Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [blood leukotriene b4 response to endotoxin in fish oil fed rats]. | six-week-old male wistar rats were given a low fat diet containing 15% cod liver oil (fo; n = 30) or 15% safflower oil (so; n = 30) for 6 weeks. in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes, arachidonic acid (aa) was significantly lower in the fo group than in the so group (p < 0.001), and eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) in the fo group was present in large amounts showing the epa/aa ratio of 1.76. when lipopolysaccharide (lps; 10mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected, white blood cell counts in the blood sig ... | 1992 | 1333037 |
| structural transformation of lignan compounds in rat gastrointestinal tract. | structural transformation of arctiin and tracheloside, major components of seeds of arctium lappa and carthamus tinctorius, were investigated using rat gastric juice (ph 1.2-1.5) and rat large intestinal flora in vitro. quantitative analysis of lignans and their metabolites was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography. both lignans were stable in rat gastric juice and arctiin was rapidly transformed to arctigenin in rat large intestinal flora, followed by conversion to the major met ... | 1992 | 1336605 |
| vegetable oil fortified feeds in the nutrition of very low birthweight babies. | two kinds of oils (i) polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) rich safflower oil, and (ii) medium chain triglyceride (mct) rich coconut oil were added to the feeds of 46 very low birthweight (vlbw) babies to see if such a supplementation is capable of enhancing their weight gain. twenty two well matched babies who received no fortification served as controls. the oil fortification raised the energy density of the feeds from approximately 67 kcal/dl to 79 kcal/dl. feed volumes were restricted to a max ... | 1992 | 1345325 |
| lipid lowering effects of high linoleate and high alpha-linolenate diets in rats and mice. consequence of long-term feedings. | diets high in linoleate (safflower oil) or high in alpha-linolenate (perilla oil) were fed to rats for 11 months, and the effects of the diets on plasma and tissue lipids were compared. the plasma levels of total cholesterol (cho), phospholipids (pl) and triacylglycerol (tg) were significantly lower in the high alpha-linolenate group than in the high linoleate group, the differences being more than 30% in the levels of total cho and tg. the diets had differential effects on the lipid contents of ... | 1992 | 1358471 |
| modulation of dna modification (i-compound) levels in rat liver and kidney by dietary carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin, and mineral content. | i-compounds are dna modifications detected by 32p-postlabeling that increase with age in rodents without known carcinogen exposure. diet type (natural ingredient versus purified) greatly influences patterns and levels of i-compounds. to test the hypothesis that i-compound formation is affected, also, by dietary macro- and micronutrients, effects of carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin, and mineral content on rat liver and kidney i-compounds were determined. female sprague-dawley rats were fed bas ... | 1992 | 1372687 |
| study of mechanisms of glucocorticoid hypertension in rats: endothelial related changes and their amelioration by dietary fish oils. | 1. to investigate possible mechanisms of increased systolic blood pressure after 1 weeks treatment with dexamethasone and its amelioration by fish oil feeding, we have examined the reactivity of aortic rings and perfused mesenteric resistance vessels. 2. thirty six sprague-dawley rats were initially divided into two groups and fed a semisynthetic diet containing either (10% by weight) hydrogenated coconut oil and safflower oil mixture (hco/s) (24 rats) or fish oil (12 rats) for 5 weeks. from the ... | 1992 | 1393269 |
| effect of dietary fats on some membrane-bound enzyme activities, membrane lipid composition and fatty acid profiles of rat heart sarcolemma. | the effect of various dietary fats on membrane lipid composition, fatty acid profiles and membrane-bound enzyme activities of rat cardiac sarcolemma was assessed. four groups of male weanling charles foster young rats were fed diets containing 20% of groundnut, coconut, safflower or mustard oil for 16 weeks. cardiac sarcolemma was prepared from each group and the activities of na+, k(+)-atpase, 5'-nucleotidase, ca(2+)-atpase and acetylcholinesterase were examined. atpase activities were similar ... | 1992 | 1406062 |
| effects of various dietary fats on cardiolipin acyl composition during ontogeny of mice. | cardiolipin (cl) is a unique mitochondrial phospholipid, containing up to 85 wt% 18:2n-6 in mammals. the influence of maternal dietary fatty acids on the acyl composition of offspring cl has not been examined previously. adult female mice were thus fed diets rich in 18:1n-9 (olive oil), 18:2n-6 (safflower oil), 18:3n-3 (linseed oil) or 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 (fish oil/safflower, 9:1, w/w), for a five month period, encompassing two breeding cycles. offspring from the second breeding cycle were then ... | 1992 | 1406071 |
| [should i also eat fish oils? a critical assessment of the use of fish oils in the prevention of ischemic heart disease]. | the effect of a daily dietary supplement of 6 g fish oil (3.4 g eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) on body weight, blood pressure, bleeding time and blood lipids was assessed in an open trial. the fish oil was taken for four weeks by nine 30-55 year-old individuals. an age- and sex-matched control group took equivalent amounts of safflower oil, which has an overall fatty acid composition similar to the tested fish oil. the fish oil supplement caused significant changes in body weight (me ... | 1992 | 1413136 |
| phospholipid molecular species composition of mouse liver nuclei. influence of dietary n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters. | the effect of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) ethyl esters on the individual molecular species composition of phosphatidylcholine (pc) and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) was determined in mouse liver nuclei. after a 10 day feeding period, there was a depletion of the sn-2 position of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) and substitution with n-3 pufa. epa feeding significantly increased (p less than 0.05) diacyl pc and pe 16:0-20:5, n-3, 16:0-22:6,n-3, 18:0-20 ... | 1992 | 1417777 |
| hepatic acat activity in african green monkeys is highly correlated to plasma ldl cholesteryl ester enrichment and coronary artery atherosclerosis. | previous studies and this study of african green monkeys show a strong positive correlation between plasma low density lipoprotein (ldl) size and the extent of coronary artery atherosclerosis (caa). increased ldl size was principally due to the accumulation of cholesteryl oleate molecules within the particle core, suggesting that many of these cholesteryl esters were of tissue origin, i.e., from the acyl-coenzyme a:cholesterol acyltransferase (acat) reaction instead of the lecithin:cholesterol a ... | 1992 | 1420087 |
| enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids from rat retinal pigment epithelium to rod outer segments. | polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa), especially docosahexaenoic acid (dha, 22:6n-3), are enriched in phospholipids of vertebrate rod outer segments (ros). retinal ros can incorporate 22 carbon (c-22) pufa from the plasma pool where c-20 pufa are predominant. in this study, we analyzed the fatty acid composition of retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) and ros from rats fed different fatty acid supplements to determine whether this enrichment is at the photoreceptor-rpe boundary or the rpe-choriocapill ... | 1992 | 1424722 |
