nowadays, herbal combinations are commonly used in turkey and around the world. in particular, an herbal combination including tribulus terrestris (tt), avena sativa (as), and panax ginseng (pg), which may be effective in treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, is used by patients with coronary artery disease. in this paper, we will report three cases with coronary stents who were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome while using this herbal combination of tt, as and pg together with anti- ...201222864325
[a sudden rise in inr due to combination of tribulus terrestris, avena sativa, and panax ginseng (clavis panax)].warfarin sodium is an antithrombin agent used in patients with prosthetic valve and atrial fibrillation. however, there are many factors that can change the effectiveness of the drug. today, herbal mixtures promoted through targeted print and visual media can lead to sudden activity changes in patients using warfarin. in this case report we will present two cases with a sudden rise in inr due to using combination of tribulus terrestris, avena sativa and panax ginseng (panax clavis). two patients ...201222864323
targeting sources of drought tolerance within an avena spp. collection through multivariate approaches.in this study, we find and characterize the sources of tolerance to drought amongst an oat (avena sativa l.) germplasm collection of 174 landraces and cultivars. we used multivariate analysis, non-supervised principal component analyses (pca) and supervised discriminant function analyses (dfa) to suggest the key mechanism/s responsible for coping with drought stress. following initial assessment of drought symptoms and area under the drought progress curve, a subset of 14 accessions were selecte ...201222824964
lactose in diet influences the degradation of mixed linked β(1-3;1-4)-d-glucan in the small intestine of pigs.the objective was to study the cause of variation in digestibility of mixed linked β(1-3;1-4)-d-glucan (β-glucan) in the small intestine of growing pigs. the β-glucan is an important cell wall [dietary fiber (df)] component of the endosperm of barley (hordeum vulgare) and oats (avena sativa). the digestibility of β-glucan in the small intestine from both cereals is among the highest of all df components, but in 1 study with oat-based diets it was lower (p < 0.001) than in other studies. in this ...201223365304
effect of feeding different cereal-based diets on the performance and gut health of weaned piglets with or without previous access to creep feed during lactation.a trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of different cereals on the performance, gut mucosa, and microbiota of weanling pigs with or without previous access to creep feed during lactation. a total of 108 newly weaned pigs (7.4 kg bw; 26 d of age; half with and half without creep feed) were used. piglets were distributed by bw into 36 pens according to a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement of treatments with previous access to creep feed (with or without) and cereal source in the experimental diet [ ...201223365275
effect of feeding piglets with different extruded and nonextruded cereals on the gut mucosa and microbiota during the first postweaning week.two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of different cereals in piglet diets on the jejunal mucosa and the ileal and cecal microbiota during the first postweaning days. in trial 1, 48 newly weaned pigs (7.95 kg bw; 26 d of age) were individually housed and distributed among 3 experimental diets containing white rice (oryza sativa), naked oats (avena sativa), or barley (hordeum vulgare) as the cereal source. at the start of the trial (weaning; day 0), 12 piglets were slaughtered and samp ...201223365267
in vitro inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase activity of subfractions from ethanol extracts of fermented oats (avena sativa l.) and synergistic effect of three phenolic acids.the purpose of the present work is to study the pancreatic lipase inhibitory effects of different subfractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate (ea), n-butanol, and water) from ethanol extracts of nonfermented and fungi-fermented oats and to delineate the interactions of three primary phenolic acids in the ea subfractions. the ea subfraction showed the highest inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase activity at 1.5 mg/ml compared to the other subfractions, regardless of whether the oats were fermented. m ...201222765648
chronic effects of a wild green oat extract supplementation on cognitive performance in older adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.preliminary evaluation of a wild green oat extract (wgoe) (neuravena(®) elfa(®)955, frutarom, switzerland) revealed an acute cognitive benefit of supplementation. this study investigated whether regular daily wgoe supplementation would result in sustained cognitive improvements.201222690320
individual maize chromosomes in the c(3) plant oat can increase bundle sheath cell size and vein density.c(4) photosynthesis has evolved in at least 66 lineages within the angiosperms and involves alterations to the biochemistry, cell biology, and development of leaves. the characteristic "kranz" anatomy of most c(4) leaves was discovered in the 1890s, but the genetic basis of these traits remains poorly defined. oat × maize addition lines allow the effects of individual maize (zea mays; c(4)) chromosomes to be investigated in an oat (avena sativa; c(3)) genetic background. here, we have determined ...201222675083
integrated approach to assessing the effects of soils polluted with heavy metals on a plant population.this study addresses the effects of soil polluted with more than one heavy metal in a grass species. a 16-week bioassay with avena sativa l. was conducted in microcosms using soils from two abandoned mines in central spain that contained levels above world health organization (who) reference limits for soils of more than three heavy metals. pollution effects were examined at cell, tissue, organ, plant and population levels. for this purpose, dry weight, maximum height and number of leaves were d ...201222623112
