Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| biomonitoring of airborne metals in urban environments: new tracers of vehicle emission, in place of lead. | samples of quercus ilex leaves and of the inhalable fraction of atmospheric particulate (pm(10)) were collected along a busy road and in a park in florence (italy). quantitative comparisons and correlations of element concentrations in pm(10) collected by air samplers at two sites showed that ba, cu, fe, mn, pb and zn were the main metal pollutants emitted by vehicles in florence. very similar results were obtained by the analysis of q. ilex leaves which were found to accumulate airborne metals ... | 2000 | 15092978 |
| stemflow chemistry of urban street trees. | ph and ion concentrations (na(+), k(+), mg(2+), ca(2+), no(-)(3)) in the stemflow of the evergreen broad-leaved tree, ilex rotunda, planted in the median strip of a highway and nitrogen oxides concentration in the air in an urban site were compared with a suburban site in fukuoka city, japan. the annual average of the nitrogen oxides concentration in the air was higher and no(-)(3) concentration in the stemflow at the urban site was higher or similar compared with the suburban site. however, the ... | 1997 | 15093438 |
| antimicrobial effects of quercus ilex l. extract. | the antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of quercus ilex l. (pirnal oak) leaves were tested in vitro against a wide range of human and plant-associated microorganisms. a total of 132 microbial organisms belonging to 55 bacteria and five fungi and yeast species were studied using a disc-diffusion method and microdilution assays. the results were evaluated as inhibition zones around the disc impregnated with q. ilex extract at a concentration of 300 micro l/ml. the results showed that ... | 2004 | 15103667 |
| antidepressant effect of three traditional chinese medicines in the learned helplessness model. | plantago asiatica, scrophularia ningpoensis and ilex pubescens are among the traditional chinese medicines which are more frequently prescribed for treating depression-like ailments in the past and present traditional chinese medical practice. the present work was therefore conducted to evaluate the presumable antidepressant effects of the extracts derived from the three remedies in mice using the learned helplessness model being used for screening for antidepressant compounds in modern medicina ... | 2004 | 15120459 |
| stomatal limitation to co2 assimilation and down-regulation of photosynthesis in quercus ilex resprouts in response to slowly imposed drought. | holm oak (quercus ilex l.) is native to hot, dry mediterranean forests where limited water availability often reduces photosynthesis in many species, and forest fires are frequent. holm oaks resprout after a disturbance, with improved photosynthetic activity and water relations compared with unburned plants. to better understand the role of water availability in this improvement, watering was withheld from container-grown plants, either intact (controls) or resprouts after excision of the shoot, ... | 2004 | 15123453 |
| oxipurinol: alloxanthine, oxyprim, oxypurinol. | oxipurinol [alloxanthine, oxyprim, oxypurinol] is the active metabolite of the only commercially available xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol. oxipurinol is also a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. oxipurinol is currently being developed by cardiome pharma. it is waiting for approval in the us for the treatment of allopurinol-intolerant hyperuricaemia (gout) and is in phase iii trials for the treatment of congestive heart failure. allopurinol is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic hyperuri ... | 2004 | 15139781 |
| water sources and water-use efficiency in mediterranean coastal dune vegetation. | in coastal environments plants have to cope with various water sources: rainwater, water table, seawater, and mixtures. these are usually characterized by different isotopic signatures ( (18)o/ (16)o and d/h ratios). xylem water reflects the isotopic compositions of the water sources. additionally, water-use efficiency (wue) can be assessed with carbon isotope discrimination (delta) analyses. gas exchange, delta of leaf dry matter, and isotopic composition (delta (18)o) of xylem water were measu ... | 2004 | 15143444 |
| polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and quinone reductase activity of an aqueous extract of ardisia compressa in comparison to mate (ilex paraguariensis) and green (camellia sinensis) teas. | aqueous extracts of the leaves of ardisia compressa (ac) have been used in folk medicine to treat various liver disorders including liver cancer. the objective of this study was to partially characterize and determine the total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, and quinone reductase activity of a. compressa tea in comparison to mate (ilex paraguariensis, mt) and green (camellia sinensis,gt) teas. total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, and phase ii enzyme induction capacity were ... | 2004 | 15161234 |
| an improved thin-layer chromatography/mass spectrometry coupling using a surface sampling probe electrospray ion trap system. | a combined surface sampling probe/electrospray emitter coupled with an ion trap mass spectrometer was used for the direct read out of unmodified reversed-phase c18 thin-layer chromatography (tlc) plates. the operation of the surface sampling electrospray ionization interface in positive and negative ionization modes was demonstrated through the direct analysis of tlc plates on which a commercial test mix comprised of four dye compounds viz., rhodamine b, fluorescein, naphthol blue black, and fas ... | 2004 | 15174184 |
| rpb2 gene phylogeny in flowering plants, with particular emphasis on asterids. | two, apparently functional, paralogues of the rpb2 gene, which encodes the second largest subunit of rna polymerase ii, are shown to be present in two major groups of asterid plants. although all other land plants surveyed so far have been found to have only one of these two copies, the rpb2 gene phylogeny inferred from the 3' half of the gene for 35 angiosperm taxa and six other land plants indicates that the duplication of the rpb2 gene occurred earlier than the time for origin of the asterid ... | 2004 | 15223030 |
| clofarabine. | clofarabine [clofarex] is a purine nucleoside in development with bio-envision, the southern research institute and ilex oncology as an anticancer agent. clofarabine's nucleoside structure is such that both the purine and ribose rings are halogenated, which allows it to inhibit dna synthesis at two critical junctures: dna polymerase i and rna reductase. an intravenous infusion and an oral formulation are undergoing clinical development. clofarabine was originated by the southern research institu ... | 2004 | 15230627 |
| winter photoinhibition in the field involves different processes in four co-occurring mediterranean tree species. | photoinhibition was examined in four co-occurring mediterranean evergreen tree species during two consecutive winters. in response to low temperatures and saturating light, juniperus phoenicea l., pinus halepensis mill., quercus coccifera l. and q. ilex ssp. ballota (desf.) samp. exhibited marked chronic photoinhibition, indicated by low predawn maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem ii (psii) (fv/fm). low fv/fm values were correlated with high concentrations of xanthophyll cycle compon ... | 2004 | 15234895 |