| dietary fat and colon cancer: animal model studies. | since it was first suggested that high dietary fat is a risk factor in colon cancer, there have been several studies to test this hypothesis. epidemiologic studies suggested a positive association between dietary fat and colon cancer. laboratory animal model studies demonstrated that not only the amount of fat, but also types of fat differing in fatty acid composition are important determining factors in colon tumor development. chemically-induced colon tumor incidence was increased in rats fed ... | 1992 | 1435100 |
| a model system for studying nutritional interventions on colon tumor growth: effects of marine oil. | lipid nutrition effects were evaluated on the growth of a transplantable colon tumor (ct-26) at various sites in the balb/c mouse. ct-26 implanted into the back or flank of these mice grew well independent of the quality or quantity of fat in the diet. however, when implanted in the mid-portion of the descending colon, tumor growth was related to the level of dietary saturated (coconut oil) or n-6 unsaturated (safflower oil) fat in the diet. similar findings were obtained when the tumor was util ... | 1992 | 1442289 |
| effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the vascular response to angiotensin in normotensive men. | there is a widespread interest in fish oil as a dietary supplement and possible nonpharmacologic adjunct in the treatment of hypertension. the effect of dietary fish oil on blood pressure is controversial and the effect on systemic hemodynamics and regional vascular reactivity in humans is unknown. to address these questions, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study on the effect of dietary fish oil substitution was performed during a carefully controlled diet in 8 normotensive men. s ... | 1992 | 1442589 |
| effects of repeated gestation and lactation on milk n-6 fatty acid composition in rats fed on a diet rich in 18:2n-6 or 18:3n-6. | the present study examined the effect of repeated gestation and lactation on the levels of long-chain n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat milk fat, and examined whether such levels might be modulated by supplementing the diet of the lactating dams with either (g/kg) 50 safflower oil (sfo; containing 800 g 18:2n-6/kg), or 50 evening primrose oil (epo; containing 720 g 18:2n-6 and 90 g 18:3n-6/kg). the milk was collected at three different times (days 1, 8 and 15) in each given lactation period ... | 1992 | 1445816 |
| inhibition of phenytoin bioactivation and teratogenicity by dietary n-3 fatty acids in mice. | evidence suggests that the teratogenicity of the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin (dph) can result from its bioactivation via embryonic prostaglandin synthase and/or maternal cytochromes p450. this study examined whether dph bioactivation and teratogenicity could be reduced by dietary n-3 fatty acids. female cd-1 mice were fed diets containing 2 wt% safflower oil and 10 wt% of either hydrogenated coconut oil, safflower oil, or a cod liver oil/linseed oil mixture (clo/lo) for three weeks prior to im ... | 1992 | 1487972 |
| dietary fish oil delays puberty in female rats. | marine oils contain eicosapentaenoic acid, a fatty acid that competes for cyclooxygenase and reduces the synthesis of dienoic prostanoids including prostaglandin e2 (pge2). since pge2 plays an important role in the estrogen-stimulated release of hypothalamic gnrh on proestrus, it was postulated that a diet containing fish oil would delay first ovulation through inhibitory effects on gnrh release. thirty, 22-day-old female sprague-dawley rats were fed a diet containing fish oil ad libitum. contro ... | 1992 | 1493187 |
| lactational responses of dairy cows fed unsaturated dietary fat and receiving bovine somatotropin. | feeding unsaturated dietary fat to lactating dairy cows receiving bst may effectively alter the fatty acid composition of milk fat. this was tested using 16 holstein cows assigned to one of four treatments during midlactation. treatments were control, control diet with 15.5 mg of bst/d per cow, dietary fat from sunflower seeds and bst, or dietary fat from safflower seeds and bst. diets were formulated to contain 19% cp and contained 25% corn silage, 25% alfalfa hay, and 50% concentrate mix on a ... | 1992 | 1500589 |
| selective growth inhibition of a human malignant melanoma cell line by sesame oil in vitro. | ayurveda, an ancient and comprehensive system of natural medicine, recommends regular topical application to the skin of sesame oil, above all other oils, as a health-promoting procedure. we examined the effect of sesame oil and several other vegetable oils and their major component fatty acids on the proliferation rate of human normal and malignant melanocytes growing at similar rates in serum-free media. we found that sesame and safflower oils, both of which contain large amounts of linoleate ... | 1992 | 1502251 |
| effects of stearic acid and beef tallow on iron utilization by the rat. | two experiments were done in which anemic rats were fed diets containing safflower oil or stearic acid and low (10 ppm) or adequate (39-42 ppm) iron. diets were 24% fat by weight. in the stearic acid diets, 2% (experiment 1) or 4% (experiment 2) of the fat was supplied by safflower oil to satisfy essential fatty acid requirements. repletion of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and liver iron was assessed. compared with safflower oil in both experiments, stearic acid had a significant positive effect (p le ... | 1992 | 1508937 |
| effects of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid balance on tissue lipid levels, fatty acid patterns, and eicosanoid production in rats. | the effect of varying n-6/n-3 ratios (0.6-10.2) of dietary fats on various lipid parameters was examined in rats under a constant p/s ratio (1.4-1.5) with sardine oil as the source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) by a combination of palm and safflower oils. the concentration of serum cholesterol tended to increase with n-6/n-3 of up to approximately 2, whereas aortic cholesterol decreased. the proportion of arachidonic acid in liver, heart, and aorta phosphatidylcholine increased linear ... | 1992 | 1525431 |
| volatile compound content and fatty acid composition of pork as influenced by linoleic acid content of the diet. | eighty pigs (average weight of 60 kg) were allotted by weight and sex to pens and treatments. there were four dietary treatments, five pens per treatment, and four pigs per pen. diets consisted of a typical corn-soybean mix containing 9% total fat, 3% from the corn-soybean mix and 6% added. the four dietary treatments included 1) 6% safflower oil, 2) 4% safflower oil and 2% tallow, 3) 2% safflower oil and 4% tallow, and 4) 6% tallow, resulting in 6.1, 4.6, 3.2, and 1.76% linoleic acid, respectiv ... | 1992 | 1526908 |
| reduction of cholesterol absorption by dietary oleinate and fish oil in african green monkeys. | to determine whether diets enriched in monounsaturated or n-3 fatty acids cause a reduction in cholesterol absorption relative to those more enriched in saturated fatty acids, we measured cholesterol absorption in 18 african green monkeys fed diets enriched in lard, oleinate (oleic acid-rich safflower oil), or fish oil at two levels of dietary cholesterol (0.05 vs. 0.77 mg/kcal). all animals were initially challenged with the lard, high cholesterol diet to ascertain their responsiveness to dieta ... | 1992 | 1527479 |
| attenuation of cyclosporine-induced hypertension by dietary fatty acids in the borderline hypertensive rat. | the effects of dietary (10% calories) safflower (saf), evening primrose (epo), and fish oil (f) as sources of linoleic acid (control), gamma-linolenic acid, and long-chain n-3 fatty acids, respectively, on cardiovascular and renal responses to chronic (5 weeks) cyclosporine administration were studied in male borderline hypertensive rats. in one experiment (n = 9/group), oral administration of csa at 0.1 mg/kg.day significantly increased awake systolic blood pressure vs. placebo in saf-fed rats ... | 1992 | 1549860 |