controlling the dna cleavage activity of light-inducible chimeric endonucleases by bidirectional photoactivation.a functional coupling of photosensory domains derived from photoreceptors to effector proteins is a promising strategy for engineering novel photoresponsive proteins in optogenetics. here, we have fused the light-sensitive lov2 domain from avena sativa phototropin1 to the restriction enzyme pvuii to generate a genetically encoded, light-controllable endonuclease. by analyzing several lov-pvuii fusion enzymes, variants were obtained that show a 3-fold difference in dna cleavage activity, when ill ...201222559722
proteins in oats; their synthesis and changes during germination: a review.oats (avena sativa l.) are distinct among cereals due to their considerably higher protein concentration. at the same time oats possess a protein quality of high nutritional value and a special protein composition. most cereals like wheat, barley, and rye have a high percentage of prolamins, the alcohol-soluble fraction, which usually contains most of the storage proteins, but oats are an exception. their major storage proteins belong to the salt-water soluble globulin fraction, whereas oats pro ...201222530714
designing chimeric lov photoswitches.the lov domain from avena sativa has a c-terminal (jα) helix that dissociates and unfolds when the protein is exposed to blue light. using computational protein design methods, lungu et al., in this issue of chemistry & biology, created chimeric jα sequences that show photo-controlled interactions with chosen targets.201222520749
semifield testing of a bioremediation tool for atrazine-contaminated soils: evaluating the efficacy on soil and aquatic compartments.the present study evaluated the bioremediation efficacy of a cleanup tool for atrazine-contaminated soils (pseudomonas sp. adp plus citrate [p. adp + cit]) at a semifield scale, combining chemical and ecotoxicological information. three experiments representing worst-case scenarios of atrazine contamination for soil, surface water (due to runoff), and groundwater (due to leaching) were performed in laboratory simulators (100 × 40 × 20 cm). for each experiment, three treatments were set up: biore ...201222504825
a novel computer simulation method for simulating the multiscale transduction dynamics of signal proteins.signal proteins are able to adapt their response to a change in the environment, governing in this way a broad variety of important cellular processes in living systems. while conventional molecular-dynamics (md) techniques can be used to explore the early signaling pathway of these protein systems at atomistic resolution, the high computational costs limit their usefulness for the elucidation of the multiscale transduction dynamics of most signaling processes, occurring on experimental timescal ...201222462840
an updated doubled haploid oat linkage map and qtl mapping of agronomic and grain quality traits from canadian field trials.the first doubled haploid oat linkage map constructed at mtt agrifood research finland was supplemented with additional microsatellites and diversity array technology (dart) markers to produce a map containing 1058 dna markers and 34 linkage groups. the map was used to locate quantitative trait loci (qtls) for 11 important breeding traits analyzed from finnish and canadian field trials. the new markers enabled most of the linkage groups to be anchored to the 'kanota' × 'ogle' oat ( avena sativa ...201222443510
solid-state nmr spectroscopic study of chromophore-protein interactions in the pr ground state of plant phytochrome a.despite extensive study, the molecular structure of the chromophore-binding pocket of phytochrome a (phya), the principal photoreceptor controlling photomorphogenesis in plants, has not yet been successfully resolved. here, we report a series of two-dimensional (2-d) magic-angle spinning solid-state nmr experiments on the recombinant n-terminal, 65-kda pas-gaf-phy light-sensing module of phytochrome a3 from oat (avena sativa), assembled with uniformly 13c- and 15n-labeled phycocyanobilin (u-[13c ...201222419823
characterization of chromosome-specific genomic dna from hexaploid oat.we have sequenced, assembled, and characterized a set of complexity-reduced genomic clones derived from a chromosome 18d-specific library from hexaploid oat ( avena sativa l.). sequences from 314 clones were assembled into 99 contigs of identical or nearly identical sequence. the censor tool was used to identify similarity to known and characterized repeat sequences in repbase. eight repeat classes were scattered throughout 50 contigs, with most repeats belonging to seven transposon and retrotra ...201222414159
substrate specificity screening of oat (avena sativa) seeds aminopeptidase demonstrate unusually broad tolerance in s1 pocket.aminopeptidases are proteolytic enzymes that remove one amino acid at a time from n-terminus of peptidic substrates. in plants, inhibitors of aminopeptidases can find potential applications in agriculture as herbicides. in this report we have used a library of fluorogenic derivatives of natural and unnatural amino acids for substrate specificity profiling of oat (avena sativa) aminopeptidase. interestingly, we have found that this enzyme recognizes effectively among the natural amino acids basic ...201222366636
hydration and pasting properties of oat (avena sativa) flour.three oat cultivars and one oat breeding line were evaluated for chemical, hydration and pasting properties. protein, starch and β-glucan levels ranged 11.13∼14.37, 56.37∼64.86 and 3.44∼4.76%, respectively. the oat cultivars daeyang and seonyang contained higher β-glucan levels of 4.76 and 4.35%. the daeyang variety had a higher water absorption index (wai) of 2.83∼3.35 (g/g), but a lower water solubility index (wsi) of 8.67 ∼11.08%. daeyang and seonyang cultivars showed higher peak and trough v ...201224471068
duplication and diversification of the leafy hull sterile1 and oryza sativa mads5 sepallata lineages in graminoid poales.gene duplication and the subsequent divergence in function of the resulting paralogs via subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization is hypothesized to have played a major role in the evolution of plant form. the leafy hull sterile1 (lhs1) sepallata (sep) genes have been linked with the origin and diversification of the grass spikelet, but it is uncertain 1) when the duplication event that produced the lhs1 clade and its paralogous lineage oryza sativa mads5 (osm5) occurred, and 2) how chan ...201222340849
isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite markers for avena sativa (poaceae) (oat).a new set of microsatellite primers was developed for avena sativa and characterized to assess the level of genetic diversity among cultivars and wild genotypes.201222275767
signaling pathway of a photoactivable rac1-gtpase in the early stages.in modern life- and medical-sciences major efforts are currently concentrated on creating artificial photoenzymes, consisting of light- oxygen-voltage-sensitive (lov) domains fused to a target enzyme. such protein constructs possess great potential for controlling the cell metabolism as well as gene function upon light stimulus. this has recently been impressively demonstrated by designing a novel artificial fusion protein, connecting the aslov2-jα-photosensor from avena sativa with the rac1-gtp ...201222275005
effect of concentrate supplementation on feed consumption, nutrient utilization and blood metabolite profile in captive spotted deer (axis axis) fed oat (avena sativa) and berseem (trifolium alexandrinum) fodders based diet.this experiment was conducted to determine the optimum level of a maize-soybean meal-wheat bran concentrate supplement fed to captive spotted deer fed an oat and berseem fodder-based diet. twelve adult spotted deer [64-76 kg body weight (bw)] were distributed into three groups of four each and were housed individually. a diet consisting of 5 kg of oat fodder and 5.5 kg of berseem fodder was offered to each one of the experimental animals. the animal in group i received no supplementary concentra ...201323349033
histological analysis and 3d reconstruction of winter cereal crowns recovering from freezing: a unique response in oat (avena sativa l.).the crown is the below ground portion of the stem of a grass which contains meristematic cells that give rise to new shoots and roots following winter. to better understand mechanisms of survival from freezing, a histological analysis was performed on rye, wheat, barley and oat plants that had been frozen, thawed and allowed to resume growth under controlled conditions. extensive tissue disruption and abnormal cell structure was noticed in the center of the crown of all 4 species with relatively ...201323341944
study on the sensitivity of three oat varieties to the saddle gall midge, haplodiplosis margina ta (von roser) (diptera: cecidomyiidae).the saddle gall midge, haplodiplosis marginota (von roser, 1840) is a univoltine pest of cereals which occurs in europe. the larvae feed on stems and attractive saddle-shaped depressions, driving to important yield losses when the galls are numerous. after 40 years without any reporting, large populations of h. marginata and important damage have been observed since 2010 in wheat crops in belgium, especially in the flemish polders where clay soils and intensive farming of cereals favour heavy in ...201325145247
dynamics of the chemical composition and productivity of composts for the cultivation of agaricus bisporus strains.two compost formulations based on oat straw (avena sativa) and brachiaria (brachiaria sp.) were tested for the cultivation of three agaricus bisporus strains (abi-07/06, abi-05/03, and pb-1). the experimental design was a 2 × 3 factorial scheme (composts × strains) with 6 treatments and 8 repetitions (boxes containing 12 kg of compost). the chemical characterization of the compost (humidity, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, ph, raw protein, ethereal extract, fibers, ash, cellulose, hemicellulos ...201324688503
characterization of oats (avena sativa l.) cultivars using machine vision.machine vision or image analysis is an important tool in the study of morphology of any materials. this technique has been used successfully to differentiate the eleven oats cultivars based on morphological characters. the geometry of seeds was measured through image analyzer and the variation was observed and recorded. from the recorded data, the cluster analysis was carried out and it revealed that the cultivars could be grouped into two main clusters based on similarity in the measured parame ...201324506019
effect of oat consumption on lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic adults.hypercholesterolemia is a strong risk factor in cardiovascular disease. oat (avena sativa l.) beta-glucan, the soluble fiber in oat, has been known to reduce blood cholesterol levels considerably. however, the effect of oat soluble fiber in the thai population is unknown.201324851570
differential speed of activation in antioxidant system in three oat genotypes.the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the oxidative stress caused by aluminum (al) toxicity is a symptom that can trigger root growth inhibition in oat genotype seedlings. oat seedlings were grown in a nutrient solution (ph 4.0) with 0 and 370 μm al. at 12, 24, and 36 h after al addition, growth (root length) and biochemical parameters (catalase - cat, ascorbate peroxidase - apx, and superoxide dismutase - sod activities, lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid (asa) and non-protein thio ...201323998202
ecotoxicity of climbazole, a fungicide contained in antidandruff shampoo.emerging pollutants such as personal care products can reach the environment via effluents from wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) and digested sludge. only recently, the antidandruff agent and antimycotic climbazole was detected for the first time in a wwtp effluent with concentrations up to 0.5 µg/l. climbazole acts as a c14-demethylase inhibitor (dmi) fungicide and thus has a high efficacy against fungi, but knowledge of its potential environmental impact is lacking. therefore, the aim of th ...201323982925
investigating models of protein function and allostery with a widespread mutational analysis of a light-activated protein.to investigate the relationship between a protein's sequence and its biophysical properties, we studied the effects of more than 100 mutations in avena sativa light-oxygen-voltage domain 2, a model protein of the per-arnt-sim family. the a. sativa light-oxygen-voltage domain 2 undergoes a photocycle with a conformational change involving the unfolding of the terminal helices. whereas selection studies typically search for winners in a large population and fail to characterize many sites, we char ...201323972854