| sensitivity analyses of woody species exposed to air pollution based on ecophysiological measurements. | air pollution has been of a major problem in the pearl river delta of south china, particularly during the last two decades. emissions of air pollutants from industries have already led to damages in natural communities and environments in a wide range of the delta area. leaf parameters such as chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf area (la), dry weight (dw) and leaf mass per area (lma) had once been used as specific indexes of environmental stress. this study aims to determine in situ if the daily var ... | 2004 | 15259699 |
| alemtuzumab-induced remission of both severe paraneoplastic pemphigus and leukaemic bone marrow infiltration in a case of treatment-resistant b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. | alemtuzumab (mabcampath; ilex pharmaceuticals, geneva, switzerland) is a humanised monoclonal antibody directed against cd52. it belongs to a new group of monoclonal antibodies with anti-neoplastic effects used in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll) either as first-line treatment or in those cases resistant to alkylating drugs. paraneoplastic pemphigus (pnp) is a severe mucocutaneus disease mostly associated with b-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. independent of the course of the underlying m ... | 2004 | 15287918 |
| drought tolerance and transplanting performance of holm oak (quercus ilex) seedlings after drought hardening in the nursery. | drought stress is the main cause of mortality of holm oak (quercus ilex l.) seedlings in forest plantations. we therefore assessed if drought hardening, applied in the nursery at the end of the growing season, enhanced the drought tolerance and transplanting performance of holm oak seedlings. seedlings were subjected to three drought hardening intensities (low, moderate and severe) for 2.5 and 3.5 months, and compared with control seedlings. at the end of the hardening period, water relations, g ... | 2004 | 15294761 |
| deodorization with ku-ding-cha containing a large amount of caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives. | caffeoyl quinic acid (cqa) derivatives in ku-ding-cha, mate, coffee, and related plants were determined by hplc. one ku-ding-cha contained a large amount of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-dicqa, 10.6% in dry weight) as well as 3-cqa (1.7%), 4-cqa (1.1%), 5-cqa (6.3%), 3,4-dicqa (1.8%), and 4,5-dicqa (4.3%). in this ku-ding-cha, the total caffeic acid moiety was 90.3 mmol/100 g of dry weight. the leaves of ilex latifolia, which is one original species of ku-ding-cha, and another plant of the same ... | 2004 | 15315393 |
| molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of wood mice (genus apodemus kaup, 1829) based on complete mtdna cytochrome b sequences, with emphasis on chinese species. | phylogenetic relationships among 15 species of wood mice (genus apodemus) were reconstructed to explore some long-standing taxonomic problems. the results provided support for the monophyly of the genus apodemus, but could not reject the hypothesis of paraphyly for this genus. our data divided the 15 species into four major groups: (1) the sylvaemus group (a. sylvaticus, a. flavicollis, a. alpicola, and a. uralensis), (2) the apodemus group (a. peninsulae, a. chevreri, a. agrarius, a. speciosus, ... | 2004 | 15324834 |
| high variability of chloroplast dna in three mediterranean evergreen oaks indicates complex evolutionary history. | chloroplast dna variation was studied in three evergreen quercus species (q. suber l., q. ilex l. and q. coccifera l.) from the western mediterranean basin using pcr-rflp. we studied five primer pair/enzyme combinations, four of them previously used in other european quercus, obtaining a large number of haplotypes (81) grouped in three main types (suber type, ilex-coccifera i type and ilex-coccifera ii type). such level of haplotype diversity is higher than previously reported for the genus. rem ... | 2004 | 15329661 |
| airborne ethylene may alter antioxidant protection and reduce tolerance of holm oak to heat and drought stress. | plant-emitted ethylene has received considerable attention as a stress hormone and is considered to play a major role at low concentrations in the tolerance of several species to biotic and abiotic stresses. however, airborne ethylene at high concentrations, such as those found in polluted areas (20-100 nl l(-1)) for several days, has received far less attention in studies of plant stress tolerance, though it has been shown to alter photosynthesis and reproductive stages (seed germination, flowe ... | 2004 | 15448201 |
| in vitro chemopreventive activity of camellia sinensis, ilex paraguariensis and ardisia compressa tea extracts and selected polyphenols. | several herbal teas contain bioactive compounds that have been associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases including cancer. the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of tea aqueous extracts and selected constituent pure polyphenols using a battery of in vitro marker systems relevant for the prevention of cancer. the effects of (-) epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), quercetin (q), gallic acid (ga), green tea (gt, camellia sinensis), ardisia tea (at, ardisia compressa) ... | 2004 | 15450404 |
| ozone monitoring in a mediterranean forest using diffusive and continuous sampling. | ambient ozone was measured in a forest in castelporziano (italy) characterised by the prevailing presence of holm-oak trees (quercus ilex l.) from june to november 2003. two methods for measuring ozone were used: long-term monitoring using diffusive samplers at three heights within the canopy, and continuous monitoring at two heights using the uv method. results for one week mean ozone levels above and below the canopy from the diffusive samplers were compared to those obtained using the automat ... | 2004 | 15452678 |
| campath-1h in renal transplantation: the university of wisconsin experience. | immune cell depletion is known to prevent renal allograft rejection and injury. we evaluated the humanized monoclonal antibody campath-1h (alemtuzumab; ilex oncology, san antonio, texas) in renal transplant recipients for its safety and efficacy in preventing rejection when used in combination with a calcineurin inhibitor, mycophenolate mofetil, and low-dose steroid therapy. | 2004 | 15467659 |
| trace element analyses in an epiphytic lichen and its bark substrate to assess suitability for air biomonitoring. | total concentrations of cd, cr, fe, ni, pb and zn were compared from october 1996 to april 1998 in physcia biziana (massal.) zhalbr. v. leptophylla vezda and in the bark of quercus ilex l. sampled from the same trees at an urban park. trace metal concentrations were also measured in the bark covered by the lichen thalli. the lichens showed significantly higher cr, fe, ni and zn concentrations than both uncovered and covered barks. by contrast, both types of barks had higher concentrations of cd ... | 2004 | 15473529 |
| triterpenoids from brazilian ilex species and their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity. | from the leaves of ilex affinis and ilex buxifolia, two adulterant species of "erva mate" (ilex paraguariensis), three new triterpenoid glycosides were isolated. affinoside 1 (3beta-o-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[2-o-acetyl-(1-->2]]-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl pomolic acid 28-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl ester, 1) was isolated from i. affinis, while buxifolioside i (28-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl ester of (20s)-3alpha,19alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 7) and buxifolioside ii (28-o-beta-d-gluc ... | 2004 | 15497942 |