| influence of dietary fat on the pharmacodynamics of propafenone in isolated, perfused rabbit hearts. | the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids in sarcolemma may significantly influence cell membrane functions. we evaluated the effects of dietary fat on the pharmacodynamics of the antiarrhythmic drug propafenone in isolated, perfused rabbit hearts. | 1992 | 1555290 |
| effect of a diet deficient in essential fatty acids on the translocation of intestinal bacteria. | normal intestinal bacteria can initiate systemic disease by translocating out of the intestinal lumen to extraintestinal sites such as the mesenteric lymph nodes (mln), liver, and spleen. to determine whether dietary essential fatty acids can affect the incidence of bacterial translocation, separate groups of mice were fed one of two diets for 8 days: an essential fatty acid-replete diet (efa-r) containing a basal formula supplemented with arginine, yeast rna, menhaden oil, and safflower oil, or ... | 1992 | 1556805 |
| effects of dietary n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipoproteins and intimal foam cell accumulation in the casein-fed rabbit. | this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dietary n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipoprotein profiles and intimal foam cell accumulation in rabbits fed a cholesterol-free semipurified casein diet for 10 weeks. diets were supplemented with a low-cholesterol fish oil preparation (maxepa) or a mixture of corn, palm, and safflower oils with a polyunsaturated/saturated (p/s) fatty acid ratio equivalent to the maxepa. plasma cholesterol levels in both groups doubled after two weeks on di ... | 1992 | 1572109 |
| composition and flavor of milk and butter from cows fed unsaturated dietary fat and receiving bovine somatotropin. | composition and flavor of milk and butter were evaluated from cows divided into four treatments including a control, control with bst, added dietary fat from sunflower seeds with bst, or added dietary fat from safflower seeds with bst. feeding added unsaturated dietary fat resulted in lower concentrations of short-and medium-chain and higher concentrations of long-chain fatty acids in milk fat and butter. milk fat unsaturated fatty acid concentrations were 25.0, 28.4, 39.6, and 37.9%, and butter ... | 1992 | 1578033 |
| effect of maternal dietary fats with variable n-3/n-6 ratios on tissue fatty acid composition in suckling mice. | this report examines the distribution of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in heart, kidney and liver phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine of suckling mice from dams fed a fat-supplemented diet with variable n-3/n-6 ratios. after conception and throughout the pregnancy and lactation period, dams were fed a fat-free liquid diet supplemented with 20% by energy of oil mixtures (fish oil concentrate, rich in 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, and safflower oil concentrate, rich in 18:2n-6). the diets contained ... | 1992 | 1579054 |
| does a threshold for the effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of nuclear envelope phospholipids exist? | existence of a dietary maximal level or threshold for incorporation of omega 3 fatty acids into membrane phospholipids is of interest as it may further define understanding of the dietary requirement for omega 3 fatty acids. to test whether feeding increasing levels of dietary omega 3 fatty acids continues to increase membrane omega 3 fatty acid content, weanling rats were fed a nutritionally adequate semipurified diet which provided increasing amounts of c20 and c22 omega 3 fatty acids, such as ... | 1992 | 1579060 |
| the effects of dietary n-3/n-6 ratio on brain development in the mouse: a dose response study with long-chain n-3 fatty acids. | this study examines the effects of the ratio of n-3/n-6 fatty acids (fa) on brain development in mice when long-chain n-3 fa are supplied in the diet. from conception until 12 days after birth, b6d2f1 mice were fed liquid diets, each providing 10% of energy from olive oil, and a further 10% from different combinations of free fa concentrates derived from safflower oil (18:2n-6), and fish oil (20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3). the range of dietary n-3/n-6 ratios was 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0, with an n- ... | 1992 | 1579061 |
| minimum requirements of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids for the function of the central nervous system and for the prevention of chronic disease. | general behavioral patterns of rats or mice fed 5 wt% safflower oil (75% linoleate [n-6] and less than 0.1% alpha-linolenate [n-3]) for two generations were significantly different from those of animals fed 5 wt% perilla oil (15% n-6 and 55% n-3). also, brightness-discrimination learning ability and retinal function were higher in the perilla group than in the group fed 5 wt% soybean oil (53% n-6 and 4.7% n-3) or safflower oil, indicating that the requirement of n-3 for the maximum responses of ... | 1992 | 1579578 |
| dietary enrichment with omega-3 fatty acids partially protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced atrial depression in rats. | we tested the hypothesis that pretreatment with a diet enriched with omega-3 fatty acids can prevent lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced atrial dysfunction. sprague-dawley rats were fed a diet containing 20% safflower oil (control diet; cd) or 19.5% menhaden/0.5% safflower oil (experimental diet; ed). after 28 days, the animals were injected i.v. with lps (20 mg/kg) or normal saline (s). two hours later, the atria were harvested, connected to a force displacement transducer-amplifier-recorder syste ... | 1992 | 1582005 |
| use of intravenous lipid and hyperbilirubinemia in the first week. | serum triglycerides, free fatty acids, unconjugated bilirubin, and albumin were evaluated in 40 neonates receiving 0.5-3.5 g/kg/day of a 50/50 soybean-safflower lipid emulsion infused during 18 h. the purpose of the study was to evaluate lipid tolerance and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia according to our total parenteral nutrition protocol, which initiates lipid on postnatal day 4. mean serum triglycerides and free fatty acids were within the range of prelipid infusion values at all dosages, an ... | 1992 | 1593367 |
| linoleate produces remission in canine mycosis fungoides. | linoleic acid (la) administered orally as safflower oil (sfo), which is 76% la, produced remission in 6 out of 8 dogs with mycosis fungoides (mf). following each feeding of sfo on 5 successive days to a normal dog peak plasma levels of non-esterified (free) la in excess of 200 microm were observed. no clinical toxicity was observed from the sfo feedings in the normal or mf animals at the levels of sfo (3 ml/kg) used in these studies. however, a marked rise in white blood cells (wbc) and lymphocy ... | 1992 | 1596872 |
| implications of modifying cardiolipin acyl composition by diet. 1. cardiolipin acyl chain is an important determinant in the binding to antiphospholipid antibodies in sle sera. | antiphospholipid antibodies (apl), prevalent in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), have been linked to thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, recurrent miscarriages, neurological disorders and ischemic heart disease. most evidence suggests that phosphodiester-linked phosphate groups are the reactive epitope of cardiolipin (cl) in binding to apl. little attention has been given to the acyl moiety. to address this problem we have evaluated the elisa binding of 12 highly positive igg ... | 1992 | 1627234 |
| effects of fish and safflower oil feeding on subcellular glucose transporter distributions in rat adipocytes. | effects of fish oil feeding on glucose transport systems and cell size in rat adipocytes were examined and compared with those of safflower oil or carbohydrate feeding under isoenergy intake conditions. glucose transport activity was assessed by measuring 3-o-methyl-d-glucose transport. the concentration of erythrocyte type glucose transporter (glut-1) and muscle/fat type transporter (glut-4) was measured by immunoblotting. the amount of each transporter in intact cells was estimated by the amou ... | 1992 | 1636703 |