linkage mapping and identification of qtl affecting deoxynivalenol (don) content (fusarium resistance) in oats (avena sativa l.).mycotoxins caused by fusarium spp. is a major concern on food and feed safety in oats, although fusarium head blight (fhb) is often less apparent than in other small grain cereals. breeding resistant cultivars is an economic and environment-friendly way to reduce toxin content, either by the identification of resistance qtl or phenotypic evaluation. both are little explored in oats. a recombinant-inbred line population, hurdal × z595-7 (hz595, with 184 lines), was used for qtl mapping and was ph ...201323959525
rapid analysis of avenacosides in grain and husks of oats by uplc-tq-ms.avenacosides a (aa) and b (ab) as well as 26-desglucoavenacoside a (26daa) were quantified in oats using rapid and sensitive method utilising uplc-tq-ms. in the grain, aa and ab were revealed as the primary saponins, whereas in the husks, daa was predominant. inconsistent with the published data, observed concentrations of aa and ab in the grain were very similar. presumably, this is due to higher sensitivity and better selectivity of the mass spectrometry-based quantification method, thus allow ...201323870961
phytotoxicity of new furan-derived aminophosphonic acids, n-aryl furaldimines and 5-nitrofuraldimine.the aim of this work was to synthesize selected furaldimines and their aminophosphonic derivatives and evaluation the phytotoxicity of new obtained products according to oecd 208 guideline. four schiff bases, n-furfurylidene-p-anisidine (1a), n-furfurylidene-p-toluidine (1b), n-furfurylidene-benzhydrylamine (1c), and n-(2-nitrofurfurylidene)-p-toluidine (1d) were synthesized and three new furan-derived n-substituted aminomethylphosphonic acids, namely: 2-furyl n-(p-methoxyphenyl)-aminomethylphos ...201323869973
assessment of tri- and hexavalent chromium phytotoxicity on oats (avena sativa l.) biomass and content of nitrogen compounds.the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with tri- and hexavalent chromium and soil application of compost, zeolite, and cao on the mass of oats and content of nitrogen compounds in different organs of oats. the oats mass and content of nitrogen compounds in the crop depended on the type and dose of chromium and alleviating substances incorporated to soil. in the series without neutralizing substances, cr(vi), unlike cr(iii), had a negative effect on the growth ...201323853394
[acute massive pulmonary embolism in a patient using clavis panax].in recent years, the use of herbal combinations, plant extracts or food supplements has increased in our country and all over the world. however, there is not enough data to determine the effective doses of these substances in the composition of herbal preparations, or their effects on metabolism and drug interactions. with the widespread use of herbal combinations, life-threatening side effects and clinical manifestations that arise from them have been reported. herein we present a case with ac ...201323760126
sustained accurate recording of intracellular acidification in living tissues with a photo-controllable bioluminescent protein.regulation of an intracellular acidic environment plays a pivotal role in biological processes and functions. however, spatiotemporal analysis of the acidification in complex tissues of living subjects persists as an important challenge. we developed a photo-inactivatable bioluminescent indicator, based on a combination of luciferase-fragment complementation and a photoreaction of a light, oxygen, and voltage domain from avena sativa phototropin1 (lov2), to visualize temporally dynamic acidifica ...201323690604
an optogenetic tool for the activation of endogenous diaphanous-related formins induces thickening of stress fibers without an increase in contractility.we have developed an optogenetic technique for the activation of diaphanous-related formins. our approach is based on fusion of the light-oxygen-voltage 2 domain of avena sativa phototrophin1 to an isolated diaphanous autoregulatory domain from mdia1. this "caged" diaphanous auto-regulatory domain was inactive in the dark but in the presence of blue light rapidly activated endogenous diaphanous-related formins. using an f-actin reporter, we observed filopodia and lamellipodia formation as well a ...201323677607
effect of maturity at harvest on yield, chemical composition, and in situ degradability for annual cereals used for swath grazing.the objective of this study was to determine how harvest maturity of whole-crop cereals commonly used in swath grazing systems in western canada affects yield, chemical composition, and in situ digestibility. we hypothesized that the increase in yield with advancing maturity would not offset the decline in digestibility and, thus, the yield of effectively degradable dm (eddm) would decline with advanced stages of maturity. four replicate plots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.; cv. cdc cowboy), mill ...201323658356
copper speciation and isotopic fractionation in plants: uptake and translocation mechanisms.the fractionation of stable copper (cu) isotopes during uptake into plant roots and translocation to shoots can provide information on cu acquisition mechanisms. isotope fractionation ((65) cu/(63) cu) and intact tissue speciation techniques (x-ray absorption spectroscopy, xas) were used to examine the uptake, translocation and speciation of cu in strategy i (tomato-solanum lycopersicum) and strategy ii (oat-avena sativa) plant species. plants were grown in controlled solution cultures, under va ...201323600562
cover crop mulch and weed management influence arthropod communities in strip-tilled cabbage.cover crop mulch and weeds create habitat complexity in agricultural fields that may influence arthropods. under strip-tillage systems, planting rows are tilled and preestablished cover crops can remain between rows. in field experiments conducted in michigan in 2010 and 2011, a preestablished oat (avena sativa l.) cover crop was allowed to grow between rows of strip-tilled cabbage and killed at 0, 9-14, or 21-27 d after transplanting (dat). the effects of herbicide intensity and oat kill date o ...201323575020
snp discovery and chromosome anchoring provide the first physically-anchored hexaploid oat map and reveal synteny with model species.a physically anchored consensus map is foundational to modern genomics research; however, construction of such a map in oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42) has been hindered by the size and complexity of the genome, the scarcity of robust molecular markers, and the lack of aneuploid stocks. resources developed in this study include a modified snp discovery method for complex genomes, a diverse set of oat snp markers, and a novel chromosome-deficient snp anchoring strategy. these resources were a ...201323533580