| conidia production of beauveria sp. by solid-state fermentation for biocontrol of ilex paraguariensis caterpillars. | conidia production of beauveria sp. strain lag by solid-state fermentation (ssf) using blends of agro-industrial residues (residual potatoes and sugar-cane bagasse) was optimized with respect to cultivation conditions and the composition of substrate mixture in erlenmeyer flasks and column-type bioreactor. with a blend of 60 % residual potatoes and 40 % sugar-cane bagasse the optimum conditions achieved were: incubation temperature 26 degrees c, initial substrate ph 6, inoculum concentration 10( ... | 2004 | 15530007 |
| fine-scale clonal structure and diversity within patches of a clone-forming dioecious shrub, ilex leucoclada (aquifoliaceae). | the mode of reproduction (sexual vs. asexual) is likely to have important effects on genetic variation and its spatial distribution within plant populations. an investigation was undertaken of fine-scale clonal structure and diversity within patches of ilex leucoclada (a clone-forming dioecious shrub). | 2005 | 15546930 |
| habitat quality as a predictor of spatial variation in blue tit reproductive performance: a multi-plot analysis in a heterogeneous landscape. | vertebrate studies have rarely investigated the influence of spatial variation in habitat richness on both short-term (breeding) and long-term (offspring recruitment) reproductive performance using simultaneously multi-patch, multi-habitat type and multi-year approaches at landscape level. here we present results of such an approach using the influence of two oak tree (quercus ilex, q. humilis) species on reproductive performance in corsican blue tits (parus caeruleus ogliastrae) as a model syst ... | 2004 | 15549399 |
| are both sympatric species ilex perado and ilex canariensis secretly hybridizing? indication from nuclear markers collected in tenerife. | intra-specific and intra-individual polymorphism is frequently observed in nuclear markers of ilex (aquifoliaceae) and discrepancy between plastid and nuclear phylogenies is the rule in this genus. these observations suggest that inter-specific plastid or/and nuclear introgression played an important role in the process of evolution of ilex. with the aim of a precise understanding of the evolution of this genus, two distantly related sympatric species collected in tenerife (canary islands), i. p ... | 2004 | 15550175 |
| arbutin-2'-sulphonyl from the infusion of ilex theezans leaves. | a sulphate arbutin derivative was isolated from the leaves of ilex theezans, an adulterant of mate (ilex paraguariensis). the structure was determined by spectral analysis. | 2004 | 15567265 |
| photoinhibition and drought in mediterranean woody saplings: scaling effects and interactions in sun and shade phenotypes. | interacting effects of high light and drought on the performance of sun and shade phenotypes were experimentally undertaken following survival, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in 2-year-old saplings of four mediterranean trees (quercus ilex and q. coccifera as water-saving species, and pistacia lentiscus and p. terebinthus as water-spending species). half of the saplings were grown in full sunlight and the other half in the shade (6% sunlight). half of each combination of species-pheno ... | 2005 | 15569705 |
| ozone exposure induces the activation of leaf senescence-related processes and morphological and growth changes in seedlings of mediterranean tree species. | four mediterranean tree taxa, quercus ilex subsp. ilex, quercus ilex subsp. ballota, olea europaea cv. vulgaris and ceratonia siliqua, were exposed to different ozone (o(3)) concentrations in open top chambers (otcs) during 2 years. three treatments were applied: charcoal-filtered air (cf), non-filtered air (nf) and non-filtered air plus 40 ppb(v) of o(3) (nf +). the photochemical maximal efficiency, fv/fm, decreased in nf + plants during the second year of exposure, especially during the most s ... | 2005 | 15589656 |
| utility of its sequence data for phylogenetic reconstruction of italian quercus spp. | nuclear ribosomal dna sequences encoding the 5.8s rna and the flanking internal transcribed spacers (its1 and its2) were used to test the phylogenetic relationships within 12 italian quercus taxa (fagaceae). hypotheses of sequence orthology are tested by detailed inspection of some basic features of oak its sequences (i.e., general patterns of conserved domains, thermodynamic stability and predicted conformation of the secondary structure of transcripts) that also allowed more accurate sequence ... | 2004 | 15619447 |
| hydraulic conductivity, photosynthesis and leaf water balance in six evergreen woody species from fall to winter. | to confirm that freeze-thaw embolism is a primary stress for evergreen woody species in winter, hydraulic conductivity, photosynthesis and leaf water potential were measured during fall and winter in trees growing in a cool temperate zone (nikko) and in a warm temperate zone (tokyo). we examined two evergreen conifers that naturally occur in the cool temperate zone (abies firma siebold & zucc. and abies homolepis siebold & zucc.), and four evergreen broad-leaved woody species that are restricted ... | 2005 | 15631978 |
| aqueous extract of ilex paraguariensis decreases nucleotide hydrolysis in rat blood serum. | mate is a xanthine-containing beverage, which is prepared as an infusion of the dried and ground leaves of ilex paraguariensis st. hil. (aquifoliacea). previous reports have shown that ilex paraguariensis has the highest levels of caffeine and theobromine when compared to other ilex species. furthermore, mate is able to interfere in the circulatory system, acting as a diuretic and hypotensive agent. many processes of vascular injury result in the release of adenine nucleotides, which exert a var ... | 2004 | 15652278 |
| advice given to women in argentina about breast-feeding and the use of alcohol. | to explore the types of advice that women in argentina received from health professionals, family members, and friends about drinking alcoholic beverages and about alcohol usage during pregnancy and lactation. | 2004 | 15673483 |
| classification of ilex species based on metabolomic fingerprinting using nuclear magnetic resonance and multivariate data analysis. | the metabolomic analysis of 11 ilex species, i. argentina, i. brasiliensis, i. brevicuspis, i. dumosavar. dumosa, i. dumosa var. guaranina, i. integerrima, i. microdonta, i. paraguariensis var. paraguariensis, i. pseudobuxus, i. taubertiana, and i. theezans, was carried out by nmr spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. the analysis using principal component analysis and classification of the (1)h nmr spectra showed a clear discrimination of those samples based on the metabolites present in ... | 2005 | 15713047 |
| winter photosynthesis by saplings of evergreen broad-leaved trees in a deciduous temperate forest. | * here we investigated photosynthetic traits of evergreen species under a deciduous canopy in a temperate forest and revealed the importance of co2 assimilation during winter for annual co2 assimilation. * saplings were shaded by the canopy trees from spring through to autumn, but were less shaded during the winter months. photosynthetic rates at light saturation (aarea) were lower during winter than during the growing season. aarea was higher in camellia, ilex and photinia than in castanopsis, ... | 2005 | 15720697 |