| dietary fatty acids temporarily alter liver very long-chain fatty acid composition in mice. | to determine the influence of dietary fatty acids on tissue very long-chain fatty acid (vlfa) composition, mice were fed four diets containing 15 g fat/100 g diet derived largely from either safflower oil, peanut oil, olive oil or glycerol trioleate oil. the diets varied widely in the composition of vlfa and other fatty acids. digestibility of total dietary vlfa ranged from 84.6% in mice fed the glycerol trioleate diet to 96.7% in those fed the safflower oil diet. after 3 mo, the saturated vlfa ... | 1992 | 1640260 |
| effect of different dietary triglycerides on liver fatty acids and prostaglandin synthesis by mouse peritoneal cells. | the effect of dietary triglycerides varying in fatty acid composition on the tissue fatty acids and prostaglandin synthesis was studied in mice. the dietary fats were medium-chain triglycerides (rich in c8:0 and c10:0), structured lipids (rich in 12:0), high oleic sunflower oil (rich in 18:1), corn oil (rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids), and menhaden oil (rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) fed at 5% by weight in refined diets. the medium chain fatty acids c8 to c12 from medium-chain ... | 1992 | 1640628 |
| short-term dietary lipid manipulation does not affect survival in two models of murine sepsis. | dietary lipid manipulation has been shown to have various effects on the immune system, depending on the amount of fat, degree of saturation, and type of fat used. in this study we investigated the role of different sources of fat at different levels on the survival of mice in two models of peritonitis, one with pseudomonas aeruginosa and the other with salmonella typhimurium. cf1 mice were pair-fed diets with 5% or 40% of total calories as fat. the source of fat used was coconut oil, oleic acid ... | 1992 | 1640632 |
| how does fish oil lower plasma triglycerides? | studies using dietary fish oil, safflower oil, and palm oil suggest that the decrease in plasma triacylglycerol due to dietary fish oils is somehow related to a decrease in the capacity of the liver to hydrolyze the phosphatidate, which then affects microsomal synthesis of triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol. | 1992 | 1641198 |
| elimination of pbbs in rats. effect of mineral oil and/or feed restriction. | rats were fed polybrominated biphenyls (pbbs) at 0.1 to 100.0 ppm for 14 d and then treated to hasten the removal of pbbs with 0, 5, or 10% mineral oil (mo) and/or 0, 15, 30, or 45% feed restriction (fr) for 21 d. pbb body burdens were determined at d 14 and expressed on a log-log basis by y = 0.91x + 2.179 (r2 = 0.974), where x = log of pbb concentration in diet (ppm) and y = log of pbb body burden (micrograms). after 21 d withdrawal, body burdens were expressed by the equation y = 0.787x + 2.2 ... | 1991 | 1646894 |
| complete cloning of the chloroplast genome of safflower in lambda embl3 and mapping of 23s and 16s rrna genes. | a recombinant dna library was constructed from partial bamhi or mboi digests of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) chloroplast dna, in the bamhi site of lambda embl3. seventeen lambda recombinants, selected by chromosome walking, were found to contain overlapping fragments of the entire chloroplast genome. these clones were mapped using single and double digests of bamhi, ecori and hindiii. cdnas synthesized from isolated 16s and 23s chloroplast rrnas were used to map the ribosomal rna genes re ... | 1991 | 1646953 |
| possible involvement of delta-6-desaturase in control of melanoma growth by gamma-linolenic acid. | this study examined the effects of linoleic acid (la) and gamma-linolenic acid (gla) on bl6 melanoma growth in cell culture and of safflower oil (sfo) which contains la and evening primrose oil (epo) which contains gla, on melanoma growth when grown in mice. the delta-6-desaturase activity of the melanoma cells in the two systems was also examined and an attempt made to relate the activity of the enzyme to the effects of gla on cell and tumour growth. la and gla were found to be equipotent in in ... | 1991 | 1650000 |
| effect of dietary menhaden oil on normal growth and development and on ameliorating mucosal injury in rats. | we evaluated the effects of menhaden oil on growth and development of the small intestinal mucosa in growing rats and on the progression and resolution of methotrexate-induced mucosal injury in the rats. one study compared effects of diets containing 10% safflower oil(so), 9% so and 1% menhaden oil (mo), 10% mo, or 9% mo and 1% so on mucosal growth and development for 125 d. in another study, animals fed the 10% mo or the 10% so diet for 5 wk were subjected to subcutaneous methotrexate injection ... | 1991 | 1650126 |
| effect of dietary (n-3) and (n-6) fatty acids on in vivo pulmonary bacterial clearance by neonatal rabbits. | intrapulmonary bacterial clearance, lung inflammatory cell recruitment and macrophage superoxide generating capacity were studied in newborn rabbits nursed by their mother and given a supplement of either high [5 g/(kg.d)] or low [0.22 g/(kg.d)] doses of fish oil, safflower oil or saline for 7 d after birth. the high dose fish and safflower oil regimens diminished lung clearance of inspired staphylococcus aureus by approximately 50% compared with the saline controls, but they did not alter lung ... | 1991 | 1650400 |
| effects of solvent extraction on the hypocholesterolaemic action of oat bran in the rat. | in adult male rats fed on a cholesterol-free synthetic diet, plasma cholesterol concentrations were lowest with oat bran, intermediate with cellulose and highest with wheat bran. plasma triacylglycerols (tag) were similar with wheat bran and cellulose but higher with oat bran. the concentrations and pools of caecal volatile fatty acids (vfa) were lowest with cellulose and equally higher with oat bran and wheat bran. plasma vfa concentrations in the hepatic portal vein reflected those in caecal d ... | 1991 | 1652281 |
| the mitochondrial genome of safflower: isolation and restriction fragment analysis of dna from cms and restorer lines. | mitochondria were isolated and purified from paired lines of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) restorer and cytoplasmic male sterile plants using isopycnic gradient centrifugation in isoosmotic percoll. agarose gel electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease digested dnas showed characteristic polymorphism. restriction fragments representing about 75% of the mitochondrial genome were common to both the fertile and cms plants, but differed significantly in stoichiometric amounts. the remaining ... | 1991 | 1672556 |
| effect of dietary fat on the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by diethylnitrosamine or 2-acetylaminofluorene in rats. | the purpose of this study was to determine if increasing dietary fat, either as saturated fat or polyunsaturated fat, would alter initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by diethylnitrosamine (den) or 2-acetylaminofluorene (aaf). rats were fed one of three purified diets: a low-fat (lf) diet (containing 5% of calories as safflower oil), a high saturated fat (hsf) diet (containing 48% of calories as palm oil) and a high polyunsaturated fat (hpuf) diet (containing 48% of calories as safflower oil). fou ... | 1991 | 1675161 |
| the effect of three intravenous fat emulsions containing different concentrations of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids on the plasma total fatty acid profile of neonates. | we determined the fatty acid profile of total plasma lipids in infants who received one of three intravenous fat emulsions that differed primarily in their linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid content: (i) a safflower oil emulsion, (ii) a 50:50 mixture of safflower and soybean oils, or (iii) a soybean oil emulsion. after 2 weeks of fat therapy, oleic acid, expressed as a percentage of total plasma lipid fatty acids, decreased in all groups, but less so in group iii (p less than 0.01). the linoleic ... | 1991 | 1676411 |