nutrient intake, digestibility, and blood metabolites of goats fed diets containing processed jatropha meal.this study was conducted to record the ideal source and level of alkali treatment to treat jatropha meal (jm) and to determine the effect of inclusion of variously processed jm (pjm) on nutrient intake, digestibility, blood metabolites and hormonal status in goats. the jm was treated with 10 g/kg sodium chloride and 5 g/kg calcium hydroxide. the content of phorbol ester and hemagglutination (ha) activity of jm and pjm were assessed. a feeding trial for 90 days was conducted in short-haired multi ...201323526123
biosorption and bioreduction of copper from different copper compounds in aqueous solution.high copper concentration is toxic for living organisms including humans. biosorption is a bioremediation technique that can remove copper and other pollutants from aqueous medium and soils, consequently cleaning the environment. the aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the influence of different copper compounds (cu(ii) as cucl2; cu(ii) as cuso4; and cu(i) as cucl) on copper bioreduction and biosorption using four copper-resistant bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of two plants ...201323417495
signaling mechanisms of lov domains: new insights from molecular dynamics studies.phototropins are one of several classes of photoreceptors used by plants and algae to respond to light. these proteins contain flavin-binding lov (light-oxygen-voltage) domains that form covalent cysteine-flavin adducts upon exposure to blue light, leading to the enhancement of phototropin kinase activity. several lines of evidence suggest that adduct formation in the phototropin lov2 domains leads to the dissociation of an alpha helix (jα) from these domains as part of the light-induced activat ...201323407663
toxicity assessment for petroleum-contaminated soil using terrestrial invertebrates and plant bioassays.the assessment of soil quality after a chemical or oil spill and/or remediation effort may be measured by evaluating the toxicity of soil organisms. to enhance our understanding of the soil quality resulting from laboratory and oil field spill remediation, we assessed toxicity levels by using earthworms and springtails testing and plant growth experiments. total petroleum hydrocarbons (tph)-contaminated soil samples were collected from an oilfield in sfax, tunisia. two types of bioassays were pe ...201322773148
identification of high β-glucan oat lines and localization and chemical characterization of their seed kernel β-glucans.oat, (avena sativa) is an excellent source of mixed linkage β-glucans ((1→3)(1→4)-β-d-glucan), a dietary fibre with cholesterol lowering properties. using a mutagenized oat-population we screened 1700 different lines and identified ten lines that displayed β-glucan levels above 6.7% and 10 below 3.6%.the extreme values were 1.8% and 7.5%. we chose six lines with an increased- and four lines with a reduced β-glucan content for further study. by longitudinal- and cross-sections of seeds it was sho ...201323199994
investigation of the roles of fascioliasis and food allergy in intrahepatic eosinophilic proliferative pylephlebitis in japanese black cattle.intrahepatic eosinophilic proliferative pylephlebitis (epp) in japanese black (jb) cattle generally has been considered to be an atypical form of fascioliasis. however, there are many cases of epp in which no fasciola spp. have been detected in the livers of affected cattle. the aims of this study were to ascertain the relationship between epp and hepatic fascioliasis and to investigate the role of food allergy in the disease. histologically, epp lesions were characterised by severe endothelial ...201323131780
molecular cloning of the apoptosis-related calcium-binding protein asalg-2 in avena sativa.victorin, the host-selective toxin produced by the fungus cochliobolus victoriae, induces programmed cell death (pcd) in victorin-sensitive oat lines with characteristic features of animal apoptosis, such as mitochondrial permeability transition, chromatin condensation, nuclear dna laddering and rrna/mrna degradation. in this study, we characterized a calcium-binding protein, namely asalg-2, which might have a role in the victorin-induced pcd. asalg-2 is homologous to the apoptosis-linked gene a ...201323083467
avena sativa (oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: an overview.the aim of the present review article is to summarize the available information related to the availability, production, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and traditional uses of avena sativa to highlight its potential to contribute to human health. oats are now cultivated worldwide and form an important dietary staple for the people in number of countries. several varieties of oats are available. it is a rich source of protein, contains a number of important minerals, lipids, β-gl ...201323072529
effect of treated and untreated domestic wastewater on seed germination, seedling growth and amylase and lipase activities in avena sativa l.oats (avena sativa l.) are a potential economically viable source of lipids and starch for use in foods. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of treated and untreated urban wastewater on seed germination, growth parameters and lipase and amylase activities in a. sativa.201323070708
optimized utilization of the co-products from bioethanol processing and oat grain: effect of blending on biochemical, biodegradation, and nutritional profiles.the objective of this study was to (1) optimize the utilization of wheat-based dried distillers grains with soluble (wddgs) by blending with oat ( avena sativa l.) grain as an alternative feed for beef cattle when the barley price is high and (2) investigate the effect of blending on biochemical, biodegradation, and nutritional profiles. oat grains were blended with wddgs produced in western canada at different levels (4:0, 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 on %dm basis in two batches, denoted o0, o25, o50, and ...201324195597