| statistical and geostatistical modelling of preliminarily adjusted defoliation on an european scale. | since 1987 tree crown condition is surveyed annually in large parts of europe mainly in terms of defoliation. the plot-wise means of defoliation from 1994 to 2000 were evaluated by general linear models (glm) in order to describe country-specific levels of defoliation and age-trends. additional runs with estimates for influences of insects and fungi were performed. the amount of variance of defoliation explained by country, age and its interaction was between 35% and 59% for the main tree specie ... | 2005 | 15736885 |
| seasonal changes in photosynthesis and photoprotection in a quercus ilex subsp. ballota woodland located in its upper altitudinal extreme in the iberian peninsula. | quercus ilex l. subsp. ballota (desf.) samp., a mediterranean evergreen species growing in a continental mediterranean climate, did not experience water stress and showed greater sensitivity to winter stress than to summer stress over a 12-month period. net co2 assimilation rates and photosystem ii (psii) efficiency decreased markedly during the cold months and recovered completely in spring. lutein, neoxanthin and beta-carotene to chlorophyll (chl) molar ratios all showed the same trend through ... | 2005 | 15741152 |
| effect of yerba mate (ilex paraguariensis) tea on topoisomerase inhibition and oral carcinoma cell proliferation. | tea flavonoids have antitopoisomerase activity and can inhibit cell proliferation. the objectives of this study were to determine the phenolic content of yerba mate tea products (mt) (ilex paraguariensis) and evaluate their capacity to inhibit topoisomerase i (topo i) and ii (topo ii) activities and oral carcinoma cell proliferation. total polyphenols of aqueous extracts of dried mt leaves were measured by the folin-ciocalteau assay, using chlorogenic (ch) and gallic (ga) acids as standards. top ... | 2005 | 15769122 |
| known and two new species of rhytisma (rhytismatales, ascomycota) from china. | three species of rhytisma are described based on recently collected specimens from the anhui province, china. rhytisma anhuiense is a new species causing a serious tar spot disease on rhododendron simsii. rhytisma yuexiense is a new species, which develops its stromata only on fallen leaves of rhododendron ovatum. rhytisma himalense on ilex fargesii is a known species and probably widely distributed in china. including the two new species, 11 species of rhytisma are known from china which are pr ... | 2005 | 15770457 |
| hemiterpene glucosides with anti-platelet aggregation activities from ilex pubescens. | two new hemiterpene glucosides named pubescenosides a and b were isolated from the root of ilex pubescens. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence as 2-(trans-caffeoyloxy)methyl-3-hydroxy-1-butene-4-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside and 2-hydroxymethyl-3-caffeoyloxy-1-butene-4-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, respectively. pharmacological investigation on pubescenosides a and b indicated that both possess potent anti-platelet aggregation activities. | 2005 | 15787443 |
| kidney transplantation under minimal immunosuppression after pretransplant lymphoid depletion with thymoglobulin or campath. | multiple drug immunosuppression has allowed the near elimination of rejection, but without commensurate improvements in longterm graft survival and at the cost of quality of life. we have suggested that transplantation outcomes can be improved by modifying the timing and dosage of immunosuppression to facilitate natural mechanisms of alloengraftment and acquired tolerance. | 2005 | 15804464 |
| adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction: systematic review. | herbal weight-loss supplements are marketed with claims of effectiveness. our earlier systematic review identified data from double-blind, randomized controlled trials for a number of herbal supplements. the aim of this systematic review was to assess all clinical evidence of adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction for which effectiveness data from rigorous clinical trials exist. we assessed ephedra sinica, garcinia cambogia, paullinia cupana, guar gum, plantago psyll ... | 2005 | 15836459 |
| mate drinking during pregnancy and risk of preterm and small for gestational age birth. | mate, a hot infusion of ilex paraguayensis, is a beverage largely consumed in southeast latin america, including during pregnancy. to assess the effect of mate drinking during pregnancy on preterm and small for gestational age (sga) birth, a cross-sectional study was done. from january 1st to december 31st, 1993, in the first 24 h after delivery, all 5304 mothers giving birth at the hospitals in pelotas, southern brazil, were interviewed and several of their characteristics were gathered. birthw ... | 2005 | 15867291 |
| diversity and specificity of ectomycorrhizal fungi retrieved from an old-growth mediterranean forest dominated by quercus ilex. | we analysed the ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungal diversity in a mediterranean old-growth quercus ilex forest stand from corsica (france), where arbutus unedo was the only other ecm host. on a 6400 m2 stand, we investigated whether oak age and host species shaped below-ground ecm diversity. ectomycorrhizas were collected under q. ilex individuals of various ages (1 yr seedlings; 3-10 yr saplings; old trees) and a. unedo. they were typed by its-rflp analysis and identified by match to rflp patterns of ... | 2005 | 15869659 |
| cardioprotective effects of ilex paraguariensis extract: evidence for a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. | to examine the effects of an ilex paraguariensis (ip) extract on postischemic alterations derived from 20 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. | 2005 | 15869828 |
| ilex paraguariensis extracts are potent inhibitors of nitrosative stress: a comparative study with green tea and wines using a protein nitration model and mammalian cell cytotoxicity. | due to the increasing importance of nitrosative stress in pathology and the efficacy displayed by flavonoids in cancelling the effects of peroxynitrite, we decided to conduct a comparative study of three commonly used beverages with the highest polyphenol contents and proven antioxidant properties: mate (ilex paraguariensis); green tea (camelia sinensis) extracts and white and red wines of the main varietals. we directly evaluated and compared the extracts and wines as protein nitration inhibito ... | 2005 | 15878361 |
| post-fire, seasonal and annual dynamics of the ectomycorrhizal community in a quercus ilex l. forest over a 3-year period. | two study plots, burned and control, were established in autumn 1998 in a quercus ilex forest located in northern spain, part of which had been affected by a low intensity fire in 1994. soil samples for ectomycorrhizae (ecm) were taken over a 3-year period in each study plot in spring, summer, autumn and winter. ecm morphotypes were identified and the relative abundance of each morphotype in each soil sample calculated, along with species richness, shannon diversity index and percentage of mycor ... | 2005 | 15889285 |