| effects of diets high in saturated fatty acids, canola oil, or safflower oil on platelet function, thromboxane b2 formation, and fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids. | platelet function and fatty acid composition were investigated in 30 healthy male subjects who ate a controlled-saturated-fatty-acid (baseline) diet for 3 wk and then consumed either safflower oil or canola oil as a major fat source for 8 wk. fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids reflected changes in dietary fatty acid composition. compared with baseline a 35% decrease (p less than 0.05) in arachidonic acid was observed in platelet phospholipids of the canola-oil diet group while long ... | 1991 | 1677525 |
| effect of dietary alpha-linolenate on platelet-activating factor production in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the effects of dietary alpha-linolenate (18:3, n-3) and linoleate (18:2, n-6) on platelet-activating factor (paf) production were examined. rats were fed an alpha-linolenic acid-rich (perilla oil) diet or a linoleic acid-rich (safflower oil) diet for 6 wk, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) were elicited by peritoneal injection of casein. the overall phospholipid content and composition as well as the subclass distribution of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids in pmn were not alte ... | 1991 | 1679081 |
| inhibitory effect of dietary perilla oil rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid on colon carcinogenesis in rats. | the inhibitory effect of dietary perilla oil rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid against colon carcinogenesis was investigated in rats. four groups of 26 f344 rats each received an intrarectal dose of 2 mg of n-methyl-n-nitrosourea 3 times a week for 2 weeks, and received a diet containing 12% perilla oil, 6% or 12% safflower oil (rich in the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid), or 12% palm oil (rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids). at week 35, ... | 1991 | 1683347 |
| cholecystokinin antagonist prevents hyperamylasemia and improves pancreatic exocrine function in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. | supramaximal cerulein administration induces acute pancreatitis, which markedly impairs pancreatic secretion in conscious rats. we hypothesized that pretreatment with the potent cholecystokinin antagonist, l-364,718, improves the pancreatic secretory impairment associated with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. rats were surgically prepared with gastric, duodenal, bile, and pancreatic fistulas and jugular vein catheters. on postoperative day 4, groups of rats were administered (a) l-364,718 1 ... | 1990 | 1696383 |
| comparison between the effects of dietary saturated (16:0), monounsaturated (18:1), and polyunsaturated (18:2) fatty acids on plasma lipoprotein metabolism in cebus and rhesus monkeys fed cholesterol-free diets. | cebus and rhesus monkeys were fed cholesterol-free diets providing 40% of energy as fat for 6-wk periods. the fats were high-linoleic acid safflower oil (hlso), high-oleic acid safflower oil (hoso), or palm oil (po), rich in polyunsaturated (18:2), monounsaturated (18:1), or saturated (16:0) fatty acids, respectively. in cebus monkeys, plasma cholesterol concentrations during hlso intake were 17-19% lower than those during hoso or po intake, attributed to a decrease in high-density lipoprotein ( ... | 1992 | 1728820 |
| blood pressure reduction by fish oil in adult rats with established hypertension--dependence on sodium intake. | the effects of fish oil combined with dietary sodium restriction on blood pressure and mesenteric vascular resistance were examined in a series of experiments with adult normotensive (wky) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (shrsp). rats were fed normal or low sodium diets containing fish oil, olive oil or safflower oil. small but significant reductions of blood pressure (measured directly in conscious rats) were seen in shrsp but not in wky after 8 weeks on a fish oil/low sodium d ... | 1991 | 1745652 |
| dietary fish oil administration retards the development of hypertension and influences vascular neuroeffector function in the stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (shrsp). | an influence of fish oils (rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, epa) in modulating (a) the development of hypertension in the stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (shrsp) and (b) vascular neuroeffector mechanisms in the shrsp was explored. rats (shrsp) were placed on a series of diets for a period of 13 weeks from 4 weeks of age. the fatty acid composition of the diets was derived from fish oil, olive oil, safflower oil or beef fat. after 13 weeks, rats fed diets containing fish oil (at a total ... | 1991 | 1745653 |
| ricinoleic acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol assembly in microsomal preparations from developing castor-bean (ricinus communis) endosperm. | microsomal membrane preparations from the developing endosperm of castor bean (ricinus communis) catalysed the transfer of oleate from [14c]oleoyl-coa to phosphatidylcholine (ptdcho). in the presence of nadh, radioactive ricinoleate (12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate) was synthesized from [14c]oleate, and this was largely recovered in ptdcho and as free fatty acid. the addition of unlabelled ricinoleoyl-coa to these incubation mixtures did not increase the low [14c]ricinoleate concentration found in th ... | 1991 | 1747126 |
| effects of fish oil on graft arteriosclerosis and mhc class ii antigen expression in rat heterotopic cardiac allografts. | the effect of fish oil on accelerated graft coronary arteriosclerosis was assessed in lewis to brown-norway rat heterotopic cardiac allografts. twelve brown-norway rats were supplemented with 2 ml/kg/day of fish oil (68.3 mg eicosopentaenoic acid and 47.5 mg decosahexaenoic acid per milliliter). eleven additional animals, receiving an isocaloric amount of safflower oil, served as control. all diets began 1 week before operation. immunosuppression was obtained with low-dose cyclosporine (2 mg/kg/ ... | 1991 | 1756147 |
| metabolic effects of coconut, safflower, or menhaden oil feeding in lean and obese zucker rats. | the aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of fish oil feeding in obese zucker rats to establish its suitability as an animal model of hyperlipidaemia, and to understand the possible mechanism of fish oil-induced perturbations in cell metabolism. lean and obese zucker rats were fed on diets containing 180 g coconut, safflower, or menhaden oil/kg for 10 weeks. body-weights and food intakes of lean coconut (lc), safflower (ls), and menhaden (lm) groups were similar. obese menhad ... | 1991 | 1760446 |
| hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in pregnant and fetal rats: effect of maternal dietary fat and cholestyramine. | previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that 20% rather than 5% (wt/wt) safflower oil or addition of 5% (wt/wt) cholestyramine to the diet of pregnant rats leads to an increase in the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coa reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, in the fetal liver. total cholesterol, however, was not altered in fetal plasma or liver. the effect of these diets on cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in vivo was therefore studied in fetal ... | 1991 | 1765816 |