feed consumption, diet digestibility and mineral utilization in captive blackbuck (antelope cervicapra) fed different levels of concentrates.a feeding trial was conducted to know the level of concentrates in the diet of antelope cervicapra at which diet digestibility and mineral utilization were optimum. fifteen blackbucks (25-33 kg bw) were distributed into three groups of five each. fresh oat (avena sativa) and berseem (trifolium alexandrinum) fodders were offered ad libitum to all the animals. in addition, animals in groups ii and iii received concentrate mixture at the rate of 0.5 and 1% of bw, whereas animals in group i received ...201322093070
interactions between chromophore and protein in phytochrome identified by novel oxa-, thia- and carba-chromophores.six new bilin chromophores of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome have been synthesized, carrying at the photoisomerizing ring d an oxygen or a sulfur atom or a methylene group instead of the pyrrole nitrogen atom. these furanone-, thiophenone- or cyclopentenone-containing compounds bound covalently to the recombinant apophytochrome phya of avena sativa. the novel chromoproteins showed hypsochromically shifted absorption spectra with respect to native phytochrome and a strongly diminished photoc ...201318363618
the myth of nitrogen fertilization for soil carbon sequestration.intensive use of n fertilizers in modern agriculture is motivated by the economic value of high grain yields and is generally perceived to sequester soil organic c by increasing the input of crop residues. this perception is at odds with a century of soil organic c data reported herein for the morrow plots, the world's oldest experimental site under continuous corn (zea mays l.). after 40 to 50 yr of synthetic fertilization that exceeded grain n removal by 60 to 190%, a net decline occurred in s ...201317965385
endogenous nitrogen excretion by red kangaroos (macropus rufus): effects of animal age and forage quality.red kangaroos (macropus rufus) are large (>20 kg) herbivorous marsupials common to arid and semiarid australia. the population dynamics of red kangaroos are linked with environmental factors, operating largely through juvenile survival. a crucial period is the young-at-foot (yaf) stage, when juveniles have permanently left the mother's pouch but still take milk from a teat in the pouch. forage quantity and quality have been implicated in drought-related mortalities of juvenile kangaroos. here we ...201316555200
primary photochemistry of the dark- and light-adapted states of the ytva protein from bacillus subtilis.the primary (100 fs to 10 ns) and secondary (10 ns to 100 μs) photodynamics in the type ii light-oxygen-voltage (lov) domain from the blue light ytva photoreceptor extracted from bacillus subtilis were explored with transient absorption spectroscopy. the photodynamics of full-length ytva were characterized after femtosecond 400 nm excitation of both the dark-adapted d447 state and the light-adapted s390 state. the s390 state relaxes on a 43 min time scale at room temperature back into d447, whic ...201324171435
regulatory mechanism of the light-activable allosteric switch lov-tap for the control of dna binding: a computer simulation study.the spatio-temporal control of gene expression is fundamental to elucidate cell proliferation and deregulation phenomena in living systems. novel approaches based on light-sensitive multiprotein complexes have recently been devised, showing promising perspectives for the noninvasive and reversible modulation of the dna-transcriptional activity in vivo. this has lately been demonstrated in a striking way through the generation of the artificial protein construct light-oxygen-voltage (lov)-tryptop ...201323042418
fluorescence imaging-based high-throughput screening of fast- and slow-cycling lov proteins.light-oxygen-voltage (lov) domains function as blue light-inducible molecular switches. the photosensory lov domains derived from plants and fungi have provided an indispensable tool for optogenetics. here we develop a high-throughput screening system to efficiently improve switch-off kinetics of lov domains. the present system is based on fluorescence imaging of thermal reversion of a flavin cofactor bound to lov domains. we conducted multi site-directed random mutagenesis of seven amino acid r ...201324367542
adaptation to acidic soil is achieved by increased numbers of cis-acting elements regulating almt1 expression in holcus lanatus.yorkshire fog (holcus lanatus), which belongs to the poaceae family and is a close relative of the agronomic crop oat (avena sativa), is a widely adaptable grass species that is able to grow on highly acidic soils with high levels of al, but the mechanism underlying the high al tolerance is unknown. here, we characterized two accessions of h. lanatus collected from an acid plot (soil ph 3.6, hl-a) and a neutral plot (ph 7.1, hl-n) in terms of al tolerance, organic acid anion secretion and relate ...201323773148
phytotoxicity of secondary metabolites isolated from flourensia oolepis s.f.blake.the aim of this study was to isolate the active principles of flourensia oolepis s.f.blake (asteraceae), which completely inhibited the germination of raphanus sativus seeds at 10 mg/ml. flavanone pinocembrin and sesquiterpene ilicol, were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. they were active both against monocot and dicot seeds. pinocembrin was the most active compound, with an ic50 (germination) value of 0.24, 3.40, 3.28, and 3.55 mm against panicum miliaceum, avena sativa, lactuca sativ ...201323847074
genetic transformation of major cereal crops.of the more than 50,000 edible plant species in the world, at least 10,000 species are cereal grains. three major cereal crops, rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and wheat (triticum sp.), provide two-thirds of the world's food energy intake. although crop yields have improved tremendously thanks to technological advances in the past 50 years, population increases and climate changes continue to threaten the sustainability of current crop productions. whereas conventional and marker-assisted ...201324166432