| rodent seed predation promotes differential recruitment among bird-dispersed trees in temperate secondary forests. | we investigated the role of seed predation by rodents in the recruitment of the fleshy-fruited trees taxus baccata, ilex aquifolium and crataegus monogyna in temperate secondary forests in nw spain. we measured the densities of dispersed seeds, early emerged seedlings, established recruits and adults, at four sites over a period of 2 years. seed predation among species was compared by seed removal experiments and analysis of rodent larder-hoards. the three species differed markedly in local rege ... | 2005 | 15891859 |
| ilex paraguariensis extracts inhibit age formation more efficiently than green tea. | glycation, the nonenzymatic adduct formation between sugar dicarbonyls and proteins, is one key molecular basis of diabetic complications due to hyperglycemia. given the link between glycation and oxidation, we hypothesized that herbal extracts with a high concentration of antioxidant phenolics might possess significant in vitro antiglycation activities as well. the aim of the present study was to address the hypothesis that polyphenol-rich ilex paraguariensis (ip) extracts are capable of inhibi ... | 2005 | 15894431 |
| shade tolerance, photoinhibition sensitivity and phenotypic plasticity of ilex aquifolium in continental mediterranean sites. | shade tolerance, plastic phenotypic response to light and sensitivity to photoinhibition were studied in holly (ilex aquifolium l.) seedlings transported from the field to a greenhouse and in adult trees in the field. all plants were growing in, or originated from, continental mediterranean sites in central spain. seedlings tolerated moderate but not deep shade. mortality was high and growth reduced in 1% sunlight. survival was maximal in 12% sunlight and minimal in full sunlight, although the r ... | 2005 | 15929935 |
| on-line preconcentration/determination of lead in ilex paraguariensis samples (mate tea) using polyurethane foam as filter and usn-icp-oes. | the present paper proposes an on-line preconcentration procedure for lead determination in ilex paraguariensis (st. hilaire) samples by ultrasonic nebulization associated to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (usn-icp-oes). it is based on the precipitation of lead(ii) ion on a minicolumn packed with polyurethane foam using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridilazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-br-padap) as precipitating reagent. the collected analyte precipitate was quantitatively eluted from the ... | 2005 | 15936141 |
| nitrogen transport in the xylem sap of quercus ilex: the role of ornithine. | the storage and remobilization of nitrogen in deciduous and evergreen species is a major source of n, supporting the seasonal growth of trees. in evergreens, in addition to wood and roots, older leaves are important reservoirs of n used in the growth of new foliage. just before bud burst, when transpiration is inactive or low, and when uptake of nitrogen by the roots may be restricted due to low temperatures, levels of organic n in the xylem are high. amino acids usually comprise the bulk of thi ... | 2005 | 15940878 |
| [sensitization to castanea sativa pollen and pollinosis in northern extremadura (spain)]. | castanea sativa pollen allergy has generally been considered to be uncommon and clinically insignificant. in our geographical area (plasencia, cáceres, spain) castanea sativa pollen is a major pollen. | 2005 | 15946627 |
| real-time pcr detection of biscogniauxia mediterranea in symptomless oak tissue. | real-time pcr, based on taqman chemistry, was used to detect biscogniauxia mediterranea, a fungal pathogen that after a long endophytic phase may cause charcoal disease in oak trees. | 2005 | 15960754 |
| [chlorogenic acid content comparison of different processed products of ilex hainanensis merr]. | to control different processed products of ilex hainanensis merr quality. | 2005 | 15981882 |
| are your patients at risk? fungal contamination of ilex paraguariensis st. hil (yerba maté). | 2005 | 15984951 | |
| trace element accumulation in the moss hypnum cupressiforme hedw. and the trees quercus ilex l. and pinus halepensis mill. in catalonia. | we studied trace element accumulation in the moss hypnum cupressiforme and the widely distributed mediterranean trees quercus ilex and pinus halepensis located at increasing distances from the barcelona metropolitan area. hypnum cupressiforme, quercus ilex and, to a somewhat lesser extent, pinus halepensis, have proved to be adequate as possible accumulative monitoring species in relation to trace elements pollution. no significant effects of crown orientation were found. one-year old leaves gen ... | 2005 | 16018901 |
| tissue-water relations of two co-occurring evergreen mediterranean species in response to seasonal and experimental drought conditions. | tissue-water relations were used to characterize the responses of two mediterranean co-occurring woody species (quercus ilex l. and phillyrea latifolia l.) to seasonal and experimental drought conditions. soil water availability was reduced approximately 15% by partially excluding rain throughfall and lateral flow (water runoff). seasonal and experimental drought elicited physiological and morphological adaptations other than osmotic adjustment: both species showed large increases in cell-wall e ... | 2005 | 16044197 |
| early outcomes in human lung transplantation with thymoglobulin or campath-1h for recipient pretreatment followed by posttransplant tacrolimus near-monotherapy. | acute and chronic rejection remain unresolved problems after lung transplantation, despite heavy multidrug immunosuppression. in turn, the strong immunosuppression has been responsible for mortality and pervasive morbidity. it also has been postulated to interdict potential mechanisms of alloengraftment. | 2005 | 16077423 |
| naturally occurring proteasome inhibitors from mate tea (ilex paraguayensis) serve as models for topical proteasome inhibitors. | proteasome inhibitors have emerged as a clinically important therapy for neoplastic disease, with velcade, an organoboron compound used extensively in multiple myeloma. recently, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate has been found to be a potent inhibitor of the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity. other compounds that inhibit angiogenesis and are active as chemopreventive agents, such as curcumin, also inhibit proteasome activity. we have screened natural product extracts using ras-transformed endot ... | 2005 | 16098028 |
| phylogeographical variation of chloroplast dna in cork oak (quercus suber). | in the last decades, the geographical location of the centre of origin of quercus suber (cork oak), a strictly western mediterranean oak species, has been the subject of controversy. | 2005 | 16103038 |
| piritrexim (ilex oncology). | ilex oncology is developing the dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, piritrexim (discovered originally by burroughs wellcome), for the potential treatment of cancer. it is in phase ii clinical trials for malignant fibrous histiocytoma. ilex conducted phase ii clinical trials in the us and europe with piritrexim in bladder cancer patients; however, development for this indication was discontinued in the third quarter of 1998 due to lack of efficacy. the company also initiated phase iii trials in ea ... | 1999 | 16113990 |