| differential effects of fish oil, safflower oil and palm oil on fatty acid oxidation and glycerolipid synthesis in rat liver. | studies were conducted to explore the mechanisms by which dietary fish oil decreases hepatic triglyceride secretion. forty-five rats (15/group) were fed purified diets containing 10% fat as either fish oil, safflower oil or palm oil for 10 d. plasma triglyceride concentration was lowest in the fish oil-fed group followed by the groups fed safflower oil and palm oil. the liver's capacity to oxidize fatty acids was assessed by assays of mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathways in whol ... | 1991 | 1765819 |
| a historical perspective and review of the safety of lipid emulsion in pregnancy. | total parenteral nutrition for pregnant patients is essential to maintain or restore optimal nutritional status for both the mother and fetus when adequate protein and caloric intake by the oral or enteral route is not feasible. this report reviews the safety of intravenous lipid emulsions in total parenteral nutrition programs for pregnant patients. controversy regarding the adverse effects of intravenous lipid emulsion when administered to pregnant patients is based on early reports of the use ... | 1991 | 1775114 |
| reduction of cellular damage induced by cerebral ischemia in rats. | a model of incomplete cerebral ischemia involving bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries in rats, was used to examine the potential of a chinese herbal preparation and of nifedipine to reduce cell damage following cerebral ischemia. the herbal preparation contained ginsengosides and extracts of panax notoginseng, ligusticum chuanxiong hort., carthamus tinctorius l. and salvia militorrhiza bge. histological evidence of cell damage and the formation of peroxidation products were both re ... | 1991 | 1791915 |
| effect of dietary safflower phospholipid on plasma and liver lipids in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. | the effect of safflower phospholipid (sp) on plasma and liver lipids in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet was examined. triglyceride mixture (spo) of safflower oil and palm oil (8:2) containing almost comparable amounts of linoleic acid to safflower phospholipid was used as a control diet. similarly, the effect of paste safflower phospholipid (psp) which contains approximately 45% of neutral lipid was also compared to safflower oil (so). concentrations of total cholesterol in plasma and liver ... | 1991 | 1819647 |
| the effects of low doses of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. a randomized controlled trial. | the potential antihypertensive effects after prolonged use of small doses of fish oils remain undefined. therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover study comparing low doses of n-3 fatty acid supplementation with n-6 fatty acids on blood pressure in 33 subjects with mild hypertension. after a 6-week stabilization period, subjects ingested either 2.04 g/d of n-3 fatty acids or safflower oil (4.8 g/d of linoleic acid) for 12 weeks, then crossed over to the alternative ... | 1991 | 1828336 |
| conservation of docosahexaenoic acid in rod outer segments of rat retina during n-3 and n-6 fatty acid deficiency. | we investigated the mechanism by which rat retina conserves docosahexaenoic acid during essential fatty acid deficiency. weanling female albino rats were fed diets containing either 10% by weight hydrogenated coconut oil, safflower oil, or linseed oil for 15 weeks. plasma and rod outer segment (ros) membranes were prepared for fatty acid and phospholipid molecular species analysis. in addition, retinas were removed for morphometric analysis. we found the following: (1) plasma phospholipids and c ... | 1991 | 1833510 |
| light damage in the rat retina: the effect of dietary deprivation of n-3 fatty acids on acute structural alterations. | we investigated the effect of depleting membrane docosahexaenoic acid (dha, 22:6n-3) content through dietary deprivation of n-3 fatty acids on the susceptibility of the photoreceptors and pigment epithelium cells to acute light-induced changes. male sprague-dawley rats were raised throughout gestation, lactation and up to the age of 8 weeks on semi-purified diets containing either safflower oil (sfo, n-3 deficient diet) or soybean oil (so) as the sole source of lipids. a third group was switched ... | 1991 | 1838336 |
| recycling of docosahexaenoic acid in rat retinas during n-3 fatty acid deficiency. | about 50% of the fatty acids in retinal rod outer segments is docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)], a member of the linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)] family of essential fatty acids. dietary deprivation of n-3 fatty acids leads to only modest changes in 22:6(n-3) levels in the retina. we investigated the mechanism(s) by which the retina conserves 22:6(n-3) during n-3 fatty acid deficiency. weanling rats were fed diets containing 10% (wt/wt) hydrogenated coconut oil (no n-3 or n-6 fatty acids), linseed oil ... | 1991 | 1840067 |
| [suppressive effects of safflower yellow on immune functions]. | safflower yellow (sy) extracted from carthamus tinctorius l contained chalconoid compounds, 75% of which was safflomin a. sy ip 50-450 mg.kg-1.d-1 x 6-8 d in mice decreased serum lysozyme concentration and phagocytosing functions of both peritoneal macrophages and peripheral leukocytes; diminished the production of plaque forming cells, specific rosette forming cells, and antibody; inhibited delayed type hypersensitivity reaction and the activation of t suppressor cells elicited by supraoptimal ... | 1991 | 1840455 |
| effect of diet on hyperthermia-induced cell lethality and prostaglandin release. | hyperthermia-induced cell lethality is thought to be mediated through injury to the cell membrane. membrane perturbation results in the release of prostaglandins (pg) and leukotrienes (lt). these compounds are potent biological mediators and may modify the tumor microenvironment and therapeutic efficacy. membrane composition and pg/lt release are influenced by the dietary fatty acids. the relationship between these variables and response to hyperthermia was examined in vitro using murine p388 le ... | 1991 | 1862229 |
| dose response of fish oil versus safflower oil on graft arteriosclerosis in rabbit heterotopic cardiac allografts. | with the advent of cyclosporin a, accelerated coronary arteriosclerosis has become the major impediment to the long-term survival of heart transplant recipients. due to epidemiologic reports suggesting a salutary effect of fish oil, the dose response of fish oil on graft coronary arteriosclerosis in a rabbit heterotopic cardiac allograft model was assessed using safflower oil as a caloric control. seven groups of new zealand white rabbits (n = 10/group) received heterotropic heart transplants fr ... | 1991 | 1867523 |
| the effects of evening primrose oil, safflower oil and paraffin on plasma fatty acid levels in humans: choice of an appropriate placebo for clinical studies on primrose oil. | in a number of diseases, plasma levels of linoleic acid are normal or elevated while those of gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6, gla) and further metabolites are below normal. evening primrose oil (epo), similar to safflower oil (sfo) except that it contains 8-9% of 18:3n-6, has been proposed as a therapeutic agent in these diseases, such as atopic eczema. there is argument as to whether an appropriate placebo for clinical studies on epo should be an inert material such as paraffin, or a linoleic ac ... | 1991 | 1871175 |
| ethanol inhalation and dietary n-6, n-3, and n-9 fatty acids in the rat: effect on platelet and aortic fatty acid composition. | the effects of 18-carbon n-6, n-3, and n-9 fatty acid diets and ethanol exposure on the fatty acyl composition of platelets and vascular tissue were examined. an experimental design was devised to control the dietary content of 18-carbon fatty acids. the levels of 18:3n6, 18:3n3 and 18:1n9 were varied by a formulation of dietary oils which contained similar proportions of 18:2n6. male sprague-dawley rats were fed a purified diet containing 11% by weight of either borage oil (bor) rich in 18:3n6, ... | 1991 | 1877733 |