fusarium damage in cereal grains from western canada. 1. phylogenetic analysis of moniliformin-producing fusarium species and their natural occurrence in mycotoxin-contaminated wheat, oats, and rye.harvest samples of common wheat (triticum aestivum), oats (avena sativa), and rye (secale cereale) from producers in western canada were analyzed for fungal infection by toxigenic fusarium species and contamination by trichothecenes and moniliformin (mon). fusarium graminearum and f. avenaceum were the two most frequently isolated species from samples of rye and wheat collected in 2010. f. poae and f. sporotrichioides were more commonly detected in randomly selected oat seeds. other toxigenic fu ...201323683177
coiled-coil dimerization of the lov2 domain of the blue-light photoreceptor phototropin 1 from arabidopsis thaliana.a key role in signal transduction and dimerization mediated by per-arnt-sim (pas) domains is played by α-helical linkers that flank the structurally similar α/β cores of these domains. however, crystal-packing forces and the different construct lengths and sequences of the pas domains influence the final length and orientation of the linkers relative to the core and create uncertainty in the exact mechanism of the linker function. thus, structural characterization and comparison of the linkers w ...201324316821
oscillations of acetylcholine in oat seedlings.using gas chromatography it was shown that acetylcholine (ach) was present in both etiolated and green oat (avena sativa l. cv. diadem) seedlings. in etiolated seedlings the ach level was low, but increased rapidly during exposure to sunlight and red light (rl). the stimulative influence of rl was reversed by far-red light (frl). the rl- and frl- changes in ach level were correlated to changes in acetylcholinesterase (ache) localization. using karnovsky's method, it was found that in the etiolat ...20132350987
the genetics of resistance to powdery mildew in cultivated oats (avena sativa l.): current status of major genes.the genetics of resistance to powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae of four cultivated oats was studied using monosomic analysis. cultivar 'bruno' carries a gene (pm6) that shows a recessive mode of inheritance and is located on chromosome 10d. cultivar 'jumbo' possesses a dominant resistance gene (pm1) on chromosome 1c. in cultivar 'rollo', in addition to the gene pm3 on chromosome 17a, a second dominant resistance gene (pm8) was identified and assigned to chromosome 4c. in b ...201424526453
physiological role of a multigrain diet in metabolic regulations of lipid and antioxidant profiles in hypercholesteremic rats: multigrain diet in hyperlipemia.the objective of the present study was to investigate the lipid and the antioxidant regulatory potential of a multigrain diet in laboratory animals with reference to lipid profiles, tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status.201425780697
factors controlling carbon metabolism and humification in different soil agroecosystems.the aim of this study was to describe the processes that control humic carbon sequestration in soil. three experimental sites differing in terms of management system and climate were selected: (i) abanilla-spain, soil treated with municipal solid wastes in mediterranean semiarid climate; (ii) puch-germany, soil under intensive tillage and conventional agriculture in continental climate; and (iii) alberese-italy, soil under organic and conventional agriculture in mediterranean subarid climate. th ...201425614887
copper and selenium: auxiliary measure to control infection by haemonchus contortus in lambs.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of selenium and copper on oxidative stress and its performance in lambs experimentally infected with haemonchus contortus. twenty-eight five-months old lambs were experimentally infected by the oral route with 5000 third-stage infective larvae and allocated into four groups, i.e., untreated animals, animals treated intramuscularly with sodium selenite (0.2 mg kg(-1)), animals treated subcutaneously with copper (3.5 mg kg(-1)), and animals treated ...201424950380
environmental nutrient supply alters prevalence and weakens competitive interactions among coinfecting viruses.the rates and ratios of environmental nutrient supplies can determine plant community composition. however, the effect of nutrient supplies on within-host microbial interactions is poorly understood. resource competition is a promising theory for understanding microbial interactions, because microparasites require nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) for synthesis of macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. to better understand the effects of nutrient supplies to hosts on pathogen interacti ...201424975238
evaluation of γ- aminobutyric acid, phytate and antioxidant activity of tempeh-like fermented oats (avena sativa l.) prepared with different filamentous fungi.tempeh is a popular traditional fermented food in asia. many tempeh-like foods are made from cereal grains. however, the information of γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) accumulation in those tempeh-like cereal grains during fermentation is lacking. meanwhile, little information is available on the anti-nutrient contents and antioxidant activity of tempeh-like fermented oats. the aim of the present work was to study the changes of gaba, phytate, natural antioxidants and antioxidant activity of tempeh-l ...201425328194
exploring the origin of the d genome of oat by fluorescence in situ hybridization.further understanding of the origin of cultivated oat would accelerate its genetic improvement. in particular, it would be useful to clarify which diploid progenitor contributed the d genome of this allohexaploid species. in this study, we demonstrate that the landmarks produced by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) of species of avena using probes derived from avena sativa can be used to explore the origin of the d genome. selected sets of probes were hybridized in several sequential exp ...201425478818
interplanting annual ryegrass, wheat, oat, and corn to mitigate iron deficiency in dry beans.this study evaluated whether grass intercropping can be used to alleviate fe deficiency chlorosis in dry beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.) grown in high ph, calcareous soils with low organic matter. field studies were conducted at the university of wyoming sustainable agriculture research and extension center in 2009 and 2010. black- and navy beans were grown alone or intercropped with annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.), oat (avena sativa l.), corn (zea mays l.), or spring wheat (triticum aes ...201425536084