| triterpene saponins from the leaves of ilex kudingcha. | nine new triterpene saponins, ilekudinosides k-s (1-9), and eight known triterpene saponins were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of the leaves of ilex kudingcha. the new saponins were characterized as 3-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-alpha-kudinlactone (1), 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-beta-kudinlactone (2), 3-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-gamma-kudinlactone (3), 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-d-glucopy ... | 2005 | 16124755 |
| the capacity for thermal protection of photosynthetic electron transport varies for different monoterpenes in quercus ilex. | heat stress resistance of foliar photosynthetic apparatus was investigated in the mediterranean monoterpene-emitting evergreen sclerophyll species quercus ilex. leaf feeding with fosmidomycin, which is a specific inhibitor of the chloroplastic isoprenoid synthesis pathway, essentially stopped monoterpene emission and resulted in the decrease of the optimum temperature of photosynthetic electron transport from approximately 38 degrees c to approximately 30 degrees c. the heat stress resistance wa ... | 2005 | 16126854 |
| localized ozone fumigation system for studying ozone effects on photosynthesis, respiration, electron transport rate and isoprene emission in field-grown mediterranean oak species. | we used a localized ozone (o3) fumigation (lof) system to study acute and short-term o(3) effects on physiological leaf traits. the lof system enabled investigation of primary and secondary metabolic responses of similarly and differently aged leaves on the same plant to three different o3 concentrations ([o3]), unconfounded by other influences on o3 sensitivity, such as genetic, meteorological and soil factors. to simulate the diurnal cycle of o3 formation, current-year and 1-year-old quercus i ... | 2005 | 16137938 |
| campath-1h (cambridge university). | campath-1h, a t-cell-depleting, humanized monoclonal antibody, is under development by leukosite and ilex for the potential treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll). in august 1998, ilex completed enrollment of a pivotal clinical trial of campath-1h in the treatment of cll. the study has enrolled 94 patients at 20 centers in the us and europe. it is anticipated that achievement of the target response would result in a biologics license application being filed with the fda in mid-1999. pre ... | 1999 | 16160950 |
| determination of active ingredients of ilex purpurea hassk and its medicinal preparations by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. | a method based on capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection has been developed for the separation and determination of isovanillic acid, gentisic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid in ilex purpurea hassk and its medicinal preparations for the first time. the effects of working electrode potential, ph and concentration of running buffer, separation voltage and injection time on ce-ed were investigated. under the optimum conditions, the analytes could ... | 2006 | 16165336 |
| antioxidant phenylacetic acid derivatives from the seeds of ilex aquifolium. | reversed-phase preparative hplc analysis of the methanol extract of the seeds of ilex aquifolium afforded two antioxidant phenylacetic acid derivatives, 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (1) and 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (2). the structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. in the dpph assay for antioxidant activity, the ic(50) values of 1 and 2 were 1.50 x 10(-3) and 2.55 x 10(-3) mg ml(-1), respectively, compared to 2.88 x 10(-5) mg ml(-1) of quercetin, a natural antioxi ... | 2005 | 16179132 |
| temporal variations in pah concentrations in quercus ilex l. (holm oak) leaves in an urban area. | temporal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) concentrations in leaves of a mediterranean evergreen oak, quercus ilex l., were investigated in order to assess the suitability of this species to biomonitor pah air contamination. leaf samples were collected at six sites of the urban area of naples (italy) and at a control site in the vesuvius national park, in may and september 2001, and in january and may 2002. pah extraction was conducted by sonication in dichloromethane-acetone a ... | 2005 | 16182861 |
| dosage effect of minor arginyl- and isoleucyl-trnas on protein synthesis in an escherichia coli in vitro coupled transcription/translation system. | in escherichia coli mrna, the arginine codons aga/agg and the isoleucine codon aua are rarely used with frequencies of about 0.35% and 0.41%, respectively. six genes with a different number of these codons were expressed in an e. coli in vitro coupled transcription/translation system, which contained either trna prepared from e. coli cells carrying a plasmid with argu and ilex genes encoding rare trnas (trna(arg)(aga/agg) and trna(ile)(aua)), designated codon-plus trna, or normal trna from cells ... | 2001 | 16232946 |
| phenolic and triterpene glycosides from the stems of ilex litseaefolia. | chemical investigation on the stems of ilex litseaefolia afforded four new phenolic glycosides, litseaefolosides a-d (1-4), and two new triterpene glycosides, spathodic acid 28-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (5) and (20s)-niga-ichigoside f1 (6), along with 28 known compounds. the structures of 1-6 were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. litseaefoloside c (3) showed inhibitory activities in vitro for alpha-glucosidase and lipase with ic(50) values of 34.0 and 0.31 microg/ml ... | 2005 | 16252920 |
| vascular responses to extractable fractions of ilex paraguariensis in rats fed standard and high-cholesterol diets. | the authors investigated the vasorelaxant properties of the aqueous (aq-ef) and acid n-butanolic (acn-buoh) extractable fractions from ilex paraguariensis leaves. perfusion pressure was evaluated using isolated and perfused mesenteric arterial beds (mabs) from rats fed hypercholesterolemic and standard diets. extract-induced vasorelaxation in the presence and absence of various inhibitors was examined following precontraction of the mabs with methoxamine (30 microm) solution. in hypercholesterol ... | 2005 | 16267376 |
| soda-anthraquinone, kraft and organosolv pulping of holm oak trimmings. | the operating conditions for an organosolv (ethyleneglycol) and two alkaline (soda-anthraquinone and kraft) processes for obtaining cellulose pulp and paper from holm oak (quercus ilex) wood trimmings were optimized. a range of variation for each process variable (viz. temperature, cooking time and soda or ethyleneglycol concentration) was established and a central composite experimental design involving three independent variables at three different variation levels was applied. the results obt ... | 2006 | 16269242 |
| higher plants as bioindicators of sulphur dioxide emissions in urban environments. | the evaluation of certain vascular plants that grow in the city of madrid as biomonitors of so(2) air pollution in urban environments has been carried out. total concentration of sulphur in leaves of the chosen higher plants as well as other parameters in close relation to this contaminant (visible injury symptoms, chlorophyll a- and b-content and peroxidase activity) have been determined in order to study the spatial distribution and temporal changes in so(2) deposition. results obtained show t ... | 2005 | 16311823 |