| effect of coconut oil & safflower oil on lipids in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. | effect of feeding safflower oil and coconut oil in experimental myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats was studied. based on the survival rate and histopathological examination, safflower oil was found to offer better protection than coconut oil. serum got levels also confirmed the protective activity of safflower oil. the concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in the heart and aorta were lower in the safflower oil fed group, while the level of phospholipids was higher. | 1991 | 1879889 |
| molecular cloning, induction and taxonomic distribution of caffeoyl-coa 3-o-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in disease resistance. | trans-caffeoyl-coa 3-o-methyltransferase is involved in the reinforcement of the plant cell wall under conditions that trigger the disease resistance response (pakusch, a.-e., kneusel, r.e., and matern, u. (1989) arch. biochem. biophys. 271, 488-494). partial amino acid sequences of the enzyme from cultured parsley cells that had been treated with a crude elicitor were identified (pakusch, a.-e., matern, u., and schiltz, e. (1991) plant physiol. 95, 137-143), and corresponding degenerated oligon ... | 1991 | 1894629 |
| effect of dietary fish oil on development and selected functions of murine inflammatory macrophages. | inflammatory macrophages from mice fed diets containing menhaden fish oil (mfo) have a reduced capacity for cytotoxicity of mastocytoma cells upon activation with interferon-gamma (ifn gamma) and lipopolysaccharide due to an altered responsiveness to ifn gamma. in an effort to elucidate further how dietary mfo effects macrophage function, we have studied the maturation of inflammatory macrophages from mice fed mfo compared with mice fed safflower oil (sfo) using several processes that serve as m ... | 1991 | 1902864 |
| serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in healthy men on diets enriched in either canola oil or safflower oil. | this randomized, blind study measured changes in serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in 16 men consuming 39 +/- 1% of energy (en%) as fat either from safflower- or canola-oil-based diets for 8 wk. initially, the men were stabilized for 3 wk on a typical american (baseline) diet. compared with baseline, the vegetable-oil-based diets reduced serum total cholesterol 9-15% (p less than 0.002), low-density-lipoprotein (ldl)-cholesterol 12-20% (p less than 0.002), and apolipoprotein b-100 21 ... | 1991 | 1905474 |
| lack of dose response by dietary n-3 fatty acids at a constant ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids in suppressing eicosanoid biosynthesis from arachidonic acid. | this study evaluated whether it is the ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids or the absolute amount of n-3 fatty acids in diets that determines the degree of inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis from arachidonic acid (aa). rats were fed diets containing different doses of linolenic acid or menhaden oil for 3 mo. constant ratios of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids were maintained by concomitant increases in safflower oil as the n-6 fatty acid source. results showed that aa concentrations in liver, platelet, and ... | 1991 | 1905475 |
| composition of fat in enteral diets can influence outcome in experimental peritonitis. | an animal model of protracted acute peritonitis was used to study the effects on survival of different amounts and types of dietary fat. guinea pigs (n = 132) were provided with gastrostomies and allowed to recover. intraperitoneal osmotic pumps were then placed, allowing for effusion of viable bacteria during the next week. three days after pump implantation, the animals were randomized to receive one of nine diets, differing only in fat content (3.5%, 14%, or 56% of total calories) and fat com ... | 1991 | 1905912 |
| comparative effects of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on protein metabolism in rats bearing the mammary adenocarcinoma. | the comparative effects of diets containing 20% (wt/wt) of either fish oil (fo) or safflower oil (so) on protein synthesis and catabolism were determined in rats bearing the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma in vivo using a 6-hour constant infusion of l-(1-14c)-leucine. tumor-bearing animals fed fo had significantly lower tumor growth rate (36 +/- 0.5 v 53 +/- 0.7%/d, p less than .05), total tumor protein synthesis (ts) (1.25 +/- 0.1 v 1.85 +/- 0.1 mumol/h, p les ... | 1991 | 1907711 |
| chronic effects of omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) in a rat 5/6 renal ablation model. | it has been proposed that fish oil dietary supplementation in the chronic rat 5/6 renal ablation model may be either protective or toxic. these conflicting hypotheses were tested in rats who underwent renal ablation or sham surgery. twenty rats received sham surgery, and 40 received 5/6 renal ablation. all rats were fed a regular laboratory diet up to 1 week postsurgery. at that time, one half of the renal ablation group was provided with an isocaloric diet supplemented with 24% maxepa (fish oil ... | 1991 | 1912396 |
| dietary management of malnourished children with a new enteral feeding. | balance (nitrogen, fat, carbohydrate) and growth studies were carried out in nine children (6 to 26 months old) recovering from protein-energy malnutrition (pem) using a concentrated (1 kcal/ml) formula designed specifically for 1- to 6-year-olds. the formula provided 12% of energy as protein (18% whey, 82% casein), 44% of energy as carbohydrate (69% corn syrup solids, 31% sucrose), and 44% of energy as fat (50% high-oleic safflower oil, 30% soy oil, 20% medium-chain triglycerides). means +/- st ... | 1991 | 1918741 |
| low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets improve wound healing and increase protein levels in surgically stressed rats. | the specific effects of omega 3 and omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on wound healing, nutrition status, or immune function are controversial. therefore, we investigated the effects of fatty acid supplementation on wound healing and nitrogen retention in a surgically stressed rat model. male sprague-dawley rats (weighing 250 g) were placed into three isocaloric, isonitrogenous feeding groups (controls [standard vivonex]; 30% safflower oil [omega 6]; or 30% fish oil [omega 3]) for 8 days prior ... | 1991 | 1919985 |
| research note: effects of dietary fats on hepatic cholesterol synthesis in japanese quail. | blood lipid concentrations and hepatic cholesterol synthesis were compared in japanese quail fed diets containing fats with different fatty acid profiles. the quail fed a diet containing tuna oil had the lowest blood cholesterol concentration; those fed beef drippings the highest, and those fed safflower oil or linseed oil had intermediate concentrations. rates of hepatic cholesterol synthesis mirrored the results for serum cholesterol concentration. serum triglyceride concentrations were lower ... | 1991 | 1924102 |
| formulated diets versus seed mixtures for psittacines. | psittacines are often classified as seed eaters despite studies that have established great diversity in food habits in the wild. while seeds are consumed, so are flowers, buds, leaves, fruits and cambium. some psittacines consume part of greater than 80 species of grasses, forbs, shrubs and trees. in addition, insects may be important. although there are few controlled studies of the requirements of psittacines, it is probable that most nutrient needs are comparable to those of domesticated pre ... | 1991 | 1941226 |
| long-term feeding with structured lipid composed of medium-chain and n-3 fatty acids ameliorates endotoxic shock in guinea pigs. | the metabolic and physiologic responses to 7-hour endotoxin infusion (5.0 mg/kg h) were evaluated in guinea pigs following 6 weeks of dietary enrichment with diets containing either chemically structured lipid (sl) composed of medium-chain triglycerides (mct) and long-chain triglycerides (lct) in the form of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas), or safflower oil (so), which is high in n-6 fatty acids. plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles, arterial blood ph, pco2, po2, hco3, lactate, blood ... | 1991 | 1943744 |