bacterially produced pt-gfp as ratiometric dual-excitation sensor for in planta mapping of leaf apoplastic ph in intact avena sativa and vicia faba.ratiometric analysis with h(+)-sensitive fluorescent sensors is a suitable approach for monitoring apoplastic ph dynamics. for the acidic range, the acidotropic dual-excitation dye oregon green 488 is an excellent ph sensor. long lasting (hours) recordings of apoplastic ph in the near neutral range, however, are more problematic because suitable ph indicators that combine a good ph responsiveness at a near neutral ph with a high photostability are lacking. the fluorescent ph reporter protein fro ...201425313311
structural studies of arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from abies sibirica l. biological activity of pectins of a. sibirica.highly branched arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides, containing 84% of arabinose, was extracted from wood greenery of abies sibirica l. the structure of arabinan was studied by the 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy. the macromolecule backbone was represented mainly by rg-i (molar ratio gala:rha ∼ 1.3:1) patterns with high degree of rhamnose branching. side chains were comprised of 1,5-linked α-l-araf residues (the major part of polymer mass), 1,3,5-di-o- and 1,2,3,5-tri-o-linked α-l-araf residues, con ...201425256514
preferred carbon precursors for lipid labelling in the heterotrophic endosperm of developing oat (avena sativa l.) grains.oat (avena sativa l.) is unusual among the cereal grains in storing high amounts of oil in the endosperm; up to 90% of total grain oil. by using oat as a model species for oil metabolism in the cereal endosperm, we can learn how to develop strategies to redirect carbon from starch to achieve high-oil yielding cereal crops. carbon precursors for lipid synthesis were compared in two genetically close oat cultivars with different endosperm oil content (about 6% and 10% of grain dw, medium-oil; mo, ...201425221923
cover crops influence soil microorganisms and phytoextraction of copper from a moderately contaminated vineyard.we investigated the ability of summer (avena sativa [oat], trifolium incarnatum [crimson clover], chenopodium [goosefoot]) and winter (vicia villosa [hairy vetch], secale cereale l. [rye], brassica napus l. partim [rape]) cover crops, including a mixed species treatment, to extract copper from an organic vineyard soil in situ and the microbial communities that may support it. clover had the highest copper content (14.3mgcukg(-1) dm). however, it was the amount of total biomass production that de ...201425217742
detecting a new source for photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization in the lov2 domain of phototropin by magnetic-field dependent (13)c nmr spectroscopy.phototropin is a flavin mononucleotide (fmn) containing blue-light receptor, which regulates, governed by its two lov domains, the phototropic response of higher plants. upon photoexcitation, the fmn cofactor triplet state, (3)f, reacts with a nearby cysteine to form a covalent adduct. cysteine-to-alanine mutants of lov domains instead generate a flavin radical upon illumination. here, we explore the formation of photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (cidnp) in lov2-c450a of avena ...201425207844
effect of different processing techniques on nutritional characteristics of oat (avena sativa) grains and formulated weaning mixes.one of the variety of oat, upo 94 was processed by two simple processing techniques. one method is malting and other is roasting. malted and roasted oat flour as well as weaning mixes prepared from these two processed flour were analyzed for their nutrient composition, alpha amylase activity and in-vitro protein digestibility. for making weaning mix, oat flour, wheat flour, green gram and skim milk powder were taken in a ratio of 30:30:25:15 respectively. higher moisture, ash, crude fat, energy, ...201425190893
new series of avenanthramides in oat seed.avenanthramides are characteristic constituents of oat seeds. we analyzed the methanol extract of oat seeds by hplc and detected three compounds 1, 2, and 3 eluted at retention times similar to avenanthramides. the three compounds were purified by column chromatography and hplc. spectroscopic analyses of 1, 2, and 3 suggested that they are amides of 4,5-dihydroxyanthranilic acid with caffeic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids, respectively. their identities were confirmed by comparing spectra and ch ...201425117953
biomechanics of plant anchorage at early development stage.we propose a minimal model for the response of seedlings to pullout constraints. central to our approach is the idea of capturing not only average mechanical properties but also the stochastic component of the uprooting process. our model accounts on one hand for the tensile elastic response of root fibres and on the other hand for the friction between root fibres and the soil matrix. we present for validation a dataset of 98 uprooting experiments using avena sativa l. seedlings (common oat), gr ...201425109590
in silico analysis of dreb transcription factor genes and proteins in grasses.plants are exposed to various environmental stresses, including drought, salinity, low temperature, etc. dehydration responsive element binding (dreb) genes, the members of ap2/erf transcription factor family, regulate the biological processes against cold and dehydration stresses. in this study, we analyzed a total of 19 dreb transcription factor genes and proteins from 14 grass species by using bioinformatic approaches, including their physiochemical properties, conserved motif structures, hom ...201425104001
increased productivity of a cover crop mixture is not associated with enhanced agroecosystem services.cover crops provide a variety of important agroecological services within cropping systems. typically these crops are grown as monocultures or simple graminoid-legume bicultures; however, ecological theory and empirical evidence suggest that agroecosystem services could be enhanced by growing cover crops in species-rich mixtures. we examined cover crop productivity, weed suppression, stability, and carryover effects to a subsequent cash crop in an experiment involving a five-species annual cover ...201424847902
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