| summer and winter sensitivity of leaves and xylem to minimum freezing temperatures: a comparison of co-occurring mediterranean oaks that differ in leaf lifespan. | freezing sensitivity of leaves and xylem was examined in four co-occurring mediterranean oaks (quercus spp.) grown in a common garden to determine whether freezing responses of leaves and xylem were coordinated and could be predicted by leaf lifespan. freezing-induced embolism and loss of photosynthetic function were measured after overnight exposure to a range of subzero temperatures in both summer and winter. both measures were found to be dependent on minimum freezing temperature and were cor ... | 2005 | 16313643 |
| simultaneous determination of seven triterpenoids and triterpenoid saponins in folium llicis purpureae by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection. | a new hplc coupled with evaporative light scattering detection method was established for the simultaneous determination of seven triterpenoids and triterpenoid saponins in folium ilicis purpureae traditional chinese medicinal herb derived from the leaf of ilex purpurea, namely, 3-omicron-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-d-[6-omicron-methyl-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-omicron-beta-d-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid (sq-1), pedunculoside (sq-2), 23-hydroxytormentic acid 28-omicron-beta-d-glucopyranosid ... | 2005 | 16318200 |
| interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three mediterranean quercus species. | shade and irrigation are frequently used to increase the success of mediterranean quercus spp. plantations. however, there is controversy about the combined effects of these treatments on plant performance. we assessed the effects of two irradiances (full sunlight and moderate shade) and two summer watering regimes (high (daily) and low (alternate days)) on leaf and whole-plant traits of 1-year-old seedlings of quercus coccifera, q. ilex subsp. ballota and q. faginea grown outdoors for 8.5 month ... | 2006 | 16356909 |
| spectrum of infection, risk and recommendations for prophylaxis and screening among patients with lymphoproliferative disorders treated with alemtuzumab*. | there is an increasing use of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of haematological malignancies. alemtuzumab (campath-1h; ilex pharmaceuticals, san antonio, tx, usa) is a monoclonal antibody reactive with the cd52 antigen used as first and second line therapy for two types of lymphoproliferative disorders: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll), and t-cell lymphomas [both peripheral (ptcl) and cutaneous (ctcl)]. with alemtuzumab therapy, viral, bacterial and fungal infectious complications are ... | 2006 | 16371014 |
| dynamics of the enhanced emissions of monoterpenes and methyl salicylate, and decreased uptake of formaldehyde, by quercus ilex leaves after application of jasmonic acid. | jasmonic acid (ja) is a signalling compound with a key role in both stress and development in plants, and is reported to elicit the emission of volatile organic compounds (vocs). here we studied the dynamics of such emissions and the linkage with photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance. we sprayed ja on leaves of the mediterranean tree species quercus ilex and measured the photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductances, and emissions and uptake of vocs using proton transfer reaction mass spec ... | 2006 | 16390425 |
| stir bar sorptive extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mate teas. | a simple procedure based on stir bar sorptive extraction (sbse) and high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (hplc-fld) is presented for the determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in herbal tea prepared with mate leaves (ilex paraguariensis st. hil.). the influence of methanol and salt addition to the samples, the extraction time, the desorption time and the number of desorption steps, as well as the matrix effect, were investigated. once the sbse method ... | 2005 | 16395787 |
| the use of ultrasound in the extraction of ilex paraguariensis leaves: a comparison with maceration. | the objective of this work is to discuss the main parameters that influence the sonication extraction of ilex paraguariensis leaves. for this purpose, the extraction time, solvent polarity, solvent volume, sample mass and particle size were evaluated. results showed that the main variable affecting the extraction process was the solvent polarity. though in a less extent, temperature and extraction time also demonstrated to be important parameters, while the other variables did not present a sign ... | 2007 | 16439181 |
| detection of tuber melanosporum dna in soil. | our objectives were (i) to develop a molecular method to detect mycelia of tuber melanosporum (black truffle) in soil and (ii) to test for mycelial distribution around two truffle-bearing quercus ilex trees in a truffle orchard. isolation of total dna from soil was performed, followed by pcr amplification with t. melanosporum-specific primers and restriction analysis. to address the detection sensitivity level, soil samples were inoculated with known amounts of gleba of t. melanosporum. the dete ... | 2006 | 16445753 |
| dimethylallyl diphosphate and geranyl diphosphate pools of plant species characterized by different isoprenoid emissions. | dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmadp) and geranyl diphosphate (gdp) are the last precursors of isoprene and monoterpenes emitted by leaves, respectively. dmadp and gdp pools were measured in leaves of plants emitting isoprene (populus alba), monoterpenes (quercus ilex and mentha piperita), or nonemitting isoprenoids (prunus persica). detectable pools were found in all plant species, but p. persica showed the lowest pool size, which indicates a limitation of the whole pathway leading to isoprenoid bi ... | 2006 | 16461390 |
| [interspecific association between understory species in a southern highland plantation]. | based upon 2 x 2 contingency table, chi2 test and association coefficient were used to determine the interspecific association between understory species in a southern highland plantation, and to analyze the restoration degree and the stability of southern highland vegetations originated from plantation. the qianyanzhou in taihe county of jiangxi province, a typical sample of southern highland plantation, was chosen to make the study. the results showed that both in shrub layer and in herb layer ... | 2005 | 16471332 |
| oral magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent based on ilex paraguayensis herbal extract. | in this article we demonstrate the potential of herbal extracts from yerba mate (ilex paraguayensis) as an oral contrast agent for mri. at typical drinking concentrations, yerba mate acts as a "biphasic" contrast agent with t1 weighting at short echo times and t2 weighting at echo times greater than about 40 ms. based on data obtained from x-ray fluorescence elemental analysis, nmr relaxometry, and esr we identify the relaxation agent in the extract as a low-molecular-weight manganese complex. y ... | 2006 | 16538607 |
| differential light responses of mediterranean tree saplings: linking ecophysiology with regeneration niche in four co-occurring species. | the ecophysiological mechanisms underlying plant-plant interactions and forest regeneration processes in mediterranean ecosystems are poorly understood, and the experimental evidence for the role of light availability in these processes is particularly scant. we analyzed the effects of high and low irradiances on 31 ecological, morphological and physiological variables in saplings of four late-successional mediterranean trees, two deciduous (acer opalus subsp. granatense (boiss.) font quer & rot ... | 2006 | 16585040 |