| phospholipid fatty acid composition of various mouse tissues after feeding alpha-linolenate (18:3n-3) or eicosatrienoate (20:3n-3). | the selective incorporation of dietary alpha-linolenate (18:3n-3) and its elongation product, eicosatrienoate (20:3n-3), into various phospholipids (pl) of mouse liver, spleen, kidney, and heart, was examined in a two-week feeding trial by assessing mol % changes in associated fatty acids. mice were fed fat-free ain 76a diets modified with either 2 wt% safflower oil (control); 1% safflower and 1% linolenate; or 1% safflower and 1% eicosatrienoate. after linolenate or eicosatrienoate feeding, 20: ... | 1990 | 1977067 |
| the role of cytochrome b5 in delta 12 desaturation of oleic acid by microsomes of safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.). | the electron donors for the membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases of higher plants have not previously been identified. in order to assess the participation of cytochrome b5 in microsomal fatty acid desaturation, the cytoplasmic domain of microsomal cytochrome b5 was purified from brassica oleracea, and murine polyclonal antibodies were prepared. the igg fraction from ascites fluid inhibited 62% of nadh-dependent cytochrome c reduction in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) microsomes. these ant ... | 1991 | 1989527 |
| primary structures of the precursor and mature forms of stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase from safflower embryos and requirement of ferredoxin for enzyme activity. | stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) desaturase (ec 1.14.99.6) catalyzes the principal conversion of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids in the synthesis of vegetable oils. stearoyl-acp desaturase was purified from developing embryos of safflower seed, and extensive amino acid sequence was determined. the amino acid sequence was used in conjunction with polymerase chain reactions to clone a full-length cdna. the primary structure of the protein, as deduced from the nucleotide sequenc ... | 1991 | 2006194 |
| metabolic fate of chylomicrons obtained from rats maintained on diets varying in fatty acid composition. | the importance of the fatty acid component in the metabolism of chylomicrons was demonstrated by feeding diets varying in fatty acid composition which resulted in chylomicrons of different sizes. on a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) from safflower oil, chylomicrons of diameter 1853 +/- 192 a were harvested from the mesenteric lymph, whereas on coconut oil and medium-chain triglyceride diets the chylomicron size was 1403 +/- 83 and 604 +/- 40 a, respectively. when the isolated chy ... | 1991 | 2010582 |
| effect of palm oil on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and eicosanoid production in rats. | palm oil (pa), which is very rich in palmitic acid, influenced the serum cholesterol concentration and tissue eicosanoid profile of rats characteristically. it increased the serum cholesterol concentration compared with safflower oil (sa), but the degree of the elevation was moderate compared with that of olive oil (ol). the proportion of arachidonic acid in tissue lipids was by no means lower on a pa diet than on an sa diet. the ratio of prostacyclin produced by the aorta to thromboxane a2 in p ... | 1991 | 2012013 |
| a fish oil diet inhibits colon cancer in mice. | high-fat, high-cholesterol diets have been linked to colon cancer in both epidemiological and animal studies. saturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fats have both been implicated as playing causative roles. epidemiological studies have shown a reduced colon cancer incidence in populations consuming a large quantity of n-3 polyunsaturated fat. this study asked whether n-3 polyunsaturated fat found in fish oil would also be associated with reduced colon cancer in animal studies. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine ... | 1991 | 2017394 |
| the use of sesame oil and other vegetable oils in the inhibition of human colon cancer growth in vitro. | sesame contains large quantities of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa), linoleic acid, in the form triglycerides. the antineoplastic properties of many pufas such as linoleic acid and their metabolites are known. we tested the hypothesis that natural vegetable oils, such as sesame oil and its component linoleic acid, when added to human colon adenocarcinoma cells growing in tissue culture would inhibit their growth and that normal colon cells would not be similarly affected. three h ... | 1991 | 2018355 |
| dietary fat and infection in burned animals. | dietary lipids can influence the immune response, chiefly through modulation of eicosanoid synthesis. previous studies showed that diets high in linoleic or oleic acid significantly improved survival rates, compared with diets high in either saturated fats or omega-3 fatty acids, when fed to mice for 2 to 3 weeks before burn injury. these experiments suggest that neutrophil function in rats is not altered by diets high in either fish or safflower oil before burn injury. serum opsonization is mar ... | 1991 | 2022680 |
| persistence of metabolic effects after long-term oral feeding of a structured triglyceride derived from medium-chain triglyceride and fish oil in burned and normal rats. | the persistence of metabolic effects following long-term oral feeding of a structured triglyceride rich in omega-3 fatty acids was studied in burned and normal rats, and compared with controls fed safflower oil, a long-chain triglyceride high in omega-6 fatty acid content. male sprague-dawley rats were pair-fed a high fat diet as either structured triglyceride or safflower oil for 42 days. on day 43, a jugular catheter was placed, and rats received either a dorsal surface scald or sham injury. f ... | 1991 | 2023535 |
| a study on the mutagenicity of 102 raw pharmaceuticals used in chinese traditional medicine. | the mutagenic potential of traditional chinese drugs was studied. after extraction with boiling water and frozen vacuum drying, preparations from 102 raw drugs were tested with the ames test, and the micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays in mice in vivo. astragalus mongholicus bunge (+s9), sophora japonica l. (+/- s9) and eucommia ulmoides oliv. (+/- s9) were found to significantly induce his+ revertants in salmonella typhimurium ta98 and/or ta100. besides these 3, 10 other extracts wer ... | 1991 | 2027343 |
| dietary fat and phospholipase a2 activity of sprague-dawley rat large intestine. | the present studies were conducted to examine the effect of dietary lipid content and composition [(n-6) vs. (n-3) fatty acids] on the activity of mucosal phospholipase (pl)a2 of the large intestinal tract of rats. three segments of the large intestinal tract were examined: cecum, proximal colon and distal colon. weanling male sprague-dawley rats were fed diets containing either 5% (ls) or 16% safflower (hs) or 14% menhaden oil plus 2% safflower oil (hm) for 3 wk with the oil replacing starch in ... | 1991 | 2033463 |
| effect of low intake of n-3 fatty acids during development on brain phospholipid fatty acid composition and exploratory behavior in rats. | the effect of dietary restriction of n-3 fatty acids during development on brain phospholipid fatty acid composition and exploratory behavior has been studied in male sprague dawley rats. female rats were fed semipurified diets containing either 5.5% safflower oil or 6% soybean oil for 6 wk prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. control rats were maintained on laboratory chow. the male pups were weaned to the diets of the dams except for one group which was switched from safflow ... | 1991 | 2046487 |