| acyl-coa: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors from ilex macropoda. | twigs from ilex macropoda were extracted with meoh, and the concentrated extracts were partitioned with ch2cl2, etoac, n-buoh, and h2o. repeated column chromatography of the ch2cl2 fraction ultimately resulted in the isolation of two compounds, via activity-guided fractionation, using acat inhibitory activity measurements. according to the physico-chemical data, the chemical structures of these isolated compounds were identified as lupeol (1) and betulin (2). compounds 1 and 2 were shown to inhi ... | 2006 | 16596989 |
| aqueous extract of ilex paraguariensis attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. | ilex paraguariensis aqueous extract (mate) is an antioxidant-rich beverage widely consumed in south american countries. here we questioned whether mate could reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in 1% cholesterol-fed rabbits. new zealand white male rabbits (n = 32) were divided into four groups: control (c, n = 5), control-mate (cm, n = 5), hypercholesterolemic (hc, n = 11) and hypercholesterolemic-mate (hcm, n = 11). the daily water and mate extract consumption was approximately 400 ml. af ... | 2006 | 16614483 |
| bladder cancer and mate consumption in argentina: a case-control study. | mate is a 'tea', made from ilex paraguariensis, widely consumed in south america, as mate con bombilla and mate cocido. mate consumption has been associated with esophageal, oral, lung, and bladder cancers. this bladder cancer case-control study involved 114 argentinean case-control pairs. mate consumption was recorded for time of interview, and 20 and 40 years previously. mate con bombilla consumed 20 years ago was associated with bladder cancer in ever-smokers (odds ratio=3.77, 95% confidence ... | 2007 | 16616809 |
| surveys of new and rare microfungi in the düsseltal (north rhine-westphalia)--germany. | in the years 2003 and 2004 we have observed an about 70 hectare large area in the düsseltal, the eastern part of the neandertal in north rhine-westphalia. there we collected on trees, bushes and herbs and found about 150 microfungi of which some are new for germany or the entire world. e.g.: pseudocercospora populigena n. ale-agha, u. braun & g.b. feige on populus berolinensis; vialaea insculpta (fr.) sacc. on ilex aquifolium l.; passalora amelopsidis (peck.) u. braun on parthenocissus quinquefo ... | 2005 | 16637187 |
| introduction of the factor of partitioning in the lithogenic enrichment factors of trace element bioaccumulation in plant tissues. | bioindicators are widely used in the study of trace elements inputs into the environment and great efforts have been conducted to separate atmospheric from soil borne inputs on biomass accumulation. many monitoring studies of trace element pollution take into account the dust particles located in the plant surface plus the contents of the plant tissues. however, it is usually only the trace element content in the plant tissues that is relevant on plant health. enrichment factor equations take in ... | 2006 | 16648953 |
| seasonal variations in water relations in current-year leaves of evergreen trees with delayed greening. | we investigated seasonal patterns of water relations in current-year leaves of three evergreen broad-leaved trees (ilex pedunculosa miq., ligustrum japonicum thunb., and eurya japonica thunb.) with delayed greening in a warm-temperate forest in japan. we used the pressure-volume method to: (1) assess the extent to which seasonal variation in leaf water relations is attributable to leaf development processes in delayed greening leaves versus seasonal variation in environmental variables; and (2) ... | 2006 | 16651252 |
| in situ estimates of variable plant resistance to water flux in ilex opaca ait. | xylem pressure potentials and stomatal diffusion resistances were measured in the field in ilex opaca ait. during days which differed in temperature and vapor pressure deficit. water flux into leaves was calculated by combining the field data with laboratory determinations of the relation between tissue water deficit and water potential. estimates of apparent plant resistance were then calculated from fluxes and differences between soil water potential and xylem tension. the resistance depended ... | 1978 | 16660281 |
| the effect of winter stress on ilex aquifolium l.previously fumigated with ozone. | european holly (ilex aquifolium) received either charcoal-filtered air (cfa) or cfa with 70 nl l(-1) ozone added for 7 h day(-1) over a 28 day period. plants were then transferred into cooling incubators for hardening (4 degrees c day/2 degrees c night; day length 12 h) for 7 days and then to the frosting stage (2 degrees c day and -5, -10 or -15 degrees c night) for 4 days. the plants were then placed in ambient conditions. treatment produced significant differences in chlorophyll fluorescence ... | 2007 | 16707198 |
| ozone induced leaf loss and decreased leaf production of european holly (ilex aquifolium l.) over multiple seasons. | european holly (ilex aquifolium l.) was used to study the impact of one short (28 day) ozone fumigation episode on leaf production, leaf loss and stomatal conductance (g(s)), in order to explore potential longer term effects over 3 growing seasons. young i. aquifolium plants received an episode of either charcoal-filtered air or charcoal-filtered air with 70 nl l(-1) o(3) added for 7 h d(-1) over a 28 day period from june 15th 1996, then placed into ambient environment, stoke-on-trent, u.k. data ... | 2007 | 16713048 |
| the use of compost in afforestation of mediterranean areas: effects on soil properties and young tree seedlings. | in mediterranean frequently burnt areas, fire and erosion result in the decrease of soil fertility, so afforestation is a major concern. we carried out an in situ experiment of compost amendment to improve survival and growth of planted tree seedlings. one-year-tree seedlings of native species (quercus ilex, pinus halepensis and pinus pinea) were planted on a frequently burnt calcareous site. three rates of fresh co-composted sewage sludge and greenwastes (control without compost, 20 and 40 kg m ... | 2006 | 16762400 |
| role of species diversity and secondary compound complementarity on diet selection of mediterranean shrubs by goats. | goats foraging on mediterranean shrubs containing secondary compounds (toxins) may consume a variety of shrubs that contain different phytotoxins, thereby increasing shrub intake and avoiding toxicosis. we conducted eight experiments to examine whether goats offered different mixtures of shrubs containing different phytotoxins (tannins and saponins) would consume more shrub biomass than goats offered one shrub a single phytotoxin (tannin or saponin). in the first three experiments, goats fed a m ... | 2006 | 16770718 |
| phylogenetic structure of floridian plant communities depends on taxonomic and spatial scale. | consideration of the scale at which communities are defined both taxonomically and spatially can reconcile apparently contradictory results on the extent to which plants show phylogenetic niche conservatism. in plant communities in north central florida, we collected species abundances in 55 0.1-ha plots in several state parks. when communities were defined narrowly to include a single phylogenetic lineage, such as quercus, pinus, or ilex, neighbors tended to be less related than expected (phylo ... | 2006 | 16922307